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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th July 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 5, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      straws about the actual condition of the * people—except in so far as that might help to give colour to certain rival theories . Further : the state of the nation is not to he radically amended by any of these theories . There is more in Heaven and earth , than is dreamt of in the philosophy of either Protectionist or Freetrader . Morning sittings have been pretty rcmlar , for the purpose of disposing of business , before the members generally have taken " French leave , " and left it to some three score or so of Indefatigables aud Placemen . In this manner - ^ J . _ ^*« A * te . «* . Km ¦ i * J W ¦ ^ ^ A «* — -V

      mat much-talked about , but silly measurethe Maximum Kate for Ireland , has been carried through committee . Its effects on the permanent prosperity of the country , -will , we believe vritk Mr . Bright , be evil . "Whether the Encumbered Estates Bill -will emerge a working , er an emasculated measure—from the Lords—remains to be seen . If the latter , another Session has been thrown away -without doing anything of a permanent character for the sister country . An advance of 500 , 000 Z . to a particular railway , and a visit from the Quees , will compensate but slenderly for such afact .

      Untitled Article

      ; RECEIPTS OF THE RATIONAL LAHD OOMPANV . Fob the Week Exdutg Tudbsdat , Jclt 12 , 1349 . SHARES . JE s . d . £ s . a . Chepstow .. 2 4 0 IJlairgomie .. 0 13 0 ilmbyr , AYil- Crajford .. 111 4 liams .. 013 S T . Uodges .. . 0 2 ( i ^ Manchester .. 019 0 3 . Vigurs „ 9 3 G ^ Nottingham .. 17 3 J . Greenwood ..-- 02 0 Slcaford .. 0 3 0 J . Vigurs . - . - - 0 i-6 iiverpool .. 226 - _ : — Hull .. i 6 2 . . £ U 13 5 EXPENSE FUND . Nottingham .. 0 2 0 JosephKay .. 0 2 0 Sortrieh -.. 030 mackuurn .. 020 £ 090 MONIES BECEIVED FOR THE PURCHASE OF MATH 0 N . S . P ., Great 3 Ial- IV . G , per Mr . Tern .. 5 0 0 Silvester , Ilan-W . A ., Ditto .. 40 0 0 ley .. 20 0 0 G . B ., Shipley .. 40 0 0 V . S ., Lcaming-K . n ., 3 forfolk .. 20 0 0 ton .. 113 10 P . & , Learning- J . W ., Bristol .. 10 0 0 ton — 34 0 0 J . S ., Maschester 30 2 2 TV- Y ., Sheffield 10 0 0 — J . S ., 3 Iandiester 10 0 JE 19116 0 TOTALS . Land Fond ... ... ... ... li 13 5 Expense ditto ... ... ... 0 9 0 Bonus ditto — ... ... 10 0 0 Loan ditto ... ... ... 0 10 0 Transfers ... ... .. . ... 0 3 0 ilathon ... ... ... ... 101 16 0

      £ 217 J [ 0 _ 5 W . Bixos , C . Dotjue , """~~ " ~~" T . Ci ~\ itK , Cor . Sec . P . M'Gkatd , Fin . Sec .

      Untitled Article

      XATKXSTAL LAIO ) COMPANY . CONFERENCE OF DELEGATES . In consequence of the manifold obstructions interposed by prejudiced authority to the legalisation of the Company , the Directors have resolved to liolda conference at Snig ' s End , on Monday , August Gth , 1849 , to consider the whole question of the Company , with a "dew to its decisive and satisfactory settlement . The members are requested to attend particularly to the following rules for the election of Delegates . 1 . —That meetings of branches be held between Monday , the 10 th mstant , and

      Monday , the 23 rd , to nominate candidates . 2 . —That it shall be competent for each branch in a district to nominate as many candidates as there are delegates assigned to the district of which it forms part . 3 . —That branch secretaries shall send the . names of' ' their candidates to the district secretary by "Wednesday , the 25 th instant . Any nonsinationreceived after that day shall he considered null and void . 4 . —That ii shall be imperative upon every district secretary to notify to the several branch secretaries in Ms district , on or

      before Saturday , the 28 th instant , the names of ah" candidates received by him , according to rale 0 . 5 . — -That meetings of the branches shall be held on Mouday , the 30 th instant , to elect a delegate or delegates from the list of nominations supplied by the district secretary . C . —That the branch secretaries shall forward to the district secretary the result of the branch elections by Wednesday , August the 1 st , thus aflbrding time to the district secretary to appr ise the successful candidate of Ms election .

      7 . That in case a district secretary shall be a candidate , the district branch shall appoint a secretary to act pro tern ., in as far as the elections are concerned . * & _ Thai each branch shall take immediate steps to collect threepence from each member ^ "to defray the expense of the'delegation . The subscriptions to he sent withont delay to the district secretaries , who shall forward them , or a sufficient amount of them ; to the " successful candidate . a Branches noinainetl in the list helow shall " vote in that district the district town of -which is nearest to them .

      SmOamptim Distrkt-Wilhun Munday Silversireet , Secretaiy . -Pfitei-Lorou ^ h / ffellingbqrougb , KetfeHD " , Coventry , ' Warwick , Xeamington , Stoney Stratford , Newport Pagnel . . Won District - David Morrison , 2 ,. Bathstreet Secretary -Banbury , Minster , TOtaey O'CoWville , -Newbnry , Beading , Devizes , "Market Xavintfon , Salisbury , Oxford .. . ' ^ fStlJfiut ' kct-George Cavfll , 33 Qn ^ -sireet , Secretary .-Shcflield , Kotherham , Barnsley , Doncaster , TForsboro' Common . rftlWM » T * i > - JTottingTtam Mstricl-Juncs Sweet , G ° ^ fg ^' ton , Carrinston , New Radfonl , EastJMftrf . W « r Tho ^ \ Xewton 3

