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TO THE CHARTISTS.
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.. . Rational Itaffir grompciny.
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Cfliii list Intelligence.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mr Fsiehds , There is nothing more essential to the strength and character of a party , or more conducive to the success of its principles , than a thorough understanding . I have frequently told you , that the Utopian notions promulgated by well-paid but treacherous delegates and lecturers in 1839 and 1840 , as to the practical results of Chartismj went further than persecution and tyranny to ¦ weaken our cause .
A well-paid lecturer or delegate , who mainly- ^ nay solel y—depended upon shouts and approval for his weekly salary , went into the nicest details , and . told his audience critically what the People ' s Charter would do for the several labour classes ; and nothing so much tended to injure us with the middle classes—with the jury and all classes—as the undefined , Utopian and ridiculous expectations held out by those trafficking politicians .
I earl y foresaw the danger of such a practice , and I instantly told you and frequently repeated it , that "I would not , and could not , tell what representation , based upon the People ' s Charter , would accomplish . " I told you that it would be a despotic asssumption upon my part , or upon the part of any person , and that all that I would say was : — "That it would make a small and insignificant minority subject to the laws of the large and powerful majority ; instead of , as at present , subjecting an overwhelming majority to the caprice of an interested and insignificant minority . "
Now , that is my definition of the People ' s Charter , and I have invariably cautioned von that the efiect which , those iiti uggleswcfiild otherwise have upon the BritisHMinisterwould be weakened—nay wholly destroyed—by popular interference . Ihavexepeated the words of your own greatest 'bard— Shakspeare : —
"IF ENGLAND CANNOT KEEP THE BOG FKOM HER OWN D 00 R > LET HER BE WORRIED •" and I have told you that no other people upon the face of the earth care three straws for you , but would merely use you for their own purposes . And a gentleman who Bat in the National Assembly , and who was wholly and entirely unknown to you , and of whose name you had never heard—although you elected Jum—oong ht an interview with me to submit his French credentials from some French Club ; and , no doubt , had I in anywise encouraged him , we should have had more victims , and those that have been made owe their martyrdom , in a great measure , to that gentleman .
"When it was discovered that we could not be broken up , Dr . Bowbixg and his party sought to outbid us for popularity , by declarin « - for what they called Woman Franchisethus trying to make the people believe that they went farther than we did , although they went none of our own road with us . This , then , Chartists , has been the manojuvre by which dissension has been created in our ranks . I have studiousl y avoided
muring np the question of religion , or Socialism , or any other party question , with our principles—and I think every Chartist of sane mind will admit that I adopted the prudent course ; and now that I find that the cry of Ecpublicanisni is attempted to be raised—certainly without much support from the Chartist ranks —I consider it my dutyto address you upon the subject , in order that the apple of discord should not be thrown amongst our ranks .
The odium has been considerably taken off Chartism , and will be entirely removed , by its fair , temperate , but energetic discussion , both in and out of Parliament ; whereas , if tinged with the character of Republicanism , it at once raises the opposition—the most ty rannous opposition—nay , invites the persecution of all classes . Now , let me show you what a CRT is , and what Republicanism means . In the first place , the very term " Republic" covers its advocate
¦ wi th the inantle of Democracy , and not one in a hundred who advocates the principle , uses it for any other purpose than clap-trap . It is a mask to cover ignorance , while the real discussion of politics subjects the speaker—and properly—to vigilant popular control . If a speaker gets upon the platform , and says , "I am a Republican , " he may be cheered , but neither he nor his audience know the meaning of the term , or what the effect of its adoption and-realisation might be .
You have no right to contrast America "Hath any Monarchy , and for this reason—because America never was a Monarchy ; and , therefore , Republicans would not be arrayed against Monarchists , and Monarchists against Republicans , as ever has been the case in countries which have changed from Monarchies to Republics—while , in addition , the FREE SOIL advocates declare that in America there is as much class distinction , national suffering , and popular discontent , as in any Monarchy in the world .
The difference betwen a Monarchy , as you understand it , and a Republic , is simply this —that in the one case the head is called Bang , and derives his title from descent ; while , in the other case , the head is called President , and owes his title to election ; and , if there is one circumstance more than another which prevents the full developement of popular power and opinion in America , it is owing to the
mode of electing a President — the several candidates canvassing the electors according to the prevailing opinion of the several classes of electors . An election takes place every four years ; two years previous to it the country is divided into canvassing cabals , and it takes two years for the irritation to subside ; so that , as two and two make four , you have a continuous period of incessant strife .
Every democratic paper that comes to me from America , is full of class tyranny and popular discontent ; so much for free America . Now , for France . The Napoleon was first Consul , and the French fought and bled for the establishment of the Republic ; but they subsequently fought as enthusiastically , and bled as profusely for the establishment of a Monarchy , and Napoleon assumed the dignity of Emperor , nav , of Autocrat The tyranny
of the Bourbons led to the Revolution of 1830 ; and the old woman , Lows Philippe , was pledged to the maintenance of a most liberal Constitution . IBs tyranny and his violation of faith led to the Revolution of February , 1848 , and now France is a Republic , wiflTa President , with a bag of moonshine as its Constitution , and the people tamely submitting to more galling and oppressive tyranny , and to a greater abridgement of rights , than they were subjected to under the reign of Lotjis Philippe .
Upon the other hand , we have Belgium , only separated from France by a gate , with a population , as compared with extent of country , much larger than that of England or Ireland . The people of Belgium have all T > ut t&c Charter , and they arc more satisfied with , fie government of their elected King than they would be with a Republic . Belgium is only divided from France by a kind of landmark * . You walk or drive from one country into the other . Belg ium is only separated from Prussia bv an arch without a gate ; and although
Prussia and France have been revolutionised for more than twelve months , the people of Bfflgium have never adopted Republican principles . And why ? Because there the Labour Field is open ; the transfer of Land is facilitated ; no feudal impediment is thrown in the ^ ay ; the people cheerfully pay from £ o to £ 18 per acre rent , and can purchase it at over £ 200 an acre , at the end of nine years , which i * the usual lease ; and , therefore , every house *> . a sentry-box , and every peasant is a National Guardsman .
