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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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SSS , " ^? ! £ *?* before Vo *** from , a pas-SrS . I , lookl ! P » * ^ settlement of the q \ iesuon , asxarasiteanbe settled in the present *? , and be rt L . orne in miad tUat ^ ^ JJ writes not to provo a point either iu politics or political economy , bufc to elucidate the truth of historr by giving us as correct aa idea as possible of the past condition of our couutry . nc SayS : _ " There is one very unp ! easin remark Tvliich every one wuo attends to the subject of prices will toe induced to make , that the labouring classes , es - pecially thess cn aged in agriculture , were better provided « tth tlic means of subsistence in the reign of Edwaid IDL or of Henry VI . than they aro at present . In the fourteenth century , Sir John Cul-Juni observes , a harvest man had 4 d . a daywhich
, enabled him in a week to buy a comb oi" wheat ; tut to buy a comb of wheat a man must now ( 17 S 4 ) -work ten or twelve days . ¦ * * let ( continues HaLam ) , although these wages are regulated , as a ma ximum , by Acts of Parliament which mavnatu-Tally be supposed to liayc a View rattier towards dinmnsluug ihan enhancing the current rate , lam not fully convinced thatthey were not rather bevond it ; private accounts at least do not always correspond with these statutable prices . And it is neccssavy to remember that the uncertainty of employment , natural to so imperfect a state of husbandry must have diminished the labourer ' s means of subsistence . Extreme dearth ,-not more owin «* to adverse seasons than to Improvident consump ^ tion , was frequently endured . But after every allowance of t / tis laid , I sFiould f . nd it ' dificult to resist the conclusion , that however the labourer Jias
derived Lcnffit from , tfie clieapness of manufactured CQVHtiQditiet , and from many inventions o f common tr ttffty , he is mucft inferior in , aoilitij to support « family , to Ms anccsters Utne or four chawies ago . " * I think , sir , I have said enoush to convince * your readers th- » t the Editor of the C / irouiclc is not meet-Ing-the arguments of Louis Bhac in the manner in which they should be met . If the theory of the Socialist is to be disproved by facts and figures , the facts should Iks facts , and the figures should be correct . I do not "for n moment , however , imagine
that the Editor of the Clarordcls sought to take ad-Tantagc of a stranger ' s want of acquaintance with the obscurer parts of our history . I merelyAvish to say that he has not given the subject that attention "which it merits , and being iil-ioformcd of the times and circumstances of which lie writes , ho throws out random statements , not because they are true , so much as that they arc convenient for making oat a c = » se that needs a support , refused by past history and praseut experience , liictwcen the * Editor of the Weekh Chronicle and Hallam , it will not be difficult for yosr readers to choose the best authority .
In conclusion , I may i-esiark that the very fact of au honest difference on saeli a subject , Is as strong a preof as need be of Site unnatural condition or thTfcgs ; If society was waking a natural progress uniter the direction t ) f wisdom and experience , an able and in-partial historian like Hallam ,-coald not hare made the sorrowful acknowledgment "which I Lave just quoted . Ceosefeii .
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COLLIERY E 5 JTL 0 SI 0 XS . — GESiT ' LOSS OF LIFE . Great HissgSjSsab Debxet . —Tsesut . —An exjdosion of Sa-e-damp in the coa ? pits-of Mr . Thomas Morris , of ttosiptese , occurred tlns-meming . They are contM £ uans 1 ; o the jocalitf ^ here ^ cSe Ssoar Valley Railway and the Birmin « hanrGnnal run closely parallel at Grost Bridge . Soon after site o ' clock this morals " the colliers { men aad boys ) descended tiie shaft . They were accompanied by Thomas P-niehard , "the doggy , " who bore snjkeellent character amongst both mas ~ tens fiu 3-ir . cn . It is said that oncRicrin 2 the shaft ,
and on arming In the mine , he Imd with him the safety lamp / iaid took every -precaution to prevent accidents . The depth of the mine is 274 yards . There-are m = it seven ro : »; 1 s , some Gf which are from sixty to eigir iy yards lonj . About half-past six an explosion took " place , r . ud the ^ neig hbourhood of Great Bri « gs was turowa iatoasffite of ihe greatest aim in . JVs scon as possible the shaft was descended , -and asKon-rsi the most active inreu'leri ' -iST assistance totheuiifoUiHiate sv . ferers was JMr . ^ Iorris , the pr oprietor of the worlss . Thousands of miners" and colliers from all parts of the country speedily assembled cr . the spot , ran ] r . o exertions were spared--to aseerfc-an tiie extent of the calsmitv , and render
aid to tlW 50 to whom further aid-could be of any service . By eleven O cleck sltout -sixty-two ^ men and Tjovs were t : ir : en from the pic ; of these eig ht were dead , and m : i « y so seriously i ?« : red that iso hopes itvc estorUihivd cfthsir recovery . Tlie six bays reraiinlus in the pit there caw bs-no reasonable doubt are killed , for so late as four o ^ cioek this aftaraoon fljc-i ^ es cRca of sulphur was so -powevful Unit men -whoNrer . t down tbepit with tJie view of giving assistance , -were abliaed-to be sudJealy drawn urp , aisd -when placed in tWo pen air It vs- « = some time befcyc ihey recovered fmmlts effects . It is thought that , at least , no ft-wsv litau from -twenty to twenty-five lives wili bo lost bvtlMs nnfertunatc accident .
jlaion ? the men wlio ai-e Uilled was PritCi ! ai"C - "the do «< rv /' who Teamed the safety-lamp . Itis stated hy sfnae of ih-3 sarvhors ^ bat after examining 4 he pit , and when ths collier * were " brushing -sulphur , " he unsf-rewsd tlse lainp . To this they-atxriliute tlse isnition of the iire-daicp , and the fata , results which ensued . Sr . me jrSKons in the neighbourhood go so far . £ 3 to assert Almt the ^ ircsence ^ of sulphur In the pltfeas boon T . otoffious , and ge neKu .-y spoken offor soaie-jsoadis past ; but tins would-ap-¦ ncar Inconsistent with the . general character 4 rliIchrrir 2 . ' : { r « b « reibrdi 5 C-3 'Si : l 3 n , prudence , and Socd nsanas ^ iaeKt . , , related having
° 'Tarious aSectss ; s = inei . lcnts arc as ^ cenrred withisi the suii : e at thtt . Sme of the emission . The boYs . ususily emp loyed in the roadways ., = and the dririue ofxhs Lorscs aK-almost all dead or « yiu « - O :: e . uioi-lsul was found at the bottom * of ihesliaft , ai : orsc : -wi « i ! bhavn . yp 3 , y the ignited vapour , liavins teilsn upon biui and kiHed isua . Javier kd , from Somcrsctabirc , recently apprcu-^ iced to Piirdwra ,-was amongst the kil . cd . Of mo seven horses in tae : p : t only two --were Drought up ^ i 2 iv ** At six o clock , owing to the prevalence of npowr , -ihewhol" of the liedi « s I : ad not =-Voi reeoverad-I , Tit it Is cspcclcd . tlsrt they will l > e brought up arav i ,-. tlieewSiin ! r . < 3 :. eof the suiieprs , a mamcu , man frojo Tip ' ton , LssJeftbeluud Mai a widow ans aune-ciiilds'Oii . . ~ ¦* The « it h ^ id not ueen wortcd siecc Satur « wyr -fhe greater eaution v . i £ therefore repaired on catc-rin ° -Ft this iiioriiiiig .