      BHert-^ : S ^ , street , Secretory . —© erly , ieicester , Belper , XougL-[ borou-h , Mount Sorrell , Bunowasn . _ Mmthmer District—William roster , Alice-str eet , e 'Devonshire-street , lluhne , Secretary . „ , v I- Salford J > Utrict— Thomas TomlinsoD , Cunrengrove , Pendleton , Secretary . —Salford , 2 sewton-I'ieath , Middleton , Eccles . u - Preston District—James Brown , Moor-lane , Secret tarv . — -Preston , Chorley , CHihero , Lancaster , "War-I xinwtfln , Birkcnbeaa , and Liverpool . P SoTton Dktricl—AVillinm Pickvanee , 18 , Donean-E street , Secretary . —Bolton , Bury , Hey wood , Kadfc cliff Bridge , Blackburn , Accrington , Uaslingden , iOswaldtwistle . £ Tdgnmeuth Dittriet—James Edwards , hat manu-Iftctorer , Secretary . —Teignmanth , Truro , Totness , fXewion Abbott , Exeter . , _ _ . , - mertm - P >*> M— Henry Land , R-ospect-place ,

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      Secretary .-Tiverton , Barnstaple , Bridgewatet , South Molton , Culluraptoa , Wellington , Taunton . Bristol Districtr-Ckarles Clark , St . George ' s , St . Philip ' s , Secretary . —Bath , Merthyr , Scwport , Abergavenny , Monmouth , Glocestcr'i Cirencester , Upton , Lowbands , Snig ' s End . Worcester District—James Harding , City Arras , Secretary . —Kidderminster , Stouvbridgo , Persbore ' Bromsgrove , JIalvern . Bradford ( York ) Bislrkt—iliehael Connell , Albionsquare , 3 tinchester-road , Secretary . —Idle , Otley Clayton , Bramhope , Keighloy . ' Hull District—George Bavnett , 177 , High-street , Secretary . —Leeds , Arniley , Selby , York , Scarborough . ^^^ ¦

      Newcastle District—Two members—Mr . Porest , Ruilway-terrace , Secretary . —Xewcastlo-wpon-Tyne , Windynook , Jforth and South Shields , Carlisle , Sunderland , Durham , Bishopswearmoutb , Easington Lane , Thornley , Cockermouth . Birmingham District—Charles Goodwin , 19 , Darwin-street , Secretary . —Birmingham , "Wolverhampton , Bilston , Walsall , Smethwiek . llanUy District— Mr . Silvester , Tontine-street Secretary . —Hanley , Longton , Burslem , Crewe , ( Jongleton , Stockport District—T . Woodhouse , 4 , Angelstreet , Secretary . —Stockport , Chester , Hyde , Macdesfield . - Ashto » District—James Taylor , Turner-lane , Secretary . —Ashton , Staleybridge , Mottram , Glossop , UuckinfieldJfosleyProylesBen .

      , , Burnley DiHnct-Hamy Smith Curron-streot , Secretary . —Burnley , Padiham , Colne , Bavvowfovd , Bacnp , Todinorden , Skipton , Hebden-bndge . Rochdale District--Edward Mitchell , o 5 , Cheetham-streeti Secretary . —Rwtotokj owham , Hollingwood . , _ , ,, " Falifax District-3 . S . Anderson , BlackledTC , Secretary . —Halifax , Elland , Sowcuby , AVakefield , Huddersfield , Dewsbuiy , Little Town , Holmfirth . Brirtton District' -George Giles , V ^ tom-street , Seeretai-y- —Bri « hton , Chatham , Maidstone , Tunbridge , Crayford , Isle of Wight , Portsmouth , Southampton , Gosport , Blandford . Ipswich District—Mr . Gerrard , NewsAgent , Secretary . —Braintree , Bury St . Edmunds , Colchester , Brightlingsea , Norwich , Wisbeach , Lynnj' Ely , Brandon . Yarmouth , Cambridge . J :

      SCOTLAND . Glasgow District—Duncan Sherrington , Bomford , street , Bridgeton , Secretary . —Greenoek , Alexandria , Kilmarnoek , Paisley , Campsca , Hamilton-Falkirk , Denny . Edinlurg District-Mi ' . Cumming , U , Duncanstreet , Secretary . —Georgie Hills , Aloa , Alva , Kirkaldy , Dundee , Perth , Aberdeen , Arbroath . Thomas Glark , Cor . Sec .

      Untitled Article

      RICHMOND . — Kiot axd Assault . —Samuel Martin , a pugilist ; James "Wilson , a licensed victualler at id , Paul-street , Finsbury ; and Thomas Ballard , were charged with having violently assaulted several of the messengers of the Court of Bankruptcy ; and a further charge was made against Philip Salter , a farm servant , for assaulting the police . —Mr . Jones said be represented the assignees of Mr . Hugh Swan , of Hanvray-street , Oxford-street , laccman , who became bankrupt in April last ; a fiat was issued accordingly , and trade assignees appointed , nnder whose direction a farm at Mortlake , belonging to the bankrupt , was seized , and two men placed in possession . On Monday a sale was announced , but bills had been posted , cautioning the public against buying , as the sale was illegal , and

      would be resisted . At tue hour of sale a fly and a . chaise-cart , laden with ruffians , armed with bludgeons , arrived , and were dispersed in different parts ofthefai-m . The auctioneer attended at the appointed time , accompanied by two bankruptcy messengers , and mounted a chair for the purpose of putting off the sale sine die , when a man , named David Wilson , accompanied by about thirty men armed with bludgeons , made a general attack upon the messengers and auctioneer's men , who were driven off the farm , and the premises barricaded . — Mr . Price raised an objection io the jurisdiction of the magistrates , inasmuch as there was a disputed title to the land ; and he further contended that the bankruptcy messengers and other parties seizing on the estate were trespassers . —The Bench decided

      on hearing the evidence , and several witnesses Laving been examined , tvJjo proved that Wilson and other persons not in custody bad been guilty of great violence , Wilson was bound over in his own recognizances of £ 50 , with one surety of £ 50 , to appear at the adjourned sessions in August ; Salter was fined £ 5 for resisting the police , and the two other defendants were discharged . THAMES . —ilTJKnERons Assault . —Silas Frost , a foreign seaman , was charged with cutting and wounding his wife , Mary Frost . The complainant , coming home from her work on the previous night , found her husband very drunk . She gently

      expostulated with him , when he took up a china teapot , capable of holding half a gallon , and dashed it at her head . She fell down senseless from the blow , and a woman , named St . John , hearing her screams rushed in and found her lying on the floor weltering in-her blcod , whilst her husband lay near her in drunken insensibility . A constable was called in , and he was given into custody . —The prisoner , in his defence , said his wife , who was always drunk and led him a -wretched life , must have injured herself in one of her intemperate moments . —Mr . Ingham said it was a most cruel assault , and ordered the p risoner to find bail to answer the charge at the sessions .

