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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th July 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      TO THE GRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN AHD IRELAND . ( Frosi No . 2 of the Democratic Review , Jul y , 1849 . ) 2 ? ellow Mex . —Ix my last I promised to further develope ( in separate tetters ) the principles -upon which , the Trades' organisation is founded , and ¦ which my excellent friends and colleagaes , the T r ades ' Dd ? gate 3 of London , are labouring to establish . Oar first principle declares the universal right of the people to the Soil . Yon will behold in that declaration , the assertion of a iidit

      which was wrested from your forefathers by force . The subversion of that right has been the cause of all the evils entailed upon your « = rder ; including that monster evil the want of useful employment , with the inseparable concomitants of poverty and starvation . Ilow shall we bes * . answer the usurpers of the soil , who have straggled for aucs to preach the people infc * a bel : ef—delude th m into a belief—and coerce them into a belief , that the privileged orders have a divine right—a prescriptive right , and in short all manner of right , to maintain exclusive possession of , and dominion over the soil ?

      We s 'lail answer them best by a correct definition of man ' s natural ri » h ! s , and by " placing these rights in contradistinction to brute force possession—or political usurpation . T therefore at once pronounce those rights t « consist of the free use of all the primary elements of the universe , which nature ' s Gd Lath placed in abundance at the disposal of the whole human family ; not to be exclusivel y possesse d bj that class of men to whom the Dukes cf . Bedford , Buckingham , and Richmond belong . The elements , the free usa of which constitute man ' s naiuTii r ' ghts , I define to be the land , the l ) QtV < jls bi tli 6 •• arlli , the waters whether inland or oceanic , toze her witii the air and light of heaven .

      The freense of these I proclaim to he the natural , the inalienable , and imprescriptive right of every human being—a right which exi-ted anterior to all human society , which no legislation , no force , can abrogate , withont coinniitling an outrage upon humanity . "Whosoever usurpeth bataportion of any one of these elements , to the total exclusion of his fellows , is guilty of the highest crime against humanity . It is necessary to settl e in the first place what man's natural rights are , and afterwards deal with society as we find it . I shall now proceed briefly to show the process bv -which the people of this country have been robbed oftneir right of inheritance in the soil . To do th : s I must first glance at the early periods of EnalWi Historv ,

      Two Thousand years ago when the sombrous forest everywhere prevailed , and the busy hum of our towns and cities o ? the nineteenth century was unheard and unknown , the ancient Britons , clothed in the skins of wild animals , possessed their natural rights even in a state of rude barbarism to a much greater degree thau the modern Britons , of ( what is regarded as ) the enlishtened nineteenth century . In their normal state they at least hau free access to the soil— to the rivers and the fountains , the air and light of heaven , and could collect the fruits of the forest for their su-tenarce . How stands the matter , after the lapse of tw > thousand years ! Why , that , nearly the whoh of the land is in tue hands of the four hundred and thirty-two eldest scions of an

      hereditary aristocracy , who set '" mea traps auu spring guns ~ " as a terror to ihs dispossessed ; ar . d who have the power to commit to prison any man who -may step within their domains as was the case with a poor fellow for gathering a few nuts fr- m a hsd ^ e on the estates of theitofce of Marlborough , ia August lastestates ffhicU the ancestor of his present grace had s ; iveu him , together wi ih a pension of £ 5 , 000 per annum bv Queea Ann ? , for having foiighi the battles of tvran-sand usurpers , and delu ° edEnrcpe whh blord . We have but to examine tbe pages of Jiisfory , and we shall discover that the first establishment of private ownership in laud was accomplished by brute force , in an age of barbarism , when all disputes were settled by the sword—as ; d might constituted right-and

      that it has ev-: r since ben maintained by the strong arm of power , while those who lme eigoyed its exclusive poasrs-nou have enhanced its value , and consolidated their oo er , by treasonable legislation , "When Julias Caspar effected Uie conquest of Britain . £ fty-five years before lhe Christian era , he only paved the " uav » o other advent-rare . The Saxons who ac wnpanied llengist and llorsa , under pretence of assi-tin ? the Brisons against the incursions of the Picts and Sc > ts , took forcible ' possession of the country , af er it had been a It -man colony for nearly 500 years . Following the Saso .-s , were tbe Daai-s under Jung Caisuie , whose dominion was but of short duration , as Kdward lhe Confessor , a fciag of tlia Saxon d : p . ultini -trlv succeeded to the throne .