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BoTii PotnECiKK Isstitutiox . — io clouo W » d « l-e in such s . garb as --to make it StateSrto the mdnidate . 1 is a thh ^ f some diffl-? « W an . l « ikc t ! : e esiablislmicat of ttsc r « ytcci .-afc S ^ & o " , it 1 « S ever J ** a ihc Af * of its ina-Ji « ers to orcwomc this UiScaltv . The lectures on ^ . fAftSas- ^ ffl . 's i ^ ss- S ^ sis ^ r ^ Ss-s ^ f ^ vssi S ? nS » 5 CmJmi Tfe Jranwl ax ** " tss&tf&s& r S ** s ^ £ s&s ?? lHiS ;;« n « fMifiihvpee € lcbr . -. tcd ligM * , ^ eLune , thei ^
eci ^;^ a r ^^^ - « anSof spending an hour of ptenft 7 , b ended S £ much iierlmi infonnaHon , Ifc Bnssdl , hfe tfVrurv-kve Ih&ton is jitiiyr a amacal cnto--Ivnmcitt v . iilch he &si < mates a " Lecture on GLa-S- " VlJcU is alike SatnicHve to the amateur Sftc lessor . The-musicl illusb-ations are 2 iven in feumal dcliahtfiil comic style , which ap-| ear to be du ' y apprc ^ tfed by this audjence . * S * US OT THE DlOHAia , toV ^ M ^ Tuesday IMr . LcifchiW \> ui np to .-. action , at « ma TOT ' s , the Diorama , I-JgenS ' s Park , ^^ JjVi the t ^ o ^ Kiiid pictures , » Tke Yalley of Kosen | a » i , in the Bernese Oberland , painted by M . Vio&e , enci
and " The Church of Santa Croce , at llor ., nainted bv the Chevalier Bouion , now exhibiting Se tL property further included the powerful autJosth mLhinery , the workshops and machnie-Toom , aftiiantity of valuable budding ground and the thirteen valuable pictures winch ***> }* & * & . ' Mbitea in former years . In the erection of the vioiama , about £ 10 , 000 had been expended , and eacn of the piatures , winch are relied on large cy linders ,, cost aboEc £ 400 , while the eatate was held under a lease of which serentv-three years was ancxpired , at a rent of £ 200 per annum , and between £ 3 , 000 and £ i 000 aras received annually at the doors . In answer ' to a question , the solicitor for the land-^ STrfat « d that a person who purchased the
proiertv mH » t , « th - the consent of tiie proprietor , ^| il £ Sr ^ S ^ ffi ^ M ttat He "U *> P « t »* lffit SSTt&SS ^ SSp ^ zgSrssi ^ x& itt enthusiafatic - .- . - ^ ^ dbercWefs ted j ^ Travinjj of hats ™*™ ^ ^ cfceUj . pearance . ^ J ^^^ Oae example of steady Uimrr ot ^^ one ^ promlSmg adherence to a nob ^ P ^' ^^^ ^ its ^ rp S ^ ni ^ &lf more Vm ^ * h « much preaching .
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FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE , ~" ( Concludedfrom tU Secondp&gc . ) Atjstrus AtRociiT . —I liave to add to the list oi executions which have taken place in Presbw under the auspices of the butcher of Brescia , Ilavnau , one which exceeds in atrocity any of the preceding , and which has created a far more powerful sensation among the people . An Evangelical clergyman , named Razga , whose eloquence as a preacnei has long procured him overflowing congregations , has been seized , tried by court-martial , and sentenced to be hanged for addressing seditious language to toe people . The execution of Razsra took ______
place at four o ' clock on the morning of June 18 th , m the Castle . The excitement of tbo people may be measured by the precautions adopted by the authorities . All the streets leading to the Castle were strongly occupied by military ; the cannon on the bastions were loaded , with lit matches at hand . So disturbance took place . It is expected that ttie retaliation menaced by Kossuth against Austrian prisoners will now be put in execution . The Austrian government inPresburg is become one of terror . Up greater service could be done to the cruise of th ' e Magyars . Kazga , although young , was the father of five children . He met his death with
great firmness , delivering' a speech in defence of his conduct , and ended with . "God bless the Fatherland . " Public Teelixg is Bohemia . — Several arrests have taken place at Prague , where the temper of the populace still remains threatening . Their loyalty is not likely to be freshened by n new lory of recruits which has just been decreed for Bohemia . Xo less than 10 , 000 Czechs are , in this , instance , to be taken from their native country and employed against the Hungarians , vrith -whom they sympathise . Experience has shown that the Imperialist levies are the most efficient means to recruit the Hungarian Honved regiments . TRIALS OF THE DEMOCRATS BT COUKTS-JIAKHAL
Berun , Jtj . se 23 . —The court-martial held to-day its first sitting to try the the democratic prisoners arrested in Stay . The state prosecutor , Schlitte , has laid the sentences at two years' fortress-imprisonment for Div Gehrte , nine months for Waldeck , Schoneman , and some others , and six months for the rest . The rcferendarius , Meyer / is at this mo-, ment making his speech in defence . The verdict is expected this evening . Kb hope is entertained of acquittal . A popular journal , the' Urwahlcr , ' has been suppressed . 2 SIR 1 SCE OF 5 PEE PKBSSIA 3 S& 1 XTO MANNHEIM -XXD
HEIDELBERG ; After the Prince of Prussia had defeated tfee patriots on the 22 nd inst ., near Wagbausel , the troops under General von dev Grobcn crossed the decker , near Ladcuburg and Mannheim , and in tte course of the night took possession of tfcclattoc , without opposition , a counter-revolution having ferolien out in favour of the Prussians , and the pafcSots having retired from "the town , in order , it t ^ as said , to march against the corps of General v-oa-Hirschfcld . It appears that = tlie second rcgwnemVof dragoons refused to obey the orders of Mieroslawski , and that the second call for recruits * on his : pRrt has caused much , dissatisfaction . HciSelbcrg "was also taken witfrest opposition by Gcs&al ' v ' on'Schack . Ontho foUtsdngday ( the 23 i-d )« he Prussian troops quarter-ed iuKaikrthal mav&cd also "Eito Marulieim ¦ bst , after-afew hours * vest , they 3 eft in pursuit 'df tire enemy , who , by tbs latest accounts , was iuthe «? cinity of 3 feckarsterp . ach .