      Jewel Robsebt . —Moses Julins , a carpenter , residing at 2 > o . 1 , Bull-court , Pefticoat-lane , was charged with stealing a ^ old bracelet , value £ 7 7 s ., a cameo brooch , value £ 2 10 s . ; a pair of gold earrings , value £ 2 10 s . ; and agold ring , value £ 1 Is ., the property of Major George Wilson , an artist , residing at 38 , Minowes . The prisoner was called in to put up a bedstead , and after he had left the property was missed by Mrs . Wilson . It appeared that the prisoner , who was in liquor at the time , pledged the cameo brooch and the ring at a pawnbroker ' s in Spitalfields for 3 s . lie then returned to his job which was unfinished , and , bein « taxed with the robbery , gave the bracelet to Mrs . Wilson , and threw some of the articles away . Another portion of the plunder was found in the area of an empty house adjoining his residence . lie was fully committed for trial .

      Outrage by a Cabman . —C . nindmarsh , a cabdriver , was charged with assaulting Mr . Wm . Tann , a carcase-butcher in Xorton Folgate , under the following circumstances . It appeared fi'om the evidence ofthe complainant and other witnesses / that on the afternoon of Tuesday week the coachman of Mr . Longman , the publisher , was driving two ladies in bis master ' s carriage from the Shorcditch station of the Eastern Counties' Railway , and had just turned into Worship-street , when he observed a cab , driven by the defendant , approaching " at a rapid pace from the opposite direction , and to avoid a collision , which appeared inevitable lrom the narrowness of tbe thoroughfare , he stopped his horses , and drew close up . to the edge of the kerb . The defendant , however , came on with unabated speed ,

      and in endeavouring to pass tbe off-wheel ofthe cab became locked in the hind wheel of tl » e carriage and stopped his further progress . After an ineffectual effort to force his way on , the defendant hastily dismounted from Ms box , and seizing the reins of the carriage-horses made a violent attempt to back them into Shoreditcb , but , failing in bis object , ran up to the door of tbe carriage , and addressing the ladies with an oath demanded to have their card . One of the ladies replied , that they were not provided with , a card , but that their address was Southgate House , Highgatc , and requested him to allow them to proceed . He refused to do so , ' and after assailing them with the most offensive expressions , again seized the heads ofthe horses , and jerked them about with such violence that they . plunged

      and reared , and caused tlie carriage to oscUlate . m the most alarming manner . Whilst this was going on , the second lady put her head out of the window aud offered the defendant some money to desist , but several persons having called out to her not to submit to extortion , she appealed to them for protection , and the complainant immediately ran forward , and seizing the defendant by the collar , endeavoured to force him away from the horses' heads . Tbe defendant thereupon commenced such a violent attack upon him that he , was compelled to retreat back into liis shop , but was instantly followed there' by his assailant , who continued abusing him and striking Mm until he -was rescued by theTjystanders . —James Harris , Mr . Longman ' s coachman , ' and two

      tradesmen named Bromford and Jennings , corroborated the preceding statement hi every particular , describing the defendant ' s conduct as theTnostreekless and outrageous they had ever witnessed , and expressing an opinion that he was' decidedly intoxicated . —Mr . Heritage , who appeared for the defence , addressed the magistrate on behalf of his client , and called two witnesses , out was unable to elicit anythiflj f from them at all material in vindication ef the defendant ' s conduct . —Mr . Hammill said that lie considered the defendant had been guilty of a most scandalous outrage , and lie should therefore sentencc Iiim to pay " thc full penalty of £ 5 , or in default should commit him for two months to the House of Correction . The penalty not being " paid , the defendant was removed in the van .

      Untitled Article

      VICTIMS AND LAWYERS . THE FALL OP ROME . A "WORD FOR THE HUNGARIANS . Brother Proletarians , A few days ago I had the melancholy satisfaction of seeing your persecuted friends—Ernest Jones and Fussell . They had been brought from their prison to the City Guildhall to give evidence in the case of " Macnamara versus O'Connor ; " they were , however , not examined . A fraternal recognition passed between us , but I was not allowed to converse

      with them ; moreover , on requesting permission to be allowed to supply them , with refreshment , fruit , &c ., the boon I solicited was rudely refused . I am happy to say that our brothers appeared to be in good health ; indeed , I have never seen Fussell look so well ; and often have I seen Ernest Jones look worse . Of their present sentiments of course , I cannot speak positively : but , if I might judge by the fire of their eyes , and those glauces which to me communicated volumes of thought—I could not but conclude that ,

      though oppression may have tortured their material frames , it has failed to cow their resolute hearts . The world has already heard something of Ernest Jones , and as I gazed upon his physiognomy , so eloquently expressive of intellect , sincerity , humanity , and heroism , I said to myself , of that man the world willyei hear more than it has heard already . For the people ' s sake , as well as for my friend ' s sake , I . pray for the continued health and strength of Ernest Jones , that he maybe enabled to pass through the terrible ordeal ofthe year of suffering yet before him .

      On whatever legal grounds the jurors in the case of " Macnamara versus O'Connor " may have thought themselves justified in returning a verdict for the plaintiff , it must have been evident to every unprejudiced person present at the trial , that there were no moral grounds for that verdict . It is onl y fair to say that Lord ; Persian's " summing up" was strictly impartial ; indeed , it was evident that he did , not consider Mr . O'Connok liable for the amount claimed by the plaintiff , But , in spite of the impartiality of the Judge , and the able address of the defendant's counsel , the Jury condemned Mr . O'Connor to pay the sum of 101 / . 17 s . Gd . y claimed by the plaintiff , with , of course , all the costs of the trial .

      "Whatever the Jury might know , or might choose to affect ignorance of , you Jcnow that their verdict is a sentence of robbery passed upon Mr . O'Connor . With as much justice might any one of you bo condemned to pay the amount claimed by Macnamara . Mr . O'Connor says he will demand a new trial ; but , in the event of another legal struggle , will he fare better ? I doubt it . The bourgeoisie cheered very lustily at the Princess's Theatre on

      finding that they were to have the support , instead of the opposition , ofthe Member for Nottingham ; but how many of thecheerers would acquit him were he in the dock and they in the jury-box ? For myself , I must say , that with all due respect for Parliamentary and Financial Reformers , I have a holy horror- of their tender mercies ; and most fervently I pray that my friends ofthe shop may never be called upon to exhibit their loving-kindness towards L'Ami BU PETJrLE .