      Th » n cv . a-3 t ; e crowning carnage and niv . il u-urnation of Brians by the Norman Co ^ qnest , in lUGO ; eleven huudn-d vears after iti fir-t invasion by tiie Imperial Hainan . After the conq : t » i William the C « nqtt : TC-r divided the Ian s of En » kud into 700 chii-f lnronies , wlikh wore subdivided into ( 50 , 215 knights-4 » es ; and parcelled out among fc : e 0-3 , 000 invaders who composed Iks army—vagabonds collected from the numerous hordes of freebooters , which overran nearly all ; lw > tat& 5 of Europe at that period . The ba = o-ies l : e - ^ ave lo the brigand chiefs who CMnman 3 alUsis : no : istcrbanditti ; and the knights-fees were assLned to the subalterns and sjjnller fit , who ¦ were installed as las retainers of those fierce uailitftry chief tains . War was ewrvwhere waged against the

      dispossessed , r .-iio-srere eiiierpiit to lhe sword , oicompelled to become the vassals of the usurpers . Suchisthe ou «« ntionup-nwhich « nr land tenures ¦ were based , aivl « r-on whiah ihey rest up to the present time . " Bat cvau tlien . no su-h thing as a private ownership in land w- » s iu any respect known or recogi&cd bv the kudal law . as orig inally established bv the Xorma !! conqueror , except in the person of the king , who was supreme Lrd of ihs Ian-Jed property . The g-fat ba : osis were all military tenants of the kins , and occupied ilia baronies upon a strictiy cocditioijal tenure down ( o the thine . nth ren-urj % hwen , hv a fcrurchbie conspiracy , the baronial chit f = > compelled K ii 2 Join to sign Magna Charta . which wrested the prerogative of supreme lord f-f the landed property of ( hectare from tbe lenig , and conferred it

      upon tk » insclv--s . By tbe sixtj-Gr = taud sisty-sec > nd sections of that doiuiacnt . they invested the power in five-and-tsreistsr baronial kings , to en orc the change whicli they Jsad made ia their own favour , from being tenants of the crown , to abs-lnte proprietors . Tans dota history prove that this huge monopoly , this intckmhle i snrpation of the sail' , has its foundation in force rod fraud . I shall p-ove , on another occas io n , that fromthp hour of the Norman conquest down to the r . j ^ u of George the First , the whole history of the a ncestors of the present usurpers of thesoil , is a crusade of connst-afcon , p lunder , rapine , and devastation . During thsir fierce and bloody contests , extending- O'Cr a penod of seven centuries , mi » ht eojisljtuk'd right andtlieposssssoiv oflai'd on

      the one day become lhe dispossessed oa the morrow ; and he who was the greatest conqueror , by craft or hv arms , was considered the greatest hero . Yet we were told iu the House of Commons the other ni .-ht by the Premier , whose ancestor picked up his extensive possessions tluriug the ficrasubieat the spoliation of the Ablvy iani ! =, that this mongrel ar : st c ; acy "is the laisTt o ? ' jei . -lioijable in Europe , because it admits wiihia it = bosom jr : en who have not been born witlii : i il . s circle of rank . " He however ueglecied toiuorm the House that titles and sinecures hav « j-iiiicr .-lSy beai eoaferred uiion commoners ¦ who have * se : i daEgsrons lo the aristocrary ^ th-t they might b- bought over from popular prmcip e * . The pie = nl aristocracy r . re ihe d = scendants of