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When I visited the plains of Waterloo last I had a very intelli gent guide . He was at the battle of Waterloo . I asked him what was the feeling of the people as to the anticipated result ? He said that the Belgians were all in favour of Wellingtox , and against Napoleon ; as he was such a tyrant , they did not know what would become of them if Napoleon gained the battle . Switzerland is a Republic . I stopped for a week at the frontier town of Italy , close to the barrier . M y landlord had kept an hotel for
ten years—I think in Liverpool , and , I think , had followed business in Ireland—spoke English very well , and communicated a great deal of very valuable information to me . One morning as I was writing a letter to the ¦ " Star , " I heard a great row , and ran down stairs , I found this landlord , a very lusty and influential person , cuffing a peasant most soundly . "Halloa ! " I said , " you allowed to perform those pranks in Switzerland ? " "Oh ,, yes , " he replied , " there , is one law for ihe rich and another" for the
poor IN SWITZERLAND AS WELL AS IN ENGLAND !" Now , what conviction did this establish in my mind ? Why , this : —That until the Labourfield—Nature ' s pap—is universally opened for the unchecked exercise of industry , the poor would continue at the mercy of the rich , whether the form of Government was Republican or Monarchical ; and therefore it is that , for a number of years I have endeavoured to map out for you a perfect social system , and the politicial means by which it is to be achieted .
And nowhear my opinion—canvass it wenit is this : that with the Charter , exercised as its privileges would be by the best enlightened people hi the world , there would be no difference—not a particle—between Monarchy and Republic , provided THE POWER BEHIND
THE THRONE WAS GREATER THAN THE THRONE ITSELF . And if you had the Charter to-morrow , and if the casting vote devolved upon me for the choice of a head for life , or for any limited time , I would vote for the election for life , well'knowing that every act of Monarch or President would be subject to popular vigilant control ; that those who made could unmake ; while the incessant canvassings and elections for President or Monarch would keep the national mind in a state of perpetual turmoil , and would deprive the Monarch or President of all self-will and action , and subject nun to the caprice and control of the dominant faction .
For these reasons , my friends , and because we-have kept the ANIMAL unblemished , nnscared , and unmutilated ; and because , for its preservation , I have suffered more in mind , body , and estate , than any other man ; let me beg of you—let me pray of you—let me implore and beseech of you , not to put another iron in the fire , merely that it might be heated by the warm breath of perhaps well-meaning , and perhaps artful persons . Do not , I beg of you , allow any question as to the form of Government to be mixed up with our defined princi p le of representation ; get the Charter , and your united will is omnipotent ; no matter whether the Pope , the Devil , or the Pretender is on the throne .
You must wean your minds from the consideration of foreign questions further than the effect they may have uplfri Ministerial ^ aftSon . Keep' your minds steadily and steadfastly fixed upon " Home , sweet Home . " Let the monopolists of power understand that the now powerless would know how to distribute justice , to make and administer laws , to cultivate the national resources , uphold national
dignity , and make England , in truth , the envy and admiration of surrounding nations . Prove this , Brother Chartists , to your rulers , by exhibiting your knowledge of local affairs , your fitness for self-government , and your willingness to rely upon self-exertion ; but , in God ' s name , do not perplex the question with moonshine , absurdity , and nonsense . As , believe me , that nothing more tends" to frustrate our exertions than the dread which the
folly of madmen creates in the brain of fools . " One thing at a time , " is an old and a good maxim , and I conclude by imploring you to stick to the Charter , as , believe me , the Ministers' Irish difficulty will presently unite Celt and Saxon in a bond of union too powerful for tyranny to resist . Your faithful Friend and Representative , Feahgus O'Connor ,
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Anticipated Reduction of Interest on the Xational Debt . —The Adas , noticing the extraordinary rise which has already taken place of late in the price of government securities , and more particularly in Consols , refers to various rumours currefiton the subject , and , amongst the rest , to the following : — "It is confidently stated that the government intend to reduce the interest on Consols from three to two and a half per cent ., and , as it is known that this can only be done -when the stock is at par , it is assorted that the influence of the Bank and the government combined has been called into exercise , in order to prepare the way for this great measure , by supporting the funds , and ha 3 thus
occasioned the sudden and yet decided rise we have referred to . The reduction of the Three per Cents , to a lower rate would produce an immense difference in the national expenditure . The total public funded debt of the United Kingdom is £ 760 , 672 , 822 , of which £ 364 , 164 , 787 arcThreeffer Cent . Consols , and £ 123 , 433 , 000 Three per Cents . Reduced—forming together more than half the entire public debt . A saving of a half per cent : per annum on this enormous sum would enable the government to do without the income-tax , the malt-tax , and a variety of other minor imposts , equal to those struck out of our tariff by Sir Robert reel when the income-tax was first imposed !"
Sir CniRLEs Napier's Steamer , " Sidon , "—The Sidon is a failure . Her first cost , when built in 18 i 6 , and the alterations necessary to get her to " go , " after she was " ready for sea , " are briefly as follows : — "Cost of Hie ship" ( 1 S 46 ) £ 34 , 148 " Cost of engines" 34 , 155 " Fittinsfor sea" 0846 ) 3 , 747 More "fitting for sea" ( 1846 ) 1 , 226 More " fitting for sea " ( 1840 ) 1 , 078 More " fitting for sea " ( 1846 ) 5 , 428 More " fitting for sea " ( 1846 ) 1 , 023 More "fitting for sea " ( 1847 ) 1 , 808 More "fitting lor sea" 0847 ) 155 More " fitting for sea " ( 1847 ) 2 , 350 More " fitting for sea " ( 1847 ) 424 Coals used on trials of "fittingfor sea" 702
Total in "fitting the Sidon to sea . . £ 86 , 244 This seems a pretty experiment for Sir Charles Ifapier , who wasted considerably more than a fair share of thetime of the House of Commons for three or four vears , vexing the Government until ho was permitted at trying Sis hand at building a ship after his own plan , with something else than his own money . —Liverpool Financial Reform , Tract . The Passport System . —A step in the right direction has been taken by the English and French companies interested in the promotion of the traffic between London and Paris , by forwarding a collective petition to the Minister of the interior , showing the advantages that would result to both cities , from abolishing the passport system for travellers between the two countries .