      I need not waste space in reminding you of your duty in the matter under notice . Your own hearts , your own sense of justice , will bid you do your utmost to free Mr . O'Connor from the legal responsibility thrown upon him by the verdict of Monday last . If Mr . O'Connor follows up his announcement of moving fora new trial , it will be your duty to sustain him with pecuniary aid , aud should , he ultimately be compelled to pay a debt of which , in point of fact , he owes not one farthing , he will be robbed and wronged , and you will be dishonoured if you fail to reimburse him every penny the force of law , but not of justice , may exact from him .

      It appears that Macnamara ' s bill , in full , amounted to 310 / , 1 7 * . Grf ., of which he had received 215 / . previous to commencing the late action . I will not dispute that every item in the account is a legal charge ; of that I know nothing—but having a great respect for the law , I will take it for granted that not even a solitary " 6 s . 8 d . " is charged illegally ; still I should like to know what was done for our friends for the 316 / . 17 s . 6 d ., which could not have been as well done for one-fourth or

      onesixth of the money . You musfc bear in mind , that Nixon ' s bill for defending Vernon is independent of Macnamara ' s account . The Lord save me and mine from lawyers , It is now too late to protest on account ofthe past , and , as regards the future , I hope that , escaping persecution , the Chax'tists will have no occasion for the services of the " profession ;" but if , unhappily , persecution should again decimate our ranks , I trust that at least every man who can speak from a platform will do

      the same from the dock . I would not absolutely interdict the employment of lawyers ; I think that , in the case of men who unfortunately might find themselves in the clutches of the law , and be unable to speak for themselves , " legal . defence" should be provided for them ; but otherwise each patriot should conduct his own defence . Had Mr . Macnamara' s clients defended themselves , they could not have been more severely treated than they have been , and some hundreds of pounds would have been saved to sustain and comfort

      then * bereaved families . The cause ,, too , would have greatly gained by such a course on the part of the Chartist victims . Even a few words—words of sincerity and feelingfrom the lips of the persecuted patriots themselves , would have told better on the Jury and the public , than the most finished speeches of paid counsel , " "Who , right or wrong , will advocate forgold I " How much more effective would have been the orations of more than one of Mr . Macnamara ' s clients , who , had they spqken , would " have cast into the shade tlie vaunted " forensic

      eloquence" of the gents in wigs and gowns For Chartiststo fee and feed lawyers—whether attorneys or barristers—is a sort of self-stultification . Mr . ( Sergeant Amen , addressing the jury for the plaintiff , on Monday last , took great pains to show that Mr . Macnamara entertained no sympathy with , and never had had connexion , as a politician , with the Chartists , -whom the " learned gentleman" libelled and sneered at to his heart ' s content ; for why ? he was privileged to speak where no Chartist dared reply . But though no Chartist , Mr . Macnamara has no objection to

      pocket Chartist cash . Like the Roman Emperor , he cares not where the money coines-from so long as he gets it . Sergeant Alien , too , would at any moment jump at a brief to defend a Chartist , let him only be well paid for it . Faugh ! These lawyers make one's gorge rise . Moses showed himself . but half a conjuror , when he omitted lawyers from the list of plagues , with which he tor mented the Egyptians .

      ; Rome has fallen ! In vain have her sons poured out then blood and laid down their lives in her defence . Might has conquered Right , and heroic Virtue has fallen beneath the blows of tiiumphant Crime . Yet , glory to Mazzini ! Glory to Garibaldi ! Eternal honour to all the heroes who have dared , done , and—oh ! bitter word—fallen in defence of Truth , Justice , Liberty , and . the holy cause of Human ity ! Curses , black and heavy , upon their conquerors ; and , oh ! may infamy ,

      Untitled Article

      eternal , twine round the names of Buo . va p arte and Oudinot The scoundrell y French journa ls assert the lie that the French were received with acclamations on the part ofthe Roman people . Believe them not . It is possible that those universal traitors and cowards , tlie men of property , may have applauded the French , either to testify their natural exultation at the ruin of Liberty , or to save their wealth from the clutches of their Gallic " protectors "—probably both motives influenced the dastards , if there were any such , who chewed the entrance ofthe French assassins ; it is possible , too , ' that a few partisans of the Pope may have rejoiced at the success of that blood-stained hypocrite ' s restorers ; but in spite of au tho liars—French and English—take my word ioi

      a mat tne noary-hoaded fathers who had seen their sons stretched on the earth by . Oudinot ' s cannon-balls—the wives , the sisters , the lovers , who had seen the objects of their love and affection mowed down by the' shot and shells of their city's enemies , —take my word for it that thev , and the thousands of patr iots who for weeks liad ' bravcd tlie ai-tiliery of the French , did not rejoice at the triumph of their enemies , and the murderers of their fiends and relatives . Indeed it is very doubtful if the French received anything in the shane of applause ; for I see it stated in this evenmgs papers that private letters received from Rome at Rma state that the French troops were received with , execrations by the people ; and that French soldiers were being stilettood at a handsome average ?* " ^ ft 0 tho kl " fc " is a war not to be despised , and the assassin-general ,. Oudinot . is going the right way to work to provoke the Romans tS

      turn to that last resource of tlie wronged and out . i-agcd- ^ AssAssis ^ Ti o . Y , ne has declare ! Romo in a state ot siege , dissolved the clubs , suppressed the journals , and commanded a general disarming of the brave ; men he has conquered , but whose heroism he is too great a ruffian to respect . Lastly , it is stated that he has addressed . a proclamation to the agents of tlie l ' ope , throughout the Roman States to sdxeupon all Frenchmen ivho served the Roman Repnbifc { and shoot them forthwith . Heartless monster ! . He may yet meet the doom he decrees for others . : With incorrigible murderer ' s ( like Oudinot and .. his followers ) no terms should be kept . ; their destruction by cither force or fraud will bo ever accounted a deed most holy by those who love Justice , arid dare vindicate the sacred rig ts of Humanity , :

