Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th January 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 2, Untitled Article

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- ?AH£B THSOUetHOUr THE GLOSS, hollowatFs pills.
- _ a ¦¦MT^p^pgTflMSMl]BMBf^BlBSlMBWBWBBsBSSBflBttBBSSBSBBB B FS BillMM*JWM»rw^^ i ¦¦¦ THE3 RATIONAL MODE OF PERMANENTLY AND PEACEABLY ADJUSTING THE PRESENT DISORDERED STATE OF EUROPE.
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  A CASE OF DROPSY . Extract of a Letter from Mr William Garner , of Hanging Hasghtoa , UoctbaiBpronshire , dated September lift . 1847 . So Professor Holleway . Sis , —1 feefare iafonned yem that » y wife kadbeon tapped tkree times for tie dropsy , bat by the blesEiig oi God upon jour pills , and her ptrssveranee in taking them , the water has naw been kept off eighUen months by their aeans . waica is a great mercy , ( Sigmed ) "Williak Gaidkeb ,
  
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  THE BEST APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOU 5 Medicine for General Use is Frampton ' s Pill of Bealth , which effectually relieves the stosach and bowels by gentle relaxation , without griping or prostration of Etrengtii . The / remove bead-ache , sickness , dizziness , pains in ihs chest , &c , are highly grateful to the stomach , promote digestion , create appetite , relieve languor and depression of spirits ; while to those of a full habit and free livers , who are continually suffering from drowsiness , heaviness , and singing in the head and ears , they oner advantages that will not fail to be appreciated . This medicine has for many years received the appro * val of the most respectable classes of loeiety ; and in confirmation of its efficacy , the following letter has been kindly forwarded to Mr Prout , with permission to publish it , and if requisite , to refer any respectable person to its author : — ToMr Front , 229 , Strand , London . ' Hearitrso , Exeter , April 24 , Mi .
  
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  , VSDER ROTAL PATROKAGB . PERFECT FREEDOM FROM COUGH , In Ien Minutes alter use , and a rapid Cure of Asthma and Consumption , and ill Disorders tf the Breath and Lungs , is insured by DR LOCOCK'S POLMONIC WAFERS . The truly wonderful powers of this renedy have called forth testimonials from all ranks of society , in all quarters of the world . The following have beea just received : —
  
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  assssss ^ , ¦ .. „ ,.,. . = Tasingeriand public speaker * t&ey are invalmafcls , as ifi tw » hours they rcmeve all boarswess amd increase tha power and flexibility of the TOice . * Th « y kav » » » ° * pleasant taste . Prica Is lid ; 2 s 9 d ; and Hi per box ; # r sent fcy past for is 3 d , 3 s , or Us 6 d , by Ba Silya & . C » ., 1 , BrideJana , Fleet-street , London . * , * Soldby all Ifedldna Vendor * . BSWABE OF IHITAT . ON 5 .-Unpri » ei »^ »^^ JSl « mints and others ) prepare Counterfeits of that popular rimed * 'Dm . Locock ' sPdimwic ^« bs . ' Purchasers are therefore cautiened not t « purchase any ' Pdmonie Medicine or 'Wafers' unless tie words Da Looock s wakm' appear te WWta L . tt . rs on a Red Oromd , oh the QoTorainent Stamp oufrid «« aci B «; without which all are ceunterfeits and an imposition .
  
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  TW ENTY-FIFTH EDITlOK . Ituttrated by Twenty-six Anatomical Engravings on Steel . On Phyried DiaquaUjloafons , Generative JtHapattfy , onci Impediment ! {« Jferria # e . lew and improved edition , esJargcd to 196 pages , price 3 s . 6 d . ; by post , direst from the Establishment , 3 b . 6 d . ta postage stamps . THE SILENT FRIEND ; medical work on the exhatutlem amd pkyiieal decay of Che system , produced by excessive iBdulgeaei , tha consequences of infection , or ike abase of mercury , with obssrvafic-ns oa the married state ani tke disqualifications whicB prevent it ; illustrated by meaty-six coloured anzravings , and by be detail ml atscs . ByX . asiL . PERRY and Co ., 19 , BerierB-stmt , Oxford-street , Lon . don . Published by the authors , and sold » y Strange , Si , Patarnoster-row ; Hannsy 63 , and Sangsr , 151 , Oxfordstreet ; Starie , 23 , Tichbons-strett , Haymartat ; and Berdon , 146 , Leadenhall-street , London ; J . aid R . Seimes , and Co ., LeithwaUc , Edinburgh ; D . Caapbdl , oxgTll-etreet , Glasgow ; i , PriMtlj , Lortotroet , and T . Newton , diarch-street , Liverpool ; R . H . Ingram , Jaxket-place , Manchester . Part tke First
  
