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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st July 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY.
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      Untitled Article

      My Friends , Having disposed of the question of Finance , nd having satisfied the Committee upon that abject , by not only assenting to , but by seonding' , the appointment of an accountant , to » appointed by the Committee , to go into the hole money question , from the establishment your Company , the next branch of the bject to be submitted , is that of our power of irotiucing the funds that have been expended on Land : and all argue as if an estate , once

      rrchased and enriched by Labour , became a lead letter , and never could be changed into noney ; although , where houses are built for the noble and the great , the builder raises the first story and mortgages it t j complete the edifice ; although the manufacturer buys raw cotton and wool , and by Labour converts it into a commodity exchangeable for more money ; although the grocer buys a hogshead ofsu ^ ar retails it , and converts the amount Into more sugar ; ' yet it is IMPOSSIBLE for you to buy land , enrich it by labour , erect Louses at wholesale prices upon it , and then eom-ert it into more land and houses , always

      LeariDijthe fact in mi nd , that land is the only raw material upon which labour can be expended with a certainty of a remunerating reward ; and , still further , that land is the Mint in « hich the Labourer can coin his sweat into gold , which he can exchange for ' every necessarv and luxury of life . An <* , yet further , that while your land is uncultivated , and you are looking to foreign countries for food , the new scheme for destroy ing the Land Plan is , DV expending- fifteen millions upon the transportation of able-bodied men , who , if located upon the Land at home , would constitute a market of producers and consumers at our

      own door . But , my friends , as the object of the Select Committee to inquire into the Land Plan , was to damn the project , by damning the character Of its propounder , the Government and its tools have signally failed in their attempt . As there is not upon " record one single instance of the same honest integrity , industry , and perseverance , that has been , and shall be , made manifest in the management of your affairs . And , although unsupported by the Press , but , on the contrary , opposed and denounced by the

      Press for a quarter of a century , I challenge and dare the Government to appoint a Select Committee to inquire into my conduct during the ffhole of that time , and I will allow them to constitute that Committee of their mercenaries , their tools , and their prostitutesand I tell them more , as I seek no favour nor lenity at their hands , that I . will carry this inquiry into their own camp , as I am not a bauble " with which even a Ministry shall play at its oleasure . .... I 1 » . 1 * % lit mind the that

      You wiil bear in proposition I laid before you last week . —It is this , —that , if it will cost a builder 200 / . to erect a cottage that I can erect for 100 / . ; and if he can ensure a good tenant at a rent of hi . per cent , interest ^ upon his outlay , I can give the same tenant a better * cottage " and three acres of land that cost 33 ( . 6 s . Sd . an acre , for the same amount of rent . Aud , by this calculation , lam enabled to sell the house and three acres of land for the same amount of money that the builder can sell the house alone for . And vet

      we are told , that the whole funds of the Company will only locate so many of its members . But , more than that , the backwardness of farmers is admitted , while I bring mechanical genius to bear upon the cultivation of the soil , and I convert old ditches and fences into good arable ground . But let me set this question at rest . I will undertake , upon forfeiture of this Land Flan , which is dearer to me than life itself , to rent twenty acres of grass land at 50 / . a year , or 2 / . 10 s . an acre , and to purchase it out and ' out , the fee simple of it , and leave it in a better state than I found it , . in three years from the day I take possession .

      Now , if this won ' t prove the value of labour , I don ' t know what will . But I think I hear the sceptic exclaim , " This is but assertionvague assertion . " Well , then , sporting men invest their capital upon the chances of a horse race , and I will undertake to back my assertion with a wager of five hundred pounds , to be placed in the hands of an umpire . And I tell you more , that all that I have written , and all that I have said , as to the capabilities r -r _ — : i t-, \ u JjnmeasHrablv short of the ' ,: i ¦ ¦ : . ' . _ ¦ .. ¦ - ' ni '¦ ' < ' i > ¦ ¦ ( i ' ' /; ¦ ¦ - ¦ ] "'¦ ' ¦ ¦• - ' " '' " ¦'• ¦ ' "• __ -:. cU _^_ V - -f ¦ ;• Press , the Government , the employers , the middle-class , the ^ rascals and vagabonds , who could not live upon it ?

      My friends , I tell you , that the opposition I have received , would have killed any other man , while it but confirms me in my determination to go on . The process that every plan has to go through is , first , ABUSE ; then , that it is UNTRUE ; and , at last , when it triumphs , that it is > OT HEW . My plan has been abused , ithus been declared not to be true ; but no man will be hardy enough to declare that it is not new . Mr Cullingham , a master builder , and my overseer , has been examined by the Committee , and he has declared that he could not build one of my houses—that i « , a single house—for less than 200 / . Nor could

      he ! He declared that no gentleman , spending his private fortune , could be more diligent , attentive , and careful , than I have been in the management of your funds . Mr Doyle is to be examined ; Mr M'Grath has been examined ; some of the Allottees are to be examined ; and , after being cautioned ^ b y the Chairman , 1 submitted myself for examination , and my observation was , " That I cared not what penalties , either personal or pecuniary , my evidence may subject me to ; that I separated the question of legality from the question of honour , and that I submitted myself , not only willingly , but cheerfully , to the most rig id and searching ' examination . '

      Mr M'Gowan , who receives the money from the Directors and lodges it in the Bank , was examined , and he proved that I had repeatedly told him to be at all times careful that the Land Fund should not he confounded with my private accounts ; and that now , rather than pay ready money for stamps for the Northern . S ' far , that I was paying from ll . to 5 / . per week by taking credit , which makes to me a difference of between 200 / . and 300 / . a year . The Committee further wished

      to submit my accounts up to the last balance sheet furnished by the Directors , which brought our affairs to the 25 th of March ; but I answered , " No : I'll bring them down to last Saturday , the 24 th of June . ' ' And , my friends , if 1 should be convicted of illegality , and personal responsibility , for having violated the technicalities of the law , in my holy and God-like undertaking , as I told the Chairman , I would be more happy peeping through my p rison bars , than LeVould he at large . " But I defy both him and his

      Government-The Press will now give up the question of finance , and will apply itself to the question of re-production ; indeed it has commenced the new tactics already , as you will learn from the following article , which appeared ia the Daily Kews , of Monday last . Here it is : — KonbtlefS there are many of our over-worked mechuires and artisauB who must be attracted by the glowing descriptions given by Air Peprgus O'Cuunor of the terres . trial parsulitts he is about to create . Tbty turn from tfaeir Tarious iabour . s to coiittmplate the ideal bappiness of I easanv proprietorship—as painted bj tbe member for