      Much mystery yet shrouds the last days of the Roman struggle and tho circumstances connected with the surrender of the city . I antici pate that when the facts become known we shall find that treason of some kind led to a termination of the conflict , sooner than would otherwise have been the case . lam much mistaken if the men of property did not counteract the devotion of Mazzini and Garibaldi . Time will tell . In tho meantime we have the melancholy assurance that the Roman Republic is no more . The gates ofthe Eternal City are thrown open to Pope Pius who fled in the disguise of a flunkey , but who may return in the costume—it will be no disguise—of a 'butcher . A"ain the dungeons will be filled , the Inquisition wilt be re-estaunshed , and persecution , torture , and death

      will proclaim , that Okder i . kigns in Rome , and the rule of God ' s Vicegerent is uncontosted . But for . HOW LONG ? Be assured a day of vengeance will come . May it come speedily ! There is talk of a note addressed by Lord PAtmerston to the French Government in which there is some fuss made in defence of Roman rights (!) , and explanation demanded as to the intended course of the French Government , Humbug ! Lord Pal-Mkuston ' s note ( if there is any truth in the report ) has been concocted only to throw dust in the eyes of Europe . His notes are TOO LATE . He has made England an accomplice , by connivance , in the assassination of the Roman Republic , and inflicted upon his country a stain only less frightful than that inflicted upon France by her traitorous rulers ,

      It l AUiEitSTON ; telt any interest in Italian liberty , he would yet at the eleventh hour recognise the Venetian Republic and drive the Austrian brigands from , her -waters and her shores . Eut he will not do so . Alas ! my countrymen , you are dishonoured ; our fatherland is disgraced ; the name of England excites only the curses and jeers of the people of Europe , because in your name the banded tyrants are secretly aided by those who rule and pretend to represent this nation . When , oh ! when will you tako your affairs ¦ into ¦ your ' own hands—unsheathe the sword in defence of tha oppressed—and efface the degradation of your present . apathy , and the shame of the sway of your present rulers ? - On the 2 Sth ult . a Boulogne steamer lani ' elfiftyfive Hungarian soldiers at Dover , They forinerjv '

      belonged to tho Austrian army , under Marshal Radetzsky , but deserted and joined the Sardinian army uuder CnAUucs Albert , whose unsuccessful war obliged them to escape into Fiance , where they were not allowed to remain , but were escorted by gendarmes to the frontier , and their passage paid to England . They brought with them their standard , and were accompanied by an officer , who had been allowed to retain his sword . The gallant fellows were in a state of destitution . For the last fortnight they liavc been encamped in the neighbourhood of Folkstone . Public attention was first called to the state of those brave men by the Editor ofthe Sun , in which journal several eloquent and truly-ndmirablo articles have appeared , calling upon the British public to furnish pecuniary assistance to

      these unfortunate soldiers of Freedom . The appeals ofthe Sun have been nobly responded to . Amongst the leading politicians who have subscribed , I find the names of Lord Nugent , ¦ £ 5 ; Lord Dudley Stuart ,. £ 10 ; W . Scholefield , £ 5 ; W . Ewart , £ 5 ; Mr . Wilson , M . P ., £ 5 ; J . lleywood , M . P ., £ 5 ; T . M . Gibson , 'M . P ., £ 5 ; and Messrs . Mowatt , Lushington , Henry , MacKinnon , M'Culloch , Moncton Milnes , F . n . Berkeley , Villiers , T . S . Duncombo , all MP . ' s , £ 5 each ; also Colonel Salwoy , £ 5 . There are also subscriptions from "A few Chartists , " " A few Democrats , " "A few Republicans , " and almost every description of working men . Also from " Some Poles resident in London , " from " The Compositors ofthe Smi , " and , amongst other subscriptions , £ 7 Gs . collected at a public meeting at Kewcnstle-on-Tyne . The poor have clubbed their shillings and their pence ; and altogether , within ten days , a snm has

      been collected of £ 201 lCs . 5 d . Subscriptions may beEcntto the following bankers ; Messrs . Cowtts and . Co . ; Messrs . Drummond ; Messrs . -Smith , Payne ,. and Smith ; to the Committee of M . P . ' s , wiiose nanies I have already given ; or to theEditor of the Sun , 112 , Strand . Although the sum already collected is considerable , the payment for food , clothing , and lodging for fifty-five men during fourteen days , must have appropriated a considerable portion of the money ^ A principal object of the subscription is to furnish these brave patriots with the means of reaching Hungary , whither they desire to return , to give the aid * of their good swords to Kossunr , Ueii , and the rest of that nation of heroes , who are at this hour engaged in a , death struggle to save Hungary and Lih ' erty from the blooa-stained yoke of the Kaiser and the Tsar . Many thanks to tho Sun for taking up the cause of our unfortunate but heroic brothers .

      Brother Proletarians , I know well that ivany grievous burdens weigh upon you ; I know too that you who are the most ardent are continually taxing yourselves to support the victimised patriots of your own land ; nevertheless , let all who can do so contribute to the Testimonial to the Hungarian Refugees . Whether you give much or little / give in your thousands and prove thereby that youv hearts are with the heroic people of -Hungary . I would have you do more . Your government has connived at the assassination of the-Roman Republic , and is evidently desirous that Hungary : should share the same fate . It is your duty by . ; . legal , and constitutional means to compel the government to take another course . -Itis yqur duty to rise in tho m : yosty of your moral might and declarethat , even at tfte cost of War , Hungary shall be saved—whatever the cost of opposing the barbarians , the Cossmh shall not crush thef--Magyars . L'AMI DI 7 PBUPLE . July 12 th ; 1849 .

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      The national association of united trades for the protection of industry and the employment of labour in agriculture and manu-FACTURE . Established 1845 . T . S . Dux combe , Esq ., M . P ; , President . The Central Cbminiftee in their report in tho last numbbrofthc : . " Northern Star , " referred . to . •; certain . v . peculiaritics -which distinguished the National Association from all past and present' industrial movements , and which they eoncpivji should . jvecomhiend it to the especial consideration ! o £ ' the- " Trades of Great

      Britain ; .. The : points referred- . to had reference chiefly to their-successful mode of dealing with disputes between employers and employed , and which has created among the employing class in many parts of the country a degree of respect and wholesome deference to the National Association , not usually evinced by employers to any movement of working men . But it never was contemplated by the founders of this Association , that its only operation should bo confined to an improved method of dealing with trades disputes—it never was intended

      that it should constitute itself into a Stake Association merely . It had , and still has , objects of a far higher and more useful character in view , but which the extraordinary occurrences of the last two years have necessarily forced into abeyance . But the time appears to have arrived when these important and practical ulterior objects should bo placed prominently before the working classes , tlia they may Detter be able to compare ; and judge of the general merits of the various movements of an-industrial character which now distract their attention . ; , .