      irechjotevs , aud the progeny of pimps aud prostitutes , to ¦ which m = iy b : - added a consder .. ble number of crafty place and office hunters from nearly all nations , creeds , aad « -iasses—cemented toge'her into such a letgrojjeneiiiss compound , thai it would pnzzle ? . il the antiquarians aud historians in Eu-ope , to trace tne treneaLx'ical descent of this huge nion <; r 3 l aristocracy ; which boosts of its "long and illustrious lmo « if ancestry . " It is the xisarj ^ ition of tbe Sviiby . tUis aristocracy , which has d'iven the peoplefr-m the bosom of ' . heir parent earth into our large towns and cities , and f-rced them in'o various trades in u-idue proportions ; until a-1 trades have become al . kioverstockeu , tens of thousands , unable to find employment , and those who are employed strugg lin , - and conjpetins : to cheaiienthe price of their labour .

      It is toe x ; suqiat : oii of the soil by this aristocracy , ¦ B-hieh his ii > u < le Ireland all hut a desert , and threatens Great Britain with a similar doom , unless the ma-ses of the people tfy to therestue of their country from the dominion of those usurpers . I must resume the consideration of tUh all-impor tant subject in my next let . er . ' - AixnED A . WiLTOx .

      Untitled Article

      THE SICILIAN ARMAMENT . —AFFAIU OP THE BO 3 JBAY STEAMER . At the Old Bailey Sessions on Thursday , Franco Maccagnone Granatelli , commonly called Prince Granatelli , Louis Sealia , and John Moody , surrendered to take their trial for misdemeanour . Another defendant , named Sahnuore de Amcco , was included in the indictment , but he did not surrender . Sir F . Thesiger , Mr . Clarkson , < and Mr . Bodkin , appeared for iho prosecution ,- Sir F . Kelly and Mr . Ballantino defended Prince Granatelli , Mr . Martin defended Sealia , and 3 Ii \ M . Chambers defended Moody . __

      Sir F . Thesioeh , in o p ening the e a se , said , this was a prosecution instituted by the authority of the Minister in this country of his Majesty the King of the Two Sicilies , against the defendants , and another person named Amoco ; who had not surrendered to take his trial , for having unlawfully enlisted men and equipped vessels of war , for the purpose of being emploved hostilely against his Majesty the King of the Two Sicilies , the lawful Sovereign of that country , contrary to the provisions of an Act of Parliament , passed in tlic year 1 S 19 , commonly called the R-reign Enlistment Act . It was unnecessary for him to dwell , upon the policy of the law in question , because it w ; is impossible to conceive anything more likely to disturb the relations

      between friendly states than for persons to adopt the proceeding of equipping vessels and making hostile demonstrations of this description in 01 ) 0 country against another . The Jury were aware that during-the past year nearly the whole of the States of the Continent had been disturbed by revolutionar y movements , and many of the governments ofthose ' stateshad been entirely shaken to thenfoundation , and all had been seriously disturbed . The Kin < r of the Two Sicilies was not exempt from that wluch mig ht be described as the . prevailing spirit oi the times . In 1 S 4 S revolutionary proceedings took p lace hi Sicily , and in the early part of that vear a provisional government was established at Palermo , and the defendants , Granatelli and

