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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th November 1848, Edition 1 of 2, Page 5, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      • Wordr . « ie " -in . 3 m ' . a snwli top t . f -afc P « dhu 6—iUse dew—opoH a thonght , produces Th » t which fflak ' x thr . ojaudj , perhaps millions , «** . ' Bia o * . LOUIS BLANCS REPLY TO THIERS . PEACE , ' term PROPAGANDA . Brother Pbqlxtabiahs , Ton wiU remember tint when the declaration of rghts prefixed to the ( new ) French Constitution was under discussion in the Assembly , called ' National , ' the clause declaratory of the 'Right tola-Jbour , ' excited a good deal of speech-Baking , the ead of which was the rejection of the clause , and the substitution of a declaration of the * right to assistance . ' On the occasion of that discussion ,

      the most prominent speaker , and most bitter oppo nent of the 'right to labour , ' was the notations intriguer Totks . You will also remember that the journals of this country , most renowned for their hostility to the woTki&g classes , were lond in their laudations of Thiebs , for what they styled his ' admirable speeches' in' defence of property , family , and soual order . ' Those journals also exulted that 'the MoQBtain' had produced no champion on the opposite side o £ fhe qwstanrworthy of being compared with their ¦ fevoarite ^ Thkrs , whose arguments , they decl « ed , ' iad not been replied to . and were , in fact , unanswerable . Of course , the Press-gang

      omitted notice of the important fact , that the most tealwi ^ adVoca ^ qf the ^ nght to labour , ' elected to the Assembly , wfl ^ trtodef proscription ; some bani sh , d , some ifeggggeons , ' and ; others silenced by the brutal hostfity of the 'moderate majority . ' But . the omisri&ef the truth is * to say the least , as ' easy as lying / as& a& . or the other never comes amistobur 'bestpj ^ si ^ jntruc tors . * I Tfmind you of ihe ' pisCthat I may fitly speak of t ' ae present .. The proprietors of the Spirit of the Age published with that journal of Saturday last , a

      translation of a small work just written by Louis Blasc , ia reply to the much applauded nonsense and falsehoods girenntterance to by Thiebs on the Labour Question . I hope to hear of Loms Blasc ' b work ^^ ejngr ' published in a shape better adapted for-gjej | r £ kfeirculation—say a twopenny or threepeagygii g | f tft « The enemies of Labour ' s rights take ag ^^ jely difiuse the poison of their Goer tnnes 3 § a | ggtBpIe which should he followed by tte expe * fa «§ pfid advocates of those wholesome truths , on thr'triumph of which depends ( he' social Balratioir of Labour ' s , children . ' . ¦¦' , ' '¦

      Lomsi BLAN . c ; , oom | nences hy declaring that he FS 3 tent &the . Assembl y by the votes of a hundred and tyentyVthonsand electors of Paris , with injunei&r ^' aiinimiihe Byht to Labmr , zni point out ' fi ^ ni ^ of « m « 3 fbg social etils . Those electors * sure in the national-soverei gnty was confiscated , 1 when upsa an accusation proved to be calumnious , in contempt of a . former decision of the Assembly , without a fair debate , in a single night , with indecenfha | te , ;|^ -iy a eo upfetat ; the enemies of Louis ^ LASft ^ ttBtrijed to procure his banishment ftoraVthe A ^ i ^ Th * f Girondists' will look queer if their prtjjcri ptid * of Barbes and Albert ,

      . Louis BuixcttTCAussiBiERE , should hereafter be ¦ died ss a precedent to jostify similar treatment of 1 ftfiBUetal ! Bnt , as Ljteis . Blanc remarks;—* Pc&kal pasdons are blmd to consequences . ' ; V 'It islibs height of ignorance and childishness ' , ' Elys LothsBlakc , ' to attribute the ruin of trade to ; the speeches at th « Luxembourg . . Those who refer ¦ ill the distress and tronbles of our present position . to social idSiiig which have only been enunciated ^ ' 'irat T % a pat in practice , are like fte | afient > ^ fho afterJ ^^ 5 & ^ the jrescrip&ms o ! bis physician ; J BjronjCjfeirgc him with having made him worse . r Qfi ^ Staas , U soda !

      reformhadantatedth&proletanan pspiilaadttHrrf-Ae towns for a long time before ' the Kbrdiyjftera&itkra . The ; working men * enquired intaihe * Uw of past social changes , to ascer tain if ririHaatio ^ had not yet another , step to take ; and obw ^ n | that'ibe lower classes had first ceased to be ^» ,-afldafterwards to be serfi , irspired by ' noble aspirations , they asked themselves if they should sot soon cease to be proletarians , this being hut a newerfjinn of slavery . ' The political Republic might have been tolerated , if not heartily supported , hy tha itnayeoue , ^ but the people looketl uponpofitical reform only as a means to obtain social reform . ' TW « was evident tbt verj . firat day oi 4 e RjpabHo irsen s working m « a—Mi ejet Signing fire , and

      ootmtenance pals « th exdtonent . — niStaiy entered tb § *¦ cogad ' -ioarc j « na fn « w ^ til mwitt ring nppm the jjifiaor , * ra ^ nlea ; in & » same ot the people , tbe . acknow-Pfoigae&t at tier Bight t » Labour . It wa » eti ' dent alio , P % Sfetfl , Ottffif " 58 i * ef February , thooian ' is if wrkmea , '&er drei ' udU ; tgBtd with the < u » t of the barricade * , ' <i&e ¥ t % ce i » Grere , with flsgi Inicribea with the ¦^ wor di , OrjBJttwtwn Lo&our . Kj former caUeagae * I euBjt forget w . y they proposedugmermuntoomnsHm I tt the LuroaJworg ; nw . ft » tit wt % fm a tag time of . ; Powd . bj me ' bnd Albert . A . conup irtee of inquiry , in-. issi !^ -irithoat » baage » , or . ^ jftbther powers than . ip ; ec 6 ' . Iforeitwtbe conseqia « BMOfinehaprocaed faj . BeiJdef , th 8 psbpla ttqnWieomething farther ; fbetrdanandwufbr'tbe iffiwia ^^ it cr eation cfaMi _ nUte * of Laboar . " ! : ¦

      ' The ' commission' was , in fact , a tub thrown to n tie whale . In the first revolution , on the . ever ¦ memorable day of the taking of the Bastille , the traitor Flesseiles wrote to Dbiatjxat : ' Hold Out , while I amuse the Pariaans with cockades . ' Acting on the same policy , - Lamabtine amused the proletarians with speeches , until he hid once more victimised the eternal dupes of political impostors . Oi course Lamabtise , Araso / Marrast , and Co . i never intended to even attempt the' Organisation of labour . ' The Ltoreraboarg Onnmisaon was app * Wed ^ o gain time ; doubtless with the additional object of bringing the members ef that commission into discredit—by setting them speech-making without the means of reducing their theories to practice . 1 One of the fakehoods of faction , current not long

      sgo , was tht atertion that the ' National Work-. shops' were o ^ enmen ts founded on Louis Blanc ' s jf&eme of . aviation . The troth was the reverse « that statemsSi&The ' workshops' tvere organised bj Mahie in bopassggn . to Locia Blasc . Only two establishments of . workmen , the associations of wnrneymen talors and journeymen saddlers , can be , ; t&ea aspen parfialiy illHStrating the ideiB proeumed ; ii the Luxembourg . The saddlers' association'' is tfqw on " the high road to prosperity ; ' and the tailors' association , though the object of much calumny and misrepresentation , ' made a considerable advance , completed several important orders , realised no niean profits , and showed how valuable is the practice of fraternal union to maintain order and activity in business . '