Exports feom the United States . —From an official statement , it appears that the total value of the exports from the United States in the year ended June 3 W . 1 &JS , was 154 , 032 , 131 dollars , of the imports , Io 4 , 977 , 87 G , a singularly close approximation . ^ ° ~]* ? , ? vitM 8 i 7 , there was an increase of S 'J ' 1 , ' £ . dollars in imports , and a decrease of 4 , 61 b , 4 'Jl m exports , the latter accounted for by the smaller shipments of grain . Effects of Yeast . —The Albany KnkkcroocJccr mentions that some robbers upset a jar of yeast while entering a house , which ' raised' the family , and prevented the accomplishment of their designs .
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TO THE BOCHDALE CHARTISTS . Barnard ' s Inn , London ; February 26 th , 1849 . My Fmeitds , —By an error in the copying of my letter for the "Northern Star , " and inserted in that paper of the 24 th inst ., it was addressed " To the Chartists of Bradford , " instead of " To the Chartists of Kochdale , " to whom I repeat my thanks , and trust it will he a . precedent to your great body . Although the mistake occurred , I feel assured I shall have the opportunity of addressing the Bradford Chartists very soon .
A very trifling subscription from each would speedily amount to a sufficient sum to discharge my claim ; hut if it is to proceed at the present waggon pace , it will indeed be along time ere it is liquidated . At present 19 s . 4 d . has been subscribed ! !! A little more energy , my good Mends : railroad " express ; " no coaching or wagganing where character is at stake—but speed , energy , and reflection in all your movements , and the General Body will not only soon be in the independent position of paying everybody their just demands , but save themselves from obloquy and discredit , so long as those demands remain undischarged . Believe me to remain , your faithful servant , J . E . Nixon . —_« .
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TO THE CHARTISTS OF KING'S CROSS , NEAR HALIFAX .
Mr Fbiends , —I find by the " Northern Star , " of the 24 th February last , that you have , from your moderate means , subscribed 14 s . 4 d . towards liquidating my account for professional services , in defending your advocate and friend , Mr . Vemon , upon his trial in July , 1848 . This makes 19 s . 4 d . that has been contributed !!! However , receive my grateful thanks , my friends , trifling as the subscription is , in comparison with the largeness of my claim ; but let all the Chartists subscribe their mite—be it ever so small—and
the amount will quickly sink into insignificance . Believe me , it is not because your means are small that I appreciate your efforts the less . No ; on the contrary , if the subscriptions were larger , I would say no more than I do now ; but I thank you for it , and for the principle recognised by you and the Rochdale Chartists , viz .: that the professional man ' s bill is not to go unpaid , for defending their leaders and Mends , and that if it is to be paid—and which ought to have been the case long agoyour powerful and zealous friend , Mr . Feargus O'Connor , ought not to oe made the
scapegoat for that purpose . If a man does his business badly , do not pay him . If either of you made me a pair of boots , and they did not fit , I should not pay you for them ; but if they fitted , you are entitled to your money directly . The latter was my case—I transacted my business creditably for your leader ; the boots fitted , and I ought to be paid . The principle is just the same . The professional man must live as u-ellasthe tradesman ; but there is-a vulgar prejudice against us ; we are looked upon as a
sort of necessary evil—a dose of physic—and no one applies to us unless obliged : but if either the profession *! marc , or the tradesman does his work properly , ami to the satisfaction ef his clients , and euston ><; r& , dischargo Ins Mil offhand . JSow , let me again ask you , what inducement can there be for any promssioiia man to devote his time , packet , " and abilities for your benefit , it' h ; s services arc to go unrequited ? Does he not live by 'us profession , as well as you by you'" trades ?
My bill accrued in July , 1848 ; your leader was ably defended , as Mr . Feargus O'Connor , and several others , have been pleased to observe . So much the better ; but an Angel from Heaven would not have averted the verdicts , and those who are now suffering incarceration are suffering for you , on your account , and are the martyrs to your cause ; you ought not , therefore—now that they cannot speak for themselves—to leave them in the lurch , by not paying the costs of the struggle that was made for thair liberty . I say again , is it creditable to you all—as a body—whilst a paltry
subscription of a penny apiece would place Mr . O'Connor in ample funds to discharge all claims upon him , on your account ? This should have been done long ago ; not an undischarged bill ought to be in existence , that is , if the great body of Chartists value their reputation . But , in my case , it has been a downright injury to me ; and I feel assured that all good-meaning Chartists will see it in the same light , and will not hesitate longer in subscribing sufficient funds to discharge my demand . Believe me to be your faithful Servant , J . E . Nixon .
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Phonetic Tea Meeting . —Stockpoet . —On Saturday last , a tea meeting of the friends of the spelling reform was held at the Lyceum . About 300 persons were present . The Rev . < T . Thornton took thG Chair . The nUnlberS were considerabl y increased after tea . —Mr . Thomas Danes , a working man , moved the first resolution : — " That this meeting , regarding education as the birthright of every human being , earnestly desires the removal of all impediments ; toits diffusion , and the adoption of such facilities as may tend to promote the universal instruction of the people . "—Mi . Stephen Robinson , in a short , but able address , seconded the resolution . —Mr . Bradburn proposed the second resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Withers : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , one of the greatest hindrances to education is the extremely irregular and complicated character of the instruments of education—reading and -writing ; that the many
cannot command the time requisite to acquire these arts in their present form ; and that , if ever education is to be universally diffused , ' the simplification of these important means of instruction is indispensable . " —The Chairman next called upon Mr . Facey , who proposed the last resolution , namely : — " That this meeting , having had its attention directed to the attempt now being made in this country , and in America , to remodel , and , at the same time , to simplify the orthography of the English language , most cordially approves such endeavour ;—> elieving that the adoption of the Phonetic Spelling , will do more to ensure the education of the masses , than voluntary and legislative effort with the existing system of spelling . —The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr . Langley and Mr . Pitman . After a vote of thanks to Mr . Withers , Mr . Pitman , and to Mr . Langley , the meeting concluded bv a vote of thanks to the chair .
