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Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th January 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      BEAUTIES OF BYRON . Second Series . II . At this juncture , the following poem will most appropriatel y follow the « Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte , ' given in onr last .

      ODB FROM THE WtEHCH . We do not curio thee , Waterloo ! Thoag h Freedom ' s blood thy plain btdew ; There 'twas shed , bat it not sink Ruing from each g « ry trunk , like the water-ipout from oeeso , With a itron ; and growisg motion-It toan , « nd mtEglea in the air , With that of lost Labedejere—With that of him wkose honoured grave Contains th » ' krareit ef the brsre . ' ( 1 ) A crimion elond it spreads and glew «( Bat shall return t « whence it rose ; When 'tis fall'twill bnnt Blunder—Hever yet was keard such tknnder , Aithem shall shake the world with wonder—Never yet w « i seen suck Itghtalng As o ' er Heaven shall then be brigkttntng ! Like the Wormwood Star fereteld By the sainted Seer of oM , S h on ' tlng dewm a fiery flood , Turning rirersinto blood .

      The ohief has fallen , but not by yon , Vanquishers of Waterloo ! When the soldier-citizen Swa y ed no t o 'er his fellow-men —• Save is deedi that led them on Wfasre Glory smiled on Freedom ' s sob—Who , of all the despots banded , With that youthful chief competed ? Who could b oas t o ' er France defeated , Till lone Tyranny commanded ! Till , leaded by ambition's etinj , Tke kere inak Into the king ! Then he fell—so perish all . Who wonld men by mtn enthrall !

      And thon , toe , of the enow-whits plane ! ( 2 ) Whose realm refuted thee eren a tomb ; Better hadst thon still been leading Pran c e o ' er hosts of hirelings bleeding , Than said thyself to death and tasme 1 ? or a me a n ly , rojal name ; Such as h » of Kaplea wears , Who thy Mood . bought title bsarg . Little didst thou deem wken dashing :. On thy war-horse through the ranks Like a stream which burst Its banks , ! Widish time ti deft , and sabres dashing ' . Shone and shivered fswt around thee ; Of the fate at last which found thee : Was that haughty plame laid low

      By a slate ' s d l ahone at blow t Once—as t&g moon sway * o ' er the tide , It roll'd In atr , the warrior ' s guide ; Through the smoke-created nigkt Of the blaek and snlpharoas fight , The soldier rsU'd bis setktag eye To catch that crest ' s ascendency—And as It onward rolling rose , So moved his heart npon onr foes . There , where death ' s brief pang was quickest , And tke battle ' s wreck lay tfclckeit , Strew'd beneath the advancing banner Of the eagle ' s burning crest—( There with thunder-clau ^ s to fan her , TFfoconld then her wtog

      arreit—Victory beaming from her breast !) While the broken line enlargteg Tell , or fled along- the plain ; There be sura was Marat charging ! There he ne ' er s hall char ge a ga in ! O ' er glories gone the invaders march . Weeps triumph o'er eaeh levell'd arch—But let Freedom rejoice , With her heart in htr votee ; But , her bani on her sword , Donbly shall she be adored ; Franee hath twice ( 3 ) too tecll been taught The' moral Utson' dearlp bought—HER SAFETY SITS NOT ON A THRONB ,

      WITH CAPET OR HAPOLEOX I But in equal rigTils and laws , Hearts and hands in one great cause—Freedom sack as God hath given Uato ail beneatk his Heaven , With their breath , and from their birth ThoBgh Guilt wonld sweep it from the earth ; Wi t h a fierce and lavish h ae d Scattering nations' wealth like sand ; Pouring naffofts' bUiod lite water , InimptrM twsofslavgUer ! ( I )

      But the heart and the mind , And the voice of mankind , Shall arise in communion—And who shall resist that proud union ? The time Uput vihensworii sMued —\ 5 >) Han may die ; the soul ' s renew'd ; Even in this low world of care F reedom ne er s h all wan t a n h e ir ; MillioHi breathe but to inherit Her unconquerable spirit—When on « wore Ittr hosts assemble , Tyrants sMUbeliete and tremble—Desm they this an idle threat ? CRIMSON TEAKS WILL FOLLOW YET 1 ( 6 )

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      ( 1 ) Marshal Key . ( 2 } « Poer dear Marat , what an end ! His white plnme osed to be a rallyiag point in battle , like Henry the Four t h ' s . He refased a confessor and a baudege ^ so would neither suffer his soul nor body to ha bandaged , — Byron ' s LtUert . ( 3 ) Thrice—Louis Philippe to wit . Yet some political leers pretend to predict a fourth renewal ofthele » aon ! We shall see . — Ed . JV ' . 5 . ( 4 ) What a faithful pletsre of the horrible Austrian despotism . Bear witness the massacres in Galicia ; the bombardment of Lsmberg ; the bombardment of Craoow ; the storming of Vienna ; the blood-reeking soil of Lemkardy ; and last , na l leas t , the war ofdeso lation and extermination at present waged againit Hangar ?!—Eb . XT . S . ( 5 ) True , as -will f « on be seen!—Eo . H . 8 . ( 6 ) This prophecy has been already partly , and wil l yet be fully , realised . Tha crimson te « r » ' of the nations have flowed ; the crimion tears ' of the destroyers ef nations may yet flow!—Ed . A " . 5 .

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      DEMOCRACY IN FKANCE . By M . Guizot . London : Murray . When Dionysius the younger was banished from Syracuse he turned pedagogue , and flogged' Young Corinth , ' to avenge himself for the kicks he had received from Old Sicily . ' All the world knows that England , The cast-out statesman's home / has , since the days of February last , been favoured fcy the presence of the pedagogue statesman Guizot . Though not yet turned ' Dominie '—a la Dionysius

      —the Doctrinaire has resumed his Professor ' s gown , and has just favoured the world with a lecture on the vices and dangers of French Democracy , Though he does not avowedly set up as teacher to ' Young Eng land , ' he has published his lecture in Eng lish for the special benefit of our countrymen . For their amusement he has made ' Young France the subject of his discourse . No doubt he regrets that he cannot make that erratic youth the victim of his rod . How Professor Guizot can lay the scourge on , ¦ when hehas the power , ' Young France' knows , and the world has seen .

