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      Untitled Article

      BDBIAL OP WILLIAM THE COXQTJEBOE , AT CAEK IN XORMANDY , 10 S 7 . f > rrstoK rox lind-xobbeh J ViEtliK th « Conqueror founded the Church of St Stephen , and took perforce without remanetstioa , the MOMtral farm of 6 psatant , the father of one 'Ascelins FiU-At&or , who felt to deeply wronged by tha b *» e con . jsct of his king thst he took advantage of this solemn doculon , though at the perU of his life , to satiate his long-trarsed' revenge and bl * st the conqueror ' * greet case . At ' tis hoof appointed for the burial be ita . Honed himself at tha grate of the k ! ng , amid the retinas of mourning princes , Nornaa prelmtei , and a multitude Of clergy and lsiij . Says Liagard , the historian , ' the Ban saS been performed , thecorpsa ires placed upon a bier , snd the Birtop Brerenz bad pronounced a fane gyric on the -deceased , when & roioe exclaimed , ' Hs

      Whom you hate' praised U a robber I The very land on ^ rhich joa itsad U mine . By vioU&oe . he wrested it from my «!« , and la the name of God I forbid jon to bury himin It . ' The speaker was Pi « r-Arthar , who h « d Often , but fruitiest !* , so ' oght reparation from the justice of WUlka . Afimf tome debate , the eonselsnee-stricken { trebles called him to them , paid him sixty shillings far fcUgroand , and promised he should recrtva the full Talne of his land , f he ceremosy then continued , the body of tae king was deposited in ¦ cefid of stone , ' The cireomstanee w&& Eeizsd upon by Mm Hemans , and Terrified with her characteristic force , truthfulness and beauty . The sentiments will meet a response from the imaged millions whohaTe been robbed of their birtheifnt to the toil . XiowIt « p » n fcis bier .

      The royalcanqueror lay ; Baron and chief stood near , " Silent In war array , Down the long minster's aisle Crowds mutely , gsiiag ttream'd , Altar in& tomb'the while Through sisttof iaeenie gleamed , And by the torches' bl « ze , Tbe itatelj prtrit bad said HIrq words of power tod . praiw To the flory of the deii . They lo w ' red him with the sound Ofreqnismitorepoie ; When ' lKini the throng arannd - "A aohrna voice arose : — « Forbear!—Forbear' ! ' it crie ^ ' In the nolitit namB , forbpw ; He hath eonq ' asr'd regions wide , Bat he shall not sluibsr there !

      • Bj tho ' vlniitea" hetrta Which aide way for yen prand shrine , By the harvest wfeich this earth Ha * born » for me and stn » . * By the hoase . e ' en hero o ' erthrowa On my brethren ' s native spot ; Henca with his dark renown , :. © amber eur birthplaes not . ' Will ny tire's unraceom'd field , O ' er which your censeri wars , To the baried spoiler yield Soft slumber * in the grars ! ' Tins tree before him fall

      'Which we chtriih'd many a year . Bat itf deep" root yet shall swell , And heare against his bier . Tfce letuS thst I heTe till'd , Hith jet tts brooding breast With my home ' s white ashes fill'd ; And it shall not give him rest ! « Esch pillar ' s mtuy bed Hath been wet with weeping eyes . Away ! bestow your dead Where no wrob ' ^ ag ainst him criei , ' Shame glowed in , e&cn dsrk face , Of thaw proud and steel-girt men , An 4 they bought with gold a placo for their Ut 3 ti ' s Cut o ' eatlien . Alittlaesrtkforhloi

      IThoM banner fieir so far , Aad speajant ' t tale conld dim "Ths w « e—» ' i »« ttoa '»« t « l Ons deep voice thai tross From % he&rtwhlch wrongs hid drives : Ob . who stall number those That were but heard in heaven t

      • '. Hefifefosi

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      Untitled Article

      THE RIGHT OF PUBLIC MEETING—A LETTER ADDRESSED ( BEFORE SENTENCE ) TO LORD CHIEF JUSTICE SIR THOMAS WILDE , BY ERNEST JONES . In leaving Iris defence ' "Wr Mr Sergeant Wilkins , Mr / ones actetf in accordance with thq advice q { iii friends , who , of course , advised with the best , intentions . Had he rejected that advice ind defended himself , there can he no doubt ihat the seventh of his seuteace . trould have been imputed to iii 'imprudence' in not cbmrmtting his case to the more cautious advocacy ef a gentleman in a wig . But it must now'fee evident to everybody that no

      * mount of legal talent and eloquence could possibly Lave wrong a verdict of acquittal froni the prejudiced jury ; it fe , therefore , te be regretted that Mr Jones tort the opportunity of speaking the contents of this gjmphlet . We concur in the praise universally and justly awarded tp Mr Sergeant Wilkins for Ms admirable speech ; hut we were grieved to witnpss our persecuted friend , Ernest Jones , speaking on suffer-« ace for only a few minutes , and repeatedly aud di 8 - grioefull y interrupted ; whereas , he might have spoken , % right , a * many hours as ( on the occasion of being brought up for sentence ) he did minutes , bsd he defended himself ; and his punishment could not hare been more severe- When Chartists are

      • arraigned in a court of law , they are conaemned and sentenced for their principles , and lawyers , however able , cannot save them . Middle-class juries ¦ enter the jury-box witb the pre-determination to convict . The condemnation : of the defendants is as certain as if they- were tried by a court-martial . The pamphlet under notice is & manly , able , and eloquent defence of the . right of Public Meeting , tnd an admirable repl y to the slavish doctrines and calumnious statements of the Attorney-General . As the entire' Letter' may be had for two-pence v ? e shall restrict ourselves to a brief extract from the concluding portion thereof . —

      I repeat , thea , mj lord , it is prgudlee that has con-¦ ricted me ^ Had the jiiry known these t « bs Hay Tiews , — toeyneTer Would fcara applied th » word ' guZttf to me . S « do Dot suppose I /» -J fdJly became a middla-clew jury call me 10 , os the misrepresentation of a Whig lawyer . This bar seems to ma more like a judgment seat , aad my sentence lik « condemnation of the government , I wellreraember the words o f yenrloretehlpsta pablic dinner in this city : — ' Let the City of London find as the Juries ; and I wi'l find than the law / The city the

      tas foaad job the jart-e—^ yoa hare found law—snd , I donbt not , yen wbl find me the sentence . Bat wbathaTe yoa gained by bringing . me hete f What tm I ? e hsmbie apostle of troth . I em your prisoner—but the truth U there^—wlthoat- ^ free—o » a ! potent—you hsve notcigtdlt inrte walls ' of jour priioc—yon cannet tend your police to arrest It—It bltmU their eatlatseg—U break * their batons , — ( he work Is done—tho seed is scattered—the crop is grewfng rr » nd t hear ! wen now fee lahowen ar « iherptnlng their Bcythes for the

      OUVCIt . Hy lord , beware in tia »! mine is bat one of those fKrdcg . Toiees sent from the herring bogom of life—i * y fTg to jon : beweie J Mj lsngnage may bs atrongj liBth it to ,. Truth plaji ' qpon an iron harp , but her tawh Is naarrieg . the preii is yonr worst enemy , when 16 conceals from you the f sopU's misery end the people's triihei . Then Vidib me , end do net pnniih me , for 4 aris £ to wars y < q sf jour i&ngtr . Toa think Cnaitiim Is quelled . Lssrn that it is more

      strong tb » n ercr . , Wblle opprestisn reigns—Cnsrtiin mit t * . While miiirj . Uitf—Chardim thall floulsh ; tnd when misery cease' , the Charter will be law ,. It is taught in the Biblr—it is bafed on ChristiaBity—it is the *«« r of the poor msn '« hearth—It Im ' the spectre of tlie rich min ' i hBll . It ii the tcrribla ipirlt that whUpira . no peace to rterlcfe until the poor maa has hU rights . ' Ills tte far ? by . the tide of the tjruBt—but it If tb . 9 gasrdisn an ^ el of thefacory child ; it is theprophet who epofee : —• ' . . .. . .. : . ... _ . .