Labourers' Cities . —A new French journal , Le Pays , gives some account of a philanthropic scheme conceived , and about to be executed , by M . Chabcrt in the interest of the labouring classes—which extends in some useful respects the principle of the English model lodging-house . His project is , to erect in each of the avrondissoments of Paris what he calls " Labourers' Cities . " Clean and airy lodgings are to be provided for the tenants , at a price below that of their present tainted abodes ; consisting of a kitchen , bedchamber , and sitting-room , heated by stoves in winter , which are to be ventilators in summer . A common wash-house will be established for " each city " —and bathingvhouses , the tickets for which will be so distributed as to allow a certain number of haths per month to each inhabitant . .
The Invalids at Staxfield Hall . —In the early part of last week Mrs . Jenny had experienced more sufferin" - than lor some time past . On Sunday a further portion of the bone of the arm came away , and since that time , the cause of the irritation bavins been removed , we learn that the wound has a ^ ainiissumed a more favourable appearance . The servant , Eliza Chestncy , continues to progress m a most satisfactory manner ; but neither in one case nor the other , have the patients been able to leave their beds , nor in fact to be moved from the position in which they were p laced at the tuue of the injury .
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MAxenBSTEB . —A preliminary delegate meeting of Vorkshire and Lancashire was held in the committee room of the People ' s Institute , on Sunday , the 25 th ult . The following districts were represented : — Manchester , Mr . Sidley and Mr . G . H . Smith ; Old-1 mm Mi-. Tristram and Mr . It . Ashworth ; Rochdale , Mr . Bake ; Todraorden , Mr Mooney ; Stalybridge , Mr . Cooper ; Mr . S . Kydd of the Executive Council was present . Mr . Smith was nominated chairman , Mr . Kydd secretary . The annexed resolutions were unanimously agreed to . "In the opinion of this meeting , the distribution of tracts , explaining the principles of the People ' s Charter , and containing general useful knowledge , for the enhghtoBmont of public opinion , would Drove a ii « aful
au » Wy for the popular cause . " Moved by Samuel Kydd , seconded by Mr . Tristram . " We express our satisfaction at the policy pursued by the Council 01 tho National Charter Association , and pledge ourselves to support them in the districts we represent , and to express to our constituents the delioeratltins of this meeting . " Moved by Mr . R , Ashworth , seconded by Mr . T . Tristram . «• That a defeg ^ e . ; Hoe ^ tiag be convened , by tho Executive Council , to % e held at Todmorden , oft Sunday , Mareh \ l , 8 th , and that one or more of the member ' s of the Executive be requested to attond , and that the districts of Yorkshire , and North and Soutli Lancashire be invited to send delegates . " Moved by Mr . Mooney , seconded by Mr . Bake . '' That the
delegates pay the expenses of the meeting , and that the travelling expenses bo proportionatel y borne by each district sending a delegate . " Moved by Mr . Sidley , seconded by Mr . Bake . " That we recommend our constituents to consider the propriety of holding periodical public meetings , on week nights , for the consideration of subjects before parliament , on political interests . " Moved by Ralph Ashworth , seconded by Mr . Bake . " That we recommend the districts to consider , the admissibility of arranging a regulated and proper system of local lecturing , with a view to an efficient organisation . " Moved by Mr . Sidley , seconded by Mi * .-Mooney . Fi . vsburv . . —At a public meeting , held at the Finsbury Lecture-room , Clerkonwell-gi-oen , on Tuesday , the 27 th ult ., it was moved by Mr . Nobbs , and seconded by Mr . W . Salmon : — " Tiiat , in the opinion of this meeting , the people have a right to whatever form of government the majority think most
conducive to their interests . " Movedjby Mr . Allnutt , and seconded by Mr . Fennell : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , an interference of the European powers between the people of Homo and their government is unjust and tyrannical . " Moved by Mr . T . Salmon , and seconded by Mr . A . Puzzen — " That a petition founded upon the foregoing resolutions be adopted and presented to the House of Commons . " Moved by Mr . Allnutt , and seconded by Mr . Robert Fuzzen : — " That Mr . Wakley he requested to present the petition , and to support the prayer thereof . " The meeting then adjourned to Tuesday evening , March 6 th , at ei ght o clock . Hebde . v Bridge . — Some time back tho Ch . ir tists of this town began an evening school , for reading and writing , and arithmetic , and a number of youths from the factories attended . But two firms gave notice that if any of their hands attended the Chartist school they should be discharged .