      The Times candidly admits that these eighty pages ef instruction and warning willnot lefound to amwer the expectations with which they will generally be taken up . ' Lest , however , the reader should imagine that Monsieur Guizot had * written himself down an ass , the 1 mes concludes its remarkably stupid review by begging those who may bay the ei ghtypages' not to ' y ield' to the 'first impulse which would dictate the throwing of the trash behind the fire ; ' for , ' says the Times , this treatise has been carefully projected and elaborately composed , and cantains truths both deep and well told . ' Deep the truths are . no doubt , for he who would fish up pearls from this pamp hlet must dive deep enough in all conscience . The misfortune is , that the intellectual diver may plunge into the surging sentences of Monsieur Guizot many times before he will

      find a truth ! and , when found , that worthy statesman's ' truths' are not good for much . In the introduction to his subject Mens ' ieur Guizot says : — King Louis Philippe relgwd above seventeen years , for more than eleven of wkish I had the honour to be his minister If to-morrow it pleased God to summon ns into Us Vruenc * should we quit this earth very con . Sent fa th . future deitiay and the constitutional order of oar country ? _ .....

      Isthis a twitch of remorse ? Behold the esul s of-LouiiFhilippt ' sreign of ™ V *** J "" * Z , Mdfceftnto of Monsieur Guizot ' s eteran years 2 i Evening unsettled . The country com-SrttoSS storms of a revolution , the end of which no one can foresee . The revolution of 848 was the work not of the Republicans but of'Guizot ni l * master . They aspired to role France by force and fraud , and they sueceeded-for a time . But there came a day of reckoning ! Gaizot asserts that the chief source of the miseries of Trance is her ' idolatry of democracy . ' All

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      parties , he says , pay homage to this principle . ' The Monarchists say : ' Our Monarchy is a democratic Monarchy , " 'The Republican * say : 'The Republic is democracy governing itself . '' ' The Socialists , Communists , and Montagnards , require that the Republic should be a pure and absolute democracy . ' Behold bis remedy : — ' This idea must be extirpated . ' Foolish man , how ca n he extirpate an idea which , according to bis own showing , animates the entire nation ? He says : — Saca is tno power or toe word democracy teat no government or party dsres to raise its head , or believe its own existence possible , if It does not bear that word Inscribed en Its banner ; aad those that earrjr that ban . ner aloft with tha greatest estmtatlon , aad to the ex . tremest limits , beliive themselves to be stranger tban all the rest of the worW ,

      But the lYmwasks : 'Does the idolatry of democracy go beyond the veriest lip service ? ' Doubtless not—so far at least as the Monarchists and the mere anti-king Republicans are concerned . But this very lip-service' of the fictions proves the strength of democracy . It has beea prettily said by some one , that ' Hypacrisy is the tribute which vice pays to virtue . ' It is the weak , not tht strong , who pay tribute , a nd if O r le a ni s ts , Legitimists , and Sham . Republican knaves , tiy to win and keep the good opinion of the many by a pretended adhesion to democracy , their very hypocrisy proves the

      omnipotence of the principle they affect to adopt . It appears that Monsieur Guizot learnt the virtue of « Resistance , by being & spectator of the Revolution of 1830 . Beit umderstood , not the virtue of resistance to tyranny , but of resistance to dsmocracy . 1 Resistance . ' says he , ' to the passions and ideas which ergender disorder is the paramount and pe » reraptory doty of every government . ' We have an indistinct recollection of very similar words in Louis Philippe's last royal speech . The denunciation of ' wild passions , ' was then followed up by resistance to the demands of the people . With what result Guizot himself is a living and striking

      example - He charges upon democracies the sin of having ' condemned their governments , to falsehood . This is par t icularly modes t , coming from a man w ho notoriousl y emp loyed falsehood and corruption as the great instruments of government , and means of governing . Notwithstanding his abuie of democracies he admit s t ha t ' t he Republic a n form of gov e rnm n t has called forth great virtues—has presided over the destiny and the g lory of great natioas . ' Bat a republican government has tht same vocation , the same duties , as any other government . Its name gives it no claim to dispensation or privilege , It must satisfy both the general ani permanent wants of human seoiety , and tke particular wants of the particular com . munlty which it is called to govern .

      At last a ' truth' ! But a truth that a child might enunciate . He adds—The permanent want of every [ community—the firs : and most imperious want of France at the present day-Is , peace in the bosom of society itself . ' But what is ' peace ? ' The absence of strife . Now it is not enough to cry ' be still , ' to ensure ' peace ; ' the causes of strife must be' extirpated . ' ' Nothing , ' saya Guizot , a little further on ' has a more certain tendency to rein a people , than a

      habit of accepting words and appearances as realities . ' Another truth ! But a truth forgotten by Guizot in the days of his power . Hi 3 soldiers , spies , andfpaolers enabled him to establish a seeming peace , but beneath that seeming peace fierce passions chafed and raged , and at length became too powerful for repression . Guizot had' mistaken appearances for realities . Doubtless there was ' peace * of a certain kind in the capital of Poland , when a French statesman of the Guizot school uttered the memorable

      words : — Order reigns in Warsaw . ' There was 1 peace ' of a similar kind when the cannon of the butcher Cavaignac had silenced the insurgent Faubourgs , but such ' peace' is the peace of hell ; and statesmen who rest their hopes of public order upon that kind of ' peace , ' certainly prepare for themselves a day of war and retribution . Justice is the only surety for real peace . As long as injustice reigns there must be anarchy and strife . ' The United States of America , ' says Monsieur Guizot , ' are universally admitted to be the medel of

      a Republic and a democracy . ' We beg the Professor ' s pardon for being so rude as to tell him that he is fri ghtfull y i gnorant of the views of the European democrats concerning the American Republic . America , with its black and white slavery—the slavery of the whip , and the slavery of wages—is regarded by the European democrats as a Republican sham . The Republic on the other side of the Atlantic must become a great deal more' gmocratique et soeiale' before it will be regarded as a' model' by the real reformers of Europe .

      While denouncing the Republic , Guizot praises 1 the leaders of the Republic' for having fought for the existeneeof society *—that is for having butchered the workmen in the days of June ; for having ' maintained the peace of Europe '—that is for having abandoned the struggling nations to the tyranny and atrocities of their oppressors ; and for having' striven to maintain the public credit '—that is for having perpetuated the system ef public plunder under which the people groaned when Phili ppe rei gned and Guizot governed . With startling effrontery , he contends that the failure of the . Republic to restore peace tg society cannot be attributed to its not having had a fair trial ! One of his own admirers shall answer him . The Chronicle , in trumpeting the glories o £ Monsieur Guizot , savs : —

      It is his school { even with himself in exile ) which now predominate and rules in Franee . The pupils who hun g u p on his lectur e s , and made them the faundation of their lereral systems—MM . de Ssmasat , Darergler de Saoranne , L e on Fano h er , Coevalier—the varletrs mi and thinkers out of his theories and truths—are sUU the foremott men of the Sepublie . And it is plain that ' the doctrine , ' as It has been affectedly termed , will projeot its inflaence far down into future times , and live as letig as those constitutional governments of which it is far sway the ablest defence—appealing lika them to reason , aad extracting , from a mixed system of oheoks and balances , the useful and the expedient .