      'W » onto thera tfcai # eer « e unrighteous d > cree > , tern aiide the r-ght * oas from judgment , end to take Jtnj the right from the poor of ny people , that widows cay t e their prey , and that they may rob the father-Uu . ' Do n nt thlnt jon cm teiUt tha demands of fte j « opU . They grow more pressing day by day . Parade » V enaj « f luorrsau in tfc » street * of Irtoiaa—etU

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      ent your dUcoatented ioldiers : like the iatellitoe tent to take the prophet " of 61 d , ; they cam ' a bask as disctplei who went out to peritoate . Beinembtr the terriblo fiat has gone forth , ' no peace to th ' a rich till the poor nare their rights . ' R member , here in England ; thontands ef families srs Hrtsg on a shilling per week ; thousands of mtn on a penny tar . hia ? per d * y ; thousands of . hnmaa beings keep their wretched beds oil ids ; , for then they feel th < ir hanger less ; thousands of families hare lived through the winter and spring en turnips odly . Bemember , at MrDrummondtold jouintha house , English mothers have killed their children to save thsmfrom the slow death of hunger ; here , in this Christian l ~ nd , a mother has be-B < 3 riren to gnaw the arm of her dead baby : Then tniuk o ! your fancy ballB , and rqu » , ani sappers ; then tend on your blsoa-hories and sleek honndi , aod strain the law against those who cy for their rights , if you can .

      Bat there is » law higher than all—thslaw offltlf-pre serratien . Tremble lest the poor should appeal from man to God , and hear fremHim : — : ' Happier aro ' thej nkb perish by the sword thBn these who die by starvation . ' ¦¦ Coheeds to thepiople in time . Ton deuiefl the Irish B ' p . 'al , and now they demand indepesdence . The Chartitts are loftltaljie't . But . remember , they may not always , if you ne ^ Uct them Ion ? , bo contented with tne Cbarccr . I warn jnuiko stream may greattn as it flow * , and the word ' Charter ' may be changed to'the shibboleth . Republic '

      Hy lord ; I am the advocate of peaceful reform . I would advise a people to bear much before they seek the dangerous Blternatiro of fo'ce . But-I belies thst allgOTernTieBts hold their authority frora the people—I believe that the will of the majority is the fountain ef law ; and I coincide with SarOD Garo ' ey , when he states : 'That the first political trash that is enijraTen oa the soul of man is / that el' power flows from the people , and U a trattftr thbir bei < fit . andtchen that trutl b abuud , resittanciunolonlgs rigUbuladttiy . ' This pamphlet may be procured of all agents for the Northern Star , and when we have said that , in addition to its intrinsic merits , it has the additional recommendation that the profits derived from , its sale will be paid over to the family of . the . siiffering patriot , we have said enough to elicit the active cooperation of Mr Jones ' s friends and admirers in ensuring for bis' Letter' a most extensive sale .

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      CHARTIST TRIALS , Watsoa , % , Queen s-head

      Passage , London , ' , ' This pamphlet is a verbatim report of the trials of the men who have just been sentenced to so heavy a punishment for their devotion to the cause of the people . The price is only threepence , and it extends to twenty . four large and full fages . It seems to'have been prepared with great care and correct * ness . It ought to be in the hands of all our readers ; as it shows thetrumpery character of the charges brought against our triendsj ^ arid the slight fpuhdaT tion ori which a middle-class jury so promptly-built a verdict tit ' guilty . ' The magnificent oration of Sergeant Wilkins , in' defence of Ernest Jones , ' is a masterpiece of eloquence , and will amply repay perusal . .

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      Philip o / Lufefia ; Or , ike Revo&tion of 1789 ., An Historical Romance . By L . A- Cbamerooaow . London : T . C . Newby , 72 , Mortitner-street , Cavendish-square . Our readers will probably remember a work , the successive nsmbers of which were reviewed at considerable length in the columns of the Star , entitled The Chronicles of the Bastille . The said work only contained the first series of ' Chronicles . ' A second series , entitled The Embassy , did not come under our notice . The work before us constitutes the third and concluding series . In praising the first volume ef * Chronicle *? we performed a conscientious and pleasant duty ; we regret that , our task is not now equally as pleasant . Duty this time enjoins censure ; but , as censure is to us an unthankful labour , we 6 hall 1 mt , briefly indicate the grounds of our disapprobatien .

      As a literary composition , this work , is a decided failure . The incidents are few , and , with exceptions hereafter noticed , uninteresting . Thedialogue is , for the most part , tedious and common-place . The attempts at humour- ' are exceedingly tiresomd and calculated to excite disgust , when , as often happens , the author makes his Parisians talk London slang 1 The personages of the author ' s own manu " facture are exceedingly insipid and uninteresting creatures ; and the historical characters introduced are , for the most part , transformed into such monstrous combinations of folly and brutality , as to make them still more tiresome . Indeed , the heaviest charge we have against this author is , that he has dipped his pea in the gell of calumny , for the purpose of heaping the foulest slander upon the uames of men whose great crime was that of working , for the rentable emancipation of the human

      race- . , , . • . The roraancist may be pardoned if he takes considerable liberties with history , for to him it is al lowed to soar in the regions oi fancy ; he is not like the historian , tied down to the solid ground qifact . Still , if history is ' philosophy teaching , by example , ' historical romance should be the . illustrator , not the distorter ,. of historyi the roiaancist should no * sink into the slanderer ; and the writer of fiction should tot 'dabble in cildmuibps falsehood ' . Public characters are public property j but that property , is not to be abused . No romance writer has authority to . degrade virtue to the' position of a strumpet ; nor to charge the foulest corruption npon men

      whom all historians , —foes as well a friends , —have pronounced incorruptible . . : ! If the author of this work had merely reproduced the old raw-Lead . and . bloody-bones p ictures of Marat and RoBESPieftag we should have been disposed to have let his pandering tqynlgar . ignorance and prejudice pass , with the recommendation . to study the history of { he French Revolution a little more deeply , and follow up his studies by writing a little more truthfully . T 3 uS when he pictures thte above-named men in the ' light of bribed spies , and assassins , ' self-sold to such a wretch asJSgalite Philippe Duke of Orleans , our gorge rises , and we feel compelled to express ' our unmitigated disgust .

      The historical anachronism ' s in this work . are toonumerous to enumerate ; it may suffice as one example , to state that the author represents the pdpular ' dubs of the Jacobins and Cordelfersj as in full swing before the taking of the Bastill '! ; ; God knows it is difficult enough to get at the truth in the pages of history , but in what a state of ignorance must those be — ' and there are many such —who take their notions of history from works of this kind "! ¦

      In common fairness we should state , that in a few instances , there are portions of this work which remind us of the first series of the Chronicles of the Bastille ; such are the passages describing the misery of the people previous to Jbe . Revolution , the bread riots , the ghastly night-scene and deathstruggle of the madmen in the Bastille , and . the . seizur ' e and destruction of that accursed fortress !' . The . work is embellished with twenty-two illustrations by Mr Robert Cruikshank .