The awaed patriots of Rhenbh Bavaria have joined , those of Badtm , pursuant to the plan of ilieroslawski . By ths capture > of nirseuhoro , -the Prussians gained peesession -of six pieces of . Tl'tillory . It is not exadSly -known where Geneva ! von Ilirsehftsd has pitched his heed-quarters , but probably at 'Wiesloch . The corps under Genersil vou dor * Groben met pith a determined resistance at Ladenburg , but they succeeded in getting possession of the town , though not at first of the bridge , which was strongly barricae ' ed and defended-on tiie side-opposite to * "iader . burg by seven pieces of artillery . " The Eoxfc day , 'however , the . patriots threatened by the advance < of Prussian and Bavarian troops in all directions , abandoned the bridge , over which , shortly afterwards , the ateussians crossed to lleidelberg . the garrison of which had
previously withiirawn . ( The Prince-of Prussia has issued the following preclamation > - " As the insurgents in'the grand dushy of JJadan continue-to org < inise an-armed resistance to the troops assembled on the -frontiers for the pTirpoes of restoring the legitimate -government , aud ' as they have already opposed them in battle , I hereby declare , as commander-in-chief of the Prussian-army sent-fcr tlie above . purposes to Baden , tliat-tue entiregraud duchy is placed under martial law . Accordintflv , all personsi'in . the grand duchy of Badsn endangering or injuring , by tra itorous proceedings , the--troops under my . command , are nmainblo to ~ the military -tribunals . - The respective coirmanders of the army covps are empowered to take the necessary step ? , -anil to confirm the sentences of-death . "
The Prussians have -also taken possession of Bruchsai . -The journals favourable toithe insurrection depict in g lowing terms the ardour of the republicans , and their readiness to m&ks . all kinds of sacrifices for the cause . The French , government received the following telegraphic despatch from Stiasburgh : —' "Carlsnihe was occupied on Monday by the Prussians . Two 15 a en regioont' passed over to their side . The i nsargents are conrentraticg themselves at < Rastadr .. The Provisional govcrnm ^ . t withdrew las : Jiight from Offsuburgli'to Friburg h- . * WAR 1 X : EUXGA 11 Y . A letter-of the 13 th inst ., from Craoair , in the Snslau , Gazette , mentions , an affair between tlie vanguard of the Magyars and ^ thc Russians within the f hl ' wiau fi-ostiei' at Jordanow . The llussinn Col . ilegden \? ns killed . SOOcGossacks were ceI off and talcen prisoners . .. „ ... „
Another = k-tter of the flStli mst ., from * Cracow , mentions , -as a report , an . engagement in « be Eng pass , between the advanced gu ard of the i-Kussians and P . em . She Russians , siumbenng 6 , 000 , were beaten . ¦ ' _ _ ^ Ivepobtes Defeat or t 2 !? E Bussuxs . —» vn : xx . \ , Iuse 1 C- —Tlra fa-cat newdris a tvemendouG < sncounter vfith the Jluncarians . % hc Austrians and lhiss' -ms are s ? id to liavc b eer , completely de » e ? . ted , an < l to have left-sn the field the fabulous nuailcr of 3 000 killed . This battie < tcok place on tlie 13 th , 14 th , : > nd Will in the large i > lsin between Eatband Tv"iselbur- ^ . Jt lasted sixb ? ribur hours . The- loss ofthe ] tfa « yarsis stated at-S . OUO . The Austnans were coinnianiisd by Ilaynaq , the Russians by Rii-. diser , and tiie Hungarians by . -Seorgey . Another ir iScr , which must not be coniGuntted . with the above , and which Aras referred to in . our Vienna letter g i-. x-n on "Wednesday , is mentioired in 'otters from Presburs as liaviD * -oecurrcd at Caorsa .
. » bM » a < le ' wiic sent by SclUws trom Oeuen&urg , ar'k-r ° General ; "VYyss , in thai d irection . General W-vss was taken . prisoner , and iho Uhlan Colons ! , 3 J" --on Z »« iser Jailed . Seblick saat out this bngacc tacoverhisrivht £ wkas he wae-njarchingto 1 U& . It was beaten ~ on the 13 t h isist « at . Some reports represents this whole - briimde :: s Laving been des trov- 'd others say that -1 , 000 men have deserted , en sw . from SchUcJi to the Jlegrnis . Wli .-it is certain , carts of wounded for three fdays have iioen cmitiaaallv pouring iato Presburg ; uid the places
about . YlESau , Jcxe 17 . —Tic news of the -great battle l > y Itatb is not confinnc-d . On tho otliea- hand , the defeat of the Wyss brigade is estabHsied beyond doubt , together with alf ' the details given jesterday . This ferere blow to the Austrians is the consequence of their infatuated supposition that the Hungarian people are really on their-eide , and desire a restoration of ths old slate of things . The disaster of Wyss arose from his trusting small detachments among a hostile population . There is no other HunsSrian news worth relataag . particulars are taken
Tlfe follow ^!? interesting from a Breslau paper :- '' The cause of the unwonted . de'ay in commencing operatioJis js to be sought tor ia the remarkable circumstance that the plan of operation as agreed upon in common by the ltussian ak Austrian general oScers has been betrayed if the Mncrvars , wliic-J ) is visible by tbs peculiar distnbution c of their foi-ces . Uow this treachery was accomplished is still a secret , but there is an inevitable cccessity for drawing vp a new plan for the campaign ; and this , too , is connected with great difficulties , because already in the nrst plan all natural chances were taken into account , and now in drawinn-uptae second these advantages must not be sacrificed , and although the fundamental idea of tK * . now nlan must be entirely changed , the object
to be attained must be otherwise followed up . Ihe Poles taken prisoners , who were brought to headquarters , are to be handed over to Bussia , m order to be sent to Siberia . This was one of the principal conditions insisted on by the Russians when thenintervention was required . . The South Sdavoidaa Gazette contains a horrible account of the sack and carnage on the entrance ot the Croats into Ucusatz . This important and popuous city of the Servians has suffered bombaroment W » m the Magyar garrison of Peterwardein , wh-Ie hr > most abominable atrocities have been exercised ™ iinst the population by the savage hordes under BacS : piunder , cruelty , lust ? noted without control throu"h the streets for several days m sucees = ion Ifcusatz was entered by the Ban on the
TheAIa <» var 3 seem determined to holdRaab at all cost It m garrisoned by 10 , 000 men with forty cannon . Tfie theatre on the promenade is entrenched , as well as the Vienna gate and . the corn magazine hard by . There is a drawbridge thrown across the moat . Of the main corps of the Magyars part is between Bruckcl and Hochstrass , under Poltenbcrg , and part at Gongo and Comora , under Klapka . Kossuth was for some days m Ifciab , which is the birth-place of his wife , and harangued tiie people . General Sass began operations from Pt&Jaoatto tftih aw ! wgrphed agnJDsfc Opines .
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After ' his defeat « -it JIacz , Perczel retreated to Theresiopcl . The l ' fiise states that the corpse of Gen . Wyss , whose brigade was annihilated by the Hungarians near Czorna , has been found . Letters from Uruck of the 17 th inst . in the 'Kolner Zeitung' state that the Hungarians are concentrating large masses of their troops in the vicinity of Oedenourg , whence it is feared they will make an attack upon Vienna . A corps of Russians has consequently marched from Brack to Oedcuburg , and preparations have been made to destroy tlie railroad from Oedenbiirg to Xcustadt , and thence to Vienna , to prevent the approach of the Hungarians ' , incase tliev should succeed in defeating the
combined Imperialist ; forces at Oedenburg . 1 ho Hungarians have meanwhile taken possession of Altenbiirg . They occupy the whole territory between the ' Danube and the Xcuriedcl Lake and TViedberg . Our last advices confirm the annihilation of the corps of General AVyss ; and it appears , from the statements of the Kolner Zeitung , that the operations of General Schlick have been attended with equally unsatisfactory results . Field-Marshnl Haynau , intending to make up for the small defeats which the Austrians had suffered on tlie island of Shuts on the 6 th , 7 th , and 9 th inst ., marched on the 12 lha strong corns to Vaika , and advanced on tho
13 th on the banks of the Danube , - while General Sehlick had been ordered to cross the Danube to occupy Wieselbcrg , and to subdue the city of Raab . General Schlick was preparing to obey those orders , when he found himself suddenly surrounded by a superior number of Hungarians , who attacked him with great violence , and took fourteen field-pieces , besides forcing him , on the 15 th , to recross tho Danube , and to retire to the vicinity of Altenburg . Above 500 men of General Sehlick ' s corps , most of them natives of Galicia , deserted to tho Hungarians . Field-Marshal Haynau , fiuding himself unsupported by Sehlick ' s corps , regained his former position .