      We agree with the Chronicle , that' the doctrine ' will live as long as ' constitutional governments ' live , but we console ourselves with the belief that those governments have not long to live . The days of t he accursed jugglery of ' checks and balance s , ' we believe to be numbered . May the Htter and irreparable ruin thereof come speedily ! But we beg our readers to mark the admissionwe should rather say the vaunt of the Chronicle , that notwithstanding the banishment of Guizot , his disci p les , the workers-out and thinkers of his theory , are at the head of the Republic , and predominate and rule in France . That is to say , there has been a

      change of name , but not a change of system , not even a change of men . The evil genius of profitmongering rapacity still reigns in France ; and yet we are told the Republic has had a fair trial ! The true Republic has never yet had a trial at all . Had such been t he case Messrs Remusa t , Duvergier de Hauranne , Fancher , Chevalier , Thiers , Barrot , and Co . would have been sent packing after Monsieu / Guizot to Eng land—or a warmer climate . But the victora of February were' magnanimous '—that is to say they were — anything but irise men ; for what aje was it to banish the devil , yet allow his imps to remain ?

      Monsieur Guizot comes out strong against the 'Socialists . ' To that party we leave the defence of themselves and their cause . Their task will sot be one of difficulty . From this portion of the pamphlet we quote the following : — We say that democracy is everything . The men of the Social Republic reply , 'Democracy 1 b ourselves . ' We proclaim , ia iaDgnage of infinite cenfaEion , the absolute equality of rights and the sovereign right of numbers . The men of the Social Republic come forward and say , ' Cannt onr numbers . '

      This is a pnzzler to the Times . Quoth that journal : — ' We in England conceive that the men of the Social Republic have been counted , and that the result is a clear exposure of their insi gnificance , even by their own standard . What , then , are the limits of' democracy in France ? ' Does it reach beyond the half-million would-be constituents of Ledru Rollin and Raspail ¦' Yes , you fool ! Have you not already been told by your model statesman , that French sotiety is saturated with democracy ? As to the ' Social Republic , ' wait a little longer , and you will see whether those who expect , and are determined to have soci al reform , ire limited to half a million !

      Mon&ieur Guizot concludes his jeremiad by recommending a grand combination of parties and classes , and a system of' checks and balances , ' as ( says the Times ) with ourselves . ' We might show up a mass of absurdities in addition to those we have already g ibbeted ; but enoug h , we have already devoted more space to Monsieur Guizot ' s eighty pages' than such trash deserves . We had hoped that adversity would have made him a wiser man , but he has evidently learned nothing , nor forgotten nothing . ' So much the worse for himself . This calculating , cold-hearted tyrant and tyrant's

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      tool , when threatened with impeachment , on the 22 nd of February , ' langhid immoderatel y ; but within twenty-four hours he was laug hing the wrong side of his mouth . A fugitive from the singled wrath find contempt of the people , he fled from the land he had so wickedly ^ misgoverned in the dresB ( at least so reported ) of iflunteyl Jud ging of this' p hilosop her '—this vaunted statesman-chief—by his ' eighty pagis' of balderdash , his fiunkey dress appears to us to have been not illchosen . The ideas and sentiments ptii forth ia this pamphlet may excite the wondering admiration of « Jeames of Bukley Square , ' but the intelligent workman , should he deign ts read , Democraey m France , will record his verdict in the language ef Hamlet - . Words , w » rds !'

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      THE LAND . THE REMARKABLE TRIAL OF THOMAS SPENCE , THE AGRARIAN REFORMER , Most of oar readers mast have hsard of Thomas Spekcb , the first popnlar teacher of the princi ples of Agrarian Raferm in this country . It is probable , however , that , excepting a few veterans , there are not many of the Chartist , or Ultra-Radical party , who know anything of Sfehcb beyond his name . We cannot bat think that any information concerning a man once so famous a * a pnblic agitator , will be gladly received by those who were born toe late to know him or his disciples . A small volume , nearly fifty years old , lent to us by a friend , enables us to supply Mine scoanni of the principles and objects of this remarkable man .

      Thomas Spbvce was born at Newcastle-npon-Tyne . His father was a shoemakers The son commenced life on his own account aa a schoolmaster in his native town : Asa member of the New etstle Pnilofophicsl Seoietv lie was bound to deliver a lecture on Borne question of scientific or general interest . He did so , taking for his subject : — ' The mede of adaaiaiatering tha Landed E « tata of the Nation as a Joint-Stock Property in Parochial Partner s hi ps by dividing the R « nt . ' At the instance of tha Society , the lecture , which had been much applaudad by the members , was published ; but the pablieation eaUsd np against him a host of enemies . The usual means of aoeial (?) persecution were employed , and not without the intended effect . His school was broken up , and his means of living utterly destroyed .

      Persecuted in Newcastle , Thomas Spenob repaired to London and attempted to get a living as a bookseller . BeiBg very poor , he commenced with a boob stall at the corner of Chancery Lane , Helborn , whore he began publishing tracts explaining his views , of political and social reform ; he also had medals struck in copper which explained the nature of his plan . About the year 1793 he opened a small shop in Little Turnstile , Holborn , where he publUhed a periodical work , entitled , 'Pig ' s Meat for the Swinish Multitude . ' -1 # ^ - Can any friend lend ns a copy of this work ?] In the year 1794 Thcha 9 Spenck was arrested under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act and confined , we know not for what t « rm in Newgate . On his liberation he opened a small shep at No . 9 , Oxford Street , where he continned publishing as he had done bafore : In the Tear 1798 he was again arrested under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act , and confined in Coldbath Fields Prison .

      Oi his liberation he continued his former pursuits until the year 1801 . when he was prosecuted by the Attorney General , Mr Law . afterwards Lord El lbndosough—The book at present in our possession is a report of this remarkable trial . We quote the followisg from the title-page : — THE IMPORTANT TRIAL OP THOMAS SPEtfCE , For a Political Pamphlet , entitled , ' The Restorer of Soolety to its Natural Slate / On May 27 th . 1801 . at Wectuiitsikb Haii , before Lord Ken ion and a Special Jury . ' A forbidden writing is thought to be a certain spark of truth that flies up in the face of them who seek to tread it out . '—Milton .

      As nearly the whole of that offensive book , with suitable remarks by way of Defence , was read by Mr Sp ence to tbe Jury , the whole of it therefore is reprinted herein , as a warning to poor Old England . ' And all the people shall hear , and f e ar , and da no more presumptuously . ' A copy of the indictment follows , containing the objectionable passages in the work oroaecated , mixed up with tke usual legal jargon . Facing over this , we cone at once to the defendant ' s answer to the accusation , of which we propose to give the most striking portions .