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      How did England become an Oligarchy ? '¦ By Jonathan-Duncan , Esq . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s-head Passage , Paternoster-row . This little work traces'the history of the European aristocracy generally from the time of the Frank ' and the history of the English aristocracy from the time of the Norman Conqseror . The author shows that the original governments of Europe were . democi ' atic , and that the people exercised legislative power in public assemblies held in the' -open air , in the months of March and May . The cbipf , although " vested with the nominal title of king , was only the first functionary of the Republic . Public corruption , occasioned by the acquirement ef property , caused the loss of public liberty ; and the sovereignty which bad been exercised by the nation , was usurped by the king , the bishops , and the nobles .

      Originally nobility was conferred only for eminent military services . Under the predecessors of Ciovis , a brave Eoldter thought himself sufficiently rewarded with a " war-horse or a javelin ; but under the Merovingian kings , lands were given to nobles , but with the reservation that the king could resuine such lands at pleasure . These estates were called ienefices . Towards the close of the sixth century a conspiracy of the bishops and hobleB compelled the sovereign to abandon his right of revocation , and henceforth the benefices became hereditary possessions . This was the foundation of our hereditary aristocracy .

      The celebrated Charles Mabtel was the original founder of fiefs . Having despoiled the clergy he granted bent / ices to his warlike followers , but on the expiess condition that those who possessed them should Bwear fidelity to his person and government aud render him personal and military services , uuder pain of forfeiting thtir lands . Such was the origin of fiefs , and such was the system of landed teaure introduced into England by William the Conqueror . We quote the following explanation of the system of kuualeh . All who keld fiefs tnmeaieteljfrom tho king , were bH

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      dfr « ct ? mie ! i ; they teoogaitti him . for- their toto . w tuieroiti ; for the nuberiorlrj clt ' toim who gave lands W fieJwMrfailedtDserBfnty ' . these aWot 'i&tiaU of the crown were \ bound to do homage to" the sovereisn for their fi « f « , to remoia faithful « o all occbslocw , and to ollowbim to battle when required : in default of p » ' - orming tbes ' o dutien , they were olted before their bosiosln , and condemned to losa their fiof * . These rojal vassal «; or tenants in capite , &s they are designated , eXibnted nets of dubirifeudatloh ; that J » to 8 BJ , they iC ^ atea va »* ale < to themgelvaB , By yielding In fief to noble * less rich than themselves , either e part of theit patrimonial estate * , or a pars of those which they received in fief fronj tho king , ' Thus , at the game time that they were" dirVo ' C traciW of the crown , they were algoiaiaralns bf th ' eiroWh vassals , ' a » the king wni their suzerain . Their vissala were bound to them fdr the fiita they hadreceiTed i by honiBZo , fealty , and mUltBry serrlce .

      When coMtshl ps or counties became bornaitary , the counts or earfg held them fram the king in fijf , and by thBt iltle entered into the class of dlreot vassals of the crown . Brit they were not eloW iri claimisg for themselves the Bozerainty which thekiug had over the particoUr flefs which he had granted to the noblts in each county . Thas the counts ware , on the one . hand , vnisals qf the crown , and , on the other hand , suzerain lords over the particular fiefs which the « overeigas . bad establishes within the circuit of their conntsblp ' s . ' Finally , * aoh possessor of a fief obliged the proprietors who were not noble , to bold tneir lands dependencies on their fief ; that is to say , to reoogniue them os their lordg , and march to war under their banner , when bo ordered , TheBe latter we ' re not termed vassals , bat suUtelt at the' Jords . ' '

      ]? eudalisra ' thus' formed a complete and unbroken chain of obligations , Which , descending from the king to the lowest citiEns , encircled the whole nation , and snb-• tltuted , in place of tha old Anglo-Sason government , a system of superiority oa the one psrt , and of subordination and obedience ' on the ether part—a system wholly and solely founded on feudal engagements . Here is an extract illustrative of the CONDITION OF IBE PEOPLE UNDER THE KOBli&H

      TTBANTB , Aa to the enslaved Anglo-SaX'ih race , their condition differed bat little from that of cattle . Safah lord could strike , mutilate , ? or even kill hit fleif -with impjunity . There was no asylum B ; ainat these privileged rnm . « n » . Where all differences were settled by , strong baad , there could be no juilTea . Ill tha ! CMtlea , and abbeyfl were ' regular ' fortriisei , 'In which the" baronial dWpdta nnd their retainers abut themaelres' -a $ with ttielr booty . Whenever they lOBpended" their aaraudlng expsdltlonf , it nas cnlj to recruiV thilr eihsuiitcd strength pr « pn « r * torr . to the perpetration of renewed outrcsei .

      Gradually and slowly some Of the serfs acquired capital' in . the ; 8 hape of' savings , ' The crusades , by , drawiug off the brigand barons to . Palestine , gave comparative : xepose to the country , and gradually a class of wealthy and ¦ emancipated serf 3 acquired a position between the nobles and the masses . This bliss first acquired power by the help , of the' celebrated Simon de Mokt ? ob , t , Earl of Leicester , who after defeating the mouareh called in the Caramons t 6 help him to curb the barpns . He summoned to parliament ' two knights from' every shire , and deputies from the boroughs ; thus founding the House of Commons . This parliament was convened on the 20 th of January , 1265 . Edward the First mbdelled parliament into the form it retained up to the passing of the Reform Bill . Members were paid for their services by their constituents .

      In the reign of Richard the Second the thirst for liberty descended to the ranks Of the humblest tjlasses . The heroic though ^ unfortunate' rebellion of Wat Tyler' and John Bali , burst lorth . The latter preached the doctrine of social equality , taking for his text ,

      ' . When . Adam delved and Ere span . Who W 83 then the gentleman !' It is well-known that Wat Tyler was treacherously slain , and JoHrf Ball put to death . In hi ? hour of peril the king had granted all the demands of the insurgents hut as soon' as their organised power had melted away , he revoked his grants ; violated biii oatug , " and let loose bis minions to com . mit indiscriminate massacre . Richard the Second only acted / as kings ^ invariably act ; we rejoice , to add he met with his ^ ast reward , tie was treacherously put to death by assassins employee ! by his rival the Duke" of Lancaster , afterwards Henby the Fourth . . -... ' ' ,. ' ¦ Shortly' afterwards the cry for ' Cnurcti Keform was raised , and vras answered by the priests with their usual arguments , the gibbet , the stake , and the axe , The Lollards were put to death without

      mercy . The Warg of the Roses , ' waged for thirty years , almost annihilated the old stock of nobles , and Hbnrt VII . had no difficulty in establishing an unmitigated despotism . The ¦ voice of parliament was mote . Henrt VIII . gorged his adherents with the plunder of the Church , and the Russeu . s , Cavendishes , and many of thejducal devourersand noble cormorants of the present time owe the foundation of their loftiness to this gigantic , robbery . From this time the nobjlity changed their tactics ; heretofore they , had ruled by the sword , now they commenced to struggle for . sovereign sway through the medium of law and corruption ; alternately using the king against the people , and . the people against the king , Buf always taking care , to leaiheir their own nests -at'the expense of one or the other .