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  Unexpected Interview with her AIajhstf . —Among the many visitors to the late cattleshow in London was a Norfolk farmer , who on his return home said , after I had been to the show , and carefully examined the different animals ; and given my meed of praise to their breeders and their feeders , I thought I -would devote a spare hour to another exhibition in the same neighbourhood—Madame Tussaud ' s celebrated waxwork . Accordingly I presented myself at the door , and paid my money . On entering I was surprised to find ayself the only spectator . Undisturbed for some time , I wandered about , looking with astonishment at the waxen effigies , habited in their gorgeous apparel . In a few
  
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  hP ^ Z- ° ?^ O fee u Perceive » or think of the small ni in ™ r gS"MlSea ! ewhJch « Brr ° und and operate upon The ? Z ™ } ° J ? eatS an ^ intercourse with the world " ^ sgr fssfffsftane . S 3- ; ft ^? w ? a ?* s » sf sppssaslls g ^ lSH ^ si
  
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  Law 19 . — " That under institutions formed in accordance with the principles of the rational system of society , this superior know , ledge and these superior dispositions may be given to the whole of the human race without chance of failure except in case of organic disease . "
  
  REASONS FOR THIS LAW . _ The institutions of society contribute essentially to form the characters of those placed under their influence . It is important therefore that they should be all devised to have a consistent and beneficial influence upon young and old •—devised to give them superior knowledge and to create superior dispositions , not for a class , or sect or party only , but for all in every country . And when based on true principle * , that is , on principles in accordance with the laws of nature , they may be devised to have these beneficial influences only , and thus to ensure a continual progress in knowledge , goodness and happiness in all not afflicted with organic disease . While under the new
  
  circumstances , created under tVe rational system , the chance of any being afflicted with organic disease would continually diminish and would rapidly decline through every succeeding generation , until all such defects will cease , and under the overwhelming influence of continued superior circumstances , die their natural death . And while this change shall be in progress , and until this happy period shall arrive , those afflicted with physical , mental or moral disease will be comfortably provided for , and well cared for , so far as their peculiar case will admit , to ensure them the happiness that can be given under their disease . The happiness of all , as far as practicable , being the foundation of all rational religion .
  
  Law 20 . — "That in consequence of this superior knowledge , and these superior dispositions , the contemplation of natme wA \ create in every mind feelings too high , sublime , and pure to be expressed in forms or words , for that Incomprehensible Power which acts in and through all nature , everlastingly composing , decomposing and recomposing the elements of the universe , producing the endless variety of life , mind , and of organised form . "
  
  REASONS FOR THIS LA . W . Man , during the irrational state in which alone he has hitherto existed , has imagined every kind of crude , absurd , inconsistent and contradictory notion respecting the Cause of Creation and its continuance in ever changing progression . And yet upon this subject he is no further advanced in knowledge than were his early savage ancestors . He has also devised endless forms and ceremonies the most childish , uncouth , and fantastic , by which the votaries of eaoh profess to intend to glorify , honour and please that Cause of which they have not the slightest knowledge , and to which , by any thing they can do , b y all their utmost
  
  efforts of body and mind , they cannot effect a particle of good . And for man to imagine that a being like him , an insect upon a planet , itself less than a grain of sand compared with the universe , could glorify the origin of nature by any of his insect proceedings , is the most irrational and absurd of all irrational conceptions . But in this senseless course has man , even until now , wasted his faculties and sub * stance on fancies entirely imaginary , and thus has he been made , by the priesthood of the world , an insane mental coward , afraid to look at or investigate facts of the last importance for him to fully understand , because essential to his own permanent happiness and to that of his race .
  
  By a rational education from birth , superior knowledge , and superior dispositions will be ensured to everyone , and these will create in all , when they contemplate nature , feelings too high and too pure to be expressed in forms or words , for that Incomprehensible Power which acts in and through all nature;—a power which , to our conception , ig everlastingly composing new forms of existence ;
  
  decomposing them , and recomposing others to supply their places . And thus the elements of the universe , by internal laws of attraction and repulsion ' eternally unite and , ' separate , creating new forms , which exist for a longer or shorter period , and then returning to their original state are re-formed into new compounds , the object of which changes are yet beyond human knowledge .
  
  These elements of nature , so far as facts have been discovered , appear to be the eternal elements of the Universe , out of which by their own internal unchanging laws all things are made to exist , and their varied combinations produce the endless changes of life , mind , and of organised form , What future facts may disclose respecting these , to us , wondrous powers of nature , no man can foresee or foretell ; but the excited and agitated state of the civilised world indicate the probability that the human race is about to enter the confines of rationality , and terminate the irrational state in which it has hitherto existed .
  