      Kottingbam . But , theogh we may dettroy some pKasant illusions , demotfEb , as it would Eeem , some thousands of air built ' coitnges and EiiinU farms / it is our duty to the working daue-s tt , show that all these higWv-ornnmentcd pictures are mere fancy piecei . Hereafur we shall have ec .-asiunto shuw that the occupation cf two , three , er fjur acresoflandas a means of livelihood by a peasant proprietor , even if he bad been to fortunate as to buy the Iin 4 oat and out , or to hold it as his one , subjtct to a rent calcu ' aud according to its real Talue , would be a gjurce of eonstant hardship snd occasional difficulty . HU coaditioB would os every way inferior to that of a

      Untitled Article

      regularly employed operative . And we refer , especially , to the manufacturing and "iecbanical classes of workmen , because it isfrotn them that Mr O'Connor chiefly , i f not exclusively , obtains the members' of his Land Company . When , therefore , the Land Company ' prize holders win tbe right to occupy land at ttviceits real annual value there can be little doubt that their gain is a loss . But if such betbepo-ition and prospects of the winners , what of tbe losers ? I 'the prizes be tbe right of working , to live and pay rents hopelessly exorbitant , what . ire the blanks ? Aud this is tbe point of view in which , at present , we must regard this scheme . Mr O'Connor is seek , ing from the legislature a special act to legalise his company ; a select committee i 9 sitting to take evidence , that parliament may consider the propriety of giving to the ' national bailiff" facilities hevoud the ordinary law of the —

      country . Mr O'Connor ' s scheme is , that there sheuld be oae hundred thousand shares of ^ 1 fs . each , of which no one person is to bold less than two or more than four ; consequently , the number of shareholders may amount to fifty thousand ; and report says more than forty thousand persons have in fact become suoscribers . Now , assuming the average cost of each allotment at £ 333 . and a fraction —which , taking the figures from Mr O'Connor ' s own statements on divers occasions , is below the mark—a thousand pounds will locate three persons . This will give 310 fortunate peasant proprietors as the result of the contributions of between forty and fifty thousand persons . But all the forty thousand blanks want to be located as well as the three hundred prizes . Working men don ' t

      take their two , three , or four shares in the' National Land Company' as investments . They do not look for any high rateof interest for the money they have eked out of their earnings . And , in truth , if the profits of tbe Land Company should prove high , beyond the rate of the most exaggerated railway estimate < of past years , the actual amount of profit payable to each shareholder would still be so small as not to be worth notice . That , however , is not pretended to be held out as a motire fer subscribing ; to get an allotment is the hope , the promise of an allotment is the inducement , of the subscribers and the author of the scheme . Let us ask any hard'headed working man how all the 49 , 7 " 0 members are to be provided with allotments when all the capital of ihe company is required to provide allotments for three hundred . 1

      ' Oh , but , ' says Mr O'Connor , ' we will mortgage the property , ' and lay out the money we have borrowed in buying more land , ' and as that gentleman comeB from Ireland , we may assume that he knows something about mortgages . Let us Eee if we can obtain some notion of the data on which this gentleman fouads his calculations , if his random estimates deserve thatname . Sir O'Connor stated lately that he was going to sell , as auctioneer , some allotmeats in Lincolnshire ; and to induce men to buy , he added , that there was inferior land in the same neighbourhood let for from £ 22 to ^ " 30 . It appears since , that a . few lots had sold at a comparatively

      high price , but that more remained undisposed of . In Mr O'Connor s letters to the members of the Land Company , giving an account of this sale , we find a passage which indicates how he values allotment lands . He says , ' many parties with a little capital , but not sufficient to purchase , offered to pay a year ' s rent in advance , and ^ 2 i a year for four acres without a house . Now , estimating four acres , that would have brought that rent , at £ 75 per acre , or ^ 300 for the lot , it would have left the capitalist nearly seven per cent , in land and labour securitv , the land becoming every dny better and more rafuable — and therefore every day increasing his 6 ecurrtj . ' this not

      Witaout professing to understand exactly very-Clear paf sage , we think it may be taken to mean that land thus allotted out is good seeurity for capital , that it is a security * ia land and labour , " which will constantly increase . Mr O'Cennor , therefore , imagines , or affects to imagine . lthat having established one set of allottees , he can go into the market and mortgage their' land' and their labour' to raise money to establish another . A more vain expectation was probably never indulged in . Does he suppose that persens who have money to lend , will overlook the fact that a rent of £% per acre can neverba permanently paid ? Will they forget that , in . stead of constantly imyroving , their security must be

      regularly decreasing in value , year by year , from the deterioration of the numerous cottages , in respect of which these high rents are—promised ? Indeed , instead of the property becoming more valuable as a security , when parcelled out by the Land Company , it would not be worth so much in the money market as in its original state . Ask the mortgagees of Irish estates what they think of such securities , and a tolerably correct notion may be gained of the utter absurdity of the attempt to borrow and bay , and borrow aud buy again . Why , this is what the Duke of Buckingham has been doing through life , and we see to what end that unthrifty process has brought his grace . Wh y should Mr O'Connor ' s Land Company-that is , Mr O'Connor himself-follow the same course and fare oetter ?

      But , referring to tbe rules of the Land Company , published ' at the office of the National Land Company , ' we find that among the ' means ' of accomplishing the objects of the scheme are a ' bank of depoait , ' and ' a bank of redempt'on . ' The purpose of the former is thus stated ;—'Thata bank of deposit shall be established , through the mediu n of which the money expended in the purchase of land , and the erection of Buildings , &c , ihall Ve reproduced , the property of the Company being security for all the cash deposited in such bank . That the depositors shall receive three-and-a-half per cent , upon their de .

      posits , and that the interest of rent charge payable to the Company by the allottees be available ler that purpose . The money thus advanced upon the Company ' s property to be invested in the purchase of other lands , erection of other houses , ic , upon which in the like manner money shall be raised . " Was there ever sneb a wild scheme f Why , this is not a bank of deposit at all ; it i « asking the working men to subscribe to a mortgage debt . Talis of t ' . e property of the Company being secur ity ior the " c : ish" depssited . There will be no cash ; it is to be all laid out in land .

