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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th July 1848, Edition 1 of 2, Page 3

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    • —^—i ^ oetrg*
    • Untitled Article
    • Rational ^soctatfon ot miiWH Cratre0,
    • jacte anu jranrtt^
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      Untitled Article

      ( From the Washington Rational Era . ) HosEi Bigelow is the author of the following , srtiich we find in the Anii-Siayery Siasbasb . Hosea calis his production : —

      TOE PIOUS EDITOR'S CREED I do believe ia Freedem ' s cause As far away ag Paris is ; I lore to see fair gtick her claws Ia them infernal Pharryseei ; It's well enough » gln a King To dror resohei and triggers-Bat libbaty ' s a kind o thing That don ' t agree with niggers . I do believe the People want A tax oa teas and coffjes , That EQthin aint cstravj-guat , Porrided I ' m in cffice ; Por I have loved my country gence My eyt-teeth fill'd their sockets ; And Uncle Sam I reverence , Partlckler 2 ejhi 8 pockets .

      I do believe in any plan Of levyin the thX 25 , A * long as , l : ka a lumberman , I git jest what I axe » ; I go free traSe through thick aa' thin , Beranse it kind o' ron es The folkg to vott—and kepps us ia Oar qniet castom . bcuseB . I do beliere It ' s wise sad good To send otir / arrin missions—That Is , on certain understood And orthjdecks condlshuns ; I mean nines thousand dolli perxnn ., Nine thoEKand more for nnifit . And ma to reckomend a man

      The place weald jest tbont fit . I do believe In speBhul wbj « Of prsyln' and convattln '; The bread conies back in many days , Asd battered , too , fer eartia '; I mean in preying till one busts Oa what the party chooses , And in convartin' public trusts To very pryvit uses . I do believe hard coin tfee staff For 'Icciicraeeri to shout on ; The People ' s oilers soft enough . Ts mate hsra Jioney oat on ; Dear Uncle Sam pcrrides / or his , And gives a good lizsd jack to all—I don ' t care hoic hard aosey i « , At lone si mine' paid paactooal .

      I do oelieve witU all my esul In the gret Press'i freedom , To pint the People to the goal , And In the traces lead ' em ; rallied the aim tbat forges yokes At ray fat contracts Equintin ' , And withered be tse nose that poke * Inter the Guv ' ment println' I I do bditve that I should give Whatever's hit to Cs ; ar—? or it ' s by him I meve and lire Prom him my bread and cheese are ; I do believe that all of me

      Dotb bear his sqpeKcripshnn—¦ Will , con » hnncs , honor , honesty , And things of that deicripshun . I do believa la prayer and praiEe To hia that has the grantin ' Of jobs—im rrerjthing thai payt—Bnt most of all in Cikiis' ; This doth my cop with mercies fill , This Ujs all thonght of sin to rest—I don ' t believe in principle , But , OU ! I do in interest , I de believe whatever trash Willkcep the People in blindness ... That we the Mexicans can tbrash Right later brotherly kindness ; VjSo believe that powdtr 'b ball " Are good-will ' * strongest m » gnets—That peace , to make it stick at all , Hast bo druT in with bagnets .

      In short , I firmly do believe Ia Eumbng generally , For It is a thing that I perceive To hive a toild Tally ; This hath my faithful Bhepherd been , In pasture * street hath led me—And thii will keep the People green , To feed 6 i they have fed me . Hi P- „

      Untitled Article

      THE CONSTITUTION OF SOCIETY AS DE . SIGNED BY GOD . By Daniel Bpeop . London : A . Hall aad Co ., 25 , Paternoster-row . This book , though eoniewhat tiresome to read , is well worthy thongbtfal perasal . Mr Bishop's -new Of the present order of things is expresssd in tka quotation from Tacitus , which he prefixes to his preface : — ' The raore diligently I tnrn in my mind either the affiirs of the modems or of the ancients , the more conspicuous appears the absurdity of hu . man arrangements throughout all the corners of thig world ! ' We shall beat give the resdsr an idea of the dwracter of this work by extracting at Borne length fiom its pages .

      THE LAPD . The land of aay nation belongs , by Divine appointment 50 t toe par :, but to ihs irfcofcof the people . Nothing , towever , e » n be furtner from our iatentioa so say , that the lead is to be so divided as for every man to have a g sparate portion . Woat we intUt on is , that He land it CtfprojKrtyo / wekty , and not of some of its members to the exclusion of others . ft Thefeumaa race in the aggregate can have no property ui the Iac 3 . It belon ; g to God » 1 odb . His children ere bat his u-nsnti . Each generation hag only & life Intereit . Tkt fas who posses * the land , however , SBy t 9 the nans diEpsssMseo * , — ' AU the clay of the habited parts of the earth is ours . The fowls in the air belong to us . Thsngfe thon be thirsty , roll not a stone from s weli . Thoug h tbou be hungry , pluck no frait from a tree , — no ear from a field of corn . ' Erery thiag is inclusive . The grett orject of engrossing tbe land is obviously the attainment of wealth ; er , what is the same thing , having in nadus commend or the labour of ethers .

      With regard to the land , all the members of society BOK sUcd ia one of the fallowing positions : —Having a property in it ; or y depr ived oi tkis property . And if poor , being in tbat state ef slavery where man must sell his labour for whatever it will purchase ; or , being in that Jt&te of slavery where me * are told and bought like fciles of goods , If the Zaivi engrossing is in accordance with the Divine will , it tr . By be inquired , —Why is the labour also BOt allowed to bs engremd ? Either laEd without labour , or labour without land , is valueless . It hs 3 been well aaked— ' Why ha » Dot African slavery been introduced Into England ? For this plain reason , —a white slave can be hired for less tbsn would maintain a black one . ' Wheaever the right to property in the land ehall be plated on a proper foundation , the existing ilavcry will ease . Bat the industry tf the many mutt ever be lacri fMd , to long as the miscalled exclusive right to tbe land Is ia tfee han ^ s of a fe-o . And during its continuance all commercial transactloEB must be tainted with

      injustice

      STAHDiED OF VAICE . The real etamUrd of rslaa la all places and at all Hmw ; is tie labour expended on ths production . As the labour of an able-fcsdUd man knowlcg some prodectiva art sboszld asre an unalterable value , what he produces aionld have the tame . In the great market of the world this is lost fight of . The quantities of the Tarfoos kiads of labour and produce , at most places and times , « xa £ a s state of fluctsatien . Whatever any kind of Iafcour or produce will exchange for In labour or produte of a different kind , it called its exchangeable ralnr—the cdy ens known in practical life . This is an OBqaeslion-» bls evidence of an unsound etati of things .

      WIGIB SLiVEBT . COHPITITIOX—8 HEAPKESS—HACHHTEET , The nsany , from beine deprived of the property in tbe UaS , aoil , as has been intimated . Bell their labour for eny pries It will brio ? . They are all therafore neceua . rUy in & state of campetition with sue another . This reflacei wages in a lees or greater . ifgree , eo that In almost tU coantriss « cd recs the meny are comparatively poor . Tkey csti coly cotnmsnd the necessaries of life , and all therefore want to boy st the lowest rate . By the present system , tbe persons employed in all tie differ ; ntbrsneh ** , baih masters and fervsntg , from the growers of ths raw produce to the retailers of mannfeatured eriicle ., reduce as much as potaible the value of each o : ber * s Isbour , —though , to all , to advance the Tain * of tkis Isbour should be ' . he all-important consideration .