  Law 21 . — " That the practice or worship of the rational religion will therefore consist in promoting , to the utmost extent of our power , the well-being and happiness of every man , woman , and child , without regard to class , sex , party , country , or colour ; and in those inexpressible feelings of admiration and delight which will arise in all , when made to become intelligent , rational , and happy , by being surrounded from birth by superior circumstances only . "
  
  REASONS FOR THIS LAW ; Men have been hitherto so trained from their birth , in falsehood , mysteries , and all manner of irrational conceptions , whims , and fancies , which they have called religion , that , at first , they will have difficulty in understanding what true or rational religion isi They do not know yet that religion is to do good ; and that to do the greatest amount of good to the human race , regardless of all petty and local distinctions created by ignorant and prejudiced men is the very essence of all that is valuable in the only religion that can be true . All else called religion in any part of the world is rank insanity , and proves only the extent to which fundamental errors ] carjj irrationalise the human faculties .
  
  How glorious will be that period when none of these insane doctrines of mystery shall be forced into the young mind under the name of religion , and when the new human existence shall be gradually filled from birth with a knowledge of facts onl y , self-evident deductions from those facts , and with ideas all in harmony with each other and with all nature ! ^ That period is approaching , and , from all the signs of the times , its commencement is near . Falsehood can no longer stand the test of plain , simple , straightforward truth ; the power of brute force , aided by fraud , is gradually
  
  diminishing , and moral force is gradually superseding it , and when moral power shall be based solely on truth , well-designed and consistent in all its parts , then will moral power govern the world , and truth will be for ever triumphant . Then will the insane divisions , now so injurious to all , of every class , sect , sex , party , country , and colour , cease to exist ; man will have charity for man over the world , and there will arise one evident interest between all , that will induce them to become , as they are in reality , one family , and to have one language and one feeling that will ardently desire the excellence and happiness of all .
  
  The immediate object of the rational religion is to create this feeling , and its ultimate result to secure the permanent happiness of the human race . But it is now known , with the certainty of a law of nature , that this glorious change can be effected by no other means than by a new Creati on and combination of superior circumstance ? , to educate and govern man , and to enable him in the best manner to create and distribute wealth abundantly , for all and for ever ,
  
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  Of this new combination , which may be made most simple and easy of execution by experienced practical men , all parties appear to be without knowledge , and for the moment arising from their ignorant prejudices , unwilling to give the attention requisite to enable them to understand their highest permanent good . Yet , as of themselves they can think only as they have been taught , and of themselves can do no good thing , they cannot be blamed . But thode who have been so favoured by some new _ _ . — ^ nm ^—
  
  combination of circumstances not of their own creation , as to have discovered these all-important truths , and the standard by which to ascertain truth from falsehood , are called upon to discover and make known the means by which mankind shall be induced to abandon falsehood , and to adhere to , and love truth for its own sake , and be enabled to perceive the incalculable difference to all , when surrounded by vicious , injurious , inferior circumstances , and those only which are superior from the birth to the death of each , and through the whole business of the life of everv one .
  
  Finally , the rational religion will enable and induce man to create those circumstances only which will produce GOOD to allj while the spurious find false religions of the world , hitherto , have trained all to be imbecile in mind , and to create those circumstances only which produce EVIL to all . This is the change now coming upon the world—man has ^ hitherto existed under irrational and evil circumstances ; he is about to emerge into those only which are rational and good . Robejit Owen ,
  
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  THE SANITARY QUESTION AS CONNECTED WITH EPIDEMIC CHOLERA . A highly intereating and useful address on the sanitary question , especially aa it is connected with epidemic cholera , was delivered a few days ago by Mr Grainger to a crowded audience in the lecture-hall of St Thomas ' * Hospital . Mr Grainger commenced his address by observing that the sanitary question waa one of the moat important that could pojsibi / attract the attention of those who were devoted to the cultivation of medical science . It must be apparent to all who had watched the progreBsof late inquiries , 'that the great questions whioh concerned the welfare of the human
  
  family as to heBlth asd life were to be sought far in the way of prevention rather than of oure ; and the experience of the past justified him in asserting that this was one of the great missions of medical science , inasmuch as it was found that the ravages of tbe diseases whiok had aff licted mankind had not been cured —had not been stayed by cure , but by prevention It was qnita certain , from watching the progress of human civilisation is the western parts ef the world , that the great diseases which destroyed mankind had been Btopped by civilisation , not by medical science ; that waa to say , in an enlarged expression of the term , diseases the xnoBt destructive had been met by civilisation ratber than by medical ueans . In illustration of this , it was only necessary to mention the
  
  plague , which was formerly the chief pestilence of oar own , as of other countries . The platue wai rb virulent and destructive , and difficult of management , at the present day , as it was when dtiscribed by Sjdenham . How was it , then , that this country was exempt from it now ? The credit for this exemption could not be claimed by medicine or by medical suience ; and it must , he thought , he confessed that that destructive disease had been arrested by tbe general progress of enlightenment in the western nations , by the better construction ef cities ; by more cleanly habits , not only amongst the poor , but ( he rich ; and , in tact , by the appliance of all those means which we comprehend in the term ' sanitary measures . ' He mould take , as sn illustration of the
  