      BKFEHCE OF THOMAB SPENCE . Mr Lobd amo Gbntlemem op the JoaT , —1 was so BitontBhed at the second R ; pnrt of the Parliamentary Committee of Seerecy , that I was inclined to turn a strious defence Into a burlafqne . Bat upon due consideration I determined to let what I had prepared for that purpose remain as it was ; and if the government will pomade tbe people that they are Spensoniaas , whether they are or no , why should I make objections ? It is , perha p s , the most effectual way to make them such . Whether the said report at snoh a tune was designed to affect my trial , or the trial was designed to add ceasequence to the report , or both were to be auxiliary to

      eaoh other I do not know , but I have fi ^ od grounds to apprehend there is a terious design against my liberty , for I am apparently prejudged already . There Is nothing ia my book which I am ashamed of and did not intend t o avow , bat I have nothing to do with the projects or views of othars . So I hope , gentlemen , as the Proverb sa y s ' You will let every herring hang by his own neck . ' I have all my life thought that the state of society was capable of rauoh amendment , and hoped by the progress of reasoa aided b y the art of printing , that snoh a state of jastfee and felicity woald at length take place In the earth as in some measurs to answer the figurative descriptions of the Mileneum , New Jerusalem , or future golden age .

      I very early In life laid down the plan of snoh a happy tate of society , and which all know I have been publishia ; one way or other for many years . And what then ? Ara we never to expect a better state of things than the pressnt ! Are we not allowed to arau « e ourselves with distant views of happiness ? Hast we be debarred from the pleasure of imagination also f If in the present state of things only wa have hope , we are of all creatures t he raos t mi se rab l e I hav e alwa ys bee n concurrin g with what I thought the intentisn of the deity in providing for a constant , though slow Improvement in every thing . And having put my hand to ) the plough I nerer looked back . Having premised thus much , I shall now go on with ay dsfeno e , as prepared previous to my knowledge of t he Parliamentary Report ,

      I believe never man came before s coart tor a political publication under greater discouragements than I now do . fornotwUbsSanitegaBy Insinuations of the said re . port , I s t aad a l one unconnected with any party , and , exoipt by a thinking few , stn looked on as a lunatic , so that I feelingly experience the justice of Mr Pope ' s observation , viz .: — ' Truths woald yea teAcb , or save a sinkin g land , All f » ar , n » ne aid you ; and few understand . ' Ev e n tb e p rof e ssed frien d s oi l i ber t y keep aloof , and would rather , if they could consistently , joia in the sup . presBioa than the support of my opinions . My narrow

      circumstances also , which prevent me from baring ( he aesUtancs of either attorney or counsel , plainly Indicate that I am no teol of parly , and that I can have nothing ia view but the lave of truth and the good of mitklnd . Besides , gentlemen , there is another seeming hardship , that I should be tried by men of property conoerniog a work , the sole object of which is , to new acidify property in such a manaer that many ef you gentlemen may consider yourselves as highly concerned and interested In tho decision . Whertfore I ought to hare a J ury com . posed of at least ene half labourers , who are my equals , and whoaa cause I hava espoused , to defend me sgainst the prejudices of such men of property .

      I have been advised by many to let judgment go by default as less irritating , ba t I could sot harb o ur a thought so Injurious to the owner of the Court , Besides , I aaak « no doubt of assigning suoh convincing rtasens for all that I have advanced ia this said indioted publicatieu , that my intentions shall not only appear upright bat laudable : all whioh defirable advantage I should lose by fooliBhly and oowardly pleadiog guilty . Clod forbid we should ever see times wherein the modest defence of innocence and geod intentions , especially when connected with the oause of the whole human epeoles , should be deemed irritating in a Court of Justice . And more especially , when the defendant is reduced to the necessity of pleading for himself .

      I itand hero , gentlemen , in a slngalaf ease : Hot SB a mere baokselkr vending the works of others , or as a hireling supporting the views of any faction , but as an original legislator , for having formed tbe moat compact system of society oa the immoveBble basis of nature and justice , and which no arguments can have power agatest , as you will anon be convinced oft I think , gentlemen , the work Itself displnya all the way through such Hndeniable evidence of disinterestedness aad philanthropy , that I canaet do better than read tbe political parts of it with some oocaaional remarks which will not detain you long . And we shall begin at the title page .

      The title of the work is as follows :- The Restorer of Society to its Natural State ; in a series of Letters to a Fellow-Citizen . With a Preface , < & ., Se . ' The prefaea wft pass ovw for the present , that portion ot the wtrk being out of place ; the . matter thereof should have been given in an appendix rather than in a prefaoe . We proceed to extract IETTE 5 I . Londoa , July 19 , 1800 . C « Ti 2 E >« , —Yon see I am not forgetful of your request that I should ootaannicate snoh reflections as ocour to m e co n c er nin g t he m e ans of im p rovin g the h app iness of mankind . But la doing this It is neoesssry I should aikw iBjself a suffltJeat latitude in treating subjects Of

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      snoh importance , for how shall a man that Is aot free himself point oat the ways of freedom to others ? It is laid In the begianing of the Bible , that man was made to till the ground and had dominion over the whole animal . reatioD , All this is selferident , for he is Inled * , « l it * v 6 ? e , Ihe 6 o < i of th-B lower world , and his facttltles both of body ana mlitd « ufficisntly qualify him for this arduous task . But hero the lordship ought to stop . For as Milton and reasoa « ay —• 1 over m a n , he made aot lord . ' Happy would mankind have been had thrir araWtton

      been thus bonD ded by nataro , Dot the esrticgc records Booir , that the earth was immediately 'filled with violence , ' and that God-llke reason was as much eaplojed in the destruction and robbery of fellow . creatures , as in subdalng the earth and the brute , ereatien fer a more coisforcabls subsistence . Tbui in proportion aa the comforts of life Increased by man ' s labour and ingenuity to did the rapacity of men olao increase tt rob eaoh other , and societies were as muoh formed for the sake of strength to plunder others as for mutual defentw . Well , and t ru ly then might it be said that 'the wlckedaess of man waa great In the earth * and that' all flesh had cor .

      rnpted his way npon earth . ' Thus socictUs , families , and tribes being originally nothing bnc bandittis , they esteemed war and pillage to be honourab ' e , and the greatest ruffians eeia'sg on the principal ehsr « s of the spoils , as well of land as msveables , introduced into the world all the cursed rarieries of lordsbip , vassalage , and ll& * tfy , a « we see at VaU day . Now citizen , if we really want t » get rid of these evils from amongst men ; ws must destroy aot only persons ! and hereditary lordship , but tbe cause of them ,

      which la private property ia land . For this is the pillar that supports the temple of nilsbacracj . Take away this pillar , end the whole fabric of tbeir dominion falls to tbu ground . Then shall no other lords have dominion over as , bat the laws , and Uws too of ovr own making ; for at present it is those who have robbed us of our lands , that have robbed us also of the privllego of mahlng oar own long ; so in truth and reality we are in bondage and vassalage to the landed interast . Whertfore let us besr this always in mind , and we Bhall never be at a loss to know where the root of the evil lies .