      In the . reign of Charles II . took place that landlords' revofiition which released the aristocracy from the condi ' tions ' on which they held their land * , and while conserving those lands to them , threw the great burden of taxation upon the people . We quote the following account of this ' MOKSXSOUS EOBBBRI B ! T TH 3 LAKDL 0 SB 3 . —IKPOSIIIOK

      OF THE 5 XCI 8 E . Frsm tha cofiqueat to the reiga of Henry the Third , the rdyai reVenue * a » ohhfl .- derived itom the crown Und « , wbloo wsrs tb « proper and penonal estate oi tho monflrob , end from , ecuiageB , which wqre money born , cutatiom of tkose railitBry cerricat which the crown teaanti owed the soTerviga . . The f « u ' d » i r ' lgli | t | of ' the crows reraained ' in force op to th « reitoratien of Obarlei tho Second , and the profit ! on hardships , fines on ellenattag estatei , and other fiscal prerogatives , were collected during the whole period of the Commonwealth . . TheBe were ezoegglvel y p levoos , bat they feil entirely pa the land , and in faot were the co&dltlons on which erery proprietor held his estate , ' and if tbbee condition ' s were not performed , the kit > £ Hada ' pdwer of re-entry ; foi , on feudal principles , the king was the tole owner af the land , and the ; who held of him bad set ae abislate , bat a qaaliflod posies * ion . nblch the ; forfeited if the ; did not fulfil the feudal

      obligations . The grand policy , therefore , of the territorial ariitociraoy wos to libt rate their eitatea from ( hees burtheno . and this they ultimately accompllihed" by the statute 12 Charles the Second , which abolished sho courts of vfarda and liTeriei , tenures in capite , tenures by knlght-stryicfl . and purveydnc * , . ' ¦ ,. « On the 25 : h of April , 1 GC 0 , this qrand fiscal revolution was accompli » hed , the ' convention parliament roting thxt , In commutation of the perpetual renUcharge , and oiter feudal obligatlbnB on laiid , which had btcn levied lincetkacocqueit , tho pcopls of Englandahould pay a tax of fifteen pence . per berrel upon all their beer and ale , and 4 proportionate eum on all , other liqaora told thrbaghqat the kingdom ; and that pasllamsBt fort&tr rt ' ioUed , * tbnt the ' moiety of soch ' fix ehall be settled on tho king ' s mt jemy , hU holrt , an 3 oncccoBers , In ( nil recompent * and eatUfaotlon for all ieaaret in tapUe and by knight » errlse ; and of tbe camts of ward » end Ht . eries , aal oil « nolc » entB thereby accruing , nnd in full fi&tlefaotiou for all pamjance . '

      . This memorable act , which subverted the feudal mo . narclsy , estsblisfeed for iiz ceuturiei , aed Iibtrattd land from itBanclent ' obligations and liabilities to the crown , was one of the moat wholesale and ne / arlons robberies ever perpetrated under the E&nctlon of s legialailro assembly . Had it merel ; commuted a . fluctuating into a flixed rent-charge , 'jstill payable by the soil , ' and abo-Iiihed oil that w » i uDJuet or veiatfoos ' 1 p 1 " mode of as sewment , ' the mensur « would have betn woitby of praiie ; but it did not proceed dpbn any sucli equitable principle ; quite the : contrarj—it , fr ' atnedan equiralent to be reoehed by the crown for the rlghtB it bad surrendered , out of the pockets of the people , and compelled all who consumed exclieable articles , the groat body of the wotfeing ' classes , who had no land , td dlsobarge for all future time those payment ! whioii tnaland owedi

      We have seen that in the reign of James the First the amount of the feudal dues of the crjwn was nearly equal to one half , of ; tbe whole revenue , and alao that dating the first eix hundred jeara of the mooaroby the chief burtheni of tbe'i taie fell on the land . Let a » inquire hew the bate ' stands at present , and placeln con-^ rMt the position of the landlords of ' Eugland and tho'ie of the continent , relaHvely to tbo rest of tho people In their lereral countriei , Taipald bylaud All other Taxes , ,,, in England In paid In Kpg- . 1841 .. ... ^ 1 . 183 . 885 land in 1841 * 5 l , 99 T , Q 0 p

      Franca ... 23 253 ( 100 Prance ... 17 600 . 000 Pruislft ... 8 , 934 000 PrnBBltt ... 3 . 607 , 000 Austria ... 8 , 795 , 000- Austria ... 7 , 70 O In the succeeding reigns the aristocracy contrived to get possession of most of the Crown lands , either . as grants , or on very long leases at nomiaal terms . This led to the imposition of the Civil List , thus fas . tening the Royal family as paupers on the c ountry . We must refer the reader to Mr Duncan s book for an exposure cf that grand swindle , the Land Tax . . . ii > The imposition of a Property Qualification , the passing of the Septennial Bill , the immense increase of the standing army , and the accumulation of the Debt called National , proclaimed the sovereign authority of THE 0 LIQABCB 7 . Sinoa ltiO la its oonscqaeBces tha most impoii&at

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      ¦ apflCh' in' 'BS 3 U » h : ' iSt ! rforr , ebf gfeTermaent has tended tap > 61 ' antt ' iadre ti -an oligarch Jo'torsi" and ' character , the erow ' n'Wl ' ng 'bse ^ ri ' , completely deptived of H * prerogative as £ b £ . poopf » >> . <>?•> beep epollatod of their rights , ; all Sh » t . re £ sift ) ngto the lo ^ oTcigu is tho power of sigaing offiolal . docnmonto , all that rertdlne to tha people , 1 b the barren' privilege W petl < ton ! ng Bieglilftttjre predetermined to ' ttlfn b deaf ear to ttinir grtevanoet ; Toe landed 4 nteroet , to neouro high rents , —ths colonial is . terest , to retain a monopoly of the home market , —the monled ( n ( er « tt , to ga 4 sant » e th » dividends dae on the ¦

      public debt , ' -. and ( tie tceleiiasticttl Intorost , " to pfrpatauto tithes , — . theos have formed a compact alliance , supported by a standing arm ; and a salaried police . Thus , the many are governed for tho sake of the fen . The Glasses wild supply mono ; to the national ' eiche . qaer have bo voloo either in Us assesampnt or distributlon . How long will this Bjstoia last f Till the capital and industry ef the couatry can no losger pay the interest of the national debt . Is nothing to be espected from the jaatlce of the legislature f Lot those who put the question read the enewer in the past .

      It will be s 6 en that as far as this work goes , it is a valuable help to the Reformer is arriving at a knowledge of the monstrens nature of aristocracy , and the monstrous acts of our English aristocrats , But Mr Duncan muat know that it is the lords of money , rather than land , who are now mainly responsible for the wrongs and sufferings or the people . The exclusive power of the old oligarchy is gone ! The new aristocrats now share wealth and influence with the old , and these mushroom oligarchs are the men who wield , the real strength of the government ; indeed , the middle class electors are a gteater obstruction to popular progress than the entire peerage . The abuses of the aristocracy , and aristocracy itself , might be swept away if the shopocracy willed it . Between the lords of the land and the lords of the money-bag , the labourers are crucified as between two thieves .

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      Letters to the Right Hon . Lord John Russell , M . P ., and the Sight Hon . Sir . George Grey , M . P . By 6 . J . Mantle , Birmingham . These arc bold letters , which if answered at all are likely to be replied te by the first and last argument of oppressors—force . ' Might makes right' ia the motto of Mr Mantle ' s opponents .