  benefit of sanitary inquiries , some of the circumstances which were oonneoted with fever . Was fever a contagious disease , dependent , therefore , on human beings meeting together in the intercourse of human society ? Was it a disease generated in the human body and capable of being propagated through the ordinary intercourse of life , ot did it depend upon some external circumstances operatiag on men , but independent of them ? This question of disease being either contagions , or dependent upon external circumstances , lay at the very botton of all sanitary improvements , because it was eertain from all experience , that if destructive diseaBeB were contagious and propagated through human bodies , they could never be eradicated ; for they could not put a step
  
  to human intercourse . The attempt had bees made again and again , and had invariably failed . Quarantines , tordom sanitaim , every possible method of tbat nature for preventing or interrupting human intercourse and tbe spread of disease , had constantly been raet with disappointment . The consequence was , that although these measures were occasionally applied at the preaont day , they had been abandoned almost by common consent , by every government in this part of the world . If it could ba proved that fevers and cholera were not contagious , and tbat they depended upon external circumstances , there was a more hopeful field open ; that was to say , if it could be determined what were the cause and circumstances which were necessary to the introduction or the propagation of these diseases—if they eould be recognised —if they were external , then they might be
  
  controlled . Whether fever was or was not a contagious disease , one thine was granted by all medioal men , that it particularly thrived and flourished in certain districts and localities ; and without at this moment going into the ultimate question whether fever was or was not costagious , it was an important thing for all great communities of men to know tbat they had in their own hands the means of staying the progress of fever , whatever might be its cause . It was invariably found with reference to fever—more particularly the continued fever of this ccmntry and tbe typbeid types of fever—that it prevailed most in those districts which combined the greatest amount of badly emtruoted houses , bad drainage , over crowding and filth ; and that precisely in proportion as these causes were removed the curse of fever was checked and diminished . It bad been
  
  found , without an exception , that wherever sanitary measures were introduced , typhus fever , continued fever , and scarlet fever diminished . In proportion as a district wa 9 drained and cleansed would typhus fever and continued fever diminish . The ratio had been well calculated , So soon aa any part of a town , court , or even a house in a town , was cleansed the fever would begin to diminish . Thus they held a power over disease by the application of sanitary measures . The opinions of writers , and particularly of physicians , upon the Bubjeot were ruled greatly by what they had learned when students in the great medical hospitals where they had been educated . They had been accustomed to see typhus fever in the hospitals , and had witnessed nurses , students , and
  
  physioiansaUackedbyit . But it should be recolected that those nurses , students , and physicians had been immersed , as it were , in the disease , in the very atmosphere which was the cause of typhus fever , and exposed to the pestilential exhalations of tha discharges of typhus patients , which were known to ba very offensive . But supposing the fever patients had not been placed in those hospitals—supposing they had bsen carried to an isolated spot , a hill district , for instance , and assistance given to them there ( then they would be able to see whether the physicians , students , and nursea in attendance upon them in a pure atmosphere would be actually affeoted i > y contagion . That experiment bad , however , yet to be performed . lie had ooneultfid a vast number
  
  of eminent phyaioiana in England , and he had been unable to find one who believed in infection or oon * tsgion in typhus fever . His own conviction was that there was no proof whatever of continued or typhus fever being , in any oiroumstacoes , eontagious . Typhus fever , scarlatina , and cholera were not produced by two causes , far they never saw in nature the same specific remit prodnced by two different causes . Seeing , then , that in proportion as sanitary measures were carried out in towns , streets , and houses , fever diminished , so he believed , if sanitary measures were universally introduced and completed , we should hear little of such a thing as typhus fever . In consequence of the filth and over crowding of human beings into habitations which were unfit fer
  
  the residence of man , in the moat unhealthy districts of England , it appeared , that of 100 . 000 persons bom 50 , 000 would die under the age of fire year * . These districts were Liverpool and Manchester , Naw , this question of disease did not touch that of food . It wiseertain that the inhabitants of Manchester and Liverpool , taking them by tkousands , consumed a larger portion of animal food , and were better warmed than the people living in the country . It was not a question of food , then . It was something especially relating to the aggregations of men . | It wbb not poverty . And the same thing would be apparent in regard to cholera . Turn to one of the healthiest counties in England , Surrey ; and when they saw that
  
  of 100 , 600 persons born in that county , only 20 , 000 would die at the age of five , was there not great cause for inquiry presented in this fact ? Whereas one half or more of those who were born in the pea . tileutial centres of our rawufettam perished under the age of five , and only one-fifth died in an agricultura ! district ; was it not enough to stir up all the mental powers that could influence and direct hnman soeiety ? The tables from which he had cited this told some very terrible things . It had been found , for instance , with reference to Liverpool , that the average at which the gentry died waB forty-three years , or it was four or five yeara ago ; and that among the mechanics and o peratives ihe average age at which they died was fifteen , sixteen , or seventeen years . ; the operative lost , therefore , twenty-eight years of human existence . Was that a state ot things
  