      - "' ' ' ¦ ¦ r- ¦ ¦ i ¦ ' ! ' - 1 ¦ c I ' ' ' ' ¦ I ., v . . ' ¦ :: ;¦! " i . ¦ ¦ : ii ' ' .:- !;) .. Woollastoa , " well known te equity lawyer .-, . bet& . i shareholder in the 'Land Security and Oil Patent Company' sued the projectors for the money he hsd invested , and recovered it . The projectors proposed to extract ' oil out of radishes , ' and professed to gire as ' land security' property whien costf 28 , 0 i 0 , and re mained charged with all the purchase momy , and £ 57 , CO 0 besides . Now , I have no objection whatever to this fair and honest mode of dealing with the question , and I direct your attention to this one pithy sentence . —" Let us ask any hard-headed working man , how all the 49 , 700 members are to he provided with allotments , when all the capital of the Company is required to provide allotments for three hundred ?"

      Now , in reply , let US ask any soft-beaded printer ' s devil , b . ow a hundred thousand pounds , the amount which the Daily News has cost to establish it , can be returned to the projectors ? And from the above you learn , that when the subscriptions of the members are once expended upon the location of 300 , that the whole amount expended becomes a dead letter and will not reproduce anything—not even rent , which , at five per cent . " upon the outlay , wonld be over 5 , 000 / . a year . Now , let me ask , are the funds paying three and abalf per cent ., or railways which presently will pay little or nothing , or other bubble speculations , a safer investment than land , and does our contemporary believe that any

      abuse heaped upon the plan will prevent the holders of money from investing their funds in the best security ? I have been busy this week—as I generally am—or I should have gone deeper into the subject , which , however , shall be continued until all understand its value ; and if all the members are of my mind , they will not allow themselves to be bullied by the Government , their officials , or their bludgeon men . This is my question—this is my solution of the Labour problem—and as longas Ihave your confidence I am determined to sustain my Ground against all and every odds in the promulgation and realisation of the objects of this Plan ; upon that / jonfidence only can it triumph , while my character I will defend myself , as 1 have the vanity to believe upon it will depend your confidence . Your faithful Friend and Bailiff , Feargus O'Connor .

      Untitled Article

      The Victivis asd the Victim Fckd Committee . —To the Editor of the Northern Star . —bib , —Having been informed that the Victim i-und Committee did not intend appropriating any of tne funds yet recehed by them to the defence and supnort of the provincial victims ; and the people ot Stockport having subscribed their quota with the conviction that all should be treated alike , I should wi ^ h to know whether there is any tru th in the rumour or sot ; particularly as we have some money on hand which we are determined to keep unt . i we are aware of the intention of [ the committee . I IT ™ intention to enlarge upon the injustice of wai

      , such a course , if it is adopted . Let it Bumce ETSsarsW ^ HIS d ^^ ts ° ESW ^ ca = e I am , sir , yours , - fee , Thomas Webb , Stockport . - [ ffecSnot doubt but that justice mil bo done every victim by the Defence Committee .- Ed . NBA : ^ £ s ^^^ Kydd " ill leoture at eight o ' clock . Subject :- ' Tie O ganisation of Labour . '

      Untitled Article

      TO THE CHARTISTS .

      Brothers , —As one of those who have been thought worthy to suffer in a great and holy cause , I am desirous of seizing the last opportunity of addressing you before my trial . I am aware that the eyes of our opponents are ever watchful , but this shall not f ' eter me from expressing , without reserve , the sentiments I always held , still hold , and never will abandos . The aristocracy of money and land are now engaged in their last struggle against the middle and working classes ; the capitalist and land-owner against the shopkeeper , farmer , and working man . The middle class are lending themselves blindly , as instruments to government , in crushing us ; as blindly as the rural communes marched on Paris to assist the Republican Despots against the Republican Democrats .

      But the time is rapidly , very rapidly approaching , when the democracy of the middle class will join the working classes , and that very middle class will imbue the Chartists with the spirit of republi caaism . The time is rapidly , very rapidly approaching , when the victors of to-day will be the vanquished of to-morrow ; and if Russell and Grey escape the transportation I promised them on the 4 th of June , it will only ' , be because a Charti&t government is more merciful than a Whig oligarchy . Meanwhile , Chartists , what is our duty ? It is to organise . I tell you , we are on the very verge of triumph .

      The government are without funds—their expenditure is increasing—they will probably be plunged into a foreign war , and if not , must , at least , prepare to meet it . The middle class mistrust themthe working class despise them—and the Whigs and their aristocratic opponents are putting the climax on their own ruin , by deliberately disgracing themselves in the House of Commons—giving each other the lie , and charging each other with palpable dishonesty . And have you not read how the harvest grows in Ireland ? Do you not hear how the husbandmen are sharpening their scythes ?—bow America threatens across the Atlantic—how it says , Ireland must be free , and mutters something about Canada and the tndies ?

      Do you reflect , that the Dictators of Franco must now seek foreign war , to divert the French mind from domestic retribution ; and have you considered that no war woHld be so ^ popular as one with England ? What , then , is the moral of all this ? That the day of the people has arrived ; that aristocracy has brought a mighty empire to the brink of luin , and that democracy must raiss it up again ; that Britain cannot be saved without the Charter—for , without the Charter , the Chartists will not fi ght for their country . In other words , we are the motive power of the pelitical machine ; and , if we make our power tell , we can dictate our own terms , and force every other class to the recognition of our sovereign rights .

      To effect this , let us perfect our organisation . You have a plan for that purpose laid before you , which is as near perfection as possible . If you carry it out , you are invincible . Do not let any local interest , or party feeling , induce you to swerve from its details . Once organisedfully organised—according to that plan , you can step forward in the political arena , and command all classes . Let me implore you—most earnestly implore you—to carry out that plan of organisation to the letter . Remember , it commits you to nothing ; it risks , it endangers nothing , and may win—the Charter ! But , above all , hasten its completion ! [ The entire Chartist body may be fully organised by THE AUTUMN—tfo not delay beyond that time !' ]

      During the same period , endeavour to spread the movement . Let every district-council take a note of all places in their district that do not contain a Chartist locality . Let them send missionaries to inquire into the local circumstances ; hire a room , hold a lecture , and use every means to establish a branch . If but one man is converted , the seed is sown he will bring others . How was Christianity and all its sects , how were Emancipation , Teetotalism , Freetrade , propagated ? By missionaries—by its propaganda : whereas Chartism has proselytised less than ? - ' ^ ? l , n » <» roat urinp jnlp nr rinirrna in tbe World . '•¦ ' . ' ... ' . ¦ ¦ . ^ ' .. ' ¦ . . r- 'V . i ' . A ' .- L < ¦ ¦ !• . ¦ ' ¦!> - . 1 : i . i