      "With the single exception of Mr . O'Connor ' s National Land Company , the National Association is the only movement which recognises and enforces the important principle that the working classes possess the means and tlie power , if rightly directed , of relieving themselves of a great portion ofthe evils which beset them , It appeared to those who originated , and to those to whom the management of this movement has been subsequently entrusted , that all their efforts would be but , at the best , mere palliation , until some plan could be devised by which the great monster evil , an over-gorged labour market , could be

      either removed or very materially diminished . They could not advise so unnatural and suicidal a scheme as emigration , neither could they delude their fellow men into the belief that a remedy could be expected from any appeal to the justice or humanity of the legislature . They have always been , of opinion , which each day ' s experience fully confirms , that any movement which seeks to benefit the working men through appeals for governmental interference alone , has an injurious tendency , by dividing their attention , and preventing them concentrating their energies upon more practical

      measures . The working classes of Great Britain will never obtain any real concessions from the Legislature , either social or political , until they set-to in earnest to concentrate the means and the power they possess , and apply them to work out tlieir political and industrial enfranchisement . Instructed then by past experience , they have a right to expect that any movement , whether industrial or political , which presents itself as a candidate for their countenance and support , must prove itself capable of realising some practical advantage , not contingent upon the will or caprice of parliamentary majorities .

      The past proceedings of the National Association have been of an unquestionably practical character , aud really beneficial to numerous sections of its members ; but the benefits conferred bear no comparison with what might have occurred , if the prejudices and ignorance ofthe working men themselves had nob blinded them to their best and truest interests ; As there now ap-r pear strong evidences of the Trades forming a juster estimate of their own power—and as the necessity for a National Union of the Trades is becoming daily recognised as a desideratum ' of " paramount- importance—the Central Committee consider it their duty to

      republish tiieik plan , origiunlly prepared by them in 1847 , and first published in the Association Report , No . 4 , for April , 1848 , under the title of "Organisation of Labour ; " and by which they propose to deal graduall y with the surplus labour , which is converted into an engine of such dire oppression . Until the working classes are prepared to attempt some such noble and rational effort for their amelioration , we must be content to carry out the more limited , but still important objects of the Associon for the Protection of'Industryjand , as was observed last week , this branch of the Association ' proceedings is capable of being made a most powerful instrument for good , if supported by working men , faithfully and steadily .

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      their immediate results , than the more exciting appeals to the passions presented by the spectacle of serried musses victorious over their former rulers ; but the one nwy be beautiful as a summer cloud , and as cvancscent- ^ -whilo the other slow in growth , resembles the oak in its strength and duration . In our last paper , we showed conclusively that the trades possessed all the requisite means for making a fail trial of tho constructive and reproductive policy , and also gave an outline ofthe proposed new establishments in which that policy may bo embodied . In a nutter of such deep and absovLing importarice , however , everything ought to be made as clear and as straightforward as possible , and we now uroceed to describe tho plans by which the members

      of our Association may proceed to attempt a practical solution of this great question . These plans , be it observed , are in ' complete accordance witli the decisions ofthe various conferences , and with tho constitution of the Association . The only difference ! is , that they elaborate a little move in detail , tho plans to which the trades have given their adhesion on various occasions by their , delegates , The Association for tho Employment of Labour in . the Agriculture and Manufactures , was established for " the purchase or rental of hinds , whereon to locate and employ the surplus labour ofthe Association , in such manner as shall bo most conducive to their own welfare , and that of the Association ; and , secondly , lor the erection or rental of buildings for domestic and industrial purposes , in such localities as may be best suited for these purposes , and tue promotion of the general interests of tho

      Association . " By a vote of the Conference of 1846 , it was determined that a fund of . £ 20 , 000 , for these objects , should be created by a levy of 2 ( 1 , in the pound on the wages of members ; but hitherto that resolution has never been enforced , and the reserve fund has therefore not been commenced . The time has now come , however , when the objects ' of the Association must not be permitted to remain a dead letter , or a theme of abstract speculation . We must be up and doing in earnest . We therefore propose , by the sanction ofthe late Conference , that , an employment fund of £ 50 , 000 should be immediately formed ; tlio subscriptions to be invested in a bank during the time of collection , in the names of three trustees , and not to . be -withdrawn , unless by the authority of the annual Conference , or a special conference summoned for that purpose . Such fund to be held sacred for reproductive objects , and to be applied to no other - purposer on any preteueo

      whatever . It may appear that £ 50 , 000 is a large sum to raise in the time we have named . But , if we analyse the component elements of the Association , and tho means at the command of its individual members , ifi will be found that it can be effected without the sacrifice of more than - the price of a pint of beer a week , from each of the individuals who are more or less brought into direct communication with thisf Association . These we estimate at 60 , 000 , and if each man , therefore , paid only twopence per week , regularly , for two years , it would amount to £ 4 !) , 00 & . It is , however , perhaps , too much to expect that this uniform sum should be paid by all the members . The lower-paid trades , in connexion with the Association , cannot , indeed , be expected to subscribe to the same amount as those who receive

      higher wages . In this instance , therefore , as in the ease of the funds levied to support the Association for the Protection of Industry , it will be best to adopt the principle of poundage upon wages , by which each trade will be enabled to contribute to the achievement of the great object , in tho direct proportion that its means permit it to do so . If the poundage were calculated so that its minimum would be Id . per week , and its maximum 4 d ., ifi would , supposing tho distribution of numbers , in tlie different classes , to be pretty nearly equal , give the required amount . We can scarcely imagine , however , that if tho trades are fully aware of tho overwhelming importance ofthe subject , they will not make every sacrifice that may bo required by

      this or any better mode that may be devised of raising the necessary funds . In order to make the cost of collection as small as possible , and to simplify the whole business , it is proposed that the local secretaries and officers of the various trades , in connexion with the Association , shall collect tbe poundage for the Employment . Fund , and remit it , in the same manner as tho monies for the Protection Fund are now collected and remitted . Should it l > o deemed advisable by tho Conference to admit trades not subscribers to tha Protection Fund , to becomo contributors to this fund , or tho formation of miscellaneous branches for that purpose , of course the duties would , in such cases , devolve upon the officers of these respective bodies . With the view of giving each individual subscriber a direct and palpable interest in the