      Take , for example , our retail drapers tferoughont the country , is the generality of their castomen want to buy of then cheaply , the drapers ordinarily endeavour to uaderstU one anothtr . And fer this purpose they bey as cueuply es po 5 ; ible all they rrquire . The consutasrs of dr » p « ry \ hns lower the value of the labour of the retail drsptrs and tbtir servants , —the wholesale drapers aci tntlr servants , —the manufacturers and ¦ their servants , —the grower * of tfee raw produce and their « £ .-v . m ! s , —as well as the labenr of merchants , carriert , aad all other ptrtons connected vfitb the drapery trade . A ^ ongtt the draper 6 eaitoaiers ) ffcjse that are farmeH aad their labourers , by lowering the value of

      the labour of the drapers , tnn % t necessarily canee shem to be less ralusbb customers for agrScuhural produce . Tfee sctioa of the agricultural class evinces the action cf a >> the otctr cUstes of the drapers' customer ? . In a sjsiem cf interchange this must necessarily erer be reciprocal AU classes want to buy cheaply . By so ( toing , all depreciate the value of their own labour . In this miserable circle tbiogs revolve . Assuredly no farther vldeace is requisite to prove that ' this wisdom desceaieth cot from above . ' Bat so long as tbe laud continues to be engrossed , ) the present system cannot be shauged . ~ 4 I * it , ' s » ji D . tros&er / not a faet .,,... thftt ia tho ««

      Untitled Article

      irades Into which the labour of women and children h&i beea pressed , tbe wages of the man , wife , and ehlld , or children , it scarcely more , aud in taaay Instances not more , than the wages of a single man , iathoie trades , to which tetnaU labour is not adapted ! Man hat mad * of woman a slave , and the curse has , in part , recoiled upon himself . '— ( UimtyofPd . Uhitns ) The reduction cf wsgea may cau . e men to w » ik more hours , until they get scarcely any thing . This may cime a furtbtr increase of production , and farther diminution of wages . —orlessofwcrkfor & time to maDy . These things , u has been seen , reduce the demand of iueb persons for the produce of their interchanges . And tfee&a are , consequently , in a leSB or greater degree impove . rished . Thus the evil mey be widely extended , be kiting , end therefore severely felt . And the greater and mere signal tbe previous prosperity , the greater often is tbe reaction .

      In s right state of things the relation betirsen supply and demand should be undisturbed , They sbeuld be equal as to labour In tee diffarent dlviiions . Tbe requisite demand should be supplied ; and no greater qaaatlty than is requisite for tiiis be produced . At present , & preponderance ef the supply is frequently discovered enly by the price going down , and thence a tendenoy to or actual decline in wages and profit * . What greater absurdity is imaginable , than for the masters to be ablo to disc iver tbatthtj are over-producing , onl } by the loss they have to sustain from such ovtr-production ! Surely some mode ought to bs known whereby it may bs discovered , to what extent production may bo Bafily carried . The evil , it is odtIous , can only ba remedied by a riizi . t classification cf the labourers ,

      If ever the commercial systtm be rightly constitutedmachinery will then ba of incalculable benefit , by ansitting to p ' . ace aa abundaneo of wealth at the command of all . At present , tbe more machinery supersedes hu . man labour , other tbiegs being equal , the more the supply of It will be greater than the de raaad fer it . An Incalculably grefct powtrit thus made to brlog ab » ut the same itftcr , as tae utmost impotence , i . c , extensive pauperism .

      TOKEIGK TEiDE . If pjrsons belonging to one division of the great commercial community of the world , exchange that kind of produce the labour of which is paid for at a low rate , with tbosa of other dirhion * ia tbs uuna nation , or a foreign country , for that kind &f produce the labour of which is paid for at & higher rate , « -tfcey will give « way their propsrty . The amount so given away being the difference between the reel value of the produce ex changed , though there is no difference whatever aa regards tbe exchangeable value . For whether as relates to different parts of the fame country , or between dlf . fercst n&tioma ; wbatertr the exchangeable value may be , tbe real v » lua must always deptnd en the quantity of lafeour which enters into produce . This , therifore , aloas ought to be regarded ; and * 11 interchange should by it be regulated , as baa before bees intimated , But thi « can never be whilst the land is eDgresseiJ ,

      If , tben , from the anequal supply of labour to the va . rions divisions of the commErcial world , and any ether causes , —Manchester weavers , earaiBjf two shilltoRS per day , send one hundred pounds' worth of tb . 6 ir produoa to Ireland , and receive is return agricultural produce , for tbe production of which Irish labourers have been peid at the rate of only one shilling per day , though the English have stnt a hundred pounds worth of one kind of goo 3 s , and received a hundred pounds' wonfe of another kiad of goods , ( estimating feotb by tbtlr ex . changeabls value , )—the poor Irish , estimating tba goods by the only legitimate standard , tne real Talue , have given exactly double the amount thsy ought .

      And if these Manchester weavers send a hundred pounds' worth of their produce to the Americans of tba United States , snd receive in retura raw cotton , fer the production of which American labour era have been paid at ths rate of four shillings per day , —tfeough th& EQglish have received the full amount of tbe exchangeable value , t ey have received only half tbe r « al value . t-Thm the English have ODly given the Irish half the real value , —whilst they have given the Americans double the real value . If then the latter were to ( X . change produc 9 with the Irish , they { the Americans )

      would only give a quarter of the real value for what they received ,- —thatii tossy , for every hundred pounds they received ia actual , substantial wealth , as good as gold , they would only return twenty-fire pounds to tbe Irish J 'From the chores of the Baltic to the Souther * Ocean , and from tbe continent ! of America to the borders of Chins / says Morgan , ' your ships are ploughing the tttt laden with the oveifl jwlng riches of the empire . Wltli what astonishment will [ foreigners ] hear , that thousands of yeurown citirens are pfrishloj for yrant of * small pittance of tbat wealth , with which you are overwhelming their msrkets . '— ( Eccolt of the Bees )

      rBOFITS . HiSTElS AND SLAVIS—PiODCCESS AMD PLT 7 HCXBXSS . First 1 st ds saj a werd about the landholders . And leok st the posiiioE of one with an income of £ 19 , 000 per year , whom we will call Dive ? . If then , labour in his neighbourhood is so depreciated , as for tbote employed , for example , ie agriculture to get each but £ 25 per year , Dire ! tas a sum eqalraleai io the entire in . come of 400 labourers . Ifea .-hof tbese have only ob « other person dependent on him , we bare 800 pereoas Impoverished , that Dives ID 87 have £ 19 , 000 p * r year . Though if the labomr ef the 409 persons nera rightly as-Boclatei , every ok « of them , aad tha person dependent on him , eight have the utmost plenitude- of wealth , — truly more of all that which is most valuable , than Dives can sow procure with his annual income of £ 10 . 009 .