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      CHARTIST HANDKERCHIEFS . We muat blame ounelves for not having long since called attention to these pretty and patriotic , productions of Macclesfield taste , industry . and ingenuity . Some time ago we received from Maccleafi ^ d two handkerchiefs of fine and beautifully wrought ! satin . The largest , intended for the use of men , measures thirty-three inches square . The colour is a rich ' green , surrounded by a very charming trUcolour border ( blue , ted , and white ) . Anyone possessed , of this both ornamental arid useful article could / in a moment , improvise ' a very " excellent Chartist flag ., The smaller handkerchief , measuring' nineteen inches aduare , is a still , prettier-p-indeed , we ' should , say

      elegant—piece of workmanship , Composed of fine Italian silk , the central and principal portion is of a green colour , tastefully flowered , with a rich borde of roses , shamrocks , and thistles , on a Iri-coloured groundi At each of the four corners is a shield , inscribed in the centre j > The Charter arid the Land , ' surrounded by . the- very appropriate motto : ' Honi soil Qui Mat y Pense . ' A prettier piece of dress never graced the neck of the haughtiest lady in the land ? and every Chartist should make it a point of honour to purchase one for his wife or sweethjeart . We understand that the prices are for the men four

      shillings , and for the women ( reduced fromj two shillings and sixpence to ) two shillings . . We are glad to learn , that out friend John West , has been employed on the manufacture of these articles ; we trust ( bat public patronage-will ensure bira plenty of such employ merits We should be glad to see the Red . Republicans giving an order on Macclesfield for a neckcloth of handkerchief of their favourite colour . We ' had almost forgot to state that the . Chartist handkerchiefs may be had of Mr Thomas Clark , at the office of the National Land Company , 144 , High Holborn , London .

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      , , PENSIONS , A lilt of bit DBfi 9 iqp 8 granted b ' otwesn ' the 20 fh day of Jane . 1847 , end the 20 th day of June , 1818 und charged ' cbonfbe civil list ( poraaa&t ^ o Act 1 Vio ., i < snp . 2 ) : — ' ¦ ' ¦ " "• • ¦ 1847 . ; .. : ' , - . . - ¦ : ¦> , £ . n ; . ( "C bristwn M'Q&oltfll . „ . , 50 Oct . ^ . "" Jj ^ eAC / iAiIl ... ... ! ,., . " fip '!> 1 '! ' ' ' ¦ '•'' kd ^ Jtfon ' al penelooi . ' In con . , ¦ ' ¦'¦ '¦ ' Ud ' eratipd of We ^ aUntVii ^ eer ' . t i > or toe ^' brother , the law Sir John M'CsnitUl , and of bis death : on tho , field .. 6 f battle . la trntt to Leoblsn Martin . Mathorson , ' ' "E" ] . f and Bct : Alozander Moo' ' " ' gregor . - ' pot . 4 . t » . »» R 8 V . ThiBobald Maftaew ... " ... 300 In conaMeration of bit me . rltorluui ezortions to promote

      temperance in Ireland . Oot . 4 ,,.,..... Leigh Hunt , Esq ., ,. „ , 200 ¦ ¦ In consideration of hij dUiin- r " ' gulbTiod ilterory talents , f Grace Chalmere ... ... ... 50 .. AaneiSimson Chalmete ... ... 25 Eliza Chalmera .... ... ... 25 Oc ^ . 4 ~ v \ Gr ace Pratt Chftlmere ... ... 25 Margaret Parker Chalmers ..., 25 Helen Jemima Cbalmero ... 25 ' (_ Frari 6 eB Agnea Chatmers ... 25 . 'Widow in ? dnaghters oftbe Into Jlev ; Dr . Ohaimerg . ; In con . otdorstlon of his pioty . eloquence , and ieasa ' mg . In trust , to the '"' ' ' Rev . Dr , Wjlliom Hannu and Tbos . Caa ' mcrf , Esq . a 1 . j S Francis Freeling Hood ... »; 50 UcJ . *•••••• \ Th 0 nia 3 Hood ... , 50 Children of the late Thnmna

      Hood . In CDnalneratlon of the literary morltt of their father . In truat to William Elliott , H . D ., DaTid SolomeoB , Esq ., and Thos , Reaelgh . ' r > i on / Franois Chrictie . 25 Oct . ^¦••\ Mary Murray Christie ; 2 B - ' In eoneidero'ion of tholr s « r . tIobb of tholr father , the lste Sir Archibald CbrlJtio- In trust to Captain Fred . Gordon Ghrtatle and Arthur Forbes . Eq . Not . 16 . Georga Newport , F . R . S . ... ' 100 In consideration of bis re . searches and dlscoverios in com *

      paratlve anatomy and phjBlology . t > = » qi > - / Margaret Morrice Bell 50 Ve 0 - ^ "v \ CarolinoBell 50 Dneghtera of the tate Professor George Jonrph Bell . In conaide ' ration of the labours of their l » te ,,, ^ . father in the improvement , of the loir of Scotland . In trout to Ales , Shaw , Esq ., and Tbos . George Sh » w , Esq 1848 . ..: ' ¦ - ¦ March 17 .. Catherine Woraam Maitland ' ... So Widow of General Fred . Malt , land . In consideration it bU , dlotlngnlshtd cnl ) it <\ ry ger ^ cei , In trust : to Capt . Fred , fir mas ' . , Maltland and Thos Oolhsrtoh ' Garth . Bsq . ' ¦ ; " ¦¦ ' ¦

      £ 1200 Whitehall , Treasury Chambers , J . Pabob . 1 JulylO , l 8 i 8 . ;

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      Two of tkd . shortcat passages on record hate just been made across ' the Atlantic 1 by two of the new ships of the Britieb and Nnrth American Mail Oninpfihy , the , Niagara , Captain Ryrie , and the Amvrioa , Captairi Judfeins ; the latter Mi made her passage out to Boston in teli days eight hoars , and the fdrintr her homeward run in ten dnys . 'fifteen boors ' . An AiipRNEi ' a Pun , —An old gentleman aoflUBCd hmgervant , among other thefts , of havin ^' etokn hia Btick . The servant protested perfeoc innooendP . ' Why , yonlcriow , *' r < j < rined thei compUinant , 'that the Btichi coold never hare walked off with ifsplf /

      'Certainly not , * said the attorney for tne defence , unleB 8 itiftng a wQlkifig . tticfs . ' . ¦ ¦ ' ' ¦ ' ('• ' ¦ A JPaijs journal , wUioH ; . et ^ ted that a prisoner uridar Bentmce of ' deatfi had ;^ ttennpted suicde , firat LypDiaon . ' and ' thoribiv knife ,, fl ' daed . Medual aaaiBtanca ' beit'g pfomptlyiitlminisUirfld , ho ii now out of danger , and will to-morrow undergo tho sentence of tha law . A mushroom , 31 inches in circumference , v&t picked up the other d » v , growing between the ralla on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway , beifreea Blw Fits ead Rochdale atationsg

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      THE NEW REGENT OF GERMANY .