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  i . that wild be satisfactory ia an enlightened eemnu * nity , and in a Christian land f Then it was to be observed that in those very districts where the greatest amount of mortality prevailed , the human raoe had most increased—a thing that was most unexpected . It had been proved by th « very mathe . maties of civilised society , statistics , that where the average age at death was low , the increase of population was great , a result which eould not have been foreseen bat by faots that were not to be controverted , In those" distrusts where , in conssquenoe of habits of
  
  recfclwBneBB and indifference to aU that constitutes the greatness of hnman nature , and the apaihy engendered by aioknesB , Buffering , and want , it was found that human , life was so muoh curtailed as to individuals , it inoreased as to the species . If therefore , they would dinunun the amount of mortalit y they would diminish that increase of population . which to some persons presented bo fearful an wpeofc in ike history of our times , but whioh need not present that aspect if men would rightly understand the appliances under their control , because they knew that the land of this touHtry might be made eapable of producing a quadruple or quintuple the amount of food necessary for its present inhabitants , and that by the applicatiam of science . He would proceed in the next place
  
  to make a few observations with reference to the disease which at present showed itself fearfully in some parts of the eountry . lightly as it mieht be supposed in others , bntsigsificantlyin all . There had come forte , from the east a disease which seemed st fitafc to obey no recognised or known laws , capricious to appearance in its visitations , presenting exceptions whioh could . not then be explained , and yet , when viewed , not in ita exceptional points , but upon the basis of facts and statistics , came directly within known laws of diseases—nay , obeyed especially the laws of that disease with which we were so well acquainted—namely , fever . It followed the same habitatattaeked the same classes , and affeoted the
  
  , same age . Oat of 23 , 000 persons attacked by cholera in St Petersburg , 17 , 000 were between the agea of eighteen and forty . That he mentioned upon the authority of his esteemed friend Dr Southwoed Smith , and it showed that the disease affected the most valuable memtera of socisty , and that j co use the words of that admirable philanthropist , -of all taxes thataffeet the country , tbe heaviest is the fever tax . ' This disease did , however , obey certain definite laws , and one of the most important iacta with reference to it had been determined by the Me . tropoliten Sanitary OommiBJJonera-narjely , that the seat of fever was the Beat of cholera . It obeyed of the known laws of epid « mici , though there
  
  many were exceptional cases ; and the rational couna for every medioal man to pursue , was first of all to ascertain what was the great indication of its multitudinous attack ? , and then take the exceptional cash , one by one , and examine them by themselves . If an opinion were of value , he might mention that one of the best writers on tha subject , Dr Rhomberg , pro * fessor of clinical medicine , had stated io him ( Mr firainger ) that the cholera obeyed the laws of epidemic A » d not of contagious diseases . The town of Frankforton-the-Maine had had a remarkable exemption from cholera , though it might bssaid to hare been completely encircled by it , and in oonstant intercourse with the cholera districts- So with toe
  
  kingdom of Hanover ; the only place there which had been visited by cholera was tbe town of Luoenbare ; and it had been attacked in 1832 , in 1834 , in 1837 , and now again in 1848 . Lunenburg w&b situated on the railway—it had a station , aid was ia constant intercourse with the country around ; yet this place was seized especially , and tbe disease had not extended beyond it ! This indicated an epidemic disease , epidemio in that place ; but nothing like contagion . Again , one side of a street had been visited by cholera , whilst the olbsr Bide was exemoted . And at Gluokstadt , on the Elbe , it bad
  
  been known to visit the same room at successive periods , whilst all the other houses ia the neighbourhood escaped . Ia almost every locality visited by the cholera—though there w « re exceptions , but a multitude of cases led to the same conclusion—there were stagnant and pestilential ditches in the neigh bourhood . It was entirely » question of locality , and the dietriota it ravaged were foul , illcleansed , exhaling pestilential vapours into the air , noxious to the smell and disgusting to the sight , and overcrowded with human beings . "Ehey bad probably been startled by the returns of cholera cases at Glasgow . But why was Glasgow
  
  thus specially attacked ? First of all , clearly on account of the habits of the people ; for ha believed there was more dram-drinking practiced in that town than , perhaps , in any other town in Europe . Farther it had an enormously overcrowded and miserable population . For several years past there had been brought into the wretched parts of Glasgow , already snrcharged with inhabitants , about 10 , 000 unfortunate Irish , and that without an additional house or room having been built for their reception . These were facts which Bhould ring from one end of the land to the other ; these were facts which ought to be preached from every pulpit ; so that the oondition of the poor might be everywhere made known ; for what else coold happen but moral degradation , religious desecration , and physical mfferiog , in the midst of euoh a oommanity as this ? It had been found
  