Galicia . —2 fcws from Cracow to the 16 th . — the son of Dcmbinski has been arrested , at the order of the Imperial cabinet . He is to bo a hostage , and Russia caused the step to be taken .
POLAND . Warsaw . —The Czar intends to take up his residence at Warsaw , where the coys ilyAwiatiquc have already arrived from St . Petersburg . The Prussian envoy has gone there for the purpose of conveying the assent of the Prussian court to a new policy relative to Poland ; for t-feere is no longer a doubt that the Polish niovemant which is on the eve of breaking out will cofifflience in the Prussian provinces of Posen . The report spread throughout the gr . tnd duchy that that ajrovince will be soon occupied by the Russians appears to have . been invented Tor the purpose of misleading the peasantry , who are already in agr afc state of excitement , in which tho Polish nobilifiy and clergy uphold them .
CANADA . ; Mo > jtseal , June 7 .- —Tho greatest excitement has prevailed throughout the city for the nast two days , in regard to ths tons assumed by the liiJgiish papi'i'S relative to Canadian affairs . With tlie issue of the city papers this morning , containing Mi details , the excuement was intense . Tne party in favour of annexation calls more loudly than ever , and the greatest -indignation and disgust prevails among the ultra- 'Loyalista . Appearances ifi fee lower provides seem to justify the supposition that no appeal to-srsis will be made just yet . The principal tnen of the Tory avty desire that tbs result ef'&e mission of Sir Ailan M'A ab shoald be known before ulterior measu * es be resorted to . lc is found , however , exceedingly'difficult t-j calu 3 the longer orcfei's . The news will hurry on the National Convention .
Were his Excellency to upp ar in this city , so frightfel ere the threats uttered against him , that it 13 feared he would be murdered . Should tws feeling noS ' -subsidi , he may not = fee safe even at Monklauds . It is-in-vain , however , to . predict what au hour may briug forth .
UNITED SPATES . Tlicwar between Austria md tlie Hungarian has excited-deep interest among the Hungarians , Poles , and thdr descendants in tins - country , so much so thaf . petiil ns are uow-iivprsgress of > ign&turc praying the government of the -. United Statvs'to recognise the' " -iEdependence of '^ Hungary , " as a separate intion . tit is not prob » ble , however , that President Tayier-and his Cabinet wiiiact hastily in the matter . In the meanwhile two great meetings heve beci ^ hsld oirthe-subject , nnfi in-New Yor ' -i and tha other in Philadelphia . I send you brief reports of both , as the proceedings are ^ -alculeted to interest li uropoan readers .
The meeting at New . York was k'Ul in the large room of the bbakespeare Hotel , of til ' . Hungarians and ether Germans o' -tlii ^ city , for the purpose of sending a deputation to Hungary with a fl'ig , as a token , of adtniratics : of shat nation's valour , ami devoted love ol'liberty : also , to take into consideration the-bast mode of -aiding them in * their btrugcle against despotism . Tks chairman read an address f o Kcssuth , to accoreipanv the flair , in tks German language . The Ha ? , which isiapreparation , is to havca ; lvkenesscf Kos-uth on cnesidc , and of--Wiisliington on the . other , with tlio -. inscription' "JLitierty , glory , independence . " I ? i * to be a trieokur Wgreen , red , an Mvhite . A ^ ommitt ee was-appomted to draw up resolutions ! or the intended meeting .
The Philadelphia meating was very numerously attended , and the proceedings were of a moje decided character thau tbos&ofithe meeting in New Yi-rk . The . following resolutious were -adopted . unanitnovsly : — " Whereas , it ha&alwfiys uniformly ' oeen the practice of the Americaujjenpie to hold meetings of ¦ svmputhy wish all people who havu been .-strug-ling fbitho r . iiTrtnceineut of iifpiiblican prJncjKJes , - mid "Whereas , we recognise she desire of 1-burty . as one of-the first impulses cf the human heart , . ami ih ; iti > s alone is worthy-of the rich boon who has the courasc to defend it ^ . a » d , " V // iere « as , we recegnise in tlie preseat struggle of the Italian people eartu's nob ' -est spectacle , r .-an contending against tyran&yestablishcd-fc-y the custom of ages ; thetefore
, " Resolved , 1 : 'fhstascreemen , enjoying tLs 5 nestiinaiils blessingoffresiirst .-tntions . iPiirchased by the pjii ; ictism of our fathers , we cannot . do less than extend ' . the sympathies « f our natures to oar suffering bieliircn of Italy , and detest with all . the feelings of generous hearts the usurping cruelty sfithe French government . " Resolved , 2 : That , ev : ery generous . American should estend the liati < i cf . brotlierly kindness to any poriion of God ' s people straggling for the - . vaiuaUte rights of R 3 £ ! l . " llesolveil , 3 : That a oomniittee of five he appointed to confer with cojonittlccs from ( the ; - ditricts of tae . ciiy and cou :: ty of PiiiiadeJphia , fov the purposes of-Eioving , at an esrj-f day , a mtus nieetinj , of the citizens b \ lidcpeniieiice-sqiiare . "
Rev . J . L . JJarrows , J . S . 3 'leicher , A . G .. : Rankin , and O . Cernmn . n , made . ahJe addresses , and on motion , the assemblage adj ' .-urued , to meetou Thursday night . It is contemplated to hold a " mass meetirg , m ihe Park , New York ; and I ob crye that a New "York journal retomniends Ihe establishment of an association , to be calli-d the " Society of Human Fceed ' .-m / ' the object- of which would be to promote human freedom in nil nations , so iar as may be compatible with nations ! treaties .