      John of AnttM ii tab brother of the late and nncle of the reigniHg Emperor ; he was born in 1782 , and aaa , therefore , reacted his sixty-aixih year . He was educated and . thrown into active life daring tho 8 ° " ?/ t . imesof * ? » ti Frenoh revolution ; as eariy as 1800 ne was placed in command of an Austrian army—but he was not fortunate ; the battle of Hohenlinden tried him in the fire ef misfortune , and the utiuoat he eopld effeot was by h ! a personal courage and example to keep the spirit of the Austrian forces from being qaire cru-hed by the defeats they sustained from the French armies , led by the ablest of ita generals . After the peace of Lunoyilie he was appointed Director of the Corps of Engineers and of the Military Academy of Vienna . Notwithstanding

      his youth , he was the object of many bright expectations in that glootsy period ; he became exceasively popular , especially in the Austrian provinces , Ho originated the measure of arming a Lapdwehr , nr mi'itis , and served through the campaign of 1805 . In 1811 he founded the Johanceum in Gratz . He was always attached to the study of natural history , and when released from military duties he lived the life of a monntaineer , proferring the Styrian hills as & residence to the capital . He served again in the oampsi-nB of 1813 and 1815 . With the peace began the long ministry of Metternicb , and the policy of opposition to all progress , which he maintained for more than tbirtj yeara ; the ArchdDke always condemned the system of the all-powerful Chancellor , and never concealed hia dislike of it : the consequence was , that

      not beinfe able to oppose it by positive aotion , he withdrew hiroseK from political life altogether , and almost separated himself from his family by marrying the daughter 6 t the postmaster of Aueea ; he was exiled frnm Vienna , and all but aooially proscribed ; the gulf between him , the court , and the old nebility however , was never closed ; He lived ia his retirement at Gratz , farming , botanisinp , and hunting , but never for a day released from the espionage that Mettemich kept upon hie movements . His popularity was alwayB feared as much as hia opinions . After a lorn ; absence he revisited the Tyrol in 1885 , and rr&n received with Bach enthusiasm that the VitBDajounjalB were not permitttd to publish the

      accounts of hia reception . In 1812 , at a public dinner , be is said to h « 7 e given an a toaBt ' No Austria , bo Prussia , but a united Germany , This incident has seen ed him much of his present , popularity . In per-£ 0 ;> toe Arcbdukit in of middle flejgat , thin , and bald ; hia countenance expresses ereat benevolence and goad humour . Though oi bo advanead an age , he has preserved muoh of the enthusiasm of you ta . When the revolution occurred in , Vienna , he entered at oree into public life , and it was principally by his influence that Mettemich was compelled to retign . 'J be 67 entB since the revolution are too well known to require repetition ; ha is now Regent of Austria , and chief of the German Empire , and Metternlch is an exile .

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      DISGRACEFUL TREATMENT OF EMI GRANTS ^ -CAUTION TO STEERAGE PAS SENGERS AND OTHERS .

      On Monday , at the Liverpool Polioe-courfc , informations were exhibited against— Rafferty ¦ and — Haokit , by two Irishmen , Michael Llenganarid another , on bahalf of themaelveg and others , for having Veceited their money fdr a pataage to New York , under false pretences , asd afterwards refueing them . plaoes in the ship agreed upon or . any other . The oase was heard before Mr Rushton last week , but the evidence being then incomplete little of mo ; ment transpired , and the facts were therefore yesterday gone into dt novo . . . Mr Davenport appeared for the defendants , who were not in custody ,, and Lieut . Hodaer was present on behalf of the emigrants , he being the government emigration agent , for the protection of emigrants leaving this port .

      The complainant Hengan said , that they had paid for himself and others to Rafferty the sum of £ 48 , for their respective voyages to New York , ia the ship Forest Monarch . Tne money waa paid into the hands of Rafferty , in ' the presence of Hackit , and at thtir office . The ship had since gone to sea They had applied to get on beard tbe ship , but were refused , and no other had been provided . Mr Davenport endeavoured to ahow that a mis take existed , and ( hat Messrs Shaw and Saul were owners or agents of the vesBe ! , and ought to have looked into tbe matter for tbe complainants . Mr Ru ^ h tpn said , that Mr Davenport's clients had basely robbed the parties . They had no authority whatever to procure passengers for the ship in question , or to receive money from them Both Mr Shaw anf ) MrSaul on being applied to for that purpose , told Kn&rty that they would have nothing to do with either of the defendants in the matter .

      The cl-irk of the court then stated that the defendftDts would-have t 0--pay as follows : —To ba repaid . £ 48 : HuMatenca money for the oaesengers ( detained ) , £ 11 ; penalty , £ 10 ; total , £ 69 . Mr Ruahton said the license of both Rafferty and Hackit eheuld be immediately withdrawn ; and he thought the other similar cases formed a good pie * for the law requiring that eacU of th ^ se who received licences should be required to lodge securities to the amount of £ 200 . , ' ' " Lieu ' ., dodder said there were other impositions Spon tmigrante equally bad , but some of them could cot bepuniabed lore , fla prodaced a letter , dated New York . 29 h January ,, fron ; a man nemed Saainei Gray , by trQiob it appeared that he had therocaid to

      an 8 gt ) nt a' ^ j-one dollsrs and fifty cents , for the passage from this port to New York for his wife siid children , out ol which they had been totally dofranded . On the front page of the letter ( which w * s " affectionately written ) was » printed order filled up iuink , with the names of the family , the wife , Mary Gi-sy , aged -forty , and Margaret , James , Ssmue , Eleanof ,- and J » bn Gray , th ^ ir children , aged from ten Wi $ <> ; jt 9 i * B ' , ' U ' ii . tyid&iemi from the finn of Olney and Cotterail , who were represented here by a person nam ^ l R ^ ycerg . Lieut . Bodder also produced the BoBronViHDiCATOB . of the 31 st of January , in nhioh tne publie aro cautioned againit a fellow named 'H erdtnahj who was' under heavy bonds in Boston for robbing poor emigrants , and who had fled to Liverpool , 'to act for Olney and Co ., in the

      cipaoity of manestcher- ' The Irish Emigrant Society in Boston bad discovered a cumber ot similar caaes of defrauding . He had in vain endeavoured to stop the practice , and warned the public against paying aoy monies for draughts , in Ireland or Liverpool , to tne laid Herdman and Co ., now of 210 , ^ all-etreet , New York . One of the informations against Rafferty and llacbit was for refusing thecemplainanta ' -a passage aa stated ; another wag fraudulently representing theindttlves as autHoripcd . by Mesiti Saul and Shaw to contract for . pawnaiers in their ship , and induoing oomplaiiants and others to engage steerage pasisermers , woll knowing they were not authorised Mtesfa Saul and Shaw appeared , and said the ; had civen no tucb , authority . The officers re ceived instructions to apprehended the delinquents by wairant . : . ¦ ¦¦

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      Alarm of Board a Stkimkb . —On Monday evening , aa the Fire King , Gmeaend et ?» mer wa < proceeding on her up voyage , while between Woolwich and Greenwich , an alarm of a very exciting nature was created amongst the passengers by whom she wao crowded , Owing toa sudden bunt of steam , and cinders from below . Some p ersons exolaimed that the vessel was on fire , and there were loud Cries for boats to get to shore . The Fire . King was towBd'infiTGrtenwich , acd . aii her passengers landed in eafrty ; the occurrence , having , is was stated , arisen fronj « n irruption of steam arid water into the turnace . . . . .