      !¦ . < l : ' ; ; ¦ ¦¦ • ¦ ' ¦ ' '' ' ¦ ¦ ' <; a-v . i u ! icu ' "; S . v ; : i ' ' ¦ js ' . ' . ^; cs :.. ' r ^ i " ¦ . ' : ¦ : ¦ . > V . i ' . m il . si ¦ & ' : ¦—• ¦; ; ¦' . ' . , la : iy U ; * he ¦ iL ' ::, >> : i . r - . ones :--i II * hi ' in . ; , ' : r :. 'i' < " .. . ; ' .. ' tun . j >« . ¦ i ! &l > u i \ & ui ' ruii the ¦ . i ' eiijerit i ; i rrauof . ' eli : ; .- ' . ; .-: ' ' at : Imnitrv ' m v tilcj ail : to g £ i . LircaU j tiie onOpkcc ^ di liOW he JS ) 10 get profits ; the taxpayer how he is to get cheap government ; let them show how the Charter will inevitably produce these results , and , my word for it , they will soon have proselytes enough " . But let

      them beware of talking about merely abstract political questions . Few minds are elevated enough to struggleYor a thing , merely because it is right . Let them show what the Charter WILL DO—and the Charter will be won . Abave all , let them tarn their attention to the trades ; these men are the pith of the working classes ; they are already directing tbeir attention to politics ; show them hew the Charter will produce home trade , ( as it inevitably must , wellapplied)—and then they are ours .

      Our opponents will doubtlessly make a handle of the anarchy now reigning in France . The Times stigmatises the ' insurgents , ' and holds up the fearful struggle in Paris as a warning . It is a warning , but not against democracy ! It is a warning not to let yourselves be nursed by half measures . It is a warning — against the political tinkering of Hume and Co . It is a warning — that none but the la b ourer can legislate for labour . The French people elected only about forty working-men out of about 900 representatives , and you see the result j Labour uneared for —labour starving—prejudice legislating for that of which it is ipiorant .

      The British people would not have acted thus . The British people are sound political economists and social Reformers . They seek power only as a means to an end . They know how to apply it to obtain that end . They have sound political measures ready to carry into effect , when the Charter gives them the power ; therefore revolution has no terror here , and life and property will be secure . Not so in France ; the government there should have raised a compulsory loan at fair interest from all the French capitalists ; have immediately formed vast provision-stores throughout the country ; have dispersed the population instead of concentrating it ;

      have divided all the waste lands among the people ; and instead of turning the destitute into ' guards , ' have turned them into labourers , preparing their allotments and their cottages for the poor . Thus they would have been placed at useful labour , their wages and food would have been secured until the people ' s farms grew reproductive , and anarchy , discontent , and , bloodshed would have been prevented . There will be more struggles yet in France ; the last was a holy one , and , if anything was needed to justify it in the eyes of the world , it is the fact , that Cavaignac—the military dictator—is now treating with Thiers to form a Cabinet !

      The Times is also using the late events in Pans to increase the fear of that bugbear , a standing army , when it says , Paris has proved that a populace ever vainly endeavours to resist a military force . Does the Times suppose that it was the regular army that triumphed in Paris , or the National Guard ? The regular army was beaten—the insurrection spread in its face , as facts incontestibly prove . The National Guard were afraid to come

      out , and scarcely acted till the last day , when the insurgents had been defeated , as M . Dncoux stated in the National Assembly . The Garde Mobileworking men themselves—and the rural population , suppressed the insurrection . The rural guards , the inhabitants of the surrounding country , ignorant of the true nature of the contest , misled by the government into the belief that foreign or pretenders' intrigues caused the outbreak , crushed one of the moat heroic efforts ever made by the working classes for

      their liberty . I have digressed thus far , for freedom is not a French question alone , but a universal one , and our

      Untitled Article

      opponents will endeavour to stigmatise our cause , by calumniating its advocates in France . Let it also be remembered that the ' insurgents' fought with fair and honaurable weapons , while the ruthless government burrowed like moles in the dark , undermined whole streets , and suddenly blew up the houses , crowded as they were to the roof with their gallant defenders , while Bhowera of bombB and Bhells rained from above ! Be it also remembered , that they deliberately shot women—ay ! as the papers of the 26 th of June state , a strong body of National Guards when attacking & barricade defended by two young women and a boy , deliberately shot the women , and

      not till then ventured to scale the barricade . And be it also reniembered , that Larochejacquel . ein accused the Asaembly o { acting on tbe principle of ' Woe to the / vanquished ! ' Well might he do so , when that horde of assassins , after the insurrection was put down ,, and the people , were escaping into the country , sentcavalry and flying artillery after them to exterminatei tbeif ^ bleeding wreck ! Woe to the vanquished L' 4 v ..- "; - ' "• ' Chartist ? father the Times calumniates the class of which it isibe organ , or we may expect the same relentless egiuti-here . [ Prepare !] Read the leading article ^ tiie Times of June 6 th , where it is stated : — ¦ '

      ' The moment h&nptyet arrived , we repeat it , for such a cours& *; bnt > if it does'come , the gangs ofrafr fians who are now engaged in a systematic violation of public order will have nothing to hope , and everything to fear , from the exasperation of the military and police , backed as they will be by thousands and tens of thousands of the inhabitants of the metropolis , who are only anxious to obtain the leave of the authorities to suppress these disorders in the course of a single afternoon . ' [ What ! a Parisian butchery ! Thank you for the hint ! Forewarned is forearmed—then , working men , PREPARE !]

      It may be said 1 act unwisely m letting th s letter be published before my trial ; but I go to that trial not to deny a sentiment or conceal a feeling . I have defied class-government on the platform—I now defy it in the Criminal Courts of Law ; I never joined the movement without foreseeing the consequences , and I am not the man to shrink from the result . I am their enemy—they have got me in their power—let them keep me so [ as long as they can /] But it is of little consequence to the movement

      what the government do with their prisoners . The Premier thinks to crush the movement by taking some of its active advocates . He makes a grand mistake , be thinks the leader ? have created the movement—No ! it is the movement that has put forth the leaders ¦ Let him think of Mitchel ; he took one roan—and three men are already in the field to take his place ; and here , in England , he will not lack imitators as he has found admirers . The sentence of their juries is the muster-call of democracy—and the prisoners in Newgate raise phalanxes beyond its walls . -,. ,.