      I now proceed to indicate the arguments addressed toTaiERs . Loms Blanc shows and proves thafc—When Thikrs claimed to speak for ' society is it has been in all ages and countries , ' he thereby proclaimed his own ignorance or insincerity ; for Mciety has not been the same in all ages , and it not \ the same in all csuntnes . Some nations have refased to allow of individual property in the soil ; oftenihare not only allowed a few to monopolise the land , bat also to make property of their fellow-Creataes . Feudal society was very different to the present order of things- And even now personalfitvery and wages-slavery mark broad distinctions between society in America and in Europe . Su < Mdfy , itisnot enough to proclaim with Thiebs wit | the fundamental principle of property is L&bonr . ' From this principle flow two results : —

      That all property » ot derived from labour tat no wanfction in right ; ii , therefore , unlawful , ^ ftat all labour which dot * not lead to property " «* ei no indsmnifieition ; fa , taereftm , oppretdT ? . ' Tried by these roles existing society is condemned , v ^* while the minority . by monopolising the soil , im-^ oenu of prod antion , &c ., are enabled to com-™? d the labour of the majority , the mass of that cajonf yarefoodless clothelesg , and homeless ; alwongh to their labour the rich owe their luxurious « ° a » nch apparel , and splendid houses . ' So that " « & M . Thiers declaresttat in justice , 'the funda-^ talprindple of property is labour , ' society re-> w * tHat in fac ^ ' the laimr of one clou is the ***** ofJJrcperiw to tie other" '

      I J £% W » notjrue ' as asserted « by TatEas ( thai 3 ^ . ° ? JnenWorkwork - md the mt * « your labour shaU be for you and your children . ' « ne ron ^ ry , the majority in society finding the Z ?\« Www . monopolised by a few , canonfe h » Jlf *®**? minority , and for theadvan-£ ™ ^ oiitF- X variety of vicious laws and bit ™ . . C 0 ? Bp 51 * fo make the !<*< " *«¦ the mere feS t ° l P « a »> ction for the benefit of his more i « 2 rfl / K ? f aan - lt " notthe ^ " ^ of ^ laitrii v the wo * man feeeives in exchange for ? " ° U but a salary-a bribe to induce him to pro : r * ui 6 sefrui te for another . That salary reduced Iii fc **! 011 " ' U 1 ) onr markeftoaminimum , « ffeijr sufficfeat to maintain life . Want of em-^ nent or ackaesB , reduces the labourer topau-*^ o-often death . / I * ngnt eseahaltB aosoty , iofurent in htman

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      1 --- l ., ± -, ¦¦* • - • ' \^^^~* nttar * , ' . ' weehonld becarefcl no * to debase it by making it a- 'privilege . ? if M . Tburb ' s explanation of the nghte of property be correct , it is plain Hub every man . withont property falls short of his condition as a man , since ha wants that which is attnt ial tolitnature . * /( Trtfy . 3 t i « nst trne-asJafBeried . by Thorsthat the second pririmple on which society is bawd ia tomaUberts , that is the followinf that occupation whiehu batt saited to ratfs talents . On the canbm , tbahrien worker hu no ohoioo > foccupation for us child , who ecm&lly withont a taIm In tL da . 111 hLl . ' , t ; . ' ,., ' ^^

      cigonwnicnruosjlydacideihisoareer for life , most ^ H' ^ Sf ^ ' ^* 1111 ^^ "* * PW » fa . and nis Uttie brethenand eisten , command taatstep as a duty ; Tkere is so such filing as choice of oceapation for the children of poverty . The inn law of necessity—nottho necessity which Nature has da creed * but that which a taioos social system has created , and perpetuates—deridesthelot of both tha worker and the idler . ' Many a man has died on a mattress , after hiring lived in a garret , who had in him the germs of an intellect that might have governed empires .

      SiKthfy , it is not trae-as asserted by Thiibsthatit depends uponeashman whether he shall be fortunate or unfortunate , rich or poor . I am sorry I hare not room to quote the eloquent and ptrftet answer of LouxsBuxc to this impudent attertion of Thiibs '; and I cannot bring myself to be guilty of the desecration of attempting as abridgment . Sot , indeed , brother Proletarians , it is altogether unneoosary to demonstrate to you that bj industry , prndence . &o . ' yoa might < x « become rich . Your privations , in ipite of your toil , Bnffidently .. confute the gronndleas assertion of your word-moneeriDe enemy . 6

      StmiMy . that unregulated competition , so mooh lauded ; by Thkhb as the third great principle on whiea gjoiety is founded , ' produces calamities far xceeding these of war and oesfileaoe . ' Forgetnrt that oomsetition is a Eerce straggle , in wbieh every gain has itt corresponding loss , that through every cry of joy is beud the groan of some victim . Two sen meet to fight a duel . There is emulation between them to ont each other ' s throat ! Such ia the ema ' -ation of competition . ' In connexion with this part of his subject Loon Bl * hc shows—unanswerably shows—that the dis eoveries in mechanical and chemical science , the division cf labour , free trade , the extension of eredit , and the centralisation of the means of production all operate to the injury—at least for certain periods-of the greater part of the labouring muses .

      As regards wages the poaitiTe improvement in oae « r two iorwnate trades ia no proof that the mass of working men have advanced in their social condition . In other trades receiving wages nominally higher than in former years , the increased cost of food and shelter swallows up more than the additional money received by the workman . In the majority of oocnpationi wages have enormously declined ; hence we have increased and increasing pauperism , pro stitution . and every variety of wretchedness and crime . .. ft And on the bourgeoitia the effect of eompetitisn is that ' air tmaH fortunes an being swallowed np by large ones . The ultimate tendency of this fine stu tern is the vassalage of the mass of the bourgeoisie to a vary limited oligarchy of powerful capitalists . ' - finally , aajs Loms Buxo : 'Competition tends

      to a result contrary to the true laws of political eco nomy : T 9 AH . UmjaOTUi IRCBBASK IB ZBZ POWERS i . coBBBpaaBna sxcbusx is tbc veus oi oqNstrMpnojr . . It is useless to reply , that thinatnrsleffeet of competition is to increase ocniaaif tion by ebeapneas : this is true within eert » in liaiiis only * namely ,-those which separate tiw alaned from the oos-salsried classes . One effect of a ch « p mBrketisto reduce the aanmht of wages , andthusthelabonretUsetontlie ' . OBe hand what be would gain on the otaer . ' V Id deahng wits Thobs ' s objection to the ' right to labour , * Loms Busc u equally happy . I must . defer to-another oeciaion oertaiu oommente I had intanded to hare oSoed on Loins Blibc ' s scheme of asiocatior ^ ooraidmd as a means » f remedying the lembui evils of tha present system .