      The great affair of the dealers in human labour is tfce profit that can be made of it . ' What an outcry has bees maie in this country against that state of slavery pro . moted by tbote who buj and sell tbtlr fellow nsen ! How little is said about tbe productive masters , wbo extsnsively buy and sell the labour of others ; and in so doing ara too often atnoogst tbe principal abettors of a slaverj frequently still more oppressive ! Tie workiBfrD . 'jsysa recent writer , 'do not work for themselves . The workman sells his time , strength , skill , and labour , —all hit ingenuity , p ] l bis cleverness , all his industry , all his health , — to hie maitsr . If be performed a thousand times as much work as fce does , fee would be no better off . The very contrary it proved to be the fsct , For the workirg clarsss have now by tbe aid of machinery , which they tave themselves

      invented , produced tuch an abundance of food , and all kinds of necessaries , that their labeur is no lenger wanted . The more food , clothes , and bouses they produce , the fewer necessaries , comforts , and enjoyments they mutt of themselveB neceestrily posiese . Bnt would this be the case if ( he working classes worked for themselves , and not for others ! Host certainly not . They already produce enough for themselves and all tbe world besides . Therefore if they worked for themselves alone they would be supplied most abuod&atly ; not only with tha necessaries of life , but with all its lumri . s into the bargain . Tbe remedy is in oar hands . Ths remedy is co-e ? EB . ATiojc . At present , in working for others , we get for ourselves only a small part of our work . If in any way we csald work for ounelrci [ without the present mester class ] we should get tbe whole , '—( A ; quoted in Quar . Rev . Nov . 1823 . )

      ' The accumulations of the capitalist or landed proprietor , tre / snys another writer , ' .,,,. the accumulations of the poor man ' s labour . And they are consequently in possession of what is not truly their own . Whenever we search fer the sonrce of wealth , whether ot the necessaries or superfluities of life , it is easily found ia tb « toil * , carej , and ingenuity of tbe labouring poor . Labourers now foaHehlj imtg ^ ne thst tbe wages they get is the fnll reward of their labour . They do net y « t discarer that their master is enriched , not by bts own , bus by their labour . They Bre , however , fast becoming cornissat of

      their rights , and the justice of their claims to a participation of all tha land and wealth of ths country . And what if the labourers sheoli form a lesgoe , to employ oae another , and to work for themselves ? Nothing would be more easy if they were enited , firo , sodiotsl . lijent [ He ] who shall first come forwera , with chsriey and Intelligence , to draw men Into eommtinllUs , a&d dtnoar . ee as wicked , the Individual accumulations oi wealth , and the odinus snd demeralisingcompetition ,... shall do [ much ] for his country and tho world !'— { WatlancCt National Advancement . )

      rsomiT . He who does not g&in what he consumes by his own industry , unduly acquires the property of there . As co ene , wlihsut injustice , can evade his ebare of tbe labours necessary to the general welfare , —so no one that dots duly labour can , without injustice , bo denied all that is essential te bis weil-belng . Every man may therefore be asked , —What portion of tbe annual accuaulation ! b really deserved by you ! How mueh does actually fall to your share ? Every one obtains more than be enght who receives more than he gir *» . Wh » t , then , ma / be said of those , who receive aotbiog bat be&efits , and confer nothing but evil *! If each in enrich : ng himself could do so only by enriching those with whom bo interchanges , plenty would become general . If all stff ; rcd aa any destitution arises , hoir great would be the general anxiety to supersede it !

      An ignurance of man's nature , and a dereliction of the sacred principles of justice , reason , end charity , in building Up the institutions of iWety , ere , tujs Wayland , ' tbe cause of all the euls that afflict humanity . We are all joint tenantB of the earth , 6 eized , as our law books say , ' per my et per tout . ' Tbe all-bsmntiful Creator gave to man dominion over all the earth ( Oenesis 1 . 28 . ) Tbe earth , therefore , an-1 all things therein , are the general property of all mankind And up » n the principles of equal and Impartial JQBlice , tha good things of this world are a comison stock , upon which one righteous man has as valid title es saother The doctrine of the iDJustice of accumulated proptr . y has been tbo foua ^ Btion of » H morality As soon as mankind stall learn to do justice and love mercy , they who are bo « t called the poor and » basea , with tbe cpL theU of lower ' and 'inferior ' orders , will be found in reality to Le the onlj just owners of the l * nd and all besides . They will be acknowledged as tbe true and proptrlerds of the saU . '—lXaUonal Advancement . )

      In nbat ' -ver obscurity some ptreons may find it con-VEnknt to involve commercial operations , in tbelr observations about capital asd credit , it Is abundantly obvleas that all wealth most ever arisa solely from iESOCUTKD LA . B 0 CB acting on the land ; and coniist in the produce thence resulting . To corporeal and intellectual labour we again and agtin say , that all the wealth created must ever of right primarily belcsg-wbatever the present arrangements of society may determine to the contrary . To the legitimate preduetion and diittlbntlon of wealth , c » pitallsts , dealers In credit , and lasdlordB aro now onlj nprijudlw . Iu tb * ksh la which these three word *

      Untitled Article

      are uaderitood , the classes they denote should be wholly superseded . All should become landlords and capital . isti . And thus ors class only would be required . The Many ought no longer to be sacrificed . ' The whole business of tho poor , ' says Barko , ' is to administer to the idleness , folly , and luxury of the rich . And tbat of the rich , in retura , is to find tbe best methods of confirming the slavery ... .. of the poor . Ia a state of nature it Is an invariable law , that & man ' s acquisitions are in proportion to his labours . In a state of artificial socieiy , it is a law as constant and a « inva . riable , that those who labour most esj . y tha fewest things ; and those who labour not at all have the greatest number of enjoyments ! Tbe blindness of one partof mankind [ The Man ;] co-operating with the phrenzy and vlllaDy of the other , [ The Pew ] has been ths real builder of this reepuetable fabric of political society . —( Vindication of Nat . Sot ) _

      It would indeed be one of the greatest of all absurd ! - ties to imagine tbe foTr and the many Bystem mey lawfully exist , that certain miscalled benevolent persona may clumsily eadeavour to remedy the smallest lota of the mighty evil thsnea arising , by the distribution of a petty mm of money . ThU is truly only adding Insult to Injustice . Nothing is more common than to hear ttie number and extent of our pablio charities lauded to tho utmost . Par more becoming would it be for a general lamentation to prevail , that there jb so much destitution and suffering rtquiriEP relief from public chsrity !

      The impossibility of a pew greatly enriching themselvei , but by the saorifioo of the ki » i , evinces that all wealth must lighteoualy ever be the proporty of the indastrious portion of society at large . Frivate property , we therefore consider , In the sease In which it ia at pressnt understood , to be unlawful in the sight sf Heaven , Th » view here taken la supported by Raueaeau , Abbe JlBbly , Btccaria , and others . &P Another series of extracts in next week ' s Stir .