      fund , to the extent of his contributions , it is further proposed , whenever the sum so paid amounts to 5 s ., to issue a scrip certificate for the same , which , will entitle the holder to such interest as maybe fixed-by Conference , and , after the commencement of practical reproductive operations in the establishments of the Association , to a definite proportion of tlie profits . These scrip certificates would be transferable and negotiable property , and , so far , as good as money—the only condition proposed , being , that any' sci'ipholdtir desirous of parting with , his certificate , shall , in tlio first instance , offer it to the Association , and , should it be declined , he shall then be at liberty to sell it to whom he pleases , subject to a transfer fee of five ' per cent , on the amount to be paid by the purchaser , for the registration of the transfer in the books of the Association . The

      same system of registering nanies , payments , and arrears , to be adopted in the Employment Fund , aa in the case of the present levies . In fact , this fund would present , during the process of its collection , and while the money was invested in the Bank at interest , a species of Savings Bank for the working classes , through the medium of which they would at once derive immediate personal benefit , aud contribute powerfully to the future emancipation and elevation of their order . When the capital was invested in freehold land , dwellings and workshops , and machinery , they would then become

      copartners m establishments , tlie object ot which would be two-fold—to remove the surplus from tho labour market , which is the primary oause of all reductions in wages ; and to ¦ give them a direct personal participation in the new wealth produced by their own accumulated arid reproductively-emp ' loyed capital . They would , therefore , bo ' benefitted in two ways—first , by having wages kept up to an equitable standard , and , second , by becoming in their own persons capitalists , in connexion with establishments which could not fail , if judiciously managed , to elevate permanently the order of Industry . _

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      CBURcn Pi . urauiie ' b . ~ A return obtained by Mr . Hume , M . F ., gives a . . long list , extending over a space of nineteen pages , of clergymen of the Cliurch of England who hold-two ° r more ' . hrarifc ^ wfesg preferments in the church , und appointea * TO lrg £ passing ofthe Beneficea Plurality ^)> - ~ srTZ * m * - ~ ' ' number of those clergymen "mpuntsyW ^ J ^ ST if ^^ f The distance between the respectiy / W ^ bM ^ W ^^ jointly held by some of those V ? ffW $ *? %$$ & nine , ten , and eleven miles . V ^ lM * $ & ^ -&&l f ^ ¦ \ Mtem- ' f ?^ --

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      DcBtiy , TnuRsnAT . —The King ' s County is said to he in a very disorganised state . It exhibits various symptoms of agrarian agitation . . Threateuinsr notices are heara of , and various malicious crime 3 committed , such as poisoning cattle , and burning haggards . Longford , on the other hand , a county which-was often more disturbed tban others , is remarkably quiet . At the assizes , Judge Torrens congratulated the Grand Jury on the fact of there being only eleven criminal cases , and one of Bjw ^ Pn which had lain QYtrftom liist-aseizes .

      Police*

      police *

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      ————Ma—* n iiwnii iiMiwin ii ¦ ¦ iw ii—.. LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . LIT . _ . . - ~^

      " "Words are things , and a small drop of ink Falling—like dew—upon a thought , produces Timt which makes thousands , perhaps millions , think . " uraoK .

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      ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . This all important question is too little understood and appreciated in this country . _ Tlie Central Committee of the National Association of United Trades lor the Protection of Industry have , in the Monthly Report issued by them , inserted a series of articles upon the subject , in which the present condition of tho working classes , and its causes , have been carefully analysed , and , it is believed , truthfully described . A remedy based upon the first principles IiYidtlo'wuiu thesopapevs , and commensurate with the evils it . is sought to remove , is tho great desideratum of the age , and the subjoined plan is published by the Central Committee in this shape , and at this time , with the view of bringing the question in a practical manner fairly before the-working classes generally , and especially those trades which are . united with the National Association .

      CONDITION OF THE . 'WORKING CLASSES . THE REMEDY . In the papers previously devoted to this subject , we endeavoured , step by step , to lead the convictions' ofthe trades " siiwig with us , by presenting , in support of every proposition laid down , such an array of facts , and of just deductions from them , as we conceived would stand the test ofthe most severe scrutiny . Wo have ' now cleared the ground sufficiently , to proceed to the last and most important nortion of oiir labours , namely—to suggest for

      consideration , and , we trust , general adoption , the practical measures which these facts and reasonings irresistibly' force'iipdn attention , as the only means by which the industrious classes can effectually awest the downward tendency ofthe present system . In saying this , it is not meant to'throw discredit upon any other popular movement . In their own place and manner , no'doubt , they all tend to promote that general progress of society which , is so desirable and so necessary . - But remembering well a much abused

      quotation" Hereditary Bondsmen ! know ye not , Who would be free , themselves must strike the blow " —wo ¦ . feel it to he our . imperative duty to teh the working classes , that they must in the first instance look to themselves , and their own powers , for their real redemption from the slavery and the difficulties of their present position . It will be in the future , as it has been in the past , quite possible that there may be general and great progress in arts , science , civilisation ,. and Knowledge , without - more than a mere fraction of the benefits reaching the labour class , unlesssomo means be devised by which they

      may directly participate m all the advantages which education , ' -machinery , and skill conferupon society . It is not at all likely that this will be done ¦ by any other class than the working classes themselves . What interest can any- other class be supposed to take in-the matter ? If any other classes were really , sincerely , and generally intwested in it , their assistance could be of but small service compared with what we . can do for ourselves . ; Let us waste no time in calling upon Jupiter , but set our own shoulders to the wheel of the labour waggon , and depend upon it we have strength enough to lift it out of the ¦ :

      ditch . . . -- , - ¦ . . -: ¦• The . events that- are taking place in other countries refleet light upon the labour question in this country . If any one thing more than another is made palpable by the French revolution of 1848 , it is that the emancipation of industry is , loss dependent upon political than social changes . The mere fact of the destruction ofa bad and mischievous system , does not necessarily- imply that it is replaced by a good and beneficial one . Let us understand , once for all ; that anew and equitable organisation of lafcouris tlie great problem of the age—that it is the constructive , not the destructive faculties , which must be called into action , before any tangible benefi ' ts'cahbe realised by tho labour class . It is true that such plans avo less showy and-captivating in