      ¦ Charge-of " cm , * w » ui . Dbilliho . — At the BradforoV Coua-boiiBf . Edward Barley , ' & Chartist orator , was brought up' for further examination on a ehnrgo of nulawful drillfng , bat , aa tte case waa riot made out fo the satisfaction « t ; the raagirtraten , the defendant was ordered to be d scharged . Uarley was , however , immediately arrested by a constable from Bingley , charged witb a himilar offenca committed near that place , which is in another division or wapentake of the Weat Riding , lie naa taksn away in custody .

      FlBB W GBBAT QuBB (? -STREB ! r , LlNOdLN ' S Im . Nfibldj '—Oo Tueed *) ni ^ Qt ) about nine o ' clock , & fire broKe out up'n tne premises belonging to Messrs . GilchriBt' and '( Jomuany , ch ha and glass warehouse * men , No . B , Great Queen atreet , Linooln ' alnQ-fields . The damage done to the stack and premises is very extensive . The origin of the . fire \ a at present ehve loped in ray 9 tery : it appeal b that a rew . minutes before the outfireak' some one was ''« qen " t » le % ve tbe ^ building , aid upon mnkinainapeotion of the place , several parts of the shop wore fouud to have been ignited , leading to the suppoaition that some party , having broken into the shop ,- had fi' -ed it .

      Drkapful Fire , —The mism / aon BoiisENBA ^ DE , of the 27 cu ult , states tbat a greater part oftbe torn of PoBsnita his bten burnt down . One church , eights-cibhthQusesi ^ ind fourbarnawere des ^ oyed : Ai ; Yodao Deun ^ deht . — Oa Saturday , Taiwan Joue » , alad apparently not more than jwelfejf ^ s otd ; was sent to goal for three months ; for ^ avu ¦ sto \ etf clothes from children in the streets oF liverpool . : : ' . ' . . iMdle Jiiad . iils said , baa ; poaitiyoly determined to retire from tba stage at the o 1 ob « of the present BL'aain . - .

      Tbe Ayr Advertibkr tells -v story of oafline raurder , whioh ia very rema ; rKable , if true . Is \ s to the ¦ efiedt that a iar ^ e Newfoundland dog eDticed a small epaniel , of tlie opposite sex , into the river lor a Bwimiisnd wnen in tlie Wddle orthe etrpain , se ^ d his bclpi «» rt and t <; o confiding companion , W tho neck , Hntf hold her'ucder water until bBV Viraa drowned . ! ; ' , ¦ '¦ ' , , ;! ., .,, Collisws Sthikb . — The ftttriSn ' * £ ^ onkw ^ atmouth oi Liery are uuw on a strike iu cqniequeufce of tueoT 7 Dei 8 liavingreaol 7 t : d to mike a reaaotionin their wagea .

      _ _ . .. The door-keeper of the Court of Chancery , whose duties are returned as ' Done , ' receivea a salary from 'fees' to the extent of £ 3 , 318 per aanutn , his tight < to whioh is returned in % ho parliamentaiy papers &a >! asase' mceey .

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      1 We euMlhi ekokttt * TIIB ' NATIOKAL' (?) DEBT . Claes legislation is near its ead . Hereditary ty « ranny ie about to nsoire . Let the people prepare for itr I say . The Frfccch have done nobly ; but there is one thing in wbioh they buve erred ;—thev have acknowledged the Dational debt . They ou ^ ht to have left that debt to be paid by the parties who contracted it . It should have been divided fqualjy between the borrowers and the leDder . i . We rauat manage our matters better in this respect than tbe pro . visional torernment bnve done . Let , it be tbe determination of those who may be called to power in this count-y to acknowledge no national debt . The debt called national is not national ; and the ration

      is under no obligation to pay it . The , nation has paid too muoh already . No law of Gi . d requires the people of England to pay another fartbiog of that debt . They ate under no im ral obligation to pay either interest or principal . The-deb-, cilkd national , ia the debt of the aristocracy They gat th « money , and they ou Kht to be made to refund it . Mg enare of what is called the national debt supposing the debt to be f qually divided amongst the population of Great Britain and Ireland is one hundred and sixty pounds . Will any man have the impudence to tell me tbat I am bound to pay tbat amount ? Will any man tel me that I am bntind W pay interest upon it ? I would call the man that should tell me so , at once , an iganraiit , stup d prater wickedinsolent liar

      , or a , . I ow « nor a penny of that sum . I never incurred any sut h debt . I never m « thorised any one to incur it for me . Mt parjhis never incurred such a debt . My purei . ts never authorised any one to inour such h debt in their name , The debt was incurred by a set of gelhVh , ihieviah , anprinoipled aristocrats . Tbe money was spent to atreagthen their unrighteous Dower . It was spent to uphold their unnatural privil > g ? s . It was speak tosupport their plundering and murHer ^ un nrstf-m 0 miagovernment . The debt ia tbeibs , and they ought to be left to pay h . I owe not a farthing ot it myself , and I never wJU pay a fartbin * of it , but 00 compulsion . Nor will I pay interest on the debt any longer than I can help . I have paid in terest on that debt too long already . I bare paid interest on that

      debt wnen l nave been uuable to obtain money to purchase food SufficJe&t for my family , My parent paid interest op that debt at a time when I and others of their children were well nigh sta-ved to death for want of bread . The rogues , the oheata , the vile , unprincipled thieves , toenntract a debt af eight hundred millions ef money for th ir own vita purposea only , and then to make tha prople pay tha interest , and , what is worse , to have the ini > olenoe » ( be effrontery , to tell tho people that they are bound in honour to pay that debt . —Joseph Barhr . ' Too Loving bt Hait . —A yeunj ! laiy vrho has been tried , in the state of Alabama , for firing a pistol at her false lover as be was eaoorting another fair one to church , was acquitted , on tbe ground that there was no malice , but en the contrary , anexewa OflOTfl .

      A Fhh—AlU 08 i . « -A Mi ? B Gilmore , somewhera down eaafc , wai oourfed by a man whose name wafl : a-ldncks , who told her , that he only wanted one gill more to make him a perfect fish . . No Relation , —A bod of the Emerald Is ! e meeting a countryman whose face was not perfectly remembered , alter saluting bim moat cordially , inquired oil name . Walsh , ' was the answer ' . ' \ Va ! sb , Walub , ' responded Paddy , ' are ye not from Dublin ? I knew two ould maida there of that name—was either of them yer mother ?'

      THE SONG OP SUMMER . Amid the heath of northern bills , Wbere early sunrise gbone ; i On verdant woods aud earning itroams , And lammiti gray and lone , A Minttrel from bis mountain home With . ru « tlo ljre came forth , And thai Id native numbcr » lang Tho Summer of tbs North : — ' Wo see the glory of thy s teps Upon oar bills once more ; Oh , thoti , the hope of evory heart , The jiy of erory shore ! Our skies have gained their deepest blue , Oar woodi their vernal p rime , For Heaven and earth njoice In ttaee , Thoa-glorious summer time !