      Then whato&nbe the euro bat this t Namely , that the land shall no longer b&suffered to be tbe property ot Individual * , but of the parishes ; Toe rents of this patish estate shall be deemed the tqual property of man , woman and ohild , whether old or joung , rich or poor , legitimate or illegitimate . But more of this hemfter . I remain , < fcc . Letters II . and IV . were not read to the Jury because the snbjeotB of them were sot adverted to in ihe indictment . Letter II . is on the subject of Public Bathing , and Letter IV . en the Marriage Laws both contain sound ideas and valuable BHggestiona . ; We

      quote—UTIKB III . London , August 8 th , 1800 . Citizen , —As nothing attraots my attention more at present than the hue and cry raised ererynhere against monopolisers and forestalled , on aeeeant of this art IS . oial famine , let as ee « whether sach a eccneof villainy could be transacted under sach a oonitltatlon of things as I hinted at in my first letter . Ytm ma ; remember that I there gave the laad to the parishes , by which means I broke the monopoly of laad , whioh is the mother of all other monopolies . Other monopolies caaaot subsist after the fall of that , for the following reasons , viz .:

      —First , —because the inhabitants of every parish being the proprietors of all the soil within their respective parishes , tb ey will take care that th » f « rms shall be ef su ch size , aad le t oa such t eems and l e ases as shall appear to be most for the publlo good , Ia conssqaence of t his , we may suppose that farms would bs so small that the farmer * would hardly ba rich enough to hoard much , noltber would they be so few iu number as easily to combine to raise the price of their preduoe . Secondly , —to ward against the danger that might arise to the public from the inability of these little

      farmers to reserve large stocks of corn , which might be of use is a time of scarcity , every parish would have a public granary in which they would lay up every season a certain quantity of grain in proportion to their popu-Iatios . This , like every other public « xpenie , wonld be defrayed out of the rental revenue of the parish , and would only be felt by the people for the first year » r two , for after that they could alwaya sell « ff as much of the oldest corn as woald purchase the new ; also the parishes might lay up stores of coals , or anything else liable to accidental scarcity to prevent want and individual monopoly .

      Thus , eitlien , vou see I have pnt my peoplo in a way to destroy all monopoly , and also eff ec tu a l ly to provide sgainst real famines with ease , and all by the simple operation of rendering the people what they onght to be , lorda of th « lr own dtatiiets . You will think , perhapB , that people would bs discouraged from cultivation and from commcroe , if the parishes interfered in this manner , and engrossed so much of the business to themselves as eorporate bodies . To this I answer , that they would be wiser than to usurp the trade of the country for the sake of trade , bat

      only in such matters as experience showed the pnblic safety required . Beatles , if euca a people as this had not wisdom who had such freedom to acquire and make use of i t , where most we expect it ? For censider , thare would be none of your great quality , nor p roud l an d ed men , box their minions , to quash evoiy project that does not first or . last tend to inoroase thair revenues . My people would give every one a fair hearten that had any thing to propose for the public good . Neither would they long persevere in wrong measures if they should chance to fall Into them , because na obstacle remained to hinder them to change , them .

      In the advanced state of lewolog which the world is now arrived at , there can be no want of cultivated abilities everywhere sufficient to conduot the public business . All that is wanting is a good system , in which men being placed In a state of ( quality and freedom , the reasoning faculties would be encouraged to expand to the utmost . And such a system is this which I have given you a sketch of . I remain , & « . Owing to its length we shall only give the following extract from lbties v , London , Se p t 20 th , 1800 . It is ohild ' eb , therefore , to expect ever to see small farms again , or ever to see anything else than theutmoBt sorewing and grinding of the poor , till yon quite overturn tbe present system of landed property . For they have got more completely into the spirit and power of oppression now than ever was knows before , and t h e y hold the people In defianco by means of their armed associattons . They are now like a warlike enemy qaartttti upon us for the purpose of raising contributions , and William the Conqueror and his Normans were fools to them in the &rt of fleecing . Therefore any , anything short of total destruction of the power of these Samsons will not do ; and that must be aeoompliBhed , not by simple

      shaving , whioh leaves the roots of their strength to grow again . No ; we must soalp them , or else they will soon recover and pull oar temple of liberty about our ears . We must sot leave even thtlr stump in the earth , like Nebuchadnezzar , though guarded by a band of iron ; for ill-destroyed royalty * and aristooraoy . wlll be sure to recover and overspread the earth again as before . And when they are suffered to return again to their former dominion , it is always with ten-foid more rage and policy , and « o the eondition of their wrotohed subjects is quickly rendered warse bb a reward for their too tender resistance , Ia plain Eagllsb , nothing less than complete extermination of the present system of holding land in the manner I propose , will ever bring the world again to a state worth living in .

      The following extract appeared in the shape of a postcrlpt to Letter V . : — In order to show how far we are cut off from the rights of nature , and reduced to a more contemptible etate than tbe bruteB , I will relate an affair I had with a f ores t er , in a wood , near Hexham , about three and twenty years ago : —While I was in the wood'alone by myself a gathering of nuts , the Forester popped ftrough the bushes npon me , and asked what I did there . I answered , Gathering nats . ' ' Gathering nuts I'ssld he , and dare you say sol' 'Yes , ' said I , ' why not ! Would you qaeatlon a monkey , of a squirrel , about snoh a business t And am I to be treated as inferior to one of thoae creature * ?—or have I a less right ! Bat who are yon , ' centlnned I , that thug take upon you to In .

      terrupt me ! ' ' I'll l « t you know that , ' said he , ' when I lay you fast for trespassing here . ' ' Indeed i ' ansirored I , Bat Uqw can I trespass here , where no man ev e r p l a n te d or cu lt ivated , for these nuts are the spostaneons gifts of nature erdained alike for the sustenance of man and beast that choose to gather them , and therefore they are common . ' ' I tell you . ' said he , < this wood is not common . It belongs to the Duke of Portland . ' ' Ob ! my service to tbe Duke of Portland , ' said I , 'nature knsws no more of him than of me , Therefore , as in nature ' s storehouse the rule is , ' First come , first served ;' bo the Duke of Portland must look sharp if he wants aay nuts . But in the name o ( serlaueaeosa , continued