      Having neither spoken nor intended anything but what is strictly in accordance with morality and law , it may be asked , ' Why should I expect conviction ? ' Let the Times of June 6 th answer , where it say 5 : — ' There can be no difficulty in obtaining a verdict from a jury of London merchants and tradesmen . ' Again , myjjasa it pre judged—has net the Times m ' s-reported my speech ( as proved by the correct report of the government reporter )—has it net misquoted passages from speeches , held months back ?—has it not withheld the con text on which the meaning hinges ?—and has not the Manchester Guardiak , when my wife accompanied me to the north on

      occasion of my late visit , tried to asperse my charaoter with an infernal calumny ? [ Aud what does this import ? that fear , prejudice , and falsebosd will sit in the jury-box on Monday next —and that I shall hare the gratifying spectacle of hearing a jury promunce condemnation oh its own o ' aas , and a class-made judge ratify the sentence . ] [ If , therefore , lam conYbted , Ishall go to my prison with a proud heart , and with the belief that I shall not be there long , for it will not be long before we have the Charter—at least , if there are men in England . If otherwise , I may as well be in their gaols as not , for all England is but a prison for the peopl ? . ]

      h _* ***** ti lit ¦« an Meanwhile , let me exhort you , if you really wish to have the Charter , not to relax in your agitation . The great fault in the movement appears to me always to have been , that it has been worked up to a certain y . Mr * . ti ' t ? f ? ow > WAnt \ degnernfa through ici . " .: iL" \' "i ¦ ¦ t " jmM'O trrevint-K , br .-: e a * eiijiidf , us . i i ! B [ 'fiB < Hied ft ) 1 --. ! t > Ji < & , and laen 'he ppn ; lc " ! 'f : v : i :-h Art . • - ?!' .: ' Vii , Llie "cry ' . uJiUCljt . vc !; r > n I . ; . ! ' . ' . ¦ a ' lifil ' -. i iia- h li ¦ ' ¦ ')¦;¦ 'vr . pif ¦ y : ! -ioru , TuM . ¦ : ¦ I ' ai ' * v ; vri ¦ : . ' ou t :.: ?¦ s ; tincittit . arc e i \ n \ v-M--iin veo ¦ '¦ " rinw \ i ? . ch . i . ook t ^ rni - . 'U the i ^ for ,- of vonr

      viioTfetijcii , and tov . wiii ie < -. fiiti aaan ; i 3 > i : ojjtVJ . :. v ir ,. tstva ? ior . constant !? nvinrrini , ' . Look a ! : vow poaition now , and tell me whether you will agaio uc guilty of the same fault ? Hear Lord John a few weeks ba k , opposing a repeal of the rate-payinfr clauses , and a w about bringing it forward himself dear L 3 rd John a few weeks back , laughing at the Chartists—hear him bow confessing that the Chartists are stronger than the middle-class ! [ See him transporting a Mitchel , and not daring to touch his aucoessor !] See his cabinet forbidding publio meetings , and now trying to throw the blame on the police ! See a ministry that e ^ ts its own words , and is dying of a surfeit . I ask you , then , is this a time to relax ?

      In your agitation maintain peace , law , and order , respect life and property , but do not—oh ! do not be political cowards There is a vast difference between courage and violence . A truly brave people are never themselves disorderly , and have sufficient energy to prevent disorder in others . Stand by the right of public meeting in the open-air—( maintained ever since the witmagemot of the ancient Saxons)—but impress , above all things , a respect for life and property . Let the shopkeeper feel he need not close his shutters when the Chartists pass , and he will Hot close his heart against the Charter . He knows that the Chartists do not commit an outrage—but let him also know that the Chartists can punish those who begin a riot . Teach him that you are

      not for a 'division oi property ; ' that it is not a war of the poev against the rich , but of the people against elnss-gorernment . In conclusion , let me thank all those friends for their kindne-ss who have exerted themselves in my behalf , The Exeeu-. ive have been indefatigable in their efforts for my fellow-prisoners and myself ; nor can I sufficiently express my sense of the kindness and promptitude of the Defence Committee—or of the true-hearted Chartists who nave subscribed bo liberally to tho defence fund . My thanks are also especially and personally due to those kind friends from Halifax and Keighley , who came up from Yorkshire to bail me , when they found what a inookery the right of bail was in the hands of the governmentaud to Messrs Sewell and Ford , my bail , the latter of

      whom was subjected to the most annoying and insulting Bcrutiny . To those gentlemen who were rejected on frivolous pretences , I am equally grateful . I now bid you farewell for a time , for shouldl be convicted—though I shall receive no tidings from without —I shall hold the firm belief that the cause is prospering . I shall await the great hour of a Nation's liberation in calm hope—and as I never joined the movement with an interested motive , —as I hare never gained in its advocacy anything but the reward of my own conscience—I now neither regret no ? retract amendment I have uttered , nor a step I have taken . I defy class-government to do its worst , —I predict its speedy downfall and the people ' s triumph , aud the last words on my lips now , as the firat when 1 iasne from my eel ) , ehall be ;

      THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER I am , Brother Chartists , Youra faithfully , Ernest Jokes , London , June 28 th , 1848 .

      Untitled Article

      Accident on the Stage . —A painful accident occurred to Mr Pritchard , the lessee and manager of our theatre . , on Wednesday evening , while he was playing the part of Macduff to Maeready ' s Macbeth . In the tight represented in the last scene the point of Mr Macro&dy ' a sword unfortunately struok Mr Pritchard on the face with such force as to out through the cartilage of tho nose and upper lip , penetrating to the bane . It was with difficulty Mr Pritchard was able to retain his place on the Btago till the conclusion of the scene , and he could not speak the remainder of his part in oonseq ience of the blood which filled his mouth . We have the satisfao tion to learn that tho wounded gentleman is going on as favourably as could be expeoted : —Leeds Intelli ^ gtneer . Kentish Town Meetings are hold every Tuesday eveniag at the Star and Garter , earner of Mansfield-place . An harmonic [ meeting in aid of the Victim Fund , will be held oa Wednesday , July 12 th .

      Untitled Article

      ELECTION OF EXECUTIVE , AND COM . MISSIONERS . According to the return of the localities , the following members of the National Charter Association , are elected as the Executive Council of tbe body . Feargns O'Connor John M'Grao Ernest Jones TP . M . M'Douall Samuel Kydd CCMHIfOIONMS . 1 Alfred Fussell H Alexander Sharp 2 Charles M'Carthy 12 James Shirron 3 James Leach 13 David L ' ghtowler i John West 14 William Vernon 5 Father Pilling 15 Daniel Donovaa 6 Thomas Tattersall 10 — Brook . Leeds 7 James Adamo 17 George White 8 James Sweet 18 Joseph Linney 9 Isaac Ironside 19 Wm . Cuffay 10 Thomas Wheeler 20 Robert Burrell

      Untitled Article

      - " mp »« ADDRESS OF THE EXECUTIVE TO THE PEOPLE .