      Untitled Article

      1 . On the connexion letwetn Geology and the Fenta ' teuch . la a Letter to Professor Silliman , liom Thomas Coopbr , M . D . 2 . Cerebral Physiology and Materialism . By W . C . Enoljjdoe , M . D . 3 . An Essay on Mraclts . By David Hume . ¦ i . A Letter to the People of France . By Gscmas Sand . 5 . ' What is a Chartist ? ' Answered . London : J . Watson , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternottsr-row .

      1 . The searching criticism and argumentative reasoning exhibited throughout this work stamps the author a very superior aan . Free inquirers and truth-seekers wi ! i do well 60 make acquaiatance with this publication . For as the author well Bays : ' The times call for full and unlimited freedom of examination in every department of knowledge without exception ; nor ought anj opinion of any kind or description to pass onrrcnt as truth , unless it be founded on such facts and such arguments as will stand the test of minute and accurate investigation before the tribunal ot the public . ' 2 . This is tha report of as address delivered to the Phrenological Association in London , and hos a letter appended from Dr Elliotson , ' n ' Mesmeric Phrenology and Materialism . This pamphlet will be exceedingly interesting te all ? ho have made Phrenology their study .

      8 . A very neat and cheap reprint cf David Efume ' a celebrated essay—a master-piece of clear and unanswerable reasoning , as the foltowing brief cxtraot will testify : — When any one tells me tkat he saw a dead man restored to lite , I immediately consider with myself whether it bo more probablo tbat tbis person should either deceive , or be deceived , or that the fact which ho relates should really have happened , I weigh tba one miracle against the otber ; and acsordiog to the superiority which I discover , I pronounce my decision ^ and alnavi r jiot the greater miracle . If tbe falsehood ef his testimony woald be more miraculous then the event which he relates ; then , and cot till th&n , can he pretend to command my belief or opinion .

      4 . It is a pity that recent events have withered the hopeful aspirations of the eloquent authoress of this address . Madame Dudevant ( better known by her assumed name of George Sand , ) has before this time learned that the merciful magnanimity of the Basses in their hour of victory hasbeen foully abated arad horribl y requited , by the etersal enemies of Labour . This ' letter' bears date the 7 th of March , Ere two months bad elapsed from that date proscription had driven the authoress from Paris . How at tbis time ber heart must be rent by the horrora of which Paris has been the tteatra within the iast few dajs . Let all' philanthropists' reflect that the blood of the people haa flowed in June because the rich conspirators were shielded by Lamartine from the sword ol'justice in February . Behold the fruits of popular' magnanimity' and poetical' moderation . '

      5 . This is a new edition of a well written dialogue lettibg forth tht > principles of the Charter , and answering objection . It may be had at the rate of la . per 100 , or 500 for i ) . Chartist local councHq and csmtmiteea should obtain quantities for distribution .

      Untitled Article

      1 . The Black Book of the British Aristocracy . London : W . Strange . Paternoster Row . 2 . The Elm Booh of the British Manv . factv . rin ; a Companion to the Black Book . By Squire Adit , London : Parry and Co , 32 , Leadenball-street . 1 . We earnestly recommend tbia little book to oui readers . Besides exposing the monstrous jobberies and robberies perpetrated by the aristocracy at the expense of the people ; the ' IiJaok Book ^ aleo contains much valuable information as regards the corrupt constitution of the llouie of Commons , ' of great value at the present mome&t . The show ^ up of the aristociatic locusts and noble pauperay exhibiting their pensions and piui . daricga , ia adruirab ] e . Burke spoke of monarchy as' thechaap defcncooi nations . I hanks to such publications as the 'Black Book , ' the'Swinish Multitude' are no longer ' tha'dupes oi such unprincip led distorters of the truth , ' as was the ' sublime and beautiful' pensioned apostate . The cheapness of the present excellent system , may be ssen at a dance in the following extract : —

      COST OF THE EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENTS OP ENGLAND AND AMERICA . The following list exhibits , at a glance , the price we pay for biing governed on tbe Royal and Aristocratic system , as compared with another people across the Atlantic , who have s common sense way of choosing their own governors : — SALIBIIS or THE BBITISH SALARIES OP TBE AIIEEI-1 XECOTJVE , CAW EXECDHVE , Queen , RojbI Family , £ President of the £ and AppuitenanceB 771 , 165 Uulttd StateB ... 5 , 250

      cabihst . v ice-Pre « i < 5 ent 1 , 052 lit Lord of Treasury ,., 5 , 000 Secretary of State ... 1 , 825 Chancel , of Excheq ... 5 , 080 Secretary of War ... 1 , Homo Secretary ... 5 . 009 Secretary of the ForeigB Secretary „ . 5 , 000 Navy 1 , Colonial Secretary ... 5 , 000 Postmaster General 1 , 825 Secretary at War ... 2 , 480 Astorney-Gsneral ,.. 911 1 st Lord of Admiralty 4 , 500 Secretary to the Ss-Lord Chancellor ( includ . nate 318 in ? ialary as Speaker Comnmeiou of Pa-

      Of the Homeof Lords 14 , 000 tents 918 Lord Pres . of Council ... 2 , 000 Paymaster General 526 Lord Privy Seal ... 2 , 000 We have here re-Coancellor of tha Duchy duced the amounts of Lancaster ... 4 , 090 as paid in dollars Cbf . CotBmiision ? r into pounds ster-Woods & Forest 9 ... 2 , 800 ling , to show the President of the Board cintrflBt mars forof Trade 2 . 000 elbly ; end from the Postmaiter-Gtneral ... , 600 summary it Bp-Preiiaent of ths Board pears tbat the eaof Control 3 . 50 O lary which our Kitrt 5 TEBiA £ ArroinTMENTS . Aristocratic gc ~ Tbree Junior Ljrdi of vsrnment pay » to the Treasury , £ 1 , 200 tho Lord LieuteeaCh 3 . C 09 nant of Ireland Two Joint Secretaries alone , exceeds that to Treasury , £ 2 , 500 of tha entire ExecBeac jj , 5 , 000 tira Government First Uuder-Secretftry of the United to Home DayBrment 2 , 000 States ; thai the Second do . do . 1 , 500 Secretary for Ire-Tw » Uuder-Secretaries . ' and Is paid a » o Foreign Depart . higher salary than ment , £ 1 , 508 each ... 3 , 000 tbat of tbe Chief FirstUnder-Secretary Governor of that to Colonial Depart- Great Republic ; ment 2 , 000 and that our Un-2 ad Under-Secrettry to der-Sccretaries of Colonial Department 1 , 500 State gobble up 1 st Jan . Commissioner among them a sum Vfcoit and Forests 1 , 459 vrhicb , en the Second do . do . 1 , 300 other side of the FonrJun . Lords Admir . Atlantic , is found elty £ 1 , 090 each ... 4 , 600 sufficient for the l » t Secretary to do . ... 2 , 000 comfortBblo go-Seoond do . io . 1 . 500 vornment of Two Secretaries to 17 , 000 . 003 of civi-Board of Control , Used nun !' £ 1 , 500 each .. s . o 00 Assistant Secretary do 1 , 200 Yice-President ol Board of Trade , and Master tithe Mint 2 , ooo Paymaster Central ... , Comman ^ er-in-Chief ... 3 , D puty-Siuretary at NVar 2 , 000 Judge Advocate Gjn ... 2 , 000 Master Gtn . o . " Ordnance 3 , 000 Surveyor Gen ^ of do ... 1 . 200 Seeretery to the Board 1 , 400 Clerk of Ordnance ... 1 , 200 Storekeeper fcf do ... 1 , 200 IRELAND . Lord Liautenant ... 20 , 000 Lord Chancellor .. 8 , 000 Chief Secre tary ... 5 , £ 921 453 £ 16 , 885 fl g ^ gj JUgggfl S | friTm ' i ! iliTH' ^ rr