      I , ' mast not one ' s privfieges be very great in a country where we dare aat pluck a haz ^ l out ? Is this an Englishman ' s birthright ? Is it for this we are called ; upon to serve in the militia , to defend this wood and this country against the enemy ? What must I say to the Frenob , if tbey come ? If tbey jeeriogly aik me what I am fightipg for ? Must I tell them for my country ?—for my dear country in which I dareBOt plack s not ? Would not they laugh at me ? Yes . And do you think I would bear it ? No , certainly I would not , I would throw down my musket , Baying—Lot Bnch bb tbe Duke of Portland , who claim the couatry , fight for it , ( or I am but as a stranger and sojourner , and have nei t her par t nor lot amongst them . '

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      * Defence . Gentlemen , I wond e r how I came t o stumble upon royalty here , for it is what I am ia nowise addioted to , as the Attorney General is very well acquainted with by means of his spies ; therefere , it ought to be looked on as a mere inadvertency , acd which natq . rally presented itself to the mind of Nitmchadaemr . I neVer conceived royalty to be entitled to my notice in this business ; for if the land be held by the people in the maunor I propose , it is impossible for the Executive administration , under whatever denomination , to make any inreads iota the prerogatives of the public . Wherefore the title of king , oonaul , presidest , &o ., are quite indifferent to me ; We know that kings existed in Sparta for many centuries , in company with iren . monsy , and small dWisloBB of land , Therefore let sot Reyalty despair .

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      t De . ' enoe . Gentlemen , I oan hardly help being d ) . < rerte 4 that this Sylvan joke , twenty . four years ohi , made a part of a serious indictment at this dlitanco of time . It seems as if p&slng my sagacity a very high eomplimsnt ; bat at the same time is a pointed libel on tha abilities and spirit of the whole nation , an if nen » besides wore qaftlifled to draw such alarmlrg conclusion * snd resolutions from tbe privation of onr rights unless I put than up to It . This shows what strange melumor . pnoaes are likely to take p lace in a man ' s writings when the spirit of inaando begins to move oa their surface . I think I need say no more on this ridiculous subjee , but tuka care how I jtka for the future , especially in a time « f war , and eadeavoar henceforth to be dull—y < w , stupidly dull—sb > he only means of safety , from inch Bowardly indiotments good Lord deliver as !

      Tills reasoning had inch an effect on the forester that be told me to gather as many nats as I pleased , f

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      FINANCIAL STATE OF EUROPB . ( From the Brussels NAtios . ) No one can doubt that the economical and financial position of Europe has been in a great degree the cause of tbe late convulsions which have occurredequally in three countries is wkich political causes have produaed the revoluticns , as in these in whioh apparent tranquillity sow exists . A coup-d ' ml , therefore , at the general financial state ef Europe would be a criterion ior measuring the interests ef the orisia and its probable results . That part of the charga which ig now most oppressive generally on the people js the debt paused by the long wars into which the various countrien have entered during and since the reign of Louu XIV ., and especially at the commencement of the present century , and the expense and maintenance of the permanent armameats whioh bave not only absorbed an infinitely large portion of the productive labeur of tbe people , bat bare occupied the labour itself of a large portion of most efficient and healthy classes of the community .

      The debts of the various countries of Europe may be thus classed ia round numbers : — Great Bntain £ 860 , 000 , 000 Franoa ... ... , „ 3 : 20 , 000 , 000 Holland 168 , 000 , 000 Russia and Polaad ... ... 110 , 000 , 000 Spain ... ... ... 93 000 , 000 Austria ... ... ... 84 , , 000 , 000 Prussia ... ... ... 80 , 000 , 000 Portugal ... ... ... 28 , 000 , 000 Naples ... ... ... 26 , 000 , 000 Belgium 25 , 000 000 Denmark ... ... ... 18 , 000 , 000 Bielly 14 , 000 , 000 Papal dominions ... ,,, 13 000 , 000 Greece ... ... ... 8 , 000 , 000 Bavaria ... ... ... 3 , 600 , 000 Bremen ... ... ... 600 , 000 Frankfort ... ... ... 1 , 900 , 600 Hamburg )„ . .., .,. 1 , 100 , 000 £ 1 , 785 , 000 , 000 Debts not ' ennmtrated ... 215 . 060 . 000

      £ 2 , 000 , 000 , 000 Requiring an annual provision to the extent of £ 100 . 000 , 000 for interest , in addition to at least £ 20 000 , 000 to £ 25 , 000 , 000 for expenses ef collection , administtation , &o . Ia addition to this charge , already sufficiently large ( wken it is > o be remembered that the labonr alone of the people oan produce the means of paying it ) , is to b 9 placed tb . 9 eoat of the permanent armaments and their incidental expense ? . The smallest estimate of the permanent armies new employed in the various states of Europe is about £ 2 , 800 000 , kept up for 'the protection as well on the land as at sea , of the several existing go . vernments ; feeding , clothing , equipping , arming , and paying such a number of men , as well as arsenals , fortifications , ships , and all the concomitant

      expenditure , according to the several official documents , cannot be lesB than an annual charge of £ 120 , 000 , 0 0 ; and suppose that estoa man so employed could , in agricultural or ether labour earn a sum of Is . 6 d , per day , the total sum of money thus totally lost to the public weal , and which ought , consequently , to be charged to joint expenditure , cannot be fairly stated at much less than £ 200 , 000 , 000 perj annum . Add again the charges , already heavy ecoogh , attendant on the administration of governments , thei numerous eim cures and pensions granted from the productive resources of the people , and which cannot be estimated at less than £ 25 , 000 , 000 a year , and we shall then have some notion of the cauBea which prevent the labourer from deriving thai recompense from his work , to which , under other circumstaneea , ho might be justly entitled .

      And if , even in addition to all tkU , we add the innumerable ma . 39 of idlers of ail sorts , and persons of every description , who earn nothing by any effort of mind or body towards their own subsistence , and therefore live on the work of others , then we Bhall eease to feel surprised thai in spite of all combinations of government , of the efforts of economists and philanthropists , the workman becomes from time to time more impoverished , and the pauperism coniiaues to increase in its intensity throughout Europe .

      The population of Europe is about 250 million&gof sonb ; armaments of all kinds , including police . &o ., 2 , 800 . 000 ; various employees of government , 2 , 000 , 000 ; idlera aid nnproducing classes , 20 , 000 , 000 . Is it not evident that this charge is too heavy for the population—that government and police cost too ranch—that permanent armaments , paid , clothed , lodged , fed , and armed by the people , tend greatly to perpetuate the system ? And doea net all this show

      dearly that any late revolutions are but as a feather in the balance as the cause of the existing distress throughout Europe , whilst the attention of all go . vernments , if they wish to attain quiet and tranquillity , ahouldbe directed to the reform of the wasteful expenditure and ruinous system of management , and to endeavour to place within reach of the labourer a greater Bhare of the produce of the soil which he cultivates , and to producers of all sorts a greater share So the direction of the affairs of their respective countries ?