JJkwiown , IIuddersfield . — The following resolutions were first passed at a weekly meeting on Wednesday the 21 st ult , and have been this day confirmed at the district delegate meeting , —Moved by Enoch Sykes , and seconded b y W . Murphy : " That we deem the comment in tho Northern Star of the 17 th ult , upon the letter of Mr . A . Walton , in reference to ' Home colonisation , ' of great importance to the labouring classes , and that we aro of opinion , that the present organised Chartists are imperatively called . upon to use their influence with the trades , to bring the subject efficiently before the legislature . " Moved by T . Hirst , and seconded b y John Woodhouse ; " That in consequence of the failure of the last National Petition , tc avo of opinion thui fk' recommendation of the Executive , ivitls regard to petitioning , should be imniciiintcty
aotiil upon , that our 1 'uw . ts may bo made sov \ siblt ot oiiv dotcvniivv . v , U < H \ to be yoltokwlly fvce . " ., ; : . Tov&sh Hami . v . ts . — GoinHUTcial H&ll , Pliilpot ' ntr « ot—A ioeture w : vs delivered hi the « bi > v (? Hun on Fiklriy , the 23 rd ultimo , ]; y the Htv . il fti .-soiia , of Kbley , on tli . t "WWe ami the Six Points . " The loouu'er «\ c . ivIy ] Mt votl , to : i cp /; Werf jiudiene ; -, thai- the uriuoi pk . ? oithe "People ' s Charter" and real practical Christianity are alike . Aftoi a vote of thanks to the lecturer , and to the chairman , ( Mr . Kendrick ) , the meeting separated . Westminster . — At an adjourned meeting of the members of this branch , at tneii room , 17 , Kyder ' scourt , Lcicestcr-squaro , on Sunday , February 25 th , Mr , Dixon delivered a very able lecture on " Tho Condition of the Mining Population of England . " After which it was announced that Mr , M'Grath would lecture at the same place on Sunday next , at half-past seven , on " Revolutions—their Causes , and Consequences . " ¦ - - U - L II-- ^ fc" ' ' * '
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CHARTIST SILK FABRICS . We have to call the attention of ths Chartist friends throughout the country , to an advertise * ment which appears in our columns of this day , Oi various silk articles , made especially for sale amongai the adherents of the Chartist cause . We have seen samples of these goods , and we pronounce them , as being in every nay creditable to the manufacturer , and worthy of the support of those for whom they are intended . They have two essential qualities—they are good and cheap : and although we are no advisers of the doctrine of ? cheapness / yet we know that iu the present competitive state of society , that ' cheapness' is unavoidable , added to which , if labour is sold cheap , the labourer must have the advantages of cheapness in bis articles of consumption .
We have provided ourselves with some of the articles enumerated in the advertisement , being desirous of appearing in our ' true colours , ' and to each of our readers and friends , we would « ay , — ' Go thou and do likewise . ' We here give a detailed analysis of the advertisement . —Rich shot silk dress pieces , green and black , and green and red brown , with deep blue satin stripes . Extra rich black satin vesting ; this is a strong and durable article , and worthy the attention of all admirers of satin vestinga . A large assortment of gentlemen ' s silk and satin
neckerchiefs , which , for brilliancy ot colour and q uality , cannot be surpassed by any other house io the trade . The Chartist ladies' neck-ties , with the motto of the ' Land and the Charter' beautifully thrown up in satin at each of the four corners ; these are universally admired for their richness of colour and the splendour and neatness of the design . The manufacturer , in order to suit all parties , has a large assortment of the same design with the ex . ception of the motto , which has been omitted , and the Pine Apple substituted .
we understand the manufacturer will shortly have in his agents' hands & specimen of rich satin O'Connor Tartan for vests and scarf ? , entirely his own inveutien . Also a large assortment of gentlemen's silk pocket-iandkerchiefs . which shall command our attention a 3 soon as they come to hand .
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Bigamy—J . Bradlsy , 39 , was indicted on Wednesday , at the Central Criminal Court for feloniousl y intermarrying with Catherine Hurley , his wife being then and now alive . In the year 1837 the prisoner was married , at St . Luke ' s , Chelsea , to his first wife , with whom he lived but a very short time , she having returned to her father ' s roof . to seek protection from his violence . From that period up to the present he had made repeated attempts to see her , at . though in the May of 1842 he was married to Catherine Hurley at St . Pancras and continued tolive with her until a short time ago , when having had some disagreement , she left him ; and he having told her lie was a married man , she gave information wheh led to the prisoner ' s apprehension . The jury found the prisoner uilty , aud he was sentenced to one year ' s imprisoment . '
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THE WOftKINfr CLASSES —THE SE $ <| LSYSTEM . ¦ ¦ '¦ $ ' Leicester , Feb . 26 th , 18 * 9 . Mn . Editor , —I felt much gratified in reading " L Ami du Pouple ' s" letter in the Star of February 17 th , and I am sorry to say there is too much trnfh in ins remarks , concerning the apathy the Chartists have fallen into ' since the imprisonment of some of tlieir best loaders . I was in hopes that the victories gained by our brethren on tho Continent were sufficient to have raised their spirits , and made them redouble their energies in using all legal aiid constitutional means to gain their rights . There arc hundreds of young men in Leicester who pretend to be Chartists , and have been members oftlie Association , and good ones , too , at thetime of a panic , when they were half-starved with hunger , but , as soon as they got employment , thev totallv
forgot their political duties . It appears to me that if they can get as much by working fourteen or fifteen hours per day as will keep boay and soul together , they are perfectly- satisfied . I am sorry to have to censure my brother Chartists of Leicester for their apathy . This letter is not written with any desire to give the least offence , bat to remind all of their duty , and not to forget the-irtcaroenkted prisoners and their families , -who are suffering for advocating the cause of liberty . "L'Ami du Peuple" mentions , that an old friend of his saw Wilson executed at Glasgow , some thirty years since . I was in Glasgow at tuat time , but did not see him suffer . I was working with four shopmates—shoemakers—at the time , who rose from their seats , and asked me if I would not so ? I
told them I would not , and if the inhabitants of Glasgow were of my mind , the magistrates of Glasgow should finish the dirty work they had began , for that was another government plot , and one that I had a very narrow escape from . This plot originated from four men , or devils , calling themselves committee-men , who held meetings at three or four different houses . I think the numbers attending these meetings did not amount to more than three or four score . There was not to be less than fifteen , nor more than twenty-two , at a house at one time , and those spies made them believe there wore twelve thousand in Glasgow holding meetings in tho same way , and several thousands in Strethavcn , and that meetings were being holden in tho same manner throughout England and Scotland , and a day would
he appointed when the whole of Great Britain were to rise and march to London to demand their rights , like Wat Tyler . I doubt not , but those vagabonds had agents in England , for they used to read letters from England very frequently , informing them how well they were getting on—that they would have plenty of arms and ammunition served out to them when they arrived at a certain place—and that one thousand men were to join them when they arrived at Carron Iron " Works , and at that place they were to receive further instructions . At length the fatal day arrived , and bills were printed and posted in all directions of the city . Those bills requested tho people not to interfere who did not wish to have anything to do with the rising , but keen at home , as they did not intend to injure cither person or property . The next morning they were to be on their march for London—and now for the villany of those infernal spies . They directed those men to meet on Glasgow-green at twelve at night , and if they did
not meet with the main body , they were to march on to Bonnie Muir , and if they did not find them there , to wait their arrival . Thosn deluded men met on the Green at the appointed time , but , not finding the main bod y . nor one of the committee-men , they marched off for Bonnie Muir , as directed , about three score in number . At length the main body arrived in the person of Lieutenant Burdett and a troop of tho 10 th Hussars . The consequence was , that twenty-one were taken prisoners , and the remainder escaped . Those prisoners were taken to Stirling Castle to await their trial for high treason , and the whole were sentenced to death , according to law , for that crime . Two only suffered that nunishmont— llnvtlio and UaWA—the v--i ; i . uni !; : r im ow . s wore transport' / ' ! for iifa . The ivcrotiiiii-ei ! j >; tui wtt'O to uifci . ' t at CiU-liiCcri littv .-s , tvUoiv pi ^ oi" Wilynn ivns t .-iV . tui , jiiid broil } .. ' ; i- > - )) i ^ # "s \ it . uuiiiit wiiiiin the limn ; uf Tinii f iitihiri ' , 0 u . c ~ I 5 ji ; iiie Aifur is iu the limits oi' > Stirlin " . vhiro .