  that the rioh could not escape the penalty , tbat a great number of the highest ranks in Glasgow had fallen victims to the disease ; that the best squares in the city had bee » visited by it , and Glasgow was now like' the City of the Plague . ' It was a striking fact , as showing the beneficial results of eanitarj improvements , that the great fire at Hamburgh destroyed the most unhealthy part of the town—that in whioh oholera and fever had previously made the greatest ravages ; but the new buildings had been csnstrueted on sanitary principles , and the result was that the epidemic of 1848 had scarcely made any advances in the newly-built portion of the city . In fact ninetentfas of the cholera had been eradicated from that
  
  part of Hamburgh . Mr Grainger then described what are most generally the premonitory symptoms of Cholera , enumerating among these , diarrhsji , great anxiety , leBtlesB sleep , incubus , and uneasy sensations about the legs indicating cramp . When a community was about to be attacked , it was invariably found that there was a great outbreak and an immense disturbance in the alimentary canals , an uneasiness and rambling of the bowels , sometimes diarrfc » s , and sometimes costivencss . When a whole population was seized with diarrhssa , it was certainly dependant upon ; the ssme causes as cholera , and it must be considered pathologically as cholera . There was no doubt that the whole of Europe was at this moment under the influence of the cause of cholera , whatever that might be . The premonitory symptoms he had mentioned were the curable etaee of
  
  the disease ; but there was no cure for it when it got to its complete state—that of collapse . The best results which had beea attained by the German pa * thologiats , particularly those of Berlin , was that the first attaok or influence in oholera was upon the blood ; that the firat imprewion was aerial , acting npon the blood , and thus tha blood beoame poisoned . Professor Simon had stated that there waa a great want of bile ; but he ( Mr Grainger ) had in his possession a gall-bladder which was quite distended with gall , so that that could not be the case , He most earnestly hoped , then , that the attention of the pathologista would be directed to the great question of prevention rather than of oure , and particularly to the enlightment of the publio mind upon the subject ; foritmuBt be confessed that there was at pre . sent a lamentable amount of ignorance prevailing amongst all classes respecting it . At this moment
  
  it was a fixed belief of the Irish in Scotland that the medical men of Glasgow were banded together to get rid of them by poison . They even refused to go into the hospitals , because they said they were to be taken there to be poisoned . And now , when the muaifioent hand of charity was extended to them , and sixty medical men had been appointed , at large salaries , to search out the disease and treat it on the spot , these benighted beings eomplained' because we would not go into the hospital to be poisoned , they have sent these medical men to poison us in our own houses . ' There were great dutieB which it waa in
  
  . oumbent upon the rich that they should perform ai they would answer for it at the judgment day and the time had now arrived when they must nQtanriuk from those dntiei , remembering that their wealth wasentrastedtethero aa stewards of God ' s mercy And he congratulated all who were interested in the great question of sanitary reform , that upwardi of ninety towns in England had spontaneously requested th » t the provisions of the general act for im proving the sanitary condition of the country Bhould ba applied to them-a circttmatance which , of itself he conceived to be riehwith future promise . ( Mi Grainge * then concluded his lecture amidst nnani mouB applause . ) Mnani
  
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  The Court of Assizes of the Iaere tried a few days ^ awawfta ? iSfPI-- ' ^^^ ? imPtilJS \ W accordingly declared Uim guilty , With extenuating circumstances , and the Court condemned him to 20 years' hard labour at the attlka . —farw Paper .
  
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  The following interesting document has been placed in our hands , written by one of the inhabitants of Greenhill ' s Rents , near Smithfield ; and as it throws some light upon the state of the slaughterhouse * ia the neighbourhood of Smithfield , and their awfully filthy condition , it shall be given vtrbatm et literatim . '—< TO THE GBHTLBMEtf OOMMISSIOHSBS Or THX B ( UBD Off HEALTH . < Tf e , the respectful Ianabitantt of OreenbiU ' e Renttj Smitbfield Bars , have taken tbe liberty of applying to Ton , and humbly beg for your kiad ABBistanoe ia Oar behalf—Of which is in respect of the drtadjul Nuisanet Of tha ihecking Stench that Arises from the Slanghte *
  