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      FATHER MATHEW , Who addressedthe crowd of Irish surrounding the vessel when he loft" Irelarid . for America a short time siHce , said : — . ; . ¦ ' . ' ' / : . " You do not reflect , my friends , that whilst you are in the tavern or tap-room , indul g ing in drink , that you are at the same time drinking down the food of the hungry , and the clothes of the naked . " And may not the same bo said to the peoplo of Bridgwatcr ? llow many are there , men and women , more to their shame be it said , who drink tlie food and clothes of . the hungry and naked ? How many are there whose homes are void of every comfort , whilst they help to support the publichouses and beer-shops in the town ? NO WONDER TIMES ARE BAD . If peopls will drink , and be idle , they are sure not to be well ofl ' , and they deserve to suffer ; they do no good to themselves , nor to any one else ; they come to

      poverty and want ,-and are then supported by private charity or parish pay . Thus the industrious and careful have to provide not only for themselves but for tho lazy and the sot . Womuxo Men !—all who complain of bad times and want of work—it is in your power to make tilings better . "You cannot spend your money in drink , and , buy food . You cannot spend your money in drink , and buy clothes . . You cannot spend your money in'drink , ' and liny furniture .- If working people saved ' the money , they now spend in drink , they would soon buy more , food—the farmer ; tho farm labourer , the baker , and the butcher , would all have more to do : they would also buy niorei clothing ; and the drapers , tailors ; and shoemakers ,-would have a brisker trade : they would buy more furniture ; and cabinet-makers and carpenters would have the benefit . . ' . - '•

      My Friends—You can do good brie for another , you can make work one for anotHer , if you will . Instead of spending your money at ; tbe public-house , buy a chniv or a tablo : a working man must make it . If shoes or boots , or clothes are wanted , working men arc again employed . ¦ ¦ If bread or beef ia eaten , labourers have to sec to tlie getting of it . My "Friends—The Teetotal . 'Reform is one of the most important in the nation . It will enable men properly to feed and clothe" tlieir families . - ' Ifc will occasion an increased ddmand for most kinds of agricultural produce , as well as manufactured goods . It will call out native industry—give a briskness to trade , and cause . such a . demanu for labour , that men will get a fair day's wages for a fair day ' s work . "Whilst you fail to reform youi-selves , other re' forins ' will fail to ' increase your happiness . -Freetrade will be of no benefit so long as you are free to drink . Let then Teetotalism be tlie CHARTER , to give you home comforts , and the nation prosperity . God bless you ! He will help them vrtio help themselves . ' ! '' Your friend—S .

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      CmtD MunnER . —On Friday , a very considerable sensation was created amongst the inhabitants of Sbmcvs Town , by the 'discovery of a most horrible attempt , on the part of a young woman named Elizabeth Wardle , in service at the house of Mr . Griffin , . No . . 23 , Church-way , to destroy a newlv-born female child of which she is the mother . It appears that Wardle , who is but nineteen years of age , has been for some time past suspected by her mistress to be enceinte , but which she strenuously denied . The closet of the house in question is in immediate proximity to one of the main sewers , a fact known to her as well as the other inmates . About 11 o ' clock on Thursday night the attention of Mr . Griffin was attracted by hearing a loud'splashing of water in the yard several times , which induced mm to see what was the matter . He met the accused coming in , and thinking something was wwij , he went to the dtset , and whilst thero he

      distinctly heard the cries of an infant . He raised an aWrm , and lights having been procured , a ncwlybom female child was discovered lying at the entrance , of the cesspool Tunning fi-om the closet , wnere it had beeij thrown by its inhuman parent , After about half-an-hoiir's exertion the closet was removed , and Mr . Griffin succeeded in rescuing the poor little creature , still alive , from its perilous and nltny situation . The police , as well as a medical man , were sentfor , and the child having received the necessary medical attention , Wardle was at once taxed with-the crime . She at first strenuously asserted her innocence , and declared the charge to ue an attempt to destroy her character . ' She was , howeTer , given into custody of police-constable No . u ' t x' , n slle confessed that she had thrown the Child down the closet , and that the noise of the water which was heard was the four or five pailfuls she had thrown down in order to wash the child through the cesspool into the sewer . .

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      g—jpL ^ ff * O- g THE NORTHERN STAR , , 5 —^ . ¦ ¦ —^^*^^™^^ K ^^^ W ^^^^^^^^ a ^^—^^*^™^^^^^^^^ ^— . 1 >^ 1 . m ^ ^ ^^^_^— .

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      EXECUTIVE FUND . ^ Received fcy S . Kyds . —From the Chartists of Sheerness , Cs . Si . ; Liverpool , per J . Farrel , 10 s . DEFENCE FUND . Received at IjAxd Office . —Thos . JTcrry , Is . x VICTIM FUND . Received atLaxD Office . —Globi ana Friends , Is . Cd . CVowu and Anchor , 5 s . 5 d . ; G . "W . Cd . j George Greensdale , 6 s . Si FOR MRS . JONES . . Received at Lasd Office . —E . S ., 5 s . 6 d . Received by W . - ltiDES . —; Democrats , Alexandria , per J . Ji'Intyre , £ 1 . FOR COST OF MACNAKIARA'S ACTION . fiecrivcdTjy W . Eideh .-J _ Kitson , Sheffield , Cd .

      * If remitters for Star , or otherwise , will . persevere in Cie fully < if sending coin in letters they must sustain the loss , incase of uoii-delivery here . Mr . B . and others will , 1 hope , take the hint . —AV . Hidhu

      FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Itcctdved by W . Kideb . —Mr . Stephens , Jersey , 2 s . Gd . ; Democrats , Alexandria , per J . iTIntyre , £ 1 ; Suttingham , per J . Sweet , 9 il . ; Xortbwich , per \ f . llowe , 2 s . 4 d . ; T . Whalley , South Stockton , 5 s . ; Hnll Chartists , per G . Barnett * 10 s . ; Derby , per AT . Short , l « s . NATIONAL VICTIM FUND . "Received liy J . Aiwott . —Mr . Voorc . per AT . Shute , Is . iJir . rilgriin ^ per Hr . Lunii , Cd . ; Westminster , yer J . Grasshy , 2 s .: Chartists of Sheerness , per E . Stalhvood , Cs . 3 d . ; South London Ilall , per J . Duval , 7 s . ; Ernest Jones JLocalif v , j » er J . JlTeigh , Cs . -id . ; Land Office , as per Star , Us . Id . * ; Hr . Rider , as per Star , £ 2 10 s . 7 d . —Total , XfSs-Si

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 14, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1530/page/5/