      Fbuow Couktbtmbw , We are the Executive body of your choice and election , and are your servants , and our success rests , not with us as tbe elected ot the people , but ia reality with the support and efficient unison of thought and action that pervades the entire body Pledging ourselves to be faithful to our trust , we feel it necessary to assure you that candid and plain speaking , opea and straightforward acting , shall ever be tne leading feature in all our relations with you , and all we mny do in your behalf . London is the seat of government , of wealtb , and of influence , and we are convinced that no agitation for Chartism cib be complete until all the available power within the metropolis ,

      constitutionally at our command , is brought to bear efficiently in support of the people and the people ' s cause . Therefore it is that we are at present directing our attention to the events of the great emporium of wealth , and luxury , trade , commerce , and legialation ; eincerely resolved that it shall also become the emporium of Chartism , and the great centre of social and politioal knowledge . The trades , a numerous and influential auxiliary in the cause of politioal and social emancipation , are every day approaching nearer to us—not alone by an acknowledgement of principles , butaleoby a practical organisation , aiming at the full enfranchisement of mind and the true seourity of all the members of tha common wealth .

      It is with regrat that we are obliged to inform you , that we have not of late received at your hands the encouragement or pecuniary support re quisito for our auatenance and utility as a public body , sharing heavy personal responsibilities , and entrusted , in a great degree , with the management of the people ' s politioal interests and future destiniea . Wo know yon to be generous sod patriotic , and hope that our call for funds and sympathy will be responded to by you without delay . By auch a response , we are willing to test your confidence in ua aa a publio body ; and whilst we will ever take our share of danger or trouble without a murmur ,

      we at once boldly and frankly assure you , that we will return to'' your ranks as private members , r 4 her than be crippled in oar designs , or rendered abortive in action , by the want of the necessary su' port . We are for the people , and , to be eneceisful , the people must be for us . We have , in previous addresses , pointed ont to you the means to be adopted in the collecting of the Liberty Fund ; and have no doubt that those of you , who have not senoubIj thought of the urgency of our oironmi > tances , will do so now , without further delay , remembering that good works are the _ effect of a sound belief and the Burest test of a sincere conviction .

      It is impoBBible to look at society , as now existing , without being impressed with serious thoughts on the future prospects of the British empire . Inter * nally there are ovident Bigus of dissolution and destruction to existing interests . Our workmen are idle , our shopkeepers bordering on baDkruptoy—Pur commercial and mooied classes look round them with doubt and dismay . The disturbed state of the continent prevents even a temporary improvement in our foreign trade , and increased pauperism at home is a sure index of a long continuance ef the depression of our home manufactures . England's

      statesmen are wedded , as if by fatality , to theories and interests that prevent them coming to your > aid < It is melancholy to read the nightly disputes and wrangliogs within the House of Common !!; but even these are ominous of the future ; they show , in a manner not to be misunderstood , that the difficulties of the Minister of toe day rapidly increase , and a change of ministers cannot avert the evil , or shun the day of trial , and tbe hour of difficulty . A correction , an improvement , or it may be , an entire re-.-¦ . fh . ^ t ; -r cf ry . j- * -. Jinlearly inevitable . It is , .. i .: ~ or .: i-e , v .- ; o Hi . ' / ntive that you shall be - ¦ .. ( . - "ct- ¦¦"¦ in thf ¦ : . ;; i , i - . ho jtate . and your - ¦ .. ( . - "ct- ¦¦"¦ in thf ¦ : . ;; i , i - . ho jtateand your

      , :. -ki-U ,. . i \ rfcci ¦';• , i . Mre iefv ^ ' - - ' . ' " ^ . of this iwiKi ' iy Mn ; n . ¦ ¦ ?¦ & an m ; .- "i ; ig ; . w '' ^ ynu : win't ia ( : ' . - ¦ , ' " . now , MIR * as : ' : i yr- ' y- < ui . £ •¦ ¦ •¦ . i- . 'd'snaU ' ¦ ¦ acoDijruiiiv . ; 0 \ ''l&ts ' -. ' ¦ gif . ' .- ' ittTi ana p ' ' ¦ ' . - ¦ no lo : ^ ei manA gs . iii ' . o , tho n : ¦ :. (! of 1 . W sv . ¦ : uU'ct tenoci ??' towards trueprinoijiicH . " , : » re ia , la tiv ; taught i the nation , a distinct polanty . i ' -cw wnii-h yuusv sprint ; a new era of sooial and poluical i'v . T "» t ; j ; :, net based on the ignorast assumption of pnvikv tders , or class , party , or sectarian interests ; but on the broad and extended basis of man ' s rights , dutieB and interests .

      It is tbe er / dont intention of tbe rulers of tbe day ts rnin tbe people ' s cause , by the old Whig dodge of legal expenses ; and there is' a cruel feeling of revenge and rapacity manifested in the state prosecutions now going on . The government is weak and desperate , they never again can command the respect or support of any important section of the community ; their weakness will become your strength , and their imbeoility your source of power and final victory , provided you be true to yourselves . ' Oaward and we conquer ! Backward and we fall !' Di your duty , and we are prepared to do ouri .

      Untitled Article

      ' THE'TIMES , 'THE BULLY , AND ' PUNOff CUE BUFFOON , OF THE ENGLISH PRESS •'» Dublin Tory Paper . '

      TO THE BD 1 T 0 R OF THK NORTHERN 8 TAK . Mr Editor , —Nothing fcas been more gratifyioe to rae than your lata onslaught on the base , brutal and lying press of this country . The words I haye quoted above I read with sorrow , because of the conjunction and similarity of sentiments in the two publications—both now struggling in their several ways to ke « p the people ia Bocial and political bondage . The Times has always been notorious hb a merce nary slave , and as bucu , as brutal and blood-thirsty as it is vile ; But the recreancy of my once great favourite , Pckch , conveyed pain to my Wings , ani ahame to my bosom , for accursed tnuat that country be when the most ^ talented and patriotic writers are found to have their nrice . -.- ' .