      ' Thlno are tbe long and cloudless days , Tbe ^ ves of golden light , Wliosa liDgerlDp glories meat the morn , And leave no room for nljrht ; Tho frashoesi of ( he early dew , Tbe glow of breathless noun , And tho ohowers , for which the woodlands wait , As for a promised boon , Tby rosei send their sweetneis forth Prom leafy bew « and broke , ABdtliy Hlios spread their ttmlog snow Upon the sunlit lake ; To the old forest ' s lonel y depth . Thy presencej&y imparts , And reaches through the clouds of care , The depths of human hearts . 1 Wall haih our dreamy childhood loved To wander forth with thee , Toteafy grove and pra »» y gkn , ¦ -And 'fountain fresh and free . Bat where ere thoy that in thoio ( tir ' ; AmSpleiisBt putbi hud part , And when Will it return to Of That luramerof the heart < 'For hope hath changed to wearineif , And love bath ohsnged to strife , And few , of all ' thosB earl ; friends , ' Hare hcen thefrlendi of life ; And we have left the euony traok Of ohlldhpod far behind , And * ee It only through tbe thorns Tbat after srears bavs twined ,

      '• ' ¦ '' Bat « noaart bright and ohsnjolegi still , ¦ Quwb of the circling years ; . Thy bro « 'h&tb kc 6 wn no touch of time , Tblne tyo no traco of tears ; ' ' For still as bright tts sunshino falls Upon tbe woods and waves , As if that light bsi | never fh' no On broken hearts or graves !' ¦ Fbancbi B * ow » , As Inconirovebiiblb Truth . —It would be n ^ tbep a moral , nor a politisal grievance , ^^ if fortunes , lika that of Mr Coutts . were never heard of ; hut it , i 9 a great eaoral and . politic *! evil , , that human heingg nhoald perish for . want of food , while it is spread in luxurious plenty around them ; and is withheld -from them beoau-te thtir labour is deemed vol a sufficient compensation for their existence!—Black l ) uiarf

      1822 . Another —The fruifclul source cf crimes consists iu OBe mao ' s posseting in abundance that of whioh another man . ^ destitute . —GWtvm , Amoiher . —There is no foundation in nature , or natural law , why a set of words on parchment should give to any ofie a dominion of land—Bfaclstone Monarch ? tbb Grkat DifcpiUNCB to CiviLim * tion . —It isfAe peiliferouspurple which retdsw the progress of civilisation a curee , and wares the understandinc , till men of senBibility doubt whether

      tbe expanBipn of intellect produoea a greste : portion of happiness or of misery . Bat the nature of tha poison points out the antidote : and had Rousseaa mounted one step bfgher in his investigation , cr c ^ fild bis ejo ha vo pierced throtigh the fopey atmoa < paere whion he alnioat disdained to breathe , hit aotive mind would have . darted forward to contemplate'the perfection of man id the e . itablishmorjt of true civilization , instead of taking bis flight . b » cW to the night of sensual ignoranoc . —Mary Wollstoncrift ' s Rights of Woman ,

      The Ancients : and the Moderns . —At the pre « sent day , a herb , when he haa the misfortune to make war , can Boarcely . give any encouragement to the sciences ; he must borrow money of a Jaw . snd oonnult other Jews , in order to make the subatasoa of his subjects Sow into his coffar of th 9 DintiMes , whence it escapes through a thousand opening * . Alexander Bent to Ariatotle elephants , rhirioceroa , timers , lions , crooodiJe 3 , gszeile ' si' e ' agli 3 . « , ostricbe ' , i ' o , ; and we ,, whon by chance a rare animal is brought to oar fairs , go and admire it for eixjecce , and it dies before we know anything about it . ' Pkculiab Poucir of Pbibbw . —When th . ! priests come into a family , they do as a man that wo ' nld net fire on a house : he does not put fire to itie brick wall , but thrusta it into the thatch . Toey , work noon t h c women , abd let the men alone , —Setden's Table Talk .

      Tbur Nobxuit . — In the estimate of honour , wo should learn to value the gifts of nature abov& thosa of fortune ; tOfbteom in onr . ancestors the qualitie * that best promote the interests of society ; and to pronounce the descendant of a king leBS truly noblo than the cffiprio ^ ffarnan of genius , whose writ in ^ s will instruct or d ' oh ^ oi -: he la ' cgt-poateritv — Gibbon . jSo Mt . anuTr u- a . 'iiok MT ' . ' ; i' Liberty . —To rer . iiar . co < ine '« ii .- ^ rf . ' , is io rci .-in . utv . ne ' s very ts ); n :, ' n * a njr . 'i ; it i > ¦ - '< rc' --: > ' : ^ . vt > not , -. t ! j tht riRnfphu ^ tao o tiiu- ; of h :: " , n « iit ; .. Avfi * t ! "i : v * - < - bir iiukmniiy : ' -ti h « m-di' t-i r- >? .: t .. ^ ?^•) t . nir- , i '/^ up his iil ! ' H ich a . vuaijcia ' . iiju ia ' . ¦ ¦• ' ¦>>„ . - = ' . 'i . ' with our very iiaL . v . vo , ' ¦ ' o . uutfivs w « '; tho liu- ry of the will is to tahe . ana ^ nil niorjilicy from ti < tr . ) , ¦ tions — Rousseati .

      A RolaWb por an OtivEft . —Tta Marquis of v , '« - terford , and sora e fs'ienrf . ^ ppe dav t "»> k tlitir plaoes ir , the Jomth ' ' ^ la&a caTrja ^ e of . ' a -railway . To pui . i-k such . aoijpjnej ' the ' Taij ' w ^ y ' people . hised a couple of BweepB . aii covered ' with s . iot , and put them in be-> ide them .. . At the-nesettablorithe ; Msrquiabought ficat ctasa ( ickirts for toe Bir « ps , '! « nd put tt-etn m to « d » rn the ailk and leather covered seats . —Liverpool Albion , . , .. In a leosure at ( he Manousstar Meobamcs ) institute Mr F . Warren said— ' The first cottim clo : h wm made in D ^ by in 17 T 3 by Meaara Meed and Strutt , and it wad then prohibited byJavfrom mo aoidis ( he aKket .

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      BMIGEATION ; OK EBBS AND THESE . ( See Punch , July 15 th . ) PC 5 C 3 It neither , him nor them , H £ « head ' * lite toggj weather , HI * f pifidls ihcoki can icaroe inpport Hit ( tanneh enii pate together . Hit wit bit emitr * t : d—so He is nnt HrsE that ' s quite plala . Hi » bo 3 j' 6 her . » , but that ' s not thexe , So ? ri {*» dii-oresd , that ' s certain , fTith a-ill &nd tnobi of kte bs's dined , Aa £ dosing—dreamt thenatioa WoTBdfiBd » curs for all iu Ills la tfie tide of emigmtisn . There's not one lolitary Jokt , "Kor x »« Witty ssyis ; , Boa-mot , Bnn , or repartee , Tkit'a wftrth th ' s Tkrupe&u paying . , Emrm Sat .

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      The English Patriot and Irith Repealer . Manchester : J . Leach , 173 , Rochdale-road . We have , p ; ceived the prospectus of a new weekly penny publication intended to appear this day , ( July 22 nd , ) under the title here , given . The editors' announced are ¦ Gboiigb AacffiBHACON , Irish Confederate ; Jambs Leach , English Chartist ; and George White , Irish Charti 3 t . They pledge themselves to make their paper an unflinching , bold , and unmistakeable advocate of the present glorious struggle for English and Irish liberty . We wish .-uch papers . were established in every town ia England ,

      4taet£ Ana Tfmtts*

      4 Taet £ ana tfmtts *

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      . ¦ ¦ '¦ ¦ •• i > i -.. ¦• , . ¦ „ . ' / ., Jtot - aa , 184 &- i ¦ ¦ •¦ ••¦ i _ v . ¦ ,...., ¦ : : .. - . J , , _^_^^ ... Tg ^ ypllt ^ ia ^^ _ ., „ , ___ - ^^ - . ^ . ^^^ J ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 22, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1480/page/3/