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      But the contrast doei not end hero ! Our governors contrive to create placet , post * , end einoouro officeB , In . to which they contrive to stuff their sons , brothers , halfcoueinfl , toadlco , friends , and political supportersall ot tho public cost . There is no end to the secretary , ship * and comwiwionershiiiB which they have con . trived for this purpose : every poor , almest without ex . ception , has , tbroogh his relations , taken a dob at the pnblic purse bj turns . We should like to extract the accmini ot the coit of the ' War Mod , ' but cannot afford jrooro . Wo trust that . thia exposure of aristocratic faooality will have a wide escalation .

      2 . The author of tbe ' Blue Book' complains that the * Bl ick Book' only unfolds part of the _ black system , saving nothing about the money received out of the public taxes by Roman Catholics , Protestant Dissenters , and batches of commiaeioners , he bas therefore writ : en tho * him Buok' to wake up t bia deficiency . Mr Auiy ia an Oaatlerite Tory , and , of oaarae , a great Bti kler for the Established church : and , in hia zeal for that church he show 3 up the pickings out of the public taxes sacked by Roman Catholics

      and dissenters in the shape of Parliamentary Grants , &o . Mr Am ? also insists that tho aristocracy are not the only plunderers of tbe people ; the manufacturers must take their share of responsibility for the prevailing destitution . Very good . He proceeds to expose the reiuctiona of wages , and the cruelties of tbe Factory system by which the msnufaGturera have obtained their wealth . lie huowb thai within the laBt fifty years the wagea ol hand-loom weavers have fallen from 263 . to 5 i . 6 d . a week ; and the wages of spinners have fallen more than one-half . On the subject of machinery our author says ; -

      Although Cob dan bag deoUred in the House of Com . mone , that machinery c « vtr throw tbe working classes out of tmployment , yet , it ia a well-know a fact , tbat thouinnds in this town , ( Bradford ) , are Buffering th « prlvatieas of destitution and distress , on that account , and no other . It is the duty , then , of tbe manufac turers , nho have been the main instruments la this par . tluiilir of destroying manunl labour , tonwfce provisions at once for tho iojured party . To aoeompliah this , we contend tbat they can do nothing better than agitato the question of allotting the working men on the land .

      Although not eo wall got tip aa the ' Black Book . ' the 'Blue Book ' contains a good many facts which should be known ; in spite , therefore , of Mr Aim ' s rather ridiculous Toryism , and denunciations of 'impudent democrat ^ , ' ffe shall take the liberty to recommend No . 2 of these b : oks aa a companion to No . 1 . When' tho working man-has road both , and rcflacts upon the doinga of both aristocrats and millet * cratf , he will be forced tor the conclusion we long ago arrived at— ' Tantararars . rozaes all !'

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      PERIODICALS , 1 . The lieasoner . Parts : 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 London J . Watson , Queen ' s Head-pasisage , Paternoster

      row . 2 . The Republican . No . 9 . Wat-ion . 3 . The People ' s Press . No . 19 . Watson . 4 . The Family Herald . Part C 2 . London : G . Biggs , 421 , Strand . 5 . The People . Nou . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . J . Barker , Wortley , near Leeds . C . The Warwickshire Halfpenny Patriot Jt Rainbow , 3 Court , Ebsc-x street , Birmingham ; and Watson , London . The Jieasoner has , we perceive , completed a fourth volume , and commenced the fifth , under promising auspicea . We wero startled at finding in No . 103 an article headed , ' Felonious Speaking , ' written by Mr Collet , avowedly for the purpose of trying how far the Gagging Law might be violated with impunity . The editor heralds the article an ' a bold comment , ' 1 of some public iutyortanea . ' Of course , after such an introduction , wa expected a terriblo specimen of

      Mr Collet ' s courage , but'blessed are they who ex pect nothing . ' Mr C . 'e heroism is all bosh , lie lauds the Queen and abuaea the National Charter Association , and all he sava about Republicanism amounts to something very like twaddle . For a ' felonioua ' writer we never read a' woruer . ' The general contents of the' Rtaionev' embrace subjects the dig . cussion of which , would be out of placo in a newspaper ; it is , therefore , sufficient that we do justice to Mr Holyoake ' s spirit of' fair play , ' as Bhown by hia treatment of theological opponents . In this respect the 'Jieasoner' exhibits itself worthy of the name it bears . Po'itieally the ' lieasoner' is , to our thinking , decidedly ' slow . ' But everything after its kind is a law of nature , and it would be unreasonable to expeot' the inildeat-mannered maa' in the rauka of public disputants , to ' go a-head' after the fashion that pleases as . We give the following extract from No . 97 :-

      UOWFB 4 NCEBECAMS A HEPtlBLIC . The joursaU have Btoted that tho Republics was pro claimed in tho Chamber of D ^ putiet on the 21 th of February , but not boiv it happened . Tho Pupulaire , of March 28 tb , contains an interosting statement signed Melcbiob Gpibeut , National Guard , and foreman of the manufactory of waterproof subotanoes of Baudoln brothers . He relates that on February 24 th he repaired to tbe Chamber of Deputies , accompanied by five er six National Guards , two flag bearera , and seventy or eighty armed cltizena . They traversed strong bodits of troops wilhout opposition—arrived at the Chamber , twelve or fifteen forced tho outer doors ; Gdibeitalone arrived at tbe inner entrance , where-the guards wantea to stop him but he presented his bayonet and threatened

      to flro , pushed on , and found himsolf in tho midst of the Deputies , accompanied only by an ensign , He cried ; Gentlemen , you are no loDgor Deputies ; we are masters . ' The Regency was alrt ady grimed to the Duchees ef Orleans ., with Thiers and Birrot . He was excessively exoited and his looks so threatening , tbat nobody dared to interfere . Her . mained thus , guncocked and read ; to fire , for five or sis minutes , whin fourteen or fifteen of hia companions rushed In . Ledru Rollin was then able to protest ng&iiut the Regency , and Lamartine to obtain a hearing . Then the rest of tho column , stoppad at the entrance , forced a passugo and rushed in tumultnously . Tbe Duohsse and ber children , tho Duke ot Nemours , and the Deputies fled , and the Provisional Government was tben named amidst cms ot ' Vivo la