      £ e £ me here place on record-an addition to the many ; dsmaiag acts which have already won for the ATican ; hatcher , Cavjiohac , an execrafale and irredeertabia reputation . ' Certain Spanish LibsrsK viotims of the sanguinary rale of the butcher Narvaez . were lately , by order of . that ruffian , torn from tbeir families and , without even the mockery « f a trial exfled to Caba . On their way ont the unfortunate men rote against the captain and erew , bus-Utid the . ship , asd . carried her into Bourdeanx . Toe poor Spaniards never doubted -that' they would find a raftuein the French Republic- ^ land consecrated to' LibBrty , EqnaB ^ , and Frotrhixt . ' Of eanrse the Spanuh astcoiitiss , ' imneering for blood , ' demanded that this refugees ifconldbe giren np to

      tfietn . mil iA t » bebevaet VaA ; amtrary to &e lav of nation *— to fay nothingof thelaw of humanity and the hononrV . of France—they were given up ! CiViioHicf-the batcher CAViiosAc- ^ whoie horrible conntenanoe is the true index of his horrible heart ) refined the Spanish Liberal * the protection of the French territory , and handed them over te Nabvaiz ' s eot-throst myrmidons ! ' Why , even Piuns&TOK would not have done so fool a tain ; . Eves England—' aristocratio England' would nit have permitted the perfbn&anoe of such an atrocity by her Government . Mark the result . The Sim of this ( Thursday ) evening states , that oa the victims arriving at Santwder . Nisvaei immediaiely ordered thetwgUaier * to fo ^ thot in the deck of the dap ! . "Oh ! thamBtothee . lAaaof&e&aiJ .

      O& ! shametot&ydulirehanaikee , If tan foal dishonour is not washed away in the blood and tears of the wretches who , not content with stifling the revolution and plotting the . speedy degth of the Republic , have degraded France in her relations towards foreign nations , below—far below —eren the . depths of infamy to whieh Phiuppb and Gotzot had brough t their countr y before the dan of Fefeuary . Bat , patience I The fconr oiretritafion will come . . . BroSwr Proletarisas , —Ton are aware of the existence ef a sett-half Quakers , half schemers , delighting in the mission of expounding the doctrine of What theyeall ' permanent and universal peace . ' Mart of the lecturers and agitators of the ' Peace

      Soxety' have been known to job for tome yean past , as gentlemen who living by their wits were not at all particular as to the job they took in hand so long as it paid welL JntuSlavtryim , Cheap Breadim CompUu Sujfragam , Chartim , Teetotalim , Anttaagkigim Sanitary-Reformim , £ & , 4 c , have all been tried in torn , and * aUy supported '—a * losg as ' tie money came tumbling in , * To these worthies the sentimental htanbog of Vnivertal - Peaceitm , patronised as that ism is by a host of respectable old women of both sexes , who have mere money than wit , is a real Godsend ; and those disinterested * electriGera' will take care to keep tha ball rolling as long as their paymasters continue to find the need , fa ) . Ia September last the peam-mongeri held a

      Conference at Broesells , the said Conference consisting of between three and four hnfidred self-slected 'representatives / of England , Franoe , tiermany . Italy , Belgium , America , &c . One half were English of whem forty were'ladies . ' Their proceedings would have been amusing if they had not been positively ridiculous . Almost the only sensible man amongst them was one Rahok db la Lasrj , from Madrid , who , because he gave utterance to some common-sense sentimemts , was hooted down ; and the English majority refusing to hear him in reply to seme grots attacks from a Belgian priest , the discomfited Spaniard shook the dust off his shoes and quitted the camp .. Sundry resolutions were passed , which need not be repeated , and the woeeedinss concluded with

      obb of those tea-and-toast festivals , at which bw English Bentimentaliata always show to Bomneb ad vaatage . On Tue . day last the peace-mongers , held a jrablio mietiBg at that notorious temple of rant and cant , Exeter Hall . underthepresid enof of the Anti . pennyshaveHif-a-Sunday M . P . for Ashton-nnder-Lyne . Tha meedng m called to hear a report of the proceedings of the Coagre 83 above spoken of . In the coarse of the proceedings it was stated , that a deputation frcm the Congress to Lard John Russell , asd been received ' most courteously . ' It appears the Premier , expressed himself in terms of the deepest interest ^ - . reference to movements of this kind ; and Ingt ^ traltenu , anxious to promote the peace of the world ! ' Very ' general terms' I fanc ! I

      , y think I see the little Ior 4 with his tongue in his cheek , when expressing himself anxious to promote the peace of th > world ! When he so expressed himself , how was it that the twaddling deputation , had not the sense to ask ' his lordship' how it happened that British soldiers are just now catting throats in India , and at the Gape ef Good Hope ? The deputation might also have inquired why his peace-loving lordship arrayed police , spscisls / infantry , cavalry , and artillery against the working men of London , in April last , to prevent an unarmed and peaceablaatsemhUge walking through the streets of the metropolis ? ThelnteUigenoeofthe Exeter Hall audience will be understood , when it is stated that the report of the deputation '*; interview with Lord John Hastill excited cheers ' . '

      Amongst the speakers , of course , Mr Euhu Bobbin shone . The * learned ^ Usckfimith' came to this country to preach peace , at the very time that his own oooDtrymen were commencing their unjust ar £ sanguLcto war against the Mexicans . What baafeesB htiraaheto * If he had been—to use the mildest tenaggjBgjjnBtenimsn , he would have remembered the « ftiropL Pliysiclan , heal thyself , ' and would h * v % st *< l * £% » to preach to his own countrymen his tamal si 8 g * rag , ' Gode is loove . ' Why he has staid here so lsng , hob-nobbing with the hypocritical enemies of Labour , he can beat tell . He is not the first quack who has feund this country a capitalpastarage . On Tuesday evening , he appears to have supplied the usual dose of drawling cant he is lathe habit of administering to his nnhsppy hearers . ¦ One may well be disgusted with the very word philsnihropy , ' when such a canting qaackas this TankM adrentortr mountebanks throueh the -mmtryintieciirtcUrof * 'philanthroput l '

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      DrBoWBraawweneofthe sreakera . Dr Bowi Bmo , then » isycbimjion of Polish nationality and Italian independence ! How can he reconcile hit preachings of peace with his advocacy of Polish and Italian freedom f Poland and Italy can never be redeemed bat by the sword . This may be deplored , bat cannot be dispnted . Gould these peacemongers succeed in carrying out their ideas , they would consign oppressed nations to irredeemable and hopelenilavery . Dr BowHnra , and other speakers , referred with Meat glee to the fraternal' visit of the French National Guards . This was not ail . A rea l , live Guard , ' 'follyaccoutred , and wearing side arms , ' was caugat in the meeting , hoisted npon the plat fora , and made to deliver himself of a speech . Why this fuss about the French Nationsl Guard f The reason is plain . The 'Guard' slaughtered the pro-.,

      letarians in June last , and , therefore , the peacepreaching bourgeoisie of Exeter Hall hailed the visit oftheir 'fullyaeconbred' brethren from Paris . Away with the eant of these peace-roongere . At a tune when Messina is ia ashes , and Vienna threatened with-perhaps , while I write sufferinga similar doom , the man who goes about preachlntEjneaoe'iseitherahypocriteorafool . The duty of aU true Mends of humanity is to propagate the principles of Democracy , and to endeavour by every honourable means , to establiih the ascendancy of those principles . When the people have pnt an end to the role of their tyrantsi whea the fraternity of nations Adi BUpenede theleaga 9 of Kings , then there will be peace ; but , as- long as tyranny endures , there can be no peace between the oppressed and their oppressors . L'Ami dtj Peuplb ; November 2 nd , 1848 .