      Sealia , were appointed by that Insurgent government to proceed to this country in the capacity of Commissioners or Envoys , and were received by tbe British government in " that capacity . It , would seem that the revolutionary government of Palermo were desirous to create an armed force to : net asainst their lawful sovereign , and very soon after the arrival of those two defendants in this country , they entered into an agreement with thePeniusulav and Oriental Steam Company for the purchase of two of their vessels , called the Vectis and the Bombay , for the sum of £ 60 , 000 ; and in August , 1 S 48 , the agreement was ratified by the government at P a l ermo , and the Yectis was sent to Liverpool , w h ere she ; w as fitte d out

      as a war steamer , under the superintendence of the defendant Moody , and she was eventually despatched to Palermo without any interference : by the authorities of this country . The Bombay , whichwas the vessel that would form the subject of the present inquiry , remained -at BlackwaJl , and he had no doubt that he should be able to satisfy the jury that she had been armed and equipped through the instrumentality of the defendants , and was ,, intended to be used for hostile purposes against the lawful sovereign of the Two Sicilies . He should , show , them that a Colonel Aubrey , who had formerly been in the English service , bad been dispatched to this country by the revolutionary government at Palermo , with instructions to raise a body of 1 , 200 men , and to embark them on board these steamers , and that he entered into communication "with Prince Granatelli and Scalin , and that tiio . y were perfectl y

      well aware of his object , and exerted themselves to cany it into effect , with a view to support the insurgent government against their lawful . sovereign . There was no desire to press the matter vindictively against the defendants—the object was to vindicate the law , and to teach the defendants and others similarly situated , the danger they incurred by such practices , and that there was a power to punish them , and this was the only object of tlio present prosecution . The examination of witnesses for the prosecution occupied the greater , part of Thursday and Friday . The attempt to show the purchase of the vessels from the Peninsula and Oriental Steam Company , failed , as the officers of the company claimed to be excused lest they should thereby criminate themselves . Neither could secondniy evidence of the agreement , which was copied when it was produced before the magistrate , be given . Lord 1 ' AUXEnsTON was called to show that this

      country was in amity with the King of Naples , ami that no authority had been given to the defendants to fit out any expedition . Being cross-examined by the prisoners , he said the government , of Palermo had possession of the greater part of Sicily , and , in fact , exercised the governing power . It was a government acknowledged to be existing , though not : i recognised European government . There was a parliament of Lsrds aud Commons and a President . He was applied to by this Sicilian government to mediate between that and the Neapolitan government , lie had not caused the Bombay to be seized , and two months after the seizure the vessel was ordered bv our government to he restored .

      Colonel Acbhey was next examined , to prove that he was authorised directly by the Sicilian eovernmeiit to rai = e 1 , 200 . men in England , and tJr . it he had several interviews with the defendants respecting the two . steam-boats . They wished him to iind some dashing English fellow to take the comm : ui < l of the Bombay , and he introduced Lieutenant Waghorn . The Prince was delighted , and rubbed fiis hands when he was assured thataf Waguorn was appointed he would undertake to bring in twelve of the eighteen war steamers belonging to the King of Saples , but he could not answer for the other six . The French government failing to assist the Palermo government with aloan of £ 750 , 000 , his engagement to raise 1 , 200 men fell to the ground . —Being

      crossexamined by Sir F . Kelly , the witness said : " I never told the defendants that I intended to betray them to the Neapolitan government . I have not received anv money from the Neapolitan government . "—Sir F . Kelly : "Are you to receive any ? " —Colonel Aubrey : "Am I obliged , my lord , to answer that question ?' ' Mr . Justice Coltman " I do not see why you should not . "—Sir F . Kelly " Sow , Sir , answer the Question . " Witness : " In consequence of the position in whicli I was placed , I was to receive . "—Sir T . Kelly : — " Go on , Sir . " Witness : " I am to have what the Sicilian government owe me . "—Sir P . Kelly : " Ilow much ? " "Witness : "Three hundred pounds . "—

      Sir F . Kelly : " IVJmt arc you to receive three hundred pound s for ? " "Witness : " For giving evidence to cause the seizure of the Bombay steamer . "—Sir P . Kelly : ' - ' Then you did give some evidence which led to the seizure of the Bombay ? " Witness : "I did /*—KrSirF . Thesiger : "Ileft the service of the Sicilian government , because , having pledged my word and honour for the fulfilment of the contracts , they plnccd me in a'difSculb position by neglocting to send me money . They intended to play the trait or with me , but I was too deep for them , : md I considered iiiyself justified in stopping tlio vessels . The amount of the contracts for which 1 was liable was £ 1 , 500 . "