Titat dreadful scourge , the Asiatic cholera , continues its ravages wilji increased mortality . At St . Louis the deaths are fram 100 to 200 per week . At New Orleans as many . At Cincinnati , rather fewer , but still numerous ; and so ill nearly all the western towns at , d cities . It is fearfully destructive alon * the lower Mississippi and among the plantations and also amoas the emigrants to California . In Texas til- , re are several towns in universal mourning ; some p laces having lost more than half their inhabitants within a f- 'V days . General Worth died of the ppstilence in Texas , ami General Galues , 'senior officer in the United Siates army has since become a . victim , after an hour ' s illness , in New Orleans . Several of
the leading railway lines cairy choLra medicine , to administer to any passengers that might be attacked with cholera This c ty , I am happy to say , lias , thus far , been visited very lighily , and the public auihorities are taking every neces ? ary precaution . New York ha 3 suffered severely . The case * in that city , last , week , were 242 ; deaths 00 . The latter varv from ten to twenty per day . Boston , Brooklyn , Albany , and Buffalo , have been lightly affected as yet ; hut we fear an increase all over the couatfy , with the excessive heats of summer . The Virginia Legislature have removed precipitately from Richmond to Fanquier Springs , in consequence ol the prevalence of cholera in that city . The late President , Mr . Polk , is dangerously ill of the cholera at
tfasimlle
INDIA . The express from Agra has brought information , that Atoolraj is to be tried at Lahore by commission , consisting of Mr . C . J . Mansel , Mr . R . ^ Monto-omery . and Brigadier Godby . No fewer than three hundred witnesses are , it is said , on the roll for examination , and if the evidence of all be : taken , tho trial will be protracted to a length' seldom witnessed in this country , and which will find its only parallel in the proceedings against some of the " traitors in rcland . " Judging from the feeling displayed against Moolraj , I think it is very probable he will be hanged , if found guilty .
CHINA . CANTON . —After the April expedition of 1847 , a treaty was entered into between the two ' governments , ratified and interchanged , by which , at he fixed period of two years from the 6 th of April , the city Of Canton was to be open to British subjects , [ lie time has arrived for carry ing out the treaty , but the Emperor has declined doing so . Acu , tiie viceroy pf Canton , has publi bed ' the follo wing document : —
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" At twelve o ' clock on the 8 th of this month I respectfully received from the Great Emperor the f-lowing expression of his will regarding the matter which I had repi esented to him by a special express —thaty . urnation , namely , was deliberating about enlerinjj the city :--"' Cities a : e erected to protect the people ; it is by protecting the people toat the kingdom is preserved . Tiiafc to which the hearts of the people incline is that on which the decree of Heaven rests . "' Now , the people of Kwang-tung are unanimous and de ermin ' ed that they will not hare foreigners enter the city- how can Ipo 3 t up everywhere my Imperial order , and force an opposite course upon the pjople ? The Chinese government cannot no against the people in ei-der to comply with the wishes of raen from !) far . Foreign governments also ought to examine the
feelings of the people , and to allo * free course to the energies of the merchants . Yo \ l must rigorously repress the native banditti , and not allow them to take advantage of the opportunity , to create disturbances and trouble among my pe » ple . The foreign merchan t s come from afar over the great ocean , all to dwell in peace , and be happy in pursuing their business ; you ought also to extend the same protection to them , sn shall tho blessing of harmony be perpetual and abundant , and all will enjoy a perfect tranquillity . lles ; .: eet this . ' "You will perceive that the language which I used at the late Conference with your Excellency did not spring from an obstinate adherence to my own views . Tij e Imperial pleasure which I have received from afar does not differ from this determination of the public—a necessary communication . "
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THE MINERS ; OP THE NORTH . DumiAM . —At tho . dolopto mooting of tho Miners of Northumberland and Durham , held at the Greyhound Inn , Chiy Path , " Durham , on Saturday , June 23 rd j _ the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That a- district public meeting of the Miners in tlie Wear Collieries take place on Pittington Hill , on Saturday , Juno 30 th ; chair taken at three o ' clock in the afternoon , " " That a district public mooting of the Miners of the Auckland , district be hcl « . l on the Batts , Bishop Auckland , on Saturday , Juno 30 th ; chair taken at two o ' clock . " " That a ' district public meeting fake ' place on Saturday , Junc 30 tb , at the Avenue Head , Soaton Deleval ; chair taken at five o ' clock .
" That-tho chairman , M . ¦ Jude , write to Mr . Barrattj secretary of tho United Trades , for thirty copies of the rules of that Association . " ¦ '" That Thomas Bell and William Dawson be the lecturers fov the T « ne collieries for the ensuing fortnight ; and that fcmbleton , Stoves Wilson , and Hardy lecture for the same period ia the" Wear and Tees collieries . " It having been stated that the tswners of Byer ' s Green Colliery had ejected from their houses about
thirty men , who would not siga the iniquitous document—the " new bond "—which conditions that any man entering the union shall lesc his employment , it was reso&vod , " Th . it oaeh delegate use his utmost exertions 'to get them propcr . suppoi'fc ; and that the thanks of the delegates ai-e duo to the Cowper miners € or the advance of £ 1 10 s . for that purpose ; and it is hoped other collicri « s will imitate so praiseworthy tin example . " "That a delegate meeting be hold on Saturday , July 7 th , at Thomas Greener ' s , signo'f the Cock , Newcastle . Chair taken at eleven o ' clock a . m . " M . Jude , Ch aii'iaan .
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_ . « osSn- : Mazzisi , tiir Roman Triumvir . —Wo give the following interesting account of one of the most 'remarkable mea of our times , from the Inverness Advertiser : —¦ " In the mingled moderation and dignity—the high and unswerving resolution which have characterised the councils and proceedingsand in the eloquence !« id cogency of . argument and statement , \ rfiich have marked tJie manifestoes and other formal documents of the lloaian Triainviratc , mny bo traced the hand , and the presiding genius of thu * Triumvir , Joseph Mazzini , who is unquestionably the ' man of -the crisis , a ? id a greater Ol a worthier fiian whom old Home never produced in her hours of peril . This gentleman is the same whose correspondence was so basely tampered with
some years ago , by Sir James Graham—when , m forgetfulness alike of his chav . 'ietoi of a British minister , iwid tho honour of an English gentleman , ho stooped"to become the instvuiccntof ; the vile cspionnge of Austriii-and the Pope • ; ami -thus added a new ( fcacriptivoiphfase to the English htagjiage , not likely-soon to die out , the ' © rahaining of letters . ' Duri ngmfiny years of exile , Mf . M .- ! s » : ini was a vosident ' -in tlieBrh . ish mctroptflta , eivjoyin ^ thu respect ami -esteem of all who kuowhim , aad supporting himself by his'esntwbutionsiioiliD Je . 'iding' periods cab-Riul journals . By his dmkstry f . nd ability ho not only ' earned an honourable independence , but was hdpful to-many of his iloss fortunate count-pynien : ; and the : uuwuaricd zeiil ; and -labour iviiich lie
evinced in behalf of the schools cshibHshcd for ' . the ' benefit of tho-erowd of outcast Italian = boya brought over to-London will not soon be forgotten . 'Ver-y shortly before he was summoned from these peaceful-anil beneficent labours ,-to play so distinguished a ; part in the great di-ama-of iltalian affairs , ho . contributed a scl'ics of papers , -still remembered fov . thai ? singnlar-gowei' and justness of view , to Zotv&s , Edinburgh Mazarine ( then under tho management of tho prescnt " writcr ) , under ti title of The Pope anil « theItalian Question . ' It-is intovosfeing now to . look back upon them , and note tho accuracy with : which all his lending predictions have been verified ; If-only permitted to work out his plans much miglifci be hoped for-the future-ofltomc" ; Tik : Tb-vMours liiti ,. —A nuraevous jffiooting of , factory operatives was hold in Manchester on 'J ' uos-i day , evening , - -for the purpose of " taking . icto cousi- - deration tlie . best means of maintainuig the Ten Hours Act , and < "lso of patting an end ; to -. violations !
of its provisions by masters-who . "u-e working by relays or shifts . " Mr . 'Pear , Mr . Charles . Beu-on , Mr , Philip Knight . and other : fuctory workcrs . ' . took part in the proceedings , and earnestly pressed the mooting toainite with " the factory hands genemiiy in an agitation for preventing- , the c . 'HTyii . 'g-onof . tliC relay or shift system . A resolution , protesting . against tho system , as a manifest \/ iol , itionofthc'lenHours Act , iind as calculated "to , placc tho adult factory Hands . in the most deplorable condition , us . they may be . compelled to wei'k any . nustiber of boui's » fch : tfc the violators of the Ten Hours Act may think prepcr , " ftvns carried unaniinously , as -were other resolutions , ^ lodging tho meeting . to maiutain and protect the Tcnllours Act from nil attempts now being made te violate it , " and ttiso tocontributc tho necessary pecuniary assistance for Us due protection . " Tho feeJing among the . factory luiods against tlie islny sysiem is bceoming Etvongoi' ovoi'y day ia all parts of-the district .