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      ? PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OP EUROPE . i PwtVII . The disorder of Europe is daily becoming more complicated and alarming to all parties , without any one of them yet perceiving its cause , or having any conception of its only remedy . Until the cause shall be known te the public , and the true and only remedy shall be applied , the confusion of mind and suffering of all will increase . . ,

      It is evident to those who reflect and possess knowledge , that two factions , nearly equal in power , are in a conflict of extermination , and both ignorant of the cause of the contest in which they are thus engaged , for life or death . They know not that this is a contest of Nature to overcome errors and evils , which hitherto have reigned triumphant over the human race , and in their place to establish truth and goodness over all the regions of the world . "¦' ¦ ¦¦ .

      It is a contest to destroy the principle of repulsion among mankind , and replace it by tbe principle of attraction ; to destroy also that principle which creates the universal want of charity , and to introduce that principle which will create charity in all ; that will destroy anger and ill-will , and fill the . minds of each with genuine kindness and affection for the entire race of man , Until this change , from the repulsive to the

      attractive principle , shall be made , it will be vain , and useless to talk of peace , when there can be bo peace ,: for . now there is . no know ledge , truth , or goodness , to create or support peace . .- > ... ¦ . ; \ It is impossible to have peace , or a virtuous , prosperous , intelligent , arid happy state of society , so long as society shall be based solely on a falsehood—itself the . principle of repulsion , and containing all evil within its necessary consequences .

      Had it not been for the Revolution , of the three days of February in Paris ,, the old falsehoods and evils , of society might have tor- ! mented the human race with injustice and cruelty for many years ; but , fortunately for the world , Nature forced on that Revolution , which had become necessary by the crimes and oppressions of old society , to which the industrious producers of all wealth could no longer submit . - And of all the murders , bloodshed , and violences following , or which may follow , that

      Revolution , old society is the true cause ; the re-action , as it is called , is to uphold the robbery , injustice , and murderous cruelty of this systein of falsehood and deception—a system in which the strong impose upon and oppress the weak , and in which evil is called good , and good evil , . This glaring injustice of the strong or wealthy members of old society , is called by them , libert y and justice . They are blinded to its injustice and crimes , ' and know not the truth , or what is now their only safety , or for their happiness ) .

      It is to be hoped and reasonably expected that men will arise in this crisis , with mind and moral courage equal to the task now required ; men who wiU stand between the insane conflicts of aristocracy and democracy ; set both factions right , and induce perpetual peace , hereafter , between them . If this be not done , and done speedily , woe to the present and to succeeding generations I "With deep interest have the princi ples , practices , and proposed measures of all parties , in Europe and America , been examined again andagata ; but not one of them , after the

      fullest and most impartial investi gation by the writer , appears to have discovered the causes of good and evil ; or even yet attempted to descend to the true cause of human folly and misery ; and without a knowledge of this cause , the remedy must remain unknown . : . It is now too evident that a knowled ge of rational principles or practices has been hidden from the present , as it has been from all past generations ; and that the extreme and extensive sufferings , created by the ignorance and irrational practices of society , are become unbearable , and will soon force some great change upon all nations .

      Tbe writer having discovered the cause of the repulsive and attractive principles of humanity—of good and evil—or of truth and falsehood ; and knowing that the abandonment of falsehood and the introduction of truth can alone relieve the world from the evils which all nations suffer , or are about to experience ; he is most desirous that the cause of evil should be at once removed , and truth introduced for their permanent benefit . . He is aware , from the repulsive character of falsehood and the attractive qualities of truth , that any attempt to unite the two principles under any arrangements , must fail , and disap- point whatever expectations may be formed of ultimate success .

      He therefore proposes to the civil and religious authorities of Europe aud America , as both / have so glaringly failed to produce at any time , in any country , truth , goodness , or happiness , that they shall openly abandon the gross and ' most lamentable falsehood on which their civil and religious systems have been based , and all the evil practices which have necessarily arisen to the human race , from a foundation so ignorant and injurious . And that they shall at once begin to reconstruct society on its true foundation / by a new combination of arrangements for an improved practice over the world—a practice in accordance with the fundamental truthupon which society should be alone based .

      But the civil and religious authorities of the world do not comprehend this truth , or understand the practices which will emanate from it . For this want of knowledge , as , like other men , they are creatures of the unfavourable circumstances in which they have been placed they cannot justly be blamed , but are to be pitied for the errors which they have been compelled to receive , and fer the evils whicr they suffer themselves , and which they inflict so'severely on others .

      The writer , by the powers—natural and acquired—which have been given to him , without merit of his own , has been enabled to make this glorious discovery for the permanent happiness of the human race . In consequence , he is conscious that the onus lies with him to make this knowledge so known to the authorities , that they shall not only understand it ,

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      b !? ? l induce ^ to receive the principles and adopt the practices . ¦ This explanation will account for the opposihon of his past life to the existing principles and practices of society , and explain the reason wny be has addressed these papers to the public , aud published his late , letters to the « ueen of the British Empire . They are thus given that the subjects , ! so deeply interesting "M-all , may be more fully opened to these authorities and to the world . The writer being aware that no oartifia vat ¦ ,

      comprehend how the change from the false principle to the true ; from the inferior and injunous practices to the superior and beneficial , is to be introduced and made universal } he will m succeeding addresses and letters , more amply explain this subject , in its outline and detan . Hitherto the public has not been prepared to understand that there are two opp ^ ng 53 ff / trrWK based on fal 8 eh °° d leading to all kinds of evil , the other based on il , « i ! A * ° 2 only : that the falsesys-S 3-I f 6 ? 8 t 8 M handed down t 0 ua f ™» our Sit t ^ d mo 8 . tinesperienced ancestors , and h ** XZLS'yT * ' , 8 vstem based on truth Send d 7 unknown or ^ perfectly

      com-In consequence of the daily increasing sufferings arising from this false and unjust sys ; S ?« J 5 " ? P ecia , Ilv for ^ cruel oppression of the industrious classes , Europe has become a volcano , and all nations are in a state of hie h irrational excitement . In this state of ienoranceand . of feeling , France , Germany , Russi ., and Italy are attempting to form Constitution * and Codes of Laws , for which they are as yet totally unprepared-being without the re quisite preliminary knowled ge . They are wasting time and means in devising incon . gruitiesjwhich they call constitutions , that will soon bejas useless as waste paper . n Paj fosenffaged ; Jn . making ;; these new Constitution 8 . a . nd Codes of Laws . ar « v » t . „„_