      3 Ir . IiATcnronn , an accoutrement maker , corroborated Colonel Aubrey ' s statement as to some interviews with the Prince , and his directions about the equipment . Vmv . iiLBY , a clothier , deposed to providing uniforms for 1 , 200 men by order of Colonel Aubrey . A Mr . Drydex spoke to conversations with the defendants about employing him in the command of one of the war steamers ; and some seamen were called to show that they were engaged to go on hoard , and that the steamers were fitted-up as vessels of war . Upon cross examination . they admitted that the vessels were perfectly ready to go to war , except that they -wanted guns , and ammunition , and the crew . . ' : • :

      The last witness called was the Neapolitan Minister , Prince Gastelticala . ' He said ' : From the year 1 S 47 down to the present time there lias been pence between this country arid the kingdom of the Two Sicilies . I know by sight Prince Granatelli and Senhor Sealia . They hold no office under the King of the Two Sicilies . I met them in the anteroom of the Foreign-office on one occasion when I was going by a p p o i ntment to see Lord P a lmerston , ' and : ilso met them at a soiree given by Lady Palnserston . The present prosecution has been instituted at my instance . Cross-examined by Sir " Pi Kelly : I have not been in Sicily since the . troubles broke out . The predecessor of the present King was Ferdinand the First . I had an eye oh . the Bombay for some

      tune ; and I wrote to Lord Palmerston ;; I ; cannot- remember the date when rewrote ; it was , ' perhaps , six months ago . I did notsucceed with Lord Palmer s ton in pe rsu adi ng him ' to ; seize the vessel . I never entered into any communication wfth the officers of the Customs respecting the seizure of the Bomoay , I instructed my solicitors to institute this prosecution some time ago . I have seen Colonel Aubrey twice ; perhaps it might have been on the subject of those proceedings . I have left the matter entirely 'in ; the hands ' of my solicitors , and whatever bargains have . been made with ^ witnesses for * payment have not oeon made by' my selfi I never spoke to , Prince : Granatelli or Senhor . Sealia . in / my ; life ; nor have I had any official ' communication ' with

      them . A great number of men have come to me on this business , and I have always referred them to my solicitors . —By Mr . M . fCjwmbers > . The King of thcTwo Sicilies has had a % reat ; number of vessels built in England thi * ough inyirieans / 'Mr . Pitcher has built several war-steamers for him . There have been _ no vessels built . here within the last two or three years for the King of the' Two Sicilies , j The Ammunition for those vesselsiras not provided here ; it was furnished at Naples ^ When those vessels were built , the K ? ng of the . Two Sicilies was not at war with any power ; they ; were'built merely , to , keep up his navy ; There ; are * a ¦ great number , 6 f English engineers hi the navy of ^ the King of the Two' Sicilies : This was tlie case for the prosecution ' ; The court then , at &ve o clock , adjourned . c

      Untitled Article

      Saturday . —The trial of this case was resumed this morning at ten o ' clock , when Sir Fitzroy Kelly rose and addressed the Jury on the part of the defendant . He complained of the manner in which the prosecution had been instituted , after our own government , on a due inquiry into all the circumstances , had refused to interfere in the matter ; and next , of the way in wliich the prosecution Imu ' . bccn conducted—by the preferring an indictment , containing no less than eighty counts , against foreigners who were ignorant of our . laws , and one of them even of our language ; and of the evidence which had been brought forward in support of that

      indictment , and whicli characterised as altogether unworthy of belief . But , even admitting the credibility of the -witnesses , he urged that their evidence had failed to establish the charge against the defendants , and ought , at all events , to bo viewed with considerable caution and suspicion ; and , in conclusion , said , he confidently left the case in the hands of the Jury . Mr . M . Chambers and Mr . Martin addressed the Jury on the part of the other defendants . The Learned Judge summed up ' the evidence . The Jury retired to consider their verdict , and , after an absence of half-an-hdur , " Acquitted " all the defendants . —The Court then adjourned .