RESISTANCE TO OPriKifcSIOK A SACKED Dui-X . —To rosi . sS wron ^ r , -even though it be elothcd with n lie , calling itself " huv" or " ordeiy' is the univei-Eal rig ht and duty of Immanicy ; even to oppose evil is the part of every right thinking man . if an ' enemy invades our country shall we not take arms i » its defence f If tiioy conquer ami hold us in bondage foi" a thousand years or more , drtfch fliis ^ 'ivo tiiem a rislit to govern us ? If then , and neb till then , we acquire strength to repel their aggression , shall wo be debarred from using- that strtihgLh to recover our freedom , because formerly wo were weak and unalilc to resist usurpation . Or if from unknown times we have boon enslaved , and our masters arc of our- own race , is this a reason for the continuance of slavery ? Doth evil become good through long sunromacv ? When the o ppressors are wrestling
with their . oppressors , he , who succoureth thorn not to the utmost of his ability , is a participator in tho crime of the tyrant . Cowjjlssoby Pre-Paymekt of Letters by Stamps —The announcement that tho I'ostmastor-ScncriU had determined to close the provincial town receiving-houses against letters prc-puid b y money , is most unpoi't-nnt , as exhibiting the policy of the Post-Office authorities to gradually compel the public to use stamps in order to diminish the labour of their officials , and thus save tho national expenditure . Ail late letter fees , the postage on all letters sent by midday , must , even now , " uo pro-paid by stamps , and in a few days every one of the hundreds of town receiving-houses in the kingdom will refuse all letters , even those lor foreign parts , unless they arc pre-paid by stamps .
The Ouoi's . —Frum aU parts , East , West , North , and South , tiie rffpoi'ts concerning the crops of Great Britain and Ireland are most favourable . Tho rumours of potato blight in Ireland have ceased to prevail , ' and each day tho accounts abate nothing of theirtjoyful , but cautious tone . Similar good news comes generally from the Western countries of Europe—from France , Belgium , and Western Germany ; but from Southern Russia there are accounts of groat famine . ' and of an apparent failure , even thascaviy , of the cereal crops . ' . " "' . ' Saw You ever such a Saw?—A wag sawhv with a saw that was not the sharpest in the world ! after trying vainly to saw with it , broke out at last as follows :- — " Of all the saws that I ever saw saw , I never saw a saw saw as that saw saws . "
A Gentleman . —There have been many definitions of a gentleman , but the prettiest and most poeticis that given by a girl in Ke \ y York . " " A gentleman , " said she , " is a human being combinin " a -woman ' s tenderness with a man ' s courage . " Elihu Buvritt , the American "Peace" advocate , is understood to be in pecuniary difficulties , caused by the small ' sale of the numerous works in which he is interested . [ Elihu is a canting dodger . H he is not lazy , let him go work at the ' anvil . We are heartily glad to hear that the pnblic are too sensible to purchase his printed trash . The Duke of Norfolk ' s famous speech about curry powder has almost been equalled by an oration delivered at the Fermoy board of guardians , in which a noble earl said that tho workhouse was much too comfortable . The Dublin Fost recommends his lordship to try the experiment of living on twopence and a half-farthing a d < ay .
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MONDAY , June 25 . HOUSE OP I . ORDS .-Diplomatic Rhl . vuoxs with Spain . —Tiie Earl of Abkudekn I'tou .-i-t the state of our diplomatic relations with Spain before the attention of the House . . It wn 3 now more than a year since the Spanish government , acting hi the sincere conviction ' that its existence was endangered by the policy of personality and hativd pursued towards it by . our Secretary for Foreign Affairs , dismissed with indignity the briti-h -Minister ;\ t Aiadrid —a step which was followed by Ih-M'osauion o- nil diplomatic intcrcou > sc between t'oe two countries . Since that time , however , fce believe' ) that the Spanish government had repeatedly exj : res > -ed its tiesire to make the most ample repMrationto Enghiul consistently with its honour , and he saw no reason , if that desire were met on oar sicio ia apvopur spirit , why a mutuiil good understanding sluukl not bs arrived at forthwith . There couid not be a doubi
that the existing Spanisli government hud shown that it hid both tlie power and the will to govern the country in peace and tranquillity duiingu period of the greatest revolutionary excitement , and it wns on the eve of amending its tariff on a principle which would admit our manufactures at much m- re moderate duties . than tlvse at present in force . Wi h these observations lie begged to ask the Marqivs of Lansdowne whether there was any prospect of a speedy renewal of our . diplomatic and friendly relations with the-Spant-li government .
The Marquis of Lansdowne vep ' ied I hat if the Earl of Aberdeen knew that the Spanish government had offered satisfactory teparation for their conduct towards the British Min'stcr at Madrid , all he ( the Marquis of Lansdowne ) could say was that to his knowledge no such offer had been made . He would flOt fiflter into the otltu- q uestions broacheii by the noble Earl , but would simply remark that ! lie concessions about to be made by the Sjiinish tariff wei-c the necessary consequence ofthespreadofthose more enlightened maxims ¦ if finance which were every Way becoming more widely extended in Bur . pe . Ami he trusted the same good sense which would be
perfectly consistent with their honour , would lead to ihe admission that they had been misled aiid mis-infovmed , as they no doubt were at the time , with respoct to the personal conduct of Sir 11 . Buhvt-r . No dishonour couid possibly attach to such a course mid if it were , pursued it would speedily be seen that there was no disposition on the part of the British government to exact anything more than the admission of their . having bten misinformed . The noble mai-quis dso , in some explanatory observations , detailing communications with the French government on the subject of the original intimation of sending the expedition to Rome , laid the several papers on the table .