      acquainted with the elements ofsociety . They know not human nature ] they " are ignorant of the causes of good and evUi-of truth and falsehood-of repulsion and attraction , among the human" race . How , then can they understand the principles requisite to enable tl . en to make constitutions and Codes of Laws for ' the right training and governing of any portion of mankind ? Did they know the laws of humanity , the principles and practices of well ,-forming character from

      m ™ , tnetoments orsociety , its MtmalconstrychonAthebest mode of producing and distribute walth rQfgoverning loyally and generally , and also possess a practical knowledge of the science f jhe overwhelmin g influence cfdrcumstmtmvver human nature s then , indeed , they would have some of the elements of the knowledge requisite to give them truei ideas of what a Constitution and Codes of Laws for forming the character and governing mankind should

      oe . let with these acquisition s they would lack the experience how to apply their theoreticalknowled ge accuratel y and successfully to practice ... Experienced practical men can alone succeed in such enterprise . ' ' M ucceeding communications a rational Constitution and Code of Lawsfor Europe shall _ - ! Robert Owen . London , November , 1848 . /

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      • THE CHOLERA . i ~ Woolttioh , Oct . 3 O .-Thre 8 new cues of oholtrs have been jeporfed on boatd the Unite bospitalship from twelve o ' olock je'terday to twelve o ' clock tot' '' » Dd * w » h » ve teen reported as discharged , loerehave been no deaths , and the new oases are n « w stated to have assumed a milder form than bithsrtopwvailed . Almost all the cages of death " , ana even at . acks amongst tie' etnvieti , have oo ourrcd amongst those who hare betn irabjeoted to puniahments or donfinemeBts ia the black-hole , or whose conrtitatum -hw « bten greatly injured to their previous oeune of life Nov . 1 . —There was one hew case reported op to twelve o ' clock yesterday , and one death nn t «

      jwpjye ooiocft to-day , making a tot * offorty-sight admitted , fifteen deaths , sixteen discharged ai re . owereo , » nd ten convalescent . The death which ooour « d today was that of » n infirm patient , paralytiei in one % ¦ and was owing to a ' relapse . The fatal lUueu lasted 118 ih » uts ^ » v *> r me Lo * DOB . Ocr . 31 .-TlePord of Health reports the following cases of otol * a as having ccoor .-od yestordig :-Lflinbath 2 Woilvrich , 1 ; KenSoV ton 2 ; Wandsworth , l ( fa'al ); Sundered 1 . Total nrnnW of ea «» since theoutbresk , 120 ; deaths , 64 . The Wandsworth eass w « that of » Jaw in Ely Place , D . wetStreet , Stath ; Lvmbeth . Id . reference toSnnderland , although thecawsof Asiatio cholera live been very few , the ofter forms of diar -hoe * arc veryorevalent . Yesterday it was reported to Mr Bedford , the coroner , taat two other oonvials had died on , the previous day in the Millbank Priinn frnm

      oooiera ^ These make five deaths ainee Wednesd » y from this disease . A panper in Bermondaey workhouse , named T . Goodman was also attacked vortex day morning with the same disease , and is in a very dangerous state . Ssveral patients are stated to have died from cholera in Peckham-houMi Lunatic Asylum . The parish authorities of Caniberwell have mned a notioe fer t' : e abatentent of nuisances . EDWB 0 R 8 H . —By a return from the Sanitary Bepartmentof Police / dated October 27 th . the total number of cases since October 4 were 237 ; deaths 184 ; rtooverifs , 39 ; remaining , 6 f-We regret to state that there ia no abatement of this disease , there being ; no fewer than thirteen Okies hera yesterday one in Leith and one in Newhaven . It . ia painful slsoto have to notice that the fatal oases are very nuaeroM—Five new cases are reported here , and nysideaths . At Leith seven cases have . occurred with five death ? .

      • In Edinburgh the nnmber of casts ascertained on Thursday were 9 ; Friday , 13 ; Saturday . 10 ; Sab bath . 5 . In Leua . on Tharaday , 2 ; Friday , 1 ; Sa turJay . 3 :. Sabbatb . 1 In Nowhaven , on Tnun J * y . I ; Friday , 1 . In all , 52 . Deaths since We ™ lesday , U ; recoveries , 11 . There are 65 oases still under treatment . ¦ . Whubt . —Thonws Atderson was pnt on shore at the port las * , week from the Whitby , then riding in We road , and was pronounced by the doctor to be a «» se of Asiatio cholera . —HuttPadet . lr ° £ tV 7 tbeBoMd of Health received reports of the followme new cases of cholera :-Stepney , 1 latal ; Lambeth , 1 ; Sonthwark . 2 . fctnl ? r . * JL .

      , niTi 2 ' •»?• . . GwwawiBb , 3 ; Braton , i 7 fato 1 ; ?« STn' M !» iS ; 8 b . ' fatal Lsith ? 6 2 fatal , pn Monday , Mr Bedford , the coroner , held two man inquests in the Milibank prison on the bodies of convicts who died frcm e £ dersTorTtk . Z . % i 5 . ^* J Jury retn nied vefdiots in accordance with the teatimony of the medical Ben .-A Bother in " quest waa heldat Sbe , dsrell , on the body of * sailor , p ™« TS ? 4 ! % * from ? « " " returned From woolwiohthe . reptrtswa . favourable . Tbe & . l ! - ? HIltrarGenerti 8 hllW 8 tt »" tot » l ^ eaths duruig last we ^ k were nearly fift y under the average . ¦ .

      On Wednesday , Nov . 1 st , the Board of Health receired reports efthefollowine emu-Stepney , I fatal ; Southwark , 5 , - fatal ; OamterwflV ™ 8 w . ofth BLtKf jt ? Cwoi »« , receive information ? e » Tha . nff » f m ° per 80 M from A ™ fo oh «> lera . I he sufferers were a man and his wife livino Sth 'SsSfiSP * - s i reet ' iSffJK been iSdC I \ ? * > ' ^ had f 0 T wme ttn >; ssu ? ttjffigss £ s :

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      MM gSSOSaSHJB iesmmsss h 08

      Sft . 521 Ue *^« Wt 53 S eSt eSEnMT ? ° i ? ^ ouUMl y »« n « maiid SonrT » * nd tD « tl > ehad upon a previous h ? n fflCfw ^ ^ W > fnendsnever visited Erfthh . ^ } V * l m communicated with him ; f , lt ^ * M bea deIil 8 i 08 » fo'a gentleman IZ ^ V * S ^ T C ° Md Greenwood , the KS ? tl ' ^ . , > " ™» * M » ted withuni . femkmdntBsbybis friends and relatives . Deceased frequently was perfectly rational ; but at other timei ^ f ; . lil « v . l . t 0 ? SP inion tnat h 8 was altogether dBliriOM . « . Vwii « t , 'Temporary insanity . '