      Itjpublique ! ' They wtro then conducted to the Hotl do Tille , Lamartiao was so exbauited by emotion tbat he was near fainting , and forced to stop on tbe way to take some wine . . The writer continues : ' This march into the Chamber produotd immense results , and : o tbat alono is owlog the Republican form aud tbe Provisional Government ; for , a quarter of an hour later , the Council of Regency would have been proclaimed in all the legions of tbe National Guards , who would wllling i y have rallied round it , and their influence WuUlJ have calmed tbe public mind , and caused the acceptances of the royalty of the Comto de Paris , tho Regency of the Duchess of Orleans , and the ministry of liners aad O . Birrot , Thus our bald march through the numerous troop * , and our entrance in ths Chamber , changed the faoB of events . T . W . T ,

      Amongst the most recent articles from the pen of Mr Holyoake , we single out , as the most worthy oi commendation , the ' Moral Remains of tho Bible / and ' Rudiments oi Rhetoric '

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      Democracy and its Mission . —Translated from the French of M . Guizjt . London : E . Wilson , Koyal Exchange . A clever string of sophisms to prove tbe worse the better reason ; every way worthy of tbe prostituted intellect of the Man ofGhont . ' In 1837 . blllZrt , being then out oi tffise , published the article ti which we hive hero a translation in the Jwue Urancaisc- The article ia a review of two woi . k * written to abow that the structure of modem BOCii'ty in trance ia Democratic . Oae autbor said that the tendency of this democracy was towards a Constitutional Monarchy ; the other that its mission was to establish a Republic Tho following extract from tbe ' prefatory notice' fairly indioatea tha ohanwter of Uujz / Tb 1 ratio wV

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      Ia his critique , which is an exposition of hie own view * , Gmaot sides with the onU-RepubUoan writer . He oondemES . the war wagea by the manyi occupyinp the lo < v « r raoks , ogaiast the few plawd ovnr them ;' -bo denonnooo tho personal soveroi gnty exercised by men over themoelvcs ; -he declares that the sovereignty of the people is a tyranny ;'_ h 0 itmj ghs against ' the Utt « Vfialty , bolk theoretically and practicolly , of the soverelgaty cf the many , and 3 nivetBal Suffrage ; *¦ — he incuice' . OB the doctrine that man who aspire to libesty , sliouli submit , above all things , to the actual govern , ment uader which they live ;« = iin short , M . Gulsot « bdeavouj'ed to show , that Buob . a government as liouis Pnillppa would have was' wiseat , virtuouseot , diacrsetert , best . '

      1 We can , ' says the editor veadily imagin * Lows PuifciypB reading thisarf ic ! e embady ing his own . views of absolutism , and , at the conclusion drawing from a secret drawer that celebrated book , bound in red morooco , lettered 'MY MEN *( Hmmfs& Moiy whion , in the hurry of tbe flight , he left behind himat the Tuileries . We can imagine the ' every-man-has-hisprice . ' chuckle with which he inscribed the name of Francis Peter William Gujzot in that record of attained and attainable men . ' In the following passage Gujzar unwittingly predicted his own rum , in describing the natural downfall of a rotten system : — Political rights and privileges have boen eiclusirely concentrated ia the hands of a smell number . This ceucentratlon no longer appears justifiable , upon tbe plea of superiority either in lichoB , influence , intelligence , or mofal aad social atrotigth . Tbe multituda rises , and escJsimo , lat us count our numbers ; wo aro all equal ; let the power belong to tbe many .

      Ibe ancient edifioe yields to the vigour of their attacks , and falls to the ground . ThU Is a fearful , hut under the decrees of Providence , b , predestined work . When tbe ancient edifice becomee contracted , Inconvenient , uninhabitable , ruinous , riefindtd only by a coruB of invalids , its fall i » Inevitable ; and tbe battsring-ram , the sap and tbe mine , detach it from the soil with a force that threatens even toe soil itBelf . Aa a specimon of tho misdirected ability of King SMim ' s unscrupulous man of all work , this pamphlet is worthy the attention of the curious .

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      Publications Rscbhed . —Tali ' s Magazine t and the Ethnological Journal for July ; Carpenter ' s Peerage / or the People ; Sketches of the Queen ' s Household ; England an Oligarchy ; The Childhood of Mary Leeion .

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      CREMORNE GARDENS . The weather on Monday and Tuesday was rather unpropitious for this delightful place of amusement . We are happy to state that tha aquatic sports have been fjreatly improved since we last saw them : the wrestling on the raft by genuine Devonians and Cormstmen was excellent . Their wrestling , if not so showy , to'd the practised eye at once that they knew the seoretsof the manly sport . The first pair of light weights , after a brief bout decided their fortune , When Oiver and a stalwart Corniihman caught cellar and elbow for the turn . These pair of heavy ones

      excited great interest . After several attempts at tbe oroas heavo , Olver got his man close to the edge of the floating-raff , but in lifting his ponderous adversary , tbe platform , depressed by their united weight , canted , and although he flung his opponent floundering into the deep water , he himself went overboard amid the laughter of ! , he spectators . Tbe tournamont , both in its men and materiel , has also advanced . Half a doz-n stalwart life-Kuardemen , in heroic coBtume , did tbe knightly businees with apear and glaive , ia charge , and in hand to hand encounter . The concert , the acrobats , the vocaliatB , tho ballet , and tho pyrotechnics , have too often been noticed and lauded to rrq'lire , praise or description .

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      ' We ciM the choicest . ' PINWNO OP IHB B ) Dr OP HAROLD . ( From Sir E . B . Lytton ' a Harold , tho last of tht Saxon King * ) 1 , ' said Bd Graville , 'how » earyon Ios « Iy woman hath como to tho tent of the Duke—j ta , to thy foot eC thiiholj gonfonen , which supplanted' cbe fighting man . ' Pardex , ray heart bleeds to ueo her striving to lift op the hoavy dead !' Tbe monki oearod the spot , and ( hgood exclaimed in a voice almost joyful—1 It ii Edith ihe Fair ! This way , tho torches ! hither quick !'

      The corpses bad betn flung : in irreverent haste from either side of the gont ' anou to mak « roon fer the banner of tho conquiBt , and the pavilion of the feast . Huddled together , they lay in that holy bod . And the woman silently , and by the help of no light cave tbe moon , wai Intent ob her » earch . She waived her band Impatiently as they approached , as if Jealous of tha dead : bat as nhs had not jougbt , so neither did she oppose , their aid . Moaning low to herself , » he dtsisted from her task , » nd knelt watshing them , and ibuking her head mournfully , as thej removed helm niter h » lm , and lowered tho torches upoa Mom aad livid brow * . At length the llghU fell red and fail on the ghastly face of Hsco— proud and sad as in life . De Graville uttered on txclatnat ' . en ; ' The K ' . ng ' a nephew ; be lure the King is near !' A shudder tvsnt over tho woman ' * form , and tberocusn . in ; ceased .