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      Nap olbon ' s Marshals . —Marmont and Soult ara the only survivors of Napoleon ' s marshals . il&w to Witiia WBn .-. The great secret how to writ * well is to write naturally , and fr « m one ' s own knowledge . —Po p * . Christmas DiKHKRs . -When the Cork euardiana refused a meat dinner on Christmas Day 300 paupers left the workhouse ! v *^ A royal decree takss off the stamp duty on new papers , both Prussian and foreign , from the 1 st of January . Austrian Natiosal Deb ? . —At the conclusion of the war , in 1815 , the' national debt' Austria waa twemillioBa of iijrins . It is how one thousand millions .

      KiDXArriire . —The brother of a clergyman at Ox * ford was kidnapped a f » w days ago , and hurried away to a private Lunatie Asylum , from the arms of hil wife . Railwat Calls . —Tka railway calls of January am » unt to £ 2 , 5 S 8 , 922 , bring about a million and a quarter more thaa the last m » nth . Napolksk . —Napoleon was elected First Consul ia 1786 ; Emperor in 1804 ; sent to Elba in 1814 ; returned in 1815 ; abdicated the same year ; died in 1821 . Jbsht Lixp Gm . —Over a beer shop in the High Street , Hastings , are inscribed the words ' Jenny Lind ' s Gin . ' Dispatch of Bosinbss . —The Scottish Prsss points out the irony of tbe annoaacflment that Parliament will meet on the 1 st of February for the dispatch of business !

      Awpdl Suicidb . —A few dayB age Mrs Twynara , wife of Dr Twynam , of Bishopstoke , destroyed herself by blowing out her brains with a gun . She was subject to fits of mental derangement . Eoiptian Coal Mihb . —Accounts from Upper Egypt and Cairo state thai an extensive mine of good eoal had been positively found in the vicinity of the tows ef Bsneb , on tho Nile . Cost of English Legislation . —The salaries and expenses of the two Homes of Parliament ate £ 30 , 000 per annum—almost double as much as the cost of tho whole exeouYWe of the United States . Cause and Effect . —Probably there ara not two words whioh , more distinctly point cut eause and ooneequenee than these—gin and bitters ! Gbologt . —The Durham Chhokicls Bays that the caverns at Keephead are to ba shortly excavated and examined , asd that the investigation will be of great importance to the science of geology .

      Poisowk q by MiSTAKB . —An aged lady , Mm Harold , of Loath , has been poisoned by taking by mid . take a spoonful of an embrocation , instead of a dose of a cough mixture which bad been sent by her surgeon . Am Iristi Bull . —Oapbain Thomas Wilson , of the brig Chameleon , of Marypnrfc , at present lying ia Ballyhenry Bay , near Portaferry , was fonnd ia bis bed on Friday ; It appears he had been complaining the day beforei—lrith Faptr , —[ The editor should have ' waked' him . ] Jenny Lind sanct gratuitously at Birmingham on Thursday week , in aid of the fuiids of tbe Queen ' s Hospital in that town . Upwards of 3 000 perijoca were present . Tha receipts were £ 1 , 300 .

      Suddes Death . —On Sunday night week at Windsor , Joseph Richardson , a private soldier of tho Coldstream Guards , was found dead in his sentry box . It is supposed he died from disease of the heart . Matrimony . —At St Pancras Church last week there were no fewer than thirty pair united in tha 'holy bonds ef matrimony , ' and on the day following ( Christmas Day ) fifteen couple more , the fees amounting to £ 25 17 s . GJ . Bbnbvolkncb . —The late Mr Allan , of Mudbeltrie .

      has devised a great part of his fortune , £ 20 . 000 , to form a fund for granting annuities to widows of respectable character in Aberdeen and Old Macbar . The English Laksuaob . —The difficulty of acquit * ing our language , whioh a foreigner must experience , is illustrated by the following question : ' Did you ever see a person pare an apple or a pear with a pair of Bcisaors ?' The Tea Trade . — Total delivered in 1847 , 35 . 818 . 000 lbs . Home consumption from London , 25 , 218 , 000 lbs . Total delivered ft 1818 , 36 , 102 , 000 lbs . Home consumption from London , 26 , 352 , 000 lbs .

      A Teetotal Mator . —Mr G . W . Harrison , tha newly-elected mayor of Wakefield , at his inaugura * tion dinner to the members of the csrperation did not allow his guests any wine . Ginger beer , lemonade , and water flowed profusely . Dbathfbom Cold— A railway policeman named John King was found dead in his box on Monday morning week . The causa of bis death was' not asoertained , but it was a bitter cold night . He has left a wife and four children . —Taunton Courier . Gbkerosiiy or Jbhnt Lind , —This distinguished voeaiisfc lias spontaneously offered her services in a coneert at Worcester , in aid of the eharities of that city . The offer ef course has beea accepted ; and the concert is to take place in the month of February .

      The priz ? for £ 100 for the best Essay on Juvenile Depravity has been awarded to the Rev . Henry Worsley , Reotorof Easton , i » Suffolk . The judges were the Rev . John Harris , D . D ,, the Rev . Jamea Sherman , and the Rev . C . J . Vanghan , D . D . A Subterraneous Passage . —A subterranean pas . sage , at Chester , has been discovered , passing under two of tbe principal streets . It is hewn out of the solid rock and it is just wide enough to allow one person to go along , with wider parts at intervals , used , no doubt , as passing places . It has not yet been explored .

      AnEaglb . —A prodigious sea eagle ( NdHcetus measuring seven feet from wing to wing , and weighing upwards of nine pounds , was killed with an ordinary gun , a few days since , at Langport , Dorset , Derby Sweeps . —At the Bow Street police office , a few days a g o , Mr Thomas . Caaey , manager of a Darby Sweep Offioa , appeared to answer an information , at the Euit of the Attorney-Genetal , and was sentenced to imprisonment for a month in tbe House of Correction . He gave notice of appeal , and wag admitted to bail . Marriage . —There can ba no doubt thai marriage is favourable to longevity . It is upon record that a Frenchman , named De Lingtteville , who lived to the age of 110 , had been married to ten wives , lie married Wb last wife at the age of 92 , and she bore him a eon when he was in his 101 st year .