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      JHH ^^^^^^ H ^^^ BKa ^^^^^^^ a ^ MS * f * . ' ROYAL FOJtiT ^ HNloiNSWTUTIOJi S Dr Ryan delivered a Sre at this institution oh ' Monday last , opithe influence of . the . Cholera atfd generalepidemiojdiseaBes . ' ' ' -i ¦ . ¦¦^ ;! iS S After a few rematk ' sof anveleineatary charaow upon the constitution of ; the atmosphew / theMrfel kcturerlenlarged npoh the causesWifeSiifpal towns , and , indeed , wherever animaUjfe exiats , tend to * itiaw the air we breathe , and to ' predispoSS to the attaoks of every speoies of epidemic disease . The upctor described the great Sourcesof impure and m * phuio vapours as ansipg . ifirst , from c ' tobuBtion and ! 5 »^! K ?^ . ^^! O 9 % sitio ^ imaland

      IS ^ : n ^ vege ^ le mator ^ He ' sh ^^ ftl ^ that respiration prpdnoed nwon the : rame-effect ini ^ trojin | th . " vii » JqhaU ^ : «| :. ^ irtr ^' 3 iiS ' ion ; and . demoti ! itta ( ed b : Tfexperimw . tB , the effect of Sj ^ jT ^ rf ^ M ^ tue subject , the JDooter enlarged upon tbe noxious gaaesproduced by thft deoomppBitioH of abimaland vegetable matter . someof them being dangerous bat ¦ V ? wS ? ^ e dead »* n »; phetio poisons ; suVphwet ted hydwen and . ph . osphurettKdT hydrtgen , ' being ^ ° lf f ? n « w if present in , the : atmiphwenn imi the most infinitessunalproportioBi . . ¦

      While upon thw p « rt ; of the subjeot , the learned ? n M |^ ra ^ VP ^* ^ cent 0 tt 6 b «« ak ofClioler . en board the Woolwiph eonviet ship , which was in " Ohored off the opening into the river of a www ! rad narrated a ; ca'e of a similar . natUW , which owmwJ jlunag tho . forraer vuit of'the Cholera , in the London Tbelectu'e was illnstrated by numerous and appropriate experiments , all bearing on the subject .

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      GEN ^ eAL CGNFiSRENCE ^ F THfi , MEMBERS OP THE NATIONAI , LAND CGMPiNY AT BIRMIJ ^ - ham . - ;; v ^ : ; . ; . ¦• ,, . .. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ $ " , ( From our own Reporter . ) - A General ConfereHee of-the delegates frees England and Scotland , representing the thousand * who are members of the National Land Company originated by Mr Feargus O'Connor for the purpos of ameliorating the condition of tfee working classa , was held at Birmingham during the week . The sitting commenced on Moidsy , at twelt * o ^ qck . in the Odd Fellows' HaU , King Street , t * £ ittle business was done ( further than arranging P * ^ S ? rOpeedi T ' «««« ww » of thSt& £ » of Mr g'QpiMior , who was unavoidablvdetamed # GreatDodford , one of the estates of tbl Company . The business of the ; day commenced by Mr Doyle proposing that Mr James Sweet , the detoga ^ from No ttingham / shopld take the chair . . The resolution was seconded and carried unanmously . . . , ; . * ¦' -. i Mr M'Grath was , by another formal resoluttaa . constituted secretary . ; .. . -r < x ^ . > - ""•»»* Credentials were then . presented b y the follein « delegate from their seve ^ diiw ^ a'f J ^ 9 ? ni * ¦ •' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ^ ^ f ^ megdtnfu - ¦[ i Itlfv D . I .- * L , T 1 » ' » « _ 4 i *' l-wJ i . - ' ' 1 '' Ji _ J > ¦ ¦ '• ia

      n V r , 7 v i I . er' : ^ ratt « o . rd Mi James Boltosu Oxford , Mr ^ Kydd , ^ oiidoik Mr ^ J ^ lWood , U ^ Mr Isaac l 8 herWo 6 d , Pre t 6 n !; , Mrlfcl MundX Northampton ; Mr ; Th pma 8 v Saun ^ , WinchS Mr-James ^ rkinson , ; Stpck po ^ 5 r ; thomrs at yheeleJ O'Co »» oryille ;; Mr VilliaSBrook , B a £ burn r Mr SkevingtoD , p ^ by ; Bfc Duncan ' Sbw i nngton , Glasgow ; M James Tailor , Ashtoa- . afe JJ » . W ^ i , * Ea »« d Mitchell , i £ da e ; Mr J . Scott , Lynn Mr John Turner , 8 b * NniL h V T urnetVHull ; Mr James Sweet , JohnShawLeedsMr £

      K ^ A . , ; , * O'Bjien Cheltenham ; Mr T . Hood , TWert ^ Vlg H . Hyatt , Bristol ; Mr G , Hollows ,, WorceaS h l r f , . f « t ! » i . MrJ . Button , M «> 1 Chester ; Mr Daniel Donovan , Msnchesterjr Ife Jeremiah Yates , Hanley ; Mr Martin Jude . fKcw- " : castle ; Mr A . J . Hm * , Birmin ^ M , iM , White , Leamington ; Mr Green , Leicester ; lie r " iSSi ? Sfp Ne . wc ^ : f ; . Mr iohn Bentley ^ Hoa , - ' ¦ ¦ ¦ « eld ; Mr Benjamin . Southworth . Burnlekjit David- Mornson , Swiridori : Mr ' jnw . ni . n L ^ .

      Bilston ; Mr Wells , Mi ^ L' ' . '" T * ' " ^* . fMMt $$ t ^ thV KppWty of the Confe ; feJence adoptifg the . hours of meeting formerly ia use-namely , fo ^ assemble at . nine Vdocfc in tS morning , and adjouru for dinner at one till half-satf two , then re-assemble and sit till five o ' clock in the e a \ ? ^ W move a rejol ^ ion to ^ Unjt effect . . ¦ . "' .. ' ,, ; , a ^^ N 6 ^;^« the i ^ ution . : •* S ? ?^ $%$ ** && ** «»* the Cos . ferencesit till six o clock .,. •„ , , ., ¦; .. ; JJ ; ?^ 8 ndjn ? nt ; havta ^^ Whitens , after ^ Somfdi ^ oa , , 3 ^^ , , » ;/ "J Mr Clark then proposed a resolution , « Tnat speakers , in introducing a motioashorid be confiael tojten minutes and ^ irigenenl ' discusgion , to fi «