      They unhelmed another corpse ; and the monk * and the knight , aftar oue glancs . turned away aiclmned and awe . atrickeu at ths sight ; for ( he face vns 911 defeatured and mangled with woundi ; end nought could they recognise save the ravaged majesty of what had been man . But at the eight of that face a wild BhtUk broki from Edith ' s heart . Sho started to her feet—pat aside tbe monk * with a wild and angr ; geBture , and bending < m r the face , sought with her long hair to wipe from it the clottod blood ; thea with convulsive fing « ri sbe strove to loosen the buckler of tbe bres . jt . mau " . The knight knelt to aitist her . ' N » , no , ' tha gaepod out . ' He is mino—mine now '

      Her hsnds bled si the mail gave nay to bit effort ]; the tunic beneath vr as all dabMed with blood . Sherent th » folds , and on the breast , just * bovo ths silenced heart , were punctured , in tbe old Saxon letters , the word 'Edith ; ' and just below , in characters more frosh , the word ' Enohmd . ' ' See , aeo ! ' she cried in piercing accents ; and clasping tbe dead in her arms , rhe kissed tbo lipe , and called aloud , in words of the tendereis tndeatnuntg , as if a ^ B addressed tbe living . AU there Anew that ( be cyta o love had r « cogniaed the dead . - ' Wed , wed , ' murmured tbe betrothed ; ' trod at last ! 0 Harold , Harold ! the Fates wero true and kind ; ' aad laying her koad gently on ths breaat of tha dead , she smiled and died .

      QUIIZICili qUHSTITOS , If lOd . make a Frank , How many will make an Arab ? If ICi . make a Low ' s d ' or how many will make a Louis Philippe ? II 5 i yarda make a perch , how many will make a roach ? If 120 threads make a cot , how many will close it ? If 70 yards of canvas will make a eaii , how many will make a sailor ? A Request Akswbrkd —A person advertised ' A boy wanted . ' Some one kit at his door au infant , in a bandbox , with this inscription , 'floor will this answer V Public PiuNDEn . —Tbe Duke of Wellington has received from tbe time he entered the public service up to the present , the enormeus sum oi' £ 1 , 800 . 000 sterling from tbe public crib .

      Proof of Masriaob —A witness being asked how he knew that that man snd woman were husband and wile , replied , ' because bo had ofiea heard tna lady blow tho gentleman Dp . ' The evidence was heid to be conclusive .

      HAT HOMAGE . I cannet with a graco , Biweven to a k n » , Ddck'd with tha pomp of place—A silly actptrod thing . While eager thousands throng To worship at its feet , Ionljr smile , and pass along , Bat diff i . uhauuU . Fools wbo are willing tnpy ; / cannot Htoop—that ' s flit ; To idol forms of clay I'll saver doff mj bat , I bow not to tbe Priest— ' I incenso Hot his ahrino ; Sly only hopo ia Christ

      My creed tho Book Divine . The tlthe-gorg'd Hog ! : o him I psy ao willing iee ; Bio f jrm might be starvation s'itn For all b&'d gst from me . I 11 t treat a his ready hell In vain—to hiu ( that ' s fl it ) , Tho surplk'd Infidel , I ' ll never drffmy bBt . The rich , the groat , ths gay , Wtio roll a ! on $ our 8 treet , In luiurj ' a 6 rr » jr , I bow not when I meet : When every head is down , And every , bonnet ' s di . fi"d , 2 fix my bat , and ( ought u tuno , And lift my poll aloft .

      Sot half so fioft my skin , Kor sides so slteU and fat ; Thu ptuffV so good within ; I ' ll never doff my bat . Tail ' s Magazine . Tub Toiling Millions . — 'Fancy , ' says Thomas Cariyla in hia ' French Revolution , — ' Fancy . » aya he , ' some fire full-grown millions of gaunt figures , with their haggard faces , starting up to ask , as in forest roariuga , their waahed upi-ar classes , after lone unreviewed centuries , virtually this question

      ' How have ye treated us—how have ye tnn ^ ht ne , fed us and led us , while we toiled for you V Tha answer can ba rend in ii uses over the nightly summer sky . ' Thu is the feeding and leading wo have hsd of you : Emptir \ m—of pooker , of stomach , of head and heart . Behold there is nothing in tw—nothing bat what nature gives her wild children «< f the desert—ferocity aud appetite , Btren ^ tn grounded on hunger . Did ye mark among your R'gbts of Man , that man was cot to die ot t , tarratiou while mere was bread reaped by him ? It is among tho R'gbfs oi Man .

      Reigning and Mizzling . —Louis Philippe lef&hU umbrella at Paris ; We aupposa tint ha had no use for it when tho reign wau over . ExcaixENT . —A military critic in one of tho New York journals , blames a coraaiandiu ? officer for ab ' sence of presence of mind .. Very 'Jbuk —A conceited traveller fce og asked if be had seen the ' Bridge of Signs' at Venice , replied that 'there was no bridga of any tizj in tha whole city . ' Hot and Cold . —All bittora have a heatm ? tendency or effect , madam / said a doccor to » I * ' / . ' You will except ft bitter cold merning , won ' t you doctor V replied the lady .

      Right or Rksistancb . —Wherever law end ? , tyrflDny begins . If the law be transgressed to another's harm , snd whosoever in authority exceeds the power given him by law , and makes uee the force under hia command to oompassthat upon tbe-subject which the law allows not , lie ceases in that tt > ba 0 . magistrate ; 8 nd , acting without authority , may be ouposed as any other map , who by fone invade the right of another —Locke ' s Treatise on Government . Sbksible Remark by a Whig!—' Every man who is a pure democrat may explain why he is so : but every man who is not so , should bo i q tally frank in txplaiuing whj ha is p . ot . h is time t « r evvry one to be roady to si ™ » reason for the faith' 'bat is in him ; ' and if he haa no reason against Oh rti-ni , lot him subscribe to tbe Charter . '— Olobe , January 23 ,

      1341 . Irukugion op MoNARcns . —Of all kind of men , God i » the least beholden untohin ^ s ; lor ho doth moat fjrthem . and tbe ) do ordinarily least for him . —Lord Bacon ' s Essays . Aa Honest Jvdoe on tbs Lidkhtx of jus Sinjeci . —The Kuavda-rWbat guards ? what or whom does the law understand or allow to bathe Miig ' a &uard * , for the preservation ot his person ? Whom shall tho court that tiied tho noblo lord ( Russell ) , whom Bhall the judges of tho law thai were then present and upon their oaths—whom tliali [ JieyjuJgo er legally understand by these guards ?—they . never read of them in all their , law books . There u not anv statute-law that ruakes iue least mention ot any

      guards . Tbo ! a < v of England takes no notice of any such guards : and therefore the indictment ia uncertain and void . Thu kin ? ia guaMid by thonpeciul protection of Almighty Gad , by whom uw reignn , and whose vice-gerent ba is . lie busau innv . ble guard , a guard of glorious asgelH . Tie him ii guarded by the love ot his subjects , tie Q « xt under Gud and the surest Kua ^ l' »« Ue ia guarded by the law and tbeourts of justice . Tne militu aad tbe trained bands are hi * le ^ al guards , aid the whole kingdom ' s guards . The vury judgea that tried ibis iwblo lord were tbe king ' s aunrds and tbe kingdom ' s

      guards ; anu tho l . ord . Russell's guard—ayninst all erroneous and irapert ' ei- 't itdiotmeuU , from a . l labe evidence and utouf , from ah stains ol « it and Oratory Bisapuiied and abusi-d by counsel . NVbal other euwds are there ? We know ot no Lw for more—Kins Hear * VU . of this kJDgdi Bl , mi hnttny teito us , waa tbe first that sot upthe baud of peDaionere , since this , the ytoman ol tie pard . hmco tl » r , lertain armed bauds , ( oommonly uow-a-days after he F ?« m-hnwdo culled tbe binu ' d IJft-g « vd *)» £ about , aid appearing with naked swpjtd ? , to tto terror ofthe nation ; -but whers is tie Uw , when . » So authority forthem 1-Sir SOert Aikm , *** Chief Baron , far / famwrtry and Mitml W * 1000 .