      Untitled Article

      : - « iga » - ¦— - — ; . ..-THE ROMANS AXD HUNGARIANS . Public meetings arc being held in various parts of the country for the purpose of assisting Hungarian exiles now in London to return to their own country , and expressing sympathy with the Romans inthoir " struggles for freedom . '* One of tlio most important of these meetings took place on Friday , in the Leefcure-rOom , Ifelson-strectj Newcastle , and it appears from a report in the Newcastle Guardian thnt the building was densely crowded , and that hundreds of persons were unable to obtain admittance . Sir John Fife took tlio chair . Several speeches were delivered in the course of the evefiiug , and the following resolution was adopted : — " That a national subscription , for the purpose of

      enabling the Hungarian exiles now in this country to return to their native land will be an act worthy of the generosity of the people of England , at the same time that it will afford them an opportunity , wliich they should not suffer to pass by ; of making public and manifest their indignation at the conduct of the Austrian and Russian governments towards Hungary , and of showing sympathy with the heroic exertions of the Hungarian people in the most si \ - crcd of causes—the protection of their homes-and country against invasion . That accordingly a subscr iption for that purpose he commenced , and the proceeds forwarded to Lord Dudley Stuart . " A motion was then carried expressive of sympathy with the conditton of tac llomaus . '

      Si gnor Bomfiaxi , a lionian , in returning thanks , spoke as follows : —The French government has revealed to the . world what is their love for French liberty , by pouring bombs on Roman liberty . Yes , the political principles of the Seine are explained on the banks of ' the Tiber ! They have bombarded Rome , because tlio laurels gathered on the field of battle by 'Nicholas , Ferdinand , Windischgratz , and Radetski , troubled , like a night-mare , their sleep . See that immense , column of smoke and dust which rises like a cloud from the centre of Italy ; it comes from the destruction of the greatest monuments of human genius , and which have been bombarded by the soldiers- of- ' civilised- France . Varsovia , Milan ,

      Brescia , . Ancona , glorious victims of your patriotism and of your tyrants , you needed a companion in your sorrows and devastation , and Rome shares your fate . Yes , the French cannons ,, which-were destined only to destroy the citadels ' . of' tyrants , have roared against the Roman republic , which demanded nothing from France , but its alliance and friendship , against a people whose sole crime was to have followed their example . The attack on Rome is the crime of Cain accomplished by , i ihithlcss government against a defenceless people . Had a republic been proclaimed in St . Petersburg , or in Lendon , . tha power wliich governs the destiny of F ranco would have trembled and bowed before

      them . But Rome is comparatively a small town , and 35 . 000 men , the bravest soldiers of Europe , backed by Austrian , Spanish , and Neapolitan troops , have at last silenced the fire of the brave but unfortunate defenders of our liberty , and who had retired to Rome as to the heart of Italian independence . The French legions have been victorious—they , through fire and sword , have become masters of Rome , and now Pius IX . can return to the eternal city ; a river of blood will bring him back his triple golden crown , " whilst his Master only left to him a crown of thorns . Let him take iV up with that hand which signed the warrant of death for his children , which was destined only to bless and forgive ! Why does he not go to Avignon , where . several of his predecessors passed nearly seventy years ? No , he must occupy again the regal abode of the Tatican , though he stvles himself the vicar of

      " Him who had not a stone whereon , to rest his head . " One word more . I may bo asked , " To what purpose your speech , your enthusiasm V For a very simple reason—I do wish that there should be at least one nation in the world to set an example of public morality . I would " wish that , cheered by sympathy here for our misfortunes and efforts , I could from this distant country exclaim to my Italian brethren , " We have all the -world against us , except free England . " This , at least , will lie our consolation in " bur fall , that we were lamented and admired . Let the men of England think on the calamities and circumstances which have reduced to a nonentity and slavery the queen of nations , and they will pronounce their judgment , wliich I doubt not will bo heard , with fear and ' dismay by those tyrants who have caused , and cause so many tears and blood . The voice of a free and generous people is all-powerful , and will re-echo like thunder to the most distant regions . .