      ' mii « ie 8 . . - v -xnis ne thought would ,., by abbrevatiai speeches ; expedite the business of the Coafereace . Mr > O'BEiB ^ s ^ ^ it in sotte cases it woMtx impo ^ Wei ^^ Mpropo sed . byJMr Clark ' s ^ tBsolution to . exp ^ jEfie ^ objects which man y membea ( andh ^ for qnte ^ ad ^ inft ;^^ ; . - ' -Si ¦ . ff ^ WiW -the rtJSoIaKonvifhich : wa carriedunammftpy . ;;;;^; " ' .:, ¦ ;; ; - ,,., , ,, :: : -. P ' ^ f ' ^^ 6 kT w ^^ ^^^' ^ g ji ^^ te ^ m port of the Conference : shpuH ^ . jbje prepared by * tte Secretaryj and circulate ^ amojBgat the members rf the Land Company , In order to do away . with a » . / petition of to ' m ^ pVesmiatioM . whieh had be ta disseminated on former /^ ccanons with respects ' their proceedings . ' :, ' i . • ¦' : ^ Mr HoiiewAY se' ^ ndei the ' rest ^ ntjon . ? Mr Clark informed ' tSerConfcrence that > ae « -

      sures were taken by the dftectdtt ' to , obtain a m and : correct ; . report : off ;; ge »; proceedii ^ . would ' appear tethecpltifflns H ^ NorttemStm * ' A : gentleman was present from the ; office < dl " Oat jonmaly whose d ^ it ' wonM be h > for ' fiialt tfa * public with . an accurate fepprtVwh ^ might bfrHK tferrea to by the memoers of fte laiid Compan * In addition to this ; ' ti « y . Iwoul ^ have as accrediteft - M ?^ . frPm the Secretaryof ~ $ mCffliferenceVwhidi ¦ , would embrace the' minutes ofjtbeir ; uoeeedinjs £ "g ? - ^^ WW ^ % ^ ife eonferenSi W % « PO £ h » fegs , W . wirald . aiwest that ihw ' ^ ^^/^¦ aw- ^ pSs ^ ltaafaS ; ghat day , and take thediscastioeunoa thenrel trammesuhmittedb ^ heairectors liMBB ™^ P

      Mr O'Brien moved - « : ! 3 Phat , | eoaaittee , ens . wsting of seven mtovidoals , snodd fee appointeil t » ¦ try all cases of 'dupVed . eleeti ^^ : ¦ , - "TV " * 1 Bbwabd ^ seconded Mt ijBsob ^ oa . I ^ Several aelegates / snggestiMt ^ , the number < f * delegatesuponthe comim ^^ iwiclbe limited ± * five , and Mr O ^ Brien having comrated to adopt fl * 8 ugg ^ ti 6 n , therfe ? olution iiiU 8 saneaaed ;< 6 rm w « p 388 € Q « ' . "'¦ . ;'; . .. * ¦ j ' . - . The following delegates were , ftfaspnein ted t&e r Election Committee :- ^ Mr O'Brien B& Edward * . - ' MrLinney , Mr M . Jude , and nfrHpikwaii ¦ „;^ T Another resolution wits pissed , pnbriding for thtj :-attendance of the memlers of ^ ^ tfcft ^ BJtcdoB Con- ' mittee at the general deMben ^ - ^ the Coa «

      # Along discussion ensued aja to tte . proprieiy sC Mr Donovan introducing to the w » t « c et the dete- ; gates the case of an allottee upon one of the estates ^¦* T . ^ W ^ 'lt ; w '' 'Mlr- * iiaea that tte matter should rest over . until to-menow , when tie ' casewoold be disposed of . / :. . j , The Conference then , adjourned till nnie o ' ctoi next day . ' : •* ¦' < *¦}¦¦ .. 1 : - ¦ . ¦ ^ VCH ^ :

      = . ; ";¦ . *¦•> ¦ . TUESDAY .- r The 0 onfere > ce re ' -assembled this morainir , « t nine 0 . clock , and the names of the ddemtes haW ' been called over , . ¦ ^ , The minutes of t he previous day ' s proceedinas - were read and confirmed . : Mr Clark called attention to a matter whichfcfi thought ought to be referred to tbe Election Com- : raittee . They were all aware that by the consUJii . turn , of the Company ,, cer tain districts' were en . ¦ '¦ powered to Teturn delegates to the Conference , btl ' innocasehad it beeh ^ considered lawful for aw body of individuals to constitute drfemselves iRto « ¦' ' district , - returning ; . a representative . He-wonM therefore nioye , — ' That . thel retain from O'Cqbnorville be submitted to " the Blection Coinmktce >

      Mr Wheeler said , that- th > wtfnot aiase 0 ^ disputed election , but a . que 8 ^ onvtwolving '; : a enstt principle . The allottees upoitlre ^ esiate bad soft him there to llook after their ; fctereste ; Ttaf had furaishe 4 . hin ) : wiih ; instrncl ^ BS ! having reft * . ence to the leases , an ^ t to ottwrrmaiters ,- and fee thought that no objection cobli jb *«» ed to that bwng represented : irithe ; qo > feeeaee ? ri ° - ^^ .- . Mr M . Jude ' thought it 6 > ly proper that Ma-Wheeler should be preset ,, if not * a deJefci . te . st least as a deputy from ^ G > itoryaife ,- ^ without tte liberty 0 ; voting ' ¦¦ ' a ^ V . p . ^ ; ,. v ^ ' .-. MrCtABKsaid , 1 b | r ;» tl 5 e «^; cooMbB . ente& . u * 1 ° SW" * ' ^ Pl ^^ ' 4 % M «» bnt wbit he and the o % r directors prpteied arainU waa , that any twen : y . five ; 6 r s ^ miltr bodyirf ; fi > S ihoutt by the ^ r representative : have " as .. atAikht in t \ 2

      conference as " diBtnc ) 9 nuBbermg «« oVW O » sand members . This , wquldv be i " : most uncqai system of representatjbn . ' That was onegtoundS objection ; another wisfed invtbe ftci , that ithese men had . censtitute ^ themselves . ' If they P * . mrtted this breach oftheir roles ia on * caae , th » would find districts of twenty-five pewons risinjr fe every direction . " If they made rates thw ought to be abided by . He scarcely ! tuwght it would te consistent- with any principle ointimm commoa

      nonesiy , to permit the allottees ihronga ' their iep « . sentatives to say what rents they should pav , or whether they should pay any at all . U must not be forgotten that there were other iateresta beside those of the allottees to be consulted . They had the Company to consider also * They did not seek to deprive the allottees of any ri ghts , but at the same time he thought the force of the objection *' " had urged would be seen and appreciated , faae persons ware alread y represented by the delegate from the district , and to permit Mr Wheeler to sit there , would be giving two votes instead ot one .