      Seven years have elapsed since iro birth of Pcwoff , from ( he Eatural soberness of the EngliBh mind , tW incessant pursnit after only that which eonld lead ft wealth , whereby to satisfy the cravings of & cornio . rant , government-anu education mating virtae despised aod Mammon loted-it was thought a work of joWnd puna-onTOitable not impossible to sueceed . But the excellence ef point-the seriousness of rnouve-. tfi 8 patriotism of the under-ourrent , nobly expressed in its pages , aosn made Pdnoh hailed as a benefactor in the Btraeele of progreas The writers were well sailed to thfl duty . They bad emerged from a school of adversity—they had felt the paina and penalties of poverty—they had suffered from the InluBtico of the

      social institutions—and they entered , heart and soul , into the service of their depressed fellow countrymen . Great public approbation led to great success , and its consequent reward wa < fully reaped With this amplitude of means , a change came over tho spirit of the writers . Punch grew mighty genteel . He loved to talk of wines ,- and manners ; and customs of autocratic life , as if fa * miliar to himself , and sneer at those who could not obtain them . Genteel . ' philanthropy—narrow , crippled , and charitable—respectable reform—delusive , class , and unprincipled—bscame tho theme of its weekly croaking ? , and , consequently , abase of tlie people . Then Punch became a favourite of the Timss and , more especially latterly , has truly

      acted the part of buffoon at the bully ' s court , With his loss of principle , has departed his originality ; and now he is but a poor player opon and adapter of others' ideas , dressed in motley , to bring in the pence . The Times is his text-book , and the people his demons to be cursed . Baseness stops not at the mere gratification of its evil actions , it seeks for extraordinary reward , and grovels in the filthisat mire to dutch the prize of its degradation . Thus , then , no surprise is excited on learning that one of the editors of Ponce has received from government a coramisBionerahip . At what price ? The fixing another rivet , where a keen file was promised , in

      the people ' s political ohains ; for stretching forth anotb . tr hand to pour upon the impoverished masses revilings , jarriugs , mockery , inBult , and lies . A second editor has taken the preparatory step , to a sop ia the sweat of the people ' s labour , by entering the law . Another commiasionership may be the reward of further ridicule on your bold , holy , and fervid demands to bo socially and politically pqunl with your fellew-courjtrjmen . I have often thought the sporting with great and serious questions led to a prostitution , and insincerity of mind—a total want of feeling , of heart , and lore of mankicd and country . The problem ia solved , and in sorrow do I see the result .

      The once patriotio Examiner deals ont from tho cauldron of infamy its tribute of falsification , cruelty , and scorn on the people : but why ? Because its serfdom must pay auch service for the commiBsionership of its proprietor . The Chronicle , too , h a * received ita retaining fee to bepraise the ministry , and befoul ihe people . This then shows why the people of England are misrepresented—why their woes are scoffed at—why tbeir aspirations are imothered in ruffianism—why the honest millions are told they ars not the peoplewhy the plunderers are kept in countenance , and why the ariBtocratio plumage is held up to admiration , while the dying : bird is forgotten .

      The Northern Stab alone speaks truth ; it is the doomsday book of the people ' s oppressions and op * pressors . Knowing then its value and importance , let us appreci&te it accordingly—in the present struggle it is inestimable . I am , sir , yours &c , Edward Fitzgerald .

      Untitled Article

      THE IRISH CONFEDERATION . The Council ( of twenty-one ) of the Davis Club , are carrying out the ftfganU&ttaa ia yarnsit , already the foundation oi several new clubs haa been formed , and in a few days there will not bo a district in or around this large matropoliB , but will have its Confederate club The trsnuportation of Mitchel , and the lmpriaonment ol his oo-patriot Looney , bas done more to complete the or ^ ganisation of clubs , than all the manifestations iaBued by the Council of the Confederation in Dublin . Bbien Bobu Cldb . — A large meeting of Confoderates and Chartists were held on Sunday evening last , at the Druid Arms , Greenwich , Among those who addressed tho meeting was Mr John Lindsay , ( Davis Club , Louden ) , on the great benefits that would reaalt to democracy bj organising thcmselres Into classes . Subscriptions were entered Into for the defence of Mr looney , makin ; from this dUtrlct the sum of £ 1 . . The meeting thea adjourned .

      Kensington . —A meeting was bela on Suodoy evenlag latt , at Jenniugg Buildings . Mr M'Carthy in thecha ' . r . Johh HircBEL Cldb . —A crowded meeting of thU club was held at their rooms , Crown , Grarel lane , South , vrnrk , Mr F « rry addressed the meeting at grant length . Several members addressed tho meeting , and many members were enrolled . \ large meeting of the Maze Club , was also held at tie . -iiiJ ' s Hfud . BuII ' b Head-court , Tooley-street , when " 3 v . •¦ i l < .. ;? . v . i > . i- ¦ ¦ .-. i . VjJ In their subscriptions to thedeff . v ¦ - ' . 1 ' ¦ iVv V . .. ) L--. j . T , f \ v i , ( ; t , - r ' , j- i . .. ' . lit ; ' ¦ iV ' s Rluk was held ; n - < win ¦¦¦¦ ' . < ::. ' , ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦; , : u'le 'tfcintij . - .... > . ¦ -, - T ) eanstrait , whlti .. , n- - cr , ^ .- ' " i ' . o null * aw-c . ' . < . $ ¦ ii . r . c" ; . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . l ¦ . !' . 'h . ~ cV : ur , I no . '" p ' . ivt ¦ "¦ ¦ . ' 1 re' ^<''! Vy

      ii a ; r-, . . j . 1 n > i 8 fi ;\ UnwN : ; j ; , . Viher , ' - ¦•* ¦ J ^' ' - ' ¦ » uL »; ii i .,. i 0 f . i ' oi : h& (•¦^ r . w ' . of Mr " . I- "i »;> - -, w « s r ¦ •" liberally entered lato , sc' ' . - . e r cot ' - ! , ' Set '< r : >• . ; . ¦ . ;< : ¦ , Large meeting ! of ' . ¦¦•¦ 'i ' li 4 o '» Mil -.. i ! :- ! "" ¦! ' ¦• , »; > i the 'Robert Emraett' Clnb » mr : ¦ ¦ - '' ¦ ¦ ' ¦ " ! - uli ; : ; :: ' oftbeweeK . The rules of the New iiic * I oc ^ -ic- -tei- * adopted , and subscriptions entered into for the j ; iV " . iCs Fund . The WALLiCE Brigade , —A crowded meeting of this locality was held on Monday Evening last , at tho Charter Coffee House , Strutton-grouud , Westminster ; Mr Henry Wilkes in the ohair , who opened tbe business of the evening by reading the letter of Mr M'Manne , referring to the brutal treatment he received from the police , from the Northern Star ; and Mr J . D . Rsilly ' e letter from the Irith Felon , which were loudly cheered . A resolution was passed adopting tbe patltlon which appeared in the Star of Satord&y last , and whloh 1 b to be presented by C . Lushlngton , Eaq ., M . P .