Now , Mr . Editor , i "• njjposu you will rinnU 1 was . iOtnewhrU- connect *; - ! m i ! : is affair , but I iissuiv you I was not . Tliciv . was oi : e Itoborl Oniv among thu nineteen traiupoi ted , < i young man of good character , and a very intimate acquaintance of mine , and , as sure as I am writing this , so sure was Robert Gray innocent of the crime he suffered for . I am certain he never had anything to do with that affair . He called on me tho day before , when the bills were out , and told me he had a great desire to see Carron Iron Works , and if I would go with him , we would go as far as Carron , ana we should see what sort of a turnout they made . To this I agreed , and promised to
meet him on the Green at the appointed time . The night was very wet , and I missed my time about a quarter of an hour . I was on the' Green at about twenty minutes past twelve . It was wet and dark . I traced over different parts of the Green , and could discover no one , so I returned home , and went to bed , thinking that no one had gone on account of the wpt night . The next day a rumour sprang up that eighteen thousand insurgents were entering the city from the Broomielaw Bridge , and the ltifle Corps were going to meet them . I ran up to the Trongatc , and saw the soldiers , with the Lord Provost and magistrates at their head , and looking as bold as Hector , knowing , as they did , that they had nobody to meet .
Kow , Mr . Editor , lest you or any other may wonder how I came to know so much about their meeting and deny having anything to do with it , I will tell you that I worked with a shopmate afterwards who wa 3 in the whole concern , and who made his escape from Bonnie Muir , and he told me the whole affair . Hardy and Baird , who suffered death , were very intelligent young men , and of good moral character . I remain , your most obedient servant , George Wray .
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«^ B- THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . TO THE EDIT 0 B , OF THE ' NORTHERS STAR . ' Sir , —Knowing the deep interest you take in the welfare of the working classes , I forward / or insertion , the following details connected with the movement of the miners of Northumberland . At a delegate meeting held last week , and nhich was attended by an increased number , of delegates , it was resolved to engage two lecturers to agitate the colliers in this district . The parties engaged are B . Erableton , and R . Turnbul ; the former is an old veteran in the miner's cause , and one of the Old Guards' of Chartism , and the latter is a most devoted advocate of the poor man ' s rights . A general meeting of miners of this district , is appointed for Saturday , March 3 rd , at' Botany Bay near Cranbington , at which every miner should make it h \ s duty to attend .
The Cowper miners have nably done their duty , and by standing firmly together have obliged their employers to give them all they asked . The Seaton Deleval miners are all at work again , and have succeeded in preventing the extensive reduction ot prices offered them from being carried into practice . Thus we have the colliers at work , and although the trade is extremely bad , —many pits only orking two and three days a week , yet as the uuion will bring restriction or regulation of work , the time is not far distant when prosperity and a proper remuneration for their labours wiil be the lot of the hard-toiling and industrious miner . It is intended shortly to petition parliament to pass a law for the better protection of the lives and health of
miners ; for it is a fact that more injury is done to the miners through the defective ventilation in pits where no explosive gas accumulates , but where carhonic acid gas abounds ; and wherever this deadly gas prevails , ventilation is but imperfectly carried on . Explosions such as occurred at the Darley Main and at Haawell Collieries attike us with alarm and arouse the sympathies of the human heart for the sufferers , but carbonic acid gas kills blowly , and consequently brings no alarm . The fact , however remains undisputed , that more miners meet & premature grave in collieries where this deadly gas abounds , than are killed by exploson . . Yours , i :., Jude . February 27 th .