      1 I A n a few observations from Mr Wheels * . Mr M . Jdde moved , and Mr Nisbet seconded * motion ,- ' That the Conference do not entertain tie election of Mr Wh aler as a delegate , but that * permits him a seat without a vote , in order fa watch over the interests of the aUottm at O'Coanorville . ' The resolution Was carried . , , The correspondence from the severaK ' dHttfc ^ n throughout the country was then rea& / 7 v > V- } ¦¦¦< " ? MrxDonovan then proceeded tojxi . kfe + or ! a « " Conference the case of Mr BndthawtttSIB ? dlottees . He ( Mr Donovan ) had ool » Wefe ^^ nmm of the ^ facU of fhi cm ^ gl ^ ffi )

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      ; f TDB ?^ i ^ . y . PBR MB o ^ oj ^ oa . ^ . erth ' jr , Morgan o . ' o ° o " V . £ . 1 . 4 . HotherhamV' 0 18 e n ? , f v ' Barrow l »« <> SSiis . !?« S ; ; : - j s as « * - ; saffi-iw ¦**¦ ¦ . - i » J'VZST ¦ ; i \ l ' ..... , , . _ ; £ u i a ^^ :.-li : | fflB ! B »" ;« . ; :- - ¦ ' ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - . • •• am „ ¦ ' AID FUND ; ¦ " —* Preston Brown » .. „ „ „ „ j BONDS , - > ° *¦*¦ James Turnbull M , „ „ . 1 Q c . , Land Fund ... „; . Expense Fund Z '" 2 { ; J « S ^ . \ j : = ; , .= . - 4 jJ , i , ¦ . - ¦ . :. ••; . ¦ . . . . * - ; . ¦¦ jil _ Kl

      , ¦ : . ' Wst . Dixoir . - , OHBISTOPHEa boMH , ' "¦ . a Thos . Cikak , ( Oorrei . Seo . ) ' .: ' . 1 VICTIM FUND' ' : CharterviUe , j *™™ * *^* : ' .. . ! Arnold ? .. ' iU '^ T' ^ 'F ' Ditto , CWllU 8 , ¦ :.. J | : { MWayle ; . . 0 5 8 ¦ ¦ ' ¦ : , ' ' . , « q 8 ^ 11 « liuvi * " « " »« "H » O »«« . - : Mr MitchiBSon , An Enemy to ^ WJ 5 an « - " : ° 5 3 Oppression , Fo'M ™ Ciffey . 2 nd Subscription l 0 0 xS&t ,: ijs ^ f - ¦ •»• V , £ 111 8

      Baraitaple , per Heath and Parley . „ H - O ' a ; B 1 . v .. - FOR MBS M'DOUALIi . . ' Ja , v **?>*•;; - . . Hew Bradfwd , ¦ . ' . •* 8 S ^) - *}*; : r : **^ ; ± i l : :. . .. : . ' ¦ ¦ ; ' ¦ ¦ ia 8 to FOR DnM'ppUALL'S DEFENCE ' w : ' ¦« ^ " ^ . "'w . ' ajBrt . ' . ' .: i ' . ' Truro , perWi ; BurrIdge >; * ; U' '¦ „ : ¦ M ~ o a , 0 "¦ ¦• • :: ^ Ml ^ OT ; , ? pi > ' . v : ¦;> : ' ¦¦ ' . ¦ - ¦•¦ ! - S 0 , City - ^ if 0 " 2 ^ 6 , N OrthShtelds . » . 0 . 4 ' 8 ; im ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦/¦ r ¦•; ; = . £ 6 ' i \ i ¦ ¦¦

      ¦ ¦ ' ' . y . aVf r . _^ ,- - . . M i ¦ - ¦ ' 'iMfoyiBiwn pond . " : " ' '" ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ nu i V 6 ' * wiv » n « t « , mm ' . ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦¦' .:-n l ' lt : ' fl Berry Edge , J ) Hesketh . y ....: 0 « e . Maughan . « ' 0 l | 0 ¦ " " . ' ' ' ' . " ' ¦ " : ' - ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ' ' •¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦! . ' - ' a ^ . if !^ Worth Shields M „ ,, ; ,, ;•' : „ . , ; „; ; ; o- ^ ft ; ' ' ' ' ' ¦• ¦ " - ¦ - ' - ' - ' ¦ ' ' ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦ . ' . ; - , ^ -S . -

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      Emigration , ( says the Ntnagh Guardian ) is rspidly increasing throughout the country . Any man who has the means to carry him is going to either America or Sydney , in consequence of the impoverished state and gloomy prospects of . his native land , of trade being deteriorating , of labour not beine procurable , of business or the outlay of capital not being profitable , of commerce being paralysed , and of pauperism being increasing , and witlr if heavy and rumous rates . This has been the cause of the tide of emigration which is daily rolling onfrom thii

      country to tbe shores of-America , and of hope having fled from , and despair-having taken possession of , tbe Irishman s bosom , with regard to its country ' s future prosperity and independence . In this town and io , th evillagea surrounding it , may be seen many unoccupied houses ; in which , some time ago , siness was briskly carried on . but latterly the inhabitants of which have been compelled to emigrate and try their fortune aud industry in a foreign country At a Meeting of the Ernest Jones locality , the following resolution was passed unanimously -.-That the thanks of this meeting be given to Mr Ford , Ba . ker , 11 , Berwick Street Soho , for his liberal contribnbons to the Victim Fund , and we trust that such conduct will not be lost sight of by the Chartists oi this district .

      ALtBOKD CONYIOTIOK OF « I » N 00 BNT Pbpson-In the Third Court , at the Central Criminal Sort « a Taesday , MrPayne , the barrister , appHed to tl e Le » rned Commissioner . Mr Bullook . on behalf of a female , named Burrows , who m tried on Saturdat for feloniously wceiving . part of £ 100 worth of gold penci owes , whioh bad been stolen , and , with tbe principals , was convioted and sentenced to seven that he had been engaged for the ptisoner / but owine to the case bavin * been suddenly called on , ostorul tara , she had not had the benefit of oJ £ eL m'had he saw a report of it in the newspaper ^ .- The Mistme * most solemnly asserted her innocence iflR jury had stated that they convictedI thT ^ L

      ? Zr 22 T "> r m P ex P wti » n of the eviden ; against her , the prisoner ' s friends had institntod w inquiry into the matter , and oimmstances Snlate 5 isssiass ssprsti StT ? 4 ' -- »»""™' . S JSJ « ° W ^ t 0 be 1 Bnooe * t . and by that course confidence in the administration ofjustioe would then be promoted . The Learned Commissioner , after consulting with the Recorder , said that all thoueh it would place him . when the mntlnr .. » . « .

      be determined , in the unpleasant position of both Judge and Joty . it was of suoh serious importance to . be sure that an innocent person was not transported , and to afford tbs prisoner the advantage of the aio otheroonnseJ , of whioh . it appeared , she had been deprived , that he would order the sentence of tratsnorkationto be respited , though , at the same time , he held out no hope favourable to tbe prisoner . Toe prisoner was informed that the sentence was reipited , when she again asserted that shewaB innocent , and moral of her friends in court BUt ^ d that her innocence would be ihown beyond question . Capt . Swjrny

      Meunoholt AcwDB » T . —On the 17 th ultimo , a M \ ! £ WSLW' "" of MrJohnMartic , miller , ot Tredake Mills , in the pariBh of LantegloB , while lying on Borne bags of own , playing with an arrow , in the mill-houBe , overweighed his balance , and fell into the mill , whioh was working at tbe time , and , lamentable to state , W » head was instantly crushed to atoms . The father , being in tbe mill . honge at the time , heard the boy call Father !' and the next moment , before assistance could be randered , heardth « head crush to piece a between tbe Ii * u \ fttb m $ * 8 wate » t grief , took the JS i . 5 ' t fe wa ? ? & > Bnd - in tba a ^ -of taking the body home , fell iasensible to the ground with ww corpw «

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 4, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1495/page/5/