      Untitled Article

      THE DELEGATES FROM BADEN AND THE PARIS PRESS . Sir—The liberty of the press at present Leingeomplctely suspendedin France , I fear the enclosed letter addressed to La Prcsse , of M . Girardin , will not he allowed to appear in the French journals . Being , at the same time , anxious to expose a gross infraction of all hmhan rights , on the part of the French government , I request the hospitality , of your columns for this purpose . 1 . ETIER ADDRESS-ED TC ^ THE EDITOR OP THE " PRESSE , "

      AT PARIS . " London , June 30 . " Sir—Permit mo to correct a few errors which have appeared in Id Prcsse , and some of tho other journals of Paris , concerning myself and my'friends , MM . SchutK and Blind , the delegates from Baden and the Palatinate to the French Republic . " 1 . MM . Schutz and Blind requested , immediately on their arrival at Paris , an audience with tho minister of Foreign Amiirs , in order to present their credentials . It was ; therefore , we ll k nown to the government , t h atrt h e y oug ht not to arrest my person , as they , have attempted , if they wished to repeat at Paris the precedent of Rastadt , an d to show that tliey did not respect , oven at 1819 , tlio inviolability of ambassadors from new formed states , beiti " republics . ¦ ; - ¦

      _ . . " 2 . Neither my friends MM . Schutz and Blind , nor myse lf , have had any share in giving to the majority of the assembly the opportunity to gain the victory over clear evidence and sound reason and to decree that henceforth the Art . 5 of the constitution : ' The French republic respects foreign nationalities , as it xindcrstands how to make its own respected . It undertakes no war ' s with views of conquest , and never emp loys its forces against the liberties . of any people '—does not exist , because after the 13 th June 2 ^ 2 = 5 . AVe congratulate the government and

      the majority on their victory , unheard of ; since , the time of Alexander the Great , who likewise severed the Gordian knot by brute force ; hilt ; wo plead guilty only to the crime of foreseeing and ardently desiring with the whole of Europe-tho defeat of these revolutionists actainst clear evidence , common sonso , and the rights of mankind at home ; and abroad . For my o w n humble person , I acknowledge the irresistible " forc e of l ogic an d mathema ti cs , ev e n in eases where the indignation and cnrs " e .. of : the whole world docs not operate in accord with ; tins ¦

      supreme power . - . , :-. ¦•« 3 Wo persist in believing that the arrest ; and detention of M . Blind , secretary to - the" embassy from Baden to the government ofthe republic , is a gross infraction of tho lawof nations , acknowledged ever since the famous congress at . Rastadt ^ anu therefore of an earlier date than the law of nations asacknowledged by tho French Constitution , -Art . o . " AH other statements , sir , concerning ^ our . persons , which are contradictory to these , three positions , arc calumnies or inventions , as for instance the discovery of p apers disclosing , a European , conspiracy of the democratic party , which , : I am forry to say , never existed ; inventions which , conferring on us ah imdeserved honour , arocqually repugnant to the feelings of men who respect themselves . ¦¦ '•• " Sincerely attached to the republic , sir , 1 ardently desire nothing so much as the speedy victoiy of evidence , and the complete restoration of comnM > h sense in its jus ^ rig ht at Paris . —I am ^ if ¦ ¦ ¦ ° . » ARNOLD RUGE . " v