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CHOLERA . . K . The following fresh cases were reported to the V ^^ M Board of Health on Saturday : — St . George ' s-m-thc- V \ T East Workhouse , 3 ; Hcxhaiu , 1 fttal ; L'dmbtirgh , V \\ 1 Glasgow , 23 , 8 fatal ; Kilmarnock , 4 , 3 fatal ; JS \ Riccarton , I ; Largs , Ayr , 1 ; Loutlon , from 19 tU \\ \ inst ., 24 , 11 fatal ; Lecroft , by Stirling , 1 fatal ; f \ Fewton , Dalkeith , 1 fatal ; Stow , 3 , 2 fatal ; \ Greenock , 1 ; Hamilton , 2 fatal ; Auchinleek i ; f ° Galston , 2 fatal . —Total , 75 now cases ; 31 deaths . \ On Monday , the following fresh cases were re- V . ported to the Board of Health : —Whitechapel , 1 ; Bethnnl Green , 3 ; Bethnal Green Lunatic Asylum , v Jlethnal Green , 3 ; iJethnal ween Lunatic Asylum , v
i ; Hefuge , Hackney-road , 1 fatal ; Kensington , 1 ^ w fatal ; Weston Ilitehin Union , 2 , 1 fatal ; Carlisle , \ 7 fatal ; Edinburgh , 2 fatal ; Glasgow , for 24 th , 24 , ( A 10 fatal ; ditto , 25 th , 0 fatal ; Riccarton , 13 , 2 J A fatal ; Old Kilpatrick , 3 , 2 fatal ; Galashiels , 2 J \ fatal ; Grecnock , 5 , 3 fatal ; AllQa , ' 7 , 3 fntal ; Stir- i \ ling , 8 , 1 fatal ; Kilmarnw-feffti ' ¦ ¦ ' 9 fatal ; Shotts , from Dec . 26 , 84 , 4 ( J fatal : ;/ ffi ^ ton , ' 3 , 1 fatal ; Paisley , from 18 th inat ^^ j / Mlfetal ^ Total , 220 new cases ; 109 ioa&atS :. : \^ .. -C * % i [ ' f&s ' ' ¦ On Tuesday , ' 'th # ( folw \ yin ^ iftes& oa $ os ; . \ fc 6 ife , roi ported to the Board of Health .- ^ BcthniU-groen , ' 3 ; Betlmal-green Lunatic Asylum , 1 ; Stepney , 1 ; Kensington , 1 * fatal ; Edinburgh , 1 ; Glasgow ) 14 , I * fatal ; Hamilton , 2 , 1 fatal : ftieeiirton , 0 , 2 fatal ; Galashiels , I , 8 fatal . —Total , 33 new cases ; ll > deaths .
On Wednesday , the following fresh cases were reported to the Board of Health : —Whitechapel , 3 fatal ; Bethnal-grcen Lunatic Asylum , 2 ; lloxton , 1 fatal ; Refuge llackticy-roud , ' 1 fatal ; Dreadnought Hospital-ship , 1 fatal ; Carlisle , 2 fatal ; Glasgow , 12 , 4 fatal ; Iticuarton , 13 , 3 fatal ; Grecnock , 1 fatal ; Galnsliiuls , 1 ; Duiifunnliiii ' , 3 ; Girvan , from 13 th ult , 21 , li ) fatal ; Xeweastle-upou Tyne , 11 , 4 fatal . —Total , (>!) now cases ; 40 deaths . Cholkka at the Pkmale Uefuok , Uackxkykoad . —On Saturday last , before Mr . Baker , at tho Lansdowno Arms , Thomas-street , oit MiirvAnu
Yaughan , aged 14 , an inmate of the above asylum , who died of Asiatic cholera . It appeared that tho deceased had been some months in the Kt-fiige . During the last fortnight she suffered much from premonitory symptoms of cholera . On Suiulay week she was seized with eramps , and soon after with Asiatic cholera , of which she died soon after . There were nine patients under treatment i ' or cholera , thirteen have died , and twenty have recovered . The other inmates , forty-two , have been removed t » Walworth . Mr . Ball , the medical officer of tlio institution , attended deoeajsed at first , but he Ijeing taken very ill , Mr . Keyuoltls , another surgeon , attended her latterly , and adopted the treatment of
Dr . Billing , which is recommended by the College of Physicians . Dr . Cobb also saw deceased daily . Mr . ltoynolds considered the cholera was caused by the inmates going to chapel in the morning at hulf-past eight clock , when it was < l ; t : ii ]> , ami of too low temperature for persons who had just got out of bed . The matron also stated that the chapel was built on a site that was formerly : i cesspool , and the inmates had frequently complained of thu effluvia which prevailed in the chapel , which she believed arose from that circumstance . Verdiut , " Natural Death from Cholera . " The jury recommended that a stove be placed in the chapel .
Dkaiii from Asiatic Cuoleua . —On Saturday last an inquest was held by the coroner for tho southern division of Cheshire , in the manufacturing village of Gatley , near Stockport , on the body of . Ann 1 ' aulden , tile daughtey of a labourer at tliac place , reported to have died of cholera . Tliu mother reported tliat'thc g irl was taken ill on Thursday morning with vomiting and purging . Sim was very cold about the body , ( particularly so at the extiemitisa of her limbs ) , nnrt the iitnv '; \ . ;\ a ,, \ iii ! ii » ijl * . -xi vsii . ii tin uf : Xi- / i'vi ? i ^ . filie v .. v , sW ' . ru " . ! ; ' v ^ stii-: i ) mitil with ! . ; ; v i ' -.-w lionvs i . t ' ~ i . > : v > ' .. . ; b , '\ ' . ! :
ttK . k \ i \ XM i . U ' . ¦ 1 UJ . T IV . OlT . lttL . ' i . t ' iM : i \ : . ( ¦ . " .. !!! . ¦• r i ,-wi > V < •¦!¦; . % . —Mr . ' !)!<; in ! i » - ' : ' .. : ¦ . ¦• . ¦ . ruew . - . :- ; v ! i ti . s -. v : \^ > .-iit i ' , . 'i- vo v . rU'J . u -Vrii l v ... ' u- \ -. , Kit 01 : ' ui * : ir ¦ rival i " ou ' iu \ »\ m h ; ul i-. spir-v .. bho ii } i | .. f ; n- < . ( i ; o h . ivc sunk in a statv of collapse ; aii *! ho wu of opinion . iV ' . uii t . i : > apjKttivtiKv oi ' tlm iioily , kiicJ -h-t .-tr . i ;•• - ! i ¦ ii ts made to him on hw an v . ii , tkn ske had dit-.-l < . 'i * Asuit : <; cliuWu . — 'I'li : ; jury reliiiiiotl a verdicL ui accordance with the surgeon ' s opinion .
To The Chartists.
TO THE CHARTISTS .
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The Cambkrweia and Walworth Locality . — A meeting of the Land Company was held on Wednesday , the 28 th ult ., when it was resolved That the members who cannot make their paymen ' s by the 25 th of March next , or sho * r to t ^ e commutes , their reasons for not doing 30 , at the expiration of that time , will be struck from the books and forfeit the monies paid by them to the company .