Porti'atrick and Doxaguadke . — -The Marquis of Londonderry moved the spptiintnunt of a select committee—To inquire and examine into the expediency and advantage of removing the post-office packet station and communication between the south-west of Scotland and the north of Ireland ; and to ascertain the public grounds upon which the safe sea passage of eighteen miles be ween the harbours of Portpatrick and Donaghadee is to be now abandoned , and those harbour .- ! which have cost the Country nearly £ 400 , 000 consequently ruined , in order , for the sahc of a trifling saving , to substitute a long sea voyage of ninety miles from Greenock to Belfast , which is now the object proposed by her Majesty ' s government , and to report thereon to the house . After some general observations on tin : subject ,
the noble ni / irquis concluded by imploring their lordships to grant the inquiry . The poor inhabitants on both sides of tho channel had petitioned for a continuance of this means of communication , and he trusted a favourable answer would be returned to them , for the people naturally trusted much to her Majesty ' s great munificence anil liberality . Would the government hut advise her Majesty to visit Ireland , there would bs raised such a cry of joy from one end of the country to the oilier , that party feeing would bs entirely forgotten . The Earl of Cawdor moved the addition of the words , " and also to inquire into the reasons which led to the abandonment of the project of Post-office communication between Miltord Haven and y / aterford . "
The Earl of IIaddingtot , from what had taken iplsce on the subject whan be was First Lord of the Admiralty , thought it one ( it fov inquiry . The Marquis of CiAxiacARnis entered into a staleraient of the course which-had been pursued , and tlie official inquiries instituted on the subject . Tiie question had been thoroughly considered by the uffiii ccrs whose duty it was to « xumii < e into it ; and it wa , not for the purpose of saving a few thousand pounds-¦ but ' with a view to the public service , that these packet stations at Portpatrick and Donaghadce were iproposcd ; ti be abandoned . ThedSarl of ( . talt . owat thought suSu'umt reasons had been-scWuced to show that a preliminary inquiry
• was necessary . The Marquis of Londonderry , from the thinness of the House , thought .-lie should be defeated on a division , and would thevefore withdraw his -nv . tiou . Onthe-motion of Lord CAMi'BtLi ., the Encumbered Estates ( Ireland ) £ § ill was rc-committcd , pro forma , the nob'e and learned lord stating that oa the third'reading he should move an ainendnv .-ntrebAtivO to tho final and conclusive decision of tiie commissioners in-certain cause's . Earl-- Gr . EY laid a bill on the table to provide for the administration of jnetice in Vancouver ' s Island . On the . motion of the Marquis of Clasricuius the Grand Jury Cess ( Ireland ) Bill was read a third ¦ time . and > their lordships adjourned .
HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Mr . T . S . Di ; n-< C 0 MDE presented a porition praying for a measure for the regulation ol ' mines-ami collieries ; another .-pray-• ing for tke establishment of home colonies- ; { md ^ anothersComplaining of-the officers in the department , of the Woods and Forests . ConiEiiT Explosions . —Mr , Wrto wished U > ask ¦ the right lion , gentleman' . the Secretary of S ( . a £ e for the Home JJepartment , whether he had received any aificial intelligence respecting the colliery explosion at St . Helen ' s , Lancashire , last Saturday ; and a 2 so . when itwa « Lis intention . to lay on the table of the House the papers containing the government ' s course of nation . regarding the inspection of collieries ?
• Sir . G . Givey rcp ' . i » d that no official intelligence hai yet been received of the explosion in " question . ; and was-understood to say that the papers alluded to were in tho Mouse , and would be laid on the table . ' 1 &a « spopi e&tioni ? ob . Tkk £ soij Bill . —The order of the day for the third reading of this bill having been read , Mr- Napier , on the ground th-tt the bill was either totally unnecessary , or totally unconstitutional , moved that it be read a third time that day three * months . Mr . Spoonkk seconded the nsotion , and conten '' c < l that it was an infraction of the constitution to pass an ex post facto \ bm , the effect of which would be to aggravate , aad not to mitigate , the punish merit . At any rate , the bill was an inroad on tho constant ism , its object being to remove the doubts of pcrs . ns who should have been still left in a r-tate of doubting-.
Colonel Kay 7 {! 0 » 1-ore testimony to the upright conduct of Mr . W . S . O'Brien in ' . ha ' . House , and called attention tn the fact that , si : ; ycr . rj ago . th-. u person had muvod Tor a committee on the > lato (;! Ireland , which v , ms supported by nil the incj :: bers oi the present government . Vv'hilc all the grievances under which Iivland then labouicd , the 0 ' .-liege of Maynooth exeppted , stiJl remained unredn-ssed , lie tlioiiglit that these circunistances oimht to be taken into consideration iu . legislating in thi 3 case . Sir G . Gust denied that the bill would enable the government to aggravate , and not mitigate the punishment . Let tlie House . say whether or not imprisonment for life , as a condemned feion , was not a severer punishment than transportation . [ Impartiality oi ? the Press . —The following is the "limes" EoporfcofMr . O'OojfivoB ' s repl y to Sir Geohgio Ghey : —<
Mr . F . O Con : ; or said , that when they considered how hastily the bill had passed tho other Hou ? e , and how hastily it had been discussed in that House , whilst those persons who had had the subject under their patient consideration entertained a doubt upon it , he thought it would be but fair for tho House maturely to consider it before they gave their sanction to this bill .
The following is from our own Reporter : ]—Mr . O'Connor said , as ho had before stated , he had refrained from talcing any part in the debate , lest a single word falling from Mm might injure the case of those gentlemen who had been so ably defended by tlie hou . and learned member for the University of Dublin . He had listeued very attentively to the respective quibbles of , tho several professional gentlemen who liad taken a prominent part in the debate ; but he was not armed with any legal grounds for opposing the measure , however strong the constitutional grounds were , until he heard the astounding admission
of the right hon . Secretary for the Home Department , who had just addressed the House . ( Hear , hear . ) Now , what were the arguments of that right lion , gentleman ? Why , he admitted that , while the legal lords in another place , and . the Attorney-General in that House , had . assented to iis provisions hastily , upon tho ground of mercy , and while those judicial functionaries and the Attorncy-Gene " - ral had no doubt as to the power of the Crown to substitute transportation for death , without any such enactment , that , nevertheless , the Bill was considered necessary iu consequence of tho grave doubts entertained bv the Irish law advisers of the Queen ' s repre-
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sentative . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , then , what was the legitimate infereiice to be drawn from such t \ n admission ? Was it not that the professional gentlemen engaged in this case from its commencement , and possessing the best moans of applying the law as it stood , did see a doubt , and that the very preamble of this ' ill admitted the doubt —( hear ,-hear )—while tho law lords and Attorney-General saw no dviibt . Then where the necessity for the bill at all ? or why sot off the squinting and hasty view taken by tho judicial lords and the Attornoy-ticuei-a . 1 , against the grave consideration of > those legal functionaries '" who have had tho management of the case from its
commencement , and who must have deeply and ; maturely considered- it -with , reference to tlie existing state of the law as vegavds the royal prerogative ? ( Hear , hear . ) He quite agreed with the hon . member for Warwickshire ( Mr . Spooner ) as to the imprudent , and , ho would add , injudicious coiu'so pursued by the Irish members in the debate . ( Hear , hear . ) It had merged into-a perfect Irish row , all thought of those who were most concerned being lost in a bit of vanity or selfish feeling . ( Hoar , hear . ) He had before expressed his opinion as to the prudence of leaving the matter in the hands of the able and consistent
member for the University , who had Iiild the management of the case from the commencement , and again he said , that any attempt to tsilce it out of his hands would but . injure his clients . ( Hoar , hear . ) Ho had heard various opinions expressed by professional gentlemen , who took a part in the debate ; all were equally confident as to the soundness of their views , while it was quite certain that though all boasted of great professional knowledge ,- some
had but a very limited practical experience . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) Hg had his own opinions with regard to tho legal question , but he had abstained from stating them for the reasons before assigned , namely , lest he might injudiciously injure where he was anxious to serve . ( Hear , hear . ) However , he would conclude as ho commenced , by asserting that the right hon . gentleman ( Sir G . Grey ) had established the strongest possible grounds for rejecting this bill . - ( Hear , hoar . )
Mr . S . Crawford opposed the bill as dangerous to the constitution both in England and in Ireland , and urged that if there were any doubts in the case , they ought to be solved in favour of the prisoners . Mr . JlBVNOiDs contended that'those who opposed the bill , only desired that the parties to whom it referred might be confined within the realm during her Majesty ' s pleasure , or that some lesser punish merit micbt be inflicted on them . On a division the amendment was negatived by a majority of 132 , the numbers 27 to 159 , and the bill was read a third time , Mr . Axstey . moved an amendment to the effect that the prisoners should be confined during tho Queen ' s pleasure * or banished . After some observations from the Attorsey-GissEfiAL , Dr . Power , and Mi-. Dixon * , the amendment was negatived by a majority oi' 125 , the num . * bcrs 2 G to 141 . On the question that the bill do pass , .