      —^—I ^ Oetrg*

      —^—i ^ oetrg *

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      Rational ^Soctatfon Ot Miiwh Cratre0,

      Rational ^ soctatfon ot miiWH Cratre 0 ,

      Jacte Anu Jranrtt^

      jacte anu jranrtt ^

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      1 Knowledge is Power—Union is Strength . ' From all parls of the country we have the most indisputable evidence of the unshaken fidelity of the trades of England and Scotland in the movement , which has for its object the liberation of the sons of Labour from the unmeasured and extortionate pretensions of that pitiful and contemptible section of small capitalists , whose delight , nay , whose religion , appears to consist in devising cunningly con ' trived schemes for enriching themselves by the most

      heartless encroachments upon the wages of their hands . It k against this noxious fraction of an important class , and not against the capitalists , as a class , that the National Association wages an uncompromising warfare . We subscribe without reservation , to the axiom , ' That the possession of rights involves the performance of duties . ' But we shall always contend that this axiom must be universal in its application . It applies to the wealthiest capitalist in an equal degree as to the humblest labourer , and that any attempt to filch from the labourer ' s scanty wages by fines , arbitrary abatements , forced contributions for religious or political

      purposes , or by the detestable system of truck , are bass and dishonourable violations of this sound philoso ' phical maxim . The Central Committee of the National Association for Laljour , while claiming the social rights for Labour , never have , and never will , knowingly sanction , on the part o ( the members a violation of their duties as labourers . But when they find attempts made to deprive them of that freedom of action , which the laws of the country admit as rightfully appertaining to tbe working man , they would be guilty of a grave dereliction of their duty were they to ' hesitate in making ample use of every power at their command , to expose the dark and dirty proceedings of such as

      would lift themselves into opulence and position , by trampling upon the rights of the helpless beings whom chance , and not demerit , has placed within their power . And in thus exercising the important trust delegated to them , tliey feel assured they sball at all times have with them the sympathies and active support of the good and reflecting portion of all classes , including the honourable portion of the capitalists themselves . We have been led into these remarks in consequence of a letter which appears in the last week ' s Star , headed , ' Reply to alleged Tyranny at RippomJen , ' and sign d by James Parson and eleven others , refuting certain allegations , published under the authority of this Committee , in the Star of the 10 th of June .

      The facts stated in that article we have on the most indisputable testimony ; and further , that from our own agent sent there to inquire into the case , we are informed that the facts as there stated are substantially correct , and we are moreover informed , and can prove , that the parties or some of them , whose names appear appended to the letter in the last Star , have been coerced into giving their signature under penalty of immediate diseharge upon refusal , nay , we assert that Joseph Atkinson did refuse , and was discharged forthwith .

      This Committee will not , of course , condescend to bandy arguments with Messrs Parson and fpllows , who , by their truckling conduct , have placed themselves without the pale of honest fellowship . Suffice it to say , the facts are as they have been stated , and are notorious in llipponden . We shall for the present conclude our remarks upon this most disgraceful job , by propounding the following questions , which probably some persons iu Uipponden may favour us with answers to : — 1 st . Did James Parson and the others whose names appear to the letter , ever subscribe as members to the Na . ional Ass-. ciation ; and was it at the request of their employer they ceased so to subscribe ?

      2 nd . Have these parties , upon condition they are employed , promised , or signed an agreement to the effect , not again to belong to any Association of this description ? 3 . Do or do not Messrs Whitley and Sons supply candles to their hands to work by in the winter , and charge 7 d per lb . for the said candles , when they can lie purchased in the village for C * d ? 4 . Is there not an individual now in the employ of this firm , who possessing a freehold house of his own , was compelled to take a house of his employer , at a rent of £ 8 15 s , when houses in the neighbourhood of similar description are let for rents varying from £ i to £ 5 ?

      With reference to tbe trucking , Messis Whitley were notchaiged with directly violating the laws , we believe them too cautious for that . But we ask ' J . T . Tlioruas , ' if he can inform us whether there are not two shop in th

      It is barely an evasion , it is almost au open violation of the Truek Act , and ought to be , and is deservedly exposed with a view only of putting a stop to such mean and nefarious proceedings ; and we apprehend the disclaimer of Messrs Pardon and Co ., leaves the case preciselyXthe same position , as we originally stated

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      2 . — ' Why are the People denied the Suffrage V is the title of a well-written article . The other contents ef this m mth ' a Republican are on Universal Suffrage , ' the ' Distribution of Electoral Power / 'Taxation ; ' a biographical sketch of Major Cartwright , and & dissection of Disraeli , ' the Man of Tradition . '

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      4 . —This Part of tha Family Herald contains facts and fancies , romances and anecdotes , and pastime in prose and poatry—generally iuteroating . We must except a page ot stupid rhyme , entitled 1 The Weathercock Nation t . f Brothers , ' Sad trash .

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      5 . —This publication in , in its tone , the very opposite to the Ueasunbr , jet not deficient in reiseon either . Mr Barker ia a sort of mom force Mitchel , but , although he eschews the om ploy ment of arms , we will net promise him freedom Irem persecution , lie tells too muoh truth , aud expresses that truth in language too plain and striking to bo long tolerated by the possessors of power . Mr Barker writea with a tomahawk , aed auch writing is necessary to bring down the foul croatures of corruption and usurpation . The Fkoplk cannot fail to command a large sale wherever it has once been seen .

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      6 , The name of this publication ia badly chosen . 1 The Halfpenny Patriot' is suggestive of a sneer , ou the part ot the enemies of all patriotism ; »» d their snetwwhen founded upon tbe errora of patriots are not harmless . The ' PairioC announoea iteeit a ' Complete Suffrage Advocate . ' Tne writers belong to the tame school of half-Ohartiata . They must get above the ' bated breath and bondsman s Key Btyle , if they would win success .

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      3 . _ W e suggest that something like consistency ot tone would considerably improvo tho People ' s pRssa . A t page eighty-nine it ia Baid that' the 10 th of April has left GkariiBoi stronger in ths nation than before ; ' whilst at page ninety-sis , we see the National Petition , the Keanington Common meeting , and Mr O'Uennor , ridiculed , enetred at , and misrepresented .

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      July 8 , 1848 . -.. .. .-... .. ________ ^ ? HE NORTHERN STAR . _________ 3

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 8, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1478/page/3/