  SMITHFIELD AND ITS ENVIRONS . ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  
  Houaeiand Saeds where they keep A great quantity of Cattle of All Daacflpilom . Those Siudi and Ptemlsts are held by Mr Farle , of the Ram Inn , Smitbfield , Add they are situated at the Baok part of tbe Ram Inn Yard , Of whioh ia wlthiB A Very Short distance from Onto Houaee . Gentlemen . On the Level with our Kitchens ia where they beep a Quantity of Sttllovte . And level witft the Parlour * they keep a Quantity of Pigs & Calvts . Aad Level with our First floor they keep a Quantity of Sheep . And the Distance of these Sheds to the Back of Seme of Oar Heuaea thop are witbin Six Inches Of eaeb other—and Underneath all of tbese sheds there it a large Cavity , of which they Slaughter a Quantity of Pigs , Both on Stndayi as well At Other Bays , And what with tbe Foundation of Our Souses being Decayed By the Rats burrowing between , And the Dreadful Stanch , that ailaei from Thoso Shods and Slaughter
  
  houaei , Together frost the Noise from the Cattle , We Cannot keep our Apartments let long Together . For Our Lod geri Complain and tell ai that they cannot Sleep for the Noise Of the Beasts . And likewise tbe Shoektog Stench that A * i » e » from those sheds &nd ? fe ~ miass , the Djctor Says It ii Enough to Came a Inn . Gentlemen in the next place , there ii &t the Baok part of the Third House from the Corner of GreenhllFg Ksnt * , A Very Isree Slaughter house , where they Kill a great quantity Of Bullocks , And the Quantity of Blood and Filth That they Wash down the Drain it rum into the Water Closets belonging to the Inhabitants of ttM Adjoining Houses of GreenhlU ' s Rents , And causes inch a dreadful Stench that we ore Obligated to Hart our Stsrsat Door * And Windowi Open before we CBQ got any , ' 4 c ., &o . ' This paper has fourteen signature !! atlaohed to It ,
  
  < Well may the poor complain , and gladly avail theM < aeWoi of an opportunity of making their sorrows known , ' This Brtlese , ' but faithful . picture of ( he herrors we would fain see banished from our city , tells , with pattu fal truth , what a a ore classic compensation would fall adequately to describe . The bullocks on a level with and within eli inches of the kitchens ; the parlours In . Tasted by tbe calves and plga ; and tbe bad . rooms In * vadeiby sheep , and all this piled upon a filthy underground pig Slaughter-house . No wonder the poor lodgers should rsfuB * to lire in euoh a psst-bouse , or that tbe ) filth and stench should be deemed by the medioal men as likely t » produce fair . '—( From Join Bull ' s Para j > W « l on ihe Horrors of Smthfie'd . )
  
  Untitled Article
  
  THE TEN HOURS ACT . Manchbstbr , Monday . —The recent adverse decision of the magistrates of this district , in reference to the working of relays , and the general adoption of that uystera by the masters , has caused the factory hands of this city to take measures to proteet tha Factory Aots . On Saturday night a meeting of np " wards of seventy delegates frem the sereral millfl was held at the Woodman ' s Hut Tavern , Great Aa « ooats . Mr Charles Hindley , M . P . for Ashton , attended the meeting .
  
  The chair waa occupied by Me Daly , an operative * who briefly stated the objects of the meeting , and then called upon Mr Dindlejr to address the dolegates . MrCnARLEB Hindlet , M . P ., thencame forward " , and observed that it was exceedingly desirable that they should bare a distinct notion of what they weft about . Tbe history of the Factory Act , was known to them all . ' They should nst duguiee from them * ¦ elrea that they had a strong oonvictian that tha passing ef the Ten Hours Aot would have the effect of preventing the unwilling toil of a great many mala adults . At the same time he was not prepared to ex * peot it would have been possible to secure suoh aa amount of adult male labour as towerk more than
  
  ten hours per day . Bat . what waa the result ? Thef had a great many adult males employed fburte * n hours and fifteen hours per day . ( Hear , heart ) Against ; this the aot afforded no protection : and ha candidly admitted that , if either Lord Ashley , Me Fielding , or himself were to go to the House of Commons , and ask it to pass an act to protect adult males in factories , he would be laughed at . He should ba told it was an invasion of the sight e { an Englishman to prevent a man from working as long as he pleaied , ' Under the prosperous circumstances in which trade waB likely to be , this practice would very probably extend to a greater degree than at present . ( Hear , hear . ) He told them , with pain and anxiety , lie was afraid , as far as a few masters were concerned , if the factory hands did not take steps for their own protection , that the aot , instead of being an advantaga would entail more labour upon them than ever they
  
  had before , ( lltar , near . ) For if those decisions wbish had recently taken place in the magisterial courts Allowing the relays oi femaleB and young persons were to be considered a true interpretation of the law , the adult males would have to work tba whole time of the relays . ( Hear , hear . ) Therefore , if it wm allowed to begin with adult females and young perBosa at half-past five o ' clock in the morn * ing , the adult males most be there , and when the ? closed at half-past eight in the evening with tha second relay , the adult males should be there also * - * perhaps , even until nine o ' clock—for they did not suppose that it was the intention of the masters to employ relays of adult maleB . ( Hear , hear . ) Thia waa not at all necessary for their purposes ; but what they intended was to get the adult males to work the whole of the time , and to make their laboar effective by joining it to the relay svstem . m «™ .. i
  