      Shipwreck . —A Cornish paper announces the Iosa of the ship Palinurus , 600 tons , Cape . Frederick Geare , homeward bound from Demerara , with a fall cargo of rum and sugar . She was wreeked during the very strong gale of tha 23 th ult ,, off Seilly Islands ; and there is reason to believe that the captain and the whole of his crew have perished . Extraordinary Fortonh . —A labourer named Wortb , employed in the rope yard of Devonpprt dockyard , has , by ' the death of his unole , eome into very considerable prope * ty . We have not keard the exact amount , but it it stated to be worth £ 20 . 000 .

      Self Dkstruchon . —An extraordieary ease of self destruction has just occurred at BerliD . The dead body of a man was found at daylight , by tho constabulary , in a Bitting position , on one of the benches of the Thier-garten . From an examination of it , it appeared that the man must have placeda small packot oi gunpowder in his month , ignited it , and thus blown his head to pieces . A Human Head has been discovered in a heap or stoneB at Bally vaughan , in the conntyjof Clare . The body has not been discovered , nor can any person in the vicinity give any information on the matter to the authorities . Tfie flesh waB firm , and the bleed seemingly quite freeh . It could not hare been there

      m IxckeYsbd Valub op Geodnd w thb Mxtbo . roS-There are many esta tes in the metropolm which fifty years back were worth £ 3 apacre , as oaw pasturage and dairy ground , now realising from £ 1 , 000 to £ 2 , 000 per aere per annum ! Many within thirty years , which were brickfield roughs , now return half that rental , and in another generation these same estates on whioU tbe property of . thousands has been outlaid , will in seme instances yield to the colossal proprietors from £ 100 , 000 to £ 500 , 000 per annum \—The Builder . To what Uses we may Return at List . —In Mr King ' s valuable account of the Chamber of Commerce , it is stated thai the lead « a statue of King George erected here in the last century was broken into pieces during tho revolutionary war , sent up to Connecticut , where , in the family of the late Oliver Wolc o tt , th e ladies as s i s tin g , the metal was run into bullets to bs used against the troopB of the Bfime

      King George . A Turk was publicly beheaded at Cpnstantuople , on the 30 th ult ., for the crime of having , while in a state of intoxication , said that he did & « t care a straw for Allah or the prophet . Although he had thus condemned the law of Islam , and had disregarded its prohibition of wine , he was so good a Mussulman that when tried forthaefience , he de « chred that ho was utterly unoonsoious of having uttered snoh words , but was ready and willing to die aa the law directed if he could , bo proied to have

      spoken such blasphemy . Rom Opinions of Bishops—The Queen , when Bishop Sherlock oame to her , ehid him extremely , and asked him if he was not ashamed to be everreached in thi s m nne r , a second time , by the Bishop of London ; and , after all Bhe had said to him to point out his folly in following the Bishop of London in Bundle ' s affair , how ho could be blind and weak enough to be running his ' nose into another ' s dirt again ? The King , with his usual Bsftneas , in speaking ef any people he disliked , called the bishops whenever he mentioned them in private on this cocasion , a parcel of blaok , canting , hypocritical raa « cals , and said the government was likely to go on well if those sooundrels were to dictate to their prince how far he should or should not eomp l y with the disposition of his parliament ; and tobe giving themselves these impertinent airs in opposing everyhing that did suit with their silly opinions , — Rervey ' s Mmoirs .

      Wmttirts

      Wmttirts

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      The Fbasklin Expedition . —We translate from the Montreal Minbrve tbe following extract of a letter from a Canadian missionary , the Rev . Father Tache , dated Isle a la Crosse , Hudson ' s Bay Territory . January 20 , 1848 : — "There is nothing new in this country , save an expedition whioh is al ready on its way in search of Captain Sir John Franklin , who left England in 1845 , for the purpeae ef attempting to explore the north-weat passage into the Pacifio . The men composing this expedition winter near this p lace , at For t Cu m b e rl a nd , with Mr G . Deachambault , and will pass through here in the spring , Sir John RichardsoH , who la to leave Montreal in a canoe , will be here about midBummer . I believe this ex pedition perfeotly useless . Either Captain

      Franklin has by this time pot back to England , or he has perished in the ice . Besides , the expedite cannot reach the Arctic Sea before the summer of 1849 . The firing of cannoH was heard at the last poBt on M'Kenzie ' a River both last winter and the winter before . They were probably signals of distress . Unfortunately , it was impossible to go to their assistance . A Dr Hay is also in search on this aide . No news of him has been received , and fears are entertained for his safety , bo much the more as he embarked in open boats , and his rashness at sea is well known , ' The report that the firing of cannon was ward in tbe winters of 1846 and 1847 , towards the mouth of M'Kenzie's River , seems to confirm that of the Esquimaux Indians , that a 'big canoe had » een seen aehore there . _ .. _ . „ .

      Thb National Dbdt . — ( From the Gazette . )—Tho Lords Commissioners of her Majesty ' a Treasury having certified to the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt , in pursuance of the Aot , 10 th George IV ., 0 . 27 . sec 1 , that the actual expenditure of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland exceeded the actual revenue thereof , for the year ended the 10 ; h day of October , 1848 , by the sum ot one millieu Bevea hundred and eighty-four thousand and thirty-one pounds and two-pence ; the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt hereb y g ive noti c e , th a t no sum will be a pp lied by them on aoconnt of the Sinking Fond , under the provisions of che said Act , between the 7 th day oi January , 1849 , and the 5 ; hday of April , 1849-S . Hiqham , Comptroller-General . National Debt 0 fb . ee , January !

      _ ... . . Fesi Office Notice . —Some doubts appearing to exist whether inland postage is to ba taken in the United Kingdom upon lett ers addressed to be conveyed between the United Kingdom and the United States , by tbe oontraot packets belonging to the United States government , it is necessary it should be understood that no postage whatever is to ba taken in this country upoa tbe letters ia question , as the postage due for their eonvayance will be eellected in the United States . Letters forwarded to the United States ( by the British contract mail packets , or by any private ship , are liable to the game rates as heretofore .

      Appallin g Tragedy in New York . — An appalling traged y was enacted on Friday , Dec . 22 nd . at the corner of Grand and Walnut Streets ; New York . A . German named Geizer lived with a German female aa his wife . They were visited by another German named Marks , who , it is supposed , seduced or attempted to seduce the aflfeotiona of the female . On Friday a dreadful quarrel occurred between the two men and both were found dead , lying in their blood , and the female so dreadfully Etabbed that she is not expected to survive . It is supposed that Geizsr went to the house of Marks to obtain satisfaction for the real or imagined injury ; that the female was first stabbed ; and that then a sanguinary duel took place , in which both men weie killed .

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      . January 13 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN feTAR . 3

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 13, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1505/page/3/