      Tho meeting then adjourned to Monday evening nest , giving three cheers for the victims , and three for the Charter and Repeal , Oa Sunday evening a leoture will be delivered at the Charter Coffee House ; the subject i«— ' The Charter , Whlggery , and Emigration . Confederate meetings for the ensuing week : — Sunday Evening . —Cortwrlght ' a Coffee House , R « d " Cross . street ; Crown , GriveMaae , Soutbwurk ; Druid Arms , Greenwich ; Jennlngs' -bulldingi , Kensington ; Bull ' s Head , Bull ' s Head-court , Tooley . » treet ; Victory , Deptford , Monday and Wednesday Evenings . —Assembly Room * , Dean-street , Sobo square , Monday , Tuesday , and Thursday Evenings . —Wash-Ington Temperance Hall , Cable-atreat , Wopplng . At which subscription ! towards the Defence Fund , and to the support of the viotims of Whig tyranny , will be received ,

      All announcements of Confederate meetings to D 9 tent to our reporter , Mr T . R . Reading , 4 , Brldge-streot , Westminster .

      Untitled Article

      Police Odiiughs . ~ A public meeting was held at Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Tottenham court Road , on Thursday evening , June 22 nd , to denounce the outrages recently perpetrated by the Police . Mr Utting was called to thechair . Mr JBDies Savage moved the following resolution : — That in the opinion of this meeting the conduct of the police , in their reoent attacks on the peaceable inhabitants of the Metropolis , demands the strictest judicial and Parliamentary investigation , in order that the British people may be effectually proteoted from a repetition of such outrages . Mr Dyson

      seconded the motion , and Mr Gooafellow supported it . Mr Bezer moved the aecond resolution . - —That making tho police a military body was subversive of liberty , and the British Constitution . ' Mr Merriman seconded the motion , which wbb carried unanimously . Mr W . Salmon moved the adoption of a petition embracing the spirit of the foregoing resolutions , to be presented by Sir B . Hall , one of the members for the borough . Mr John Savage ably seconded the motion , whioh was adopted unanimously . Mr J . Elmzlie Duncan moved a vote of thanks to the chairman , and the meeting quietly

      dispersed . Death of the Widow op William Thom . —We are sorry to hare to record the death of Mrs Thorn , the widow of the bard of Inverury , wh > ch took place on the 17 th ult . at Inverary , whither she had returned after the dea'h of her husband . A cold which ibehad caught oa her jeurney homewards resulted in typuus ' ever of tbe most malignant sort . Her three young children are now orphans indeed , and are caBt upon the world at Ihe helpless ages of eight monthsand two and fo Jr years . The Queen has given a donation 0 tcnpnJ , to the fund for behoof of the orphans , and the total sum raised by the joint efforts ef the generiU committee in Dundee . aml the biliary commie m London , already somewhat exceed £ 250 .- 2 «««« Advertiser .

      Untitled Article

      House op Commons Officers . —The Select Com « mittee , in their report on the new HouseB of Parliament , just delivered , give the result of their inquiries into tbe duties of the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of CommonB , and make several recommendations with respect to the office , with a view to the regulation of the ssmo before the occupation of the new Houses of Parliament . The Sergeant-at-Arms , it appears , has to attend on the Speaker during the sitting of parliament , and on her Majesty at such timeo as parliament is not sitting . He is the ' housekeeper , ' and has the control of the porters , and the salary is JE 1 , 500 , and & residence is prepared for him . His patronage consists in various appointments to situations conneoted with the house . It is recommended that the salary be £ 1 . 200 a year ,

      with the residence prepared for him in the new palace , his salary continuing at the £ 1 , 500 until such residence ia prepared . On vacancy , the deputy Berjeant ta receive his present salary of £ 800 , without an allowance of £ 200 for house rent ; that the deputy housekeeper ' s office ( £ 600 a year ) ba abolished , and the duties transferred to the assistant serjeant , who has £ 425 , whose salary be increased to £ 500 , with a residence in tho new palace . Upon vacancy , it iB recommended that the salaries of the first and second doorkeepers be reduced from £ 874 aad £ 400 to £ 300 and J 6200 , and also upon vaeanoies , £ 200 to be the maximum , and £ 100 the minimum , of a meagenger ' s salary , and that not more than £ 10 a year bs the increase , at the discretion of the Serjeant-at-Arms . The four messengers now appointed have each £ 300 a

      year . Drbadful Accident . —Loss op Elevbn Lives . — The Monmouthshire Mbulin contains the particulars of nn awful accident which took place at the Black Vein Iron-stone Pit ? , at the Victoria Iron Works , it should be here explained that in tke operation of lowering and raising the buckets in che shaft the weight in the descending bucket ia so adjusted as to raise to the surface another bucket . When the eleven men in question had desoended to oome depth from the surface the chain attached to the bucket in whioh they were descending began to run down the shaft withsuoh rapidity that they were

      precipitated to the bottom with a tremendous crash . The chain on the other side of the pit , whioh moved upwards with a rapidity proportionate to the in . oreaeed speed of the descending bucket , soon brought to the surface the cross pieces only , by which the ascending bucket had been attached to the chain—thus leaving behind the huge bucket , with its oontenfs and the balance chain at tho bottom of it , which must have descended with terrific violence upon tbe poor follows who had juBt gone down , and who , it is supposed , were thrown by tho violence of the concussion out of one bucket juet in time to be crushed to atoms by tho desoent of tha other . They were , of oouree , killed on the spot .

      Thb Ghry Mare the Bbst Horss . —In 1776 the Duchess of Charteria beat her husband in a foot race of 200 yards for 200 guineas . The Duchess was a ! - lowed to secure her petioo&to above the knees of her drflmn .

      Untitled Article

      jt . i * . ' -j : AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .

      Untitled Article

      SiVOLXLNojteB ^ " LONDON , SATDBDAY ^ ULn , 1848 . " " ^ JgJg ™ " ^ " '" ¦ ¦ —•— r ^

      To The Members Of The National Land Company.

      TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1848, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1477/page/1/