  The question now divided Itself into two parts the first wag , the observance of the law itself , which waa m many instances most flagrantly Violated : and secondly , the question was , whether the adult malea should not take a position for themselves , and asoer . tern whether by common consent they could not form a union which should determin e that the adult malea of Manchester and its vicinity would not work moFfl than ten hww a day . ( Applause . ) He ( Mr Hindlay ) felt that the great majority ot the masters . ' though they might ba anxious to make the most of their capital , were not unwilling to work tea hours a day , provided that they knew tbat their competitors ! in business were compelled to do the same—( hear heart-but lethimput it to them , as Englishmen ! whether it was right to force one master to work tea hours a aay , and to leave another master to work fifteen hours ?
  
  a day ( Cries of No , no . ') If ona master was apt : upon the same footing with another , it was impossible for him to maintain his ground . ( Hear , hear . ) Of the two masters which weuld the ? wiBh to see maintain his ground—the humane master , willing to work ten hours a day , or the roast * who , trampling on all the rights and feelinca ol humanity , was dstermined to screw oat of flesh and blood tha last penny ! ( Cries of 'The ten hours master . ' ) He ( Mr Ilindley ) wanted them to support those masteri , to Bay to the world that whateverwia done for one should be done for all . ( Hear , hear i Why not be just to Mr A . aa well as to Mr B . ! -and if Mr B . was to work fifteen hours , then every other master m Manchester ahonld work fifteen honre also . ( Qwr . bear . ) Lattbem say thia under the direction of men with authority and influence , and they wonld not say it in vain . ( Hear , hear . ) As far as helM *
  
  mnaiey ) could ascertam . there was a universal fed , ing mfavour of the Ten Hours system . ( Hear / hearT ) Ho wished to hate the asaurauoB of those who wow present that the operatives ef Manchester and its vicinity were in favour of ten hours a day . Mr Johkbon then read the subjoined resolution . " agreed teat a meeting of delegates from theTS mills in Manchester and Salford : — « That we thE o » eratiye cotton spinnew of Manchester , S * ltord , and their vioinitics , in general meeting tMeafirf do herebydeclareour approval of the prinoiplw of tha Ten Hours Act , and eur unalterable detimiStioS that feeling should be earned btoefiS - andifhi *!™ A ™?? * A the great JS ^ 'Sr . SA
  
  £ "" ~ . «« w » ijnnaTOur © i the Ten Hours Aot . he would not be afraid te say that at the id of ten igSSSSsSBO ^ pftasB g « 2 * [? « M . rabl 8 they should petition Parlia . ? £ & « . . * £ J y and he had not the slightest doubt that tto interpretation given to the act by the iwoMcentdeoisioni was erroneous . ( Hear , hear . ) . ™ T Tera' delegates addressed the meeting , assuring Mr Hindley that all the hands in the mills in which they worked were in favour often hours a day .
  
  The Skcrhtahv to the Short Ticte Committee ex * pressed the pleasure which he felt at seeing the factory workers of Manchester assume their present petition , and evince their determination to hold what they had got , and improve what waa improvable ia the Ten Houra Act . At the suggestion of the Secretari , a resolution waa paued , asserting the desirability cf forming an asssooiatioH of factory workers for the protection e £ the Ten Hours Aot . A resolution was also passed , authorising the committee for the protection of tha Ten Hours Aot to oall a publio meeting of the factory workers of Manchester , Salford , and their vicinity , for the purpose of forming such an association aa wai alluded to in the former resolution . After votes of thanks to Mr Hindjej $ a 4 { hjB . Chairman , the proceedings terminated .,
  
  Untitled Article
  
  • v -v . -w * - v" nv * - - v " s ^ : o- . . s > \ v - ^^ ,, \ yx 2 THE NORTHERN STAR . January 13 , 1849 . * _ - _ i i ¦ - i iwr t¦—¦¦ mh n ¦ r —^ m ^ m ^^^ i&Bl&GBB ^ B ^ B ^^^ R ^ K ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ BKKB&BlBMMttBKUi BnBK ^^^^
  
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  _ A ¦¦Mt^P^Pgtflmsml]Bmbf^Blbslmbwbwbbsbssbflbttbbssbsbbb B Fs Billmm*Jwm»Rw^^ I ¦¦¦ The3 Rational Mode Of Permanently And Peaceably Adjusting The Present Disordered State Of Europe.
  
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Citation
- Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 13, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1505/page/2/

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_ A ¦¦Mt^P^Pgtflmsml]Bmbf^Blbslmbwbwbbsbssbflbttbbssbsbbb B Fs Billmm*Jwm»Rw^^ I ¦¦¦ The3 Rational Mode Of Permanently And Peaceably Adjusting The Present Disordered State Of Europe.