Mi . Lawless recommended to the government tho expediency of pursuing a merciful course towards Mr . W . S . O'Brien . Lord J . Russell said , however much tho government mig ht have been tempted during the debates on this measure to have referred to the offences therein dealt with as of the highest order of guilt , nothing had fallen from them in aggravation , and . believing that if a lighter degree cf punishment than that contemplated , were to be imposed on Mr . W .. S . O'iiiic'i ) , the peace and safety of Ireland would fee endangered , it was his determination to persist in carrying out tho measure . MV . Axstey put in a last word iu favour of mercy and tlie bill passed .
Point KiaiEF ( Ikelaxd ) Eim .. —Tho House thon went for the second time into committee on tho Poor Koiief ( Ir eland ) Bill , and was occupied during the rest of the evening with the discussion of tbo first ( ov maximum ) clause , and aftev dividing upon an amendment proposed by Mr . Stafford , ' which wont to destroy the vitality of the clause , and which wis nogiiiived by 173 against 51 , tho Chairman , on the motion of Lord i . Hussell , reported progress , Jiiiil obtained leave to sit again at twelve o'clock on Tuesday . Mi-. " Uawes withdrew the Australian Colonies liiii ( which stood for second reading ) on account of an informality , and obtained leave to introduce another .
The Jovexilts OrFEXET . ns and Small Larcenies Biu . was read a second time , after objections made by Mr . Pearson and Mr . IIexley , tho consi' . loration . of which was deferred until the committee . On the order for the consideration of tlie report on the Clkrcy Reljj-. f Bill , Mr . Euotiikbton moved that tho House adjourn , which wtis agreed to at a quarter past one o'clock .
TUESDAY , Juxe 20 . HOUSE OF LORDS . —The . Royal assent wa given by commission to a great number of bills . Tnc Runotion of Birmingham Exemption from Rates Hiij / . —Lord Whautci-iI'Ti-: brought forward tlfis biJ ! . bnt after .-v short discussion it was rejected by a majority oftwonty-scven . Parliamentary Oaths Bill . —The Earl of Cari . islm moved the second reading of . this bill , and aftor roniarkiiuj' tlmfc it was not identical with thD measure rejected by the House lasfc session , pro « ceeded to state the grounds on which lie thought it , entitled to the favourable consideration of their lordships . The substance of his argument was that unless there were some grounds of overpowering
necessity to tiie contrary , nv no case ought civil disqualification to be attached to reli gious opinions , and in such a spirit all recent legislative enactments on reli g ious subjects had been framed , for the political disabilities of tho Roman Catholics and various classes of Dissenters had been successivel y abolished . The Jews , though admitted to municipal privileges , ¦ vycre tlie only religious community dcbarred ' of political rights ; but thei-c was not , as . fhu as ho could see , a single valid reason upon which they could be refused a seat in the House of Commons . The noble lord then combatted in detail the various objections against the measure , and concluded an eloquent speech b y moving that the l > ili ha read a second time .
The Earl-of Egli : ; ton admitted that the lapse of years and the extinction of families mijjiit have vendcral neucssary some alteration in the Parliamentary oaths , but the real object of this bill was to remove Juwisli disabilities , and enable Baron Rothschild to sit fov London . That constituency mttsfc liavo known that the person they elected iis thcii representative , however worthy in his private character aii'l ( lisiinguished by worldly position , was roaiiy ineligible , because he could no t ti ' . lie the oaths I'l'OSuribud jiy Parliament . This was therefore , a retrospective measure . But he objected to it chiefly on religious grounds . Tho Jews suffered no persecution in this country ; but the solemn duty oftboir lordships was not to permit those who did not believe in Christ to legislate for a Christian Church and nation . He moved that tho bill bo read a second time that day three months .
Tho Duke of Cleveland thouaiit after Quakers ' Moravians , and every class of Dissenters had been admitted to scats in Parliament , it would bo a great hardshi p and injustice to exclude Jews , being British-born subjects of her js-lajesty . Tho Archbishop of Oaxtesbuky believed the effect of tho bill would bo to lower the character and obligations of members of Parliament , by making it a matter of indifference whether they " belong ? to the Christian communion . The events which had occurred within the last year made it imperative on their lordships to reject this bill . England stood in a peculiar position—a monument of freedom and social order—ho did not hesitate to attribute her
pre-omiuqneo among the nations to her national Christianity , which would be grievously affronted by tho admission of Jeivs to seats in the Legislature . ¦* w The Archbishop of Dublin had always been a firm and unflinching advocate for the removal of all relig ious ( . Usabilities . It was inconsistent with the principles and repugnant to the genius of Christianity that civil disqualifications and penalties should bo imposed on those who did not conform to it . Parliamentary electors should be left to decide i ' or themselves the eli gibility of Jews to seats in Parliament ; their hands should be tied hy no restriction , which nothing but a strong public neces » sity could justify , and no such justification existed for the exclusion of the Jews . Their Lordships must either retrace their steps , and exclude from
omco all who did not belong to the Established Church , or they must in consistency consent to tho abrogation of this last restriction . : >¦ The Bishop of Exeter opposed tho billi'' In a republic every citizen had an equal right to all franchises , distinctions , and ' offices , but in a monarchy like ours , which rested on a distinct contract with the nation that the Soverei gn should / ' maintain , to the utmost the laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel , " no one had a constitutional right to any franchise or honour unless ho could serve the Crown in those particulars to which the monarch had pledged himself . A Jew Could not be a faithful counsellor to the Crown in maintaining the laws of God and the true profession of tho Gospel , and therefore he had no claim to the distinction now sought for him . The Earl of SnREffSBuJiY Supported the hill SO far as it contemplated the emancipation of the Jew , bu (;
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* Eallam's History = stsi Governments <« F Eravspe during the Middle Ages . " VoL-Snd ., pages § 21 aad SSi . ¦ iTIIIii .
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__ j ^ ^ i 849 . _____ _ THE NORTHERN STAR ,, 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 30, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1528/page/7/
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