.. . Rational Itaffir Grompciny.
.. . Rational Itaffir grompciny .
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The Glasgow Tueatke . —On Thursday night wetfk this place of amusement was rg-opened for the first time since the late melancholy calamity , under the patronage of tho Hon .. Sheriff Alison . ' % er . - tire proceeds of that night , along with the following night , were appropriated to the benefit of ' the bereaved relatives of tho ; e who lost th ' . 'ir lives by tke late calamitous accident . ^
Cfliii List Intelligence.
Cfliii list Intelligence .
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. . THE LATESr FOREIGN NEWSjGZ ^ THE ROMAN STATES . Evacuation of Fbruaba .-A telegraphic despatch has beeu received here ( Paris ) fiom Ferrara , dated 25 th ult ., announcing the complete evacuation of that city and the papal territory'by the Austrian troops .
OPENING ' OF THE PRUSSIAN CHAMBEBS . Berlin , Feb . 26—The Prussian Chambers were opened this morning , at bal ' -past eleven o ' clock , by the King . Cologne , Frb . 28 . —The day before yesterday being the anniversary of the French' Revolmion , it yc . zs kept here by a grand political dinner , which Seas attended l > y a numerous party . Some ultra democratic speeches were made , espt iially hv the Deputy Geadbaeb , against the bouse of Hoheczoljern , the Count of Brandenburgh , &c . &c .
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The following appeared iu our Third Edition of last week : — Dubm . y , Wednesday . —TitiAi . ok Mn . Dvffy . — Disagreement oi ? the Jury . —Thure will be no verdict in this " monster trial . " Tho Solicitor-General replied on the part of the crown sit the sitting of tho court this morning . Mr . Justice B ; iU , whose charge occupied five hours and a quarter , sent the jury to their room ( it half-past seven o ' clock in thuuveiling . At eleven o ' clock at night the jury canio into court , when it appeared that there was not the rcinutcsc chance of their agreement . They were then locked up for the night . The jury are to he discharged this day without a verdict ; anil , if Mr . Duffy is to be tried again , the proceedings must cuminciice de novo . The jury were discharged on Thursday in Gavan Duffy ' s case , not having been able to agree . Ib seems admitted that one of the jurors ( Mr . Burke ) ,
the proprietor of the Shelburne Hotel ( the largest in Dublin ) , was in favour of an acquittal on all thu counts . Mr . Burk ? is a lloman Catholic . Three othersof the jury , says the jFreewan '« Journal ; Messrs . Stokes , Harrington , and Taylor , a Catholic , a Quaker , and a Church of England man , were for acquitting Mr . Dufty on those counts which charged him with attempting to depose the Queen . After the jury were discharged Air . Uaron Lefroy said , that as it was probable that there would be a further trial in that case , he wished to say that lie had not given " any opinion , to the effect that ib was necessary to prove the actual writing of an article to make a prisoner liable for the publication under the act . On the 7 th of April , at the next commission , Mr . Duffy is again to be tried , but will remain in durance till that time .
DEroriTiATiorf . — A letter from Athlonc , u . itcd the 20 th inst ., and published in the Fi-tcmau of this morning , says : — " The work of extermination goes on here with railroad velocity . About one hundred of tho most substantial of the farmers of this neighbourhood have , withm the last low weeks , tied from the homes of their fathers—tho sheriff and his levellers fly from village to villa" * , their track is marked by the hideous ruins ot farmhouses and cottages , once the homes ot happy aud . contented inmates . " Doxkoal Election— Mr . Thomas Conolly , son of the Into member , was elected on lucsday without opposition .
The Alleged Case of Violatiox at Ersojr . — Epsom , Thursday . —The magistrates assembled this morning for the purpose of further proceeding with this investigation , after the examination ot several witnesses for the defence the prisoner was discharged . It is still in the option of parties to prefer a bill of indictment for the alleged offence . Mr . 15 artlctt , having been formerly discharged , was here taken into custody by Mr . Kecnc , on a civil process for the debt for which he had been originally placed in Horsemonger-lane . The discharge of Mr . Bartlctt appeared to give rise to considerable satisfaction among the townspeop le ofhpsom . llio household furniture and effects lately belonging to Mr . Bartlctt were sold oft' yesterday under an
execution . FRANCE . —It is stated by tho correspondent of the Times , that the combatants of February , and all tho individuals imprisoned at any period for political offences , had resolved to meet at ei « ht o ' clock this ( Saturday ) morning , on the Place do la Concorde , to walk , in procession to the Bastille , and do homage to the memory of those interred there who fell in July , 183-5 , and in February , 1848 . The representatives of the Mountain , and the directors ot tUo various popular associations , have addressed tho people , and advised thorn to remain calm , and to honour the groat anniversary by proving to their enemies their respect for-order and loyalty . _ IT ALY . —Mazzini has obtained the right of l \ o w' citizenship . The Roman Hag , by a recent deci u > , consists of the tricolour , with the Roman eagle in the centre . It is stated that the Swiss troops at Fcrrara have consented to enter into a now capitulation with the executive government .
GERMANY . —The Cologne Gazette , of tho 22 nd inst ., states , in a correspondence from Mannheim , that great numbers of working men are assembled on the frontiers of Baton , in the direction of tho Lake of Constance district and the Oberl : in < l ( jusi ; as before tho two other republican movements ) , and adds , that it is suspected that Brentauo , tho well-known popular leader , is gone to tno Odeiiwald , where , it is said , the ronublicinsi will first attempt nn insurrection . Tho autliorito liavo been urged by the Baden government and the central executive to be " on the alort to proyowt tinned assemblages
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. ^ r ( fi t' - jrt ^ w ^ -- **^ AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL
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P- Xfl . HQ . 593 . JOMDON , SATURDAY , MARCH 3 , 1849 . , „ . g ^^ 3 ^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 3, 1849, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1512/page/1/
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