      Untitled Article

      IncREASiNG Trade of the Port of IIavre . — The iccrease of trade and the growing importance oi the Port of Havre may be inferred from the puolished Custom-house revenue returns oi . tnat . port , which amounted , for the month ; of . June this year , on imports , to 2 , 353 , 172 francs , ; against ; . l , lw » * francs for the same month last-year . ; and on exports , to 22 , 936 francs for . the month of June this year , . against 9 ; 660 francs for the same mouth Ust year , showing an . increase of iiaofe than 190 ! per ^ P * -.. " both departments of the . Customs revenue oi tne flourishing port of Havre . "' ^ ' . . i , , i : 7 ; A Corresposdkst- of the 'New Yovh Evening , ¦* " » i T ^ ingfrom Rio Janeiro , " says / we can form no conception of the " ugliness of the Brazilian women , iie lstircd and siek of looking at thcin ;

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      MONDAY , July 9 . HOUSE OP LORDS . —Lord Bbodgiiam added two resolutions to those lie , had moved-on the pre - ceding Friday , on the subjsct of prison discipline , for the purpose of showing the necessity svlucli existed forscparate confinement in order to avoid contamination ; and to shorten imprisonment befb-e trial by making more frequent " giol deliveries , which might he effe ' CtPd bythecbnntyoou « te , the judges of which were perfectly competent to that'duK' - Tho various bills on the table were advanced a stage without debate , and their lordships adjourned , afti-ra short siitingof th > 'oe meters of an hour . ' - HOUSE OF COM . tiONS . —This House met at twelve o ' c l ock . .. . ; Marriages { Scotl \ nd ) Bill . —On the motion that this hill be read a third time ,

      _ Mr . Mac k enz i e objected to thefur'her progress of the bill at this period ofthe session , and moved to oe the third reading for three mouths . ' ¦ ¦ Mr . Elliot supported the bill . „ 'I * Cmrk . who offered a qualified defence of the Scotch marriage law , opposed it on the ground that it was repugnant to the feelings of the people of Scotland .- ' : J ' i L ° . , A ? vocat ] 3 explained the grounds upon ™} '*« t > 5 and the Roistering Births , &c , ( Scotland ) Bill , which stood for committal . 'hnd been introduced , with lhe view of importing more into

      certainty the la * of marriage ; givingpuMicity to all marriage contracts , and putting astop to Gretnsigreen marriages . Mr . M'Nkill energetically opposed the farther proceeding of ft measure , againgt which all the boroughs in Sctlanil . containing one-third ofthe whole population ofUat cou-tiv , some of the counties , and two general assemblies of the church liad petitioned . For a pevio-1 of three ' years -attempts had been made to pass this and similar bills , arid-hey throughout had lieenmo-t strenuously opposed by the people of Scotland , and now it was to ' be attempted to be thrust down their throats lie admitted that the

      measure contained some good points ; but thee'ijs so much predominated as to justify his giving it his most strenuous opposition . A ¦ 'lengthened debate ensued , and at foil'" o ' clock the House divided , when the motion for a third reading of the bill on Monday next was carried by a niHJority of five only , the numbers being ' seventy three to cixty-einht , a result which was received with loud cheers by the opponents of the measure . Mr . Gladstone expressed a hope after whit was

      now seen to . be the sense of a large portion of the House , and what was known as to the sense of the people of Scotland on . tlio subject , that no further attempt w-uld b ;> made to waste the time of the House by procecdina further with the measure . ' ' Lord J . Russell replied , that after what had taken jilace , he would consider between then arid Thursday what course to pursue . In the meantime , as the motion had been carried , perhaps there would be no objection to reading the bill a third time at once . "

      This proposition was opppsert by Mr . Mackknzir , Mr . Hume , and Lord Lincoln , when the debate was adjourned to Thursday . ' / - ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ ; The- ' . Honse then temporarily adjourned , and resumed ai . six o ' clock , when the Audit nf Railway Ac counts Bill was brought from the Lords and read a first time . / Burials in Towns . —Lord Ashley , in reply to Mr . Mackinnon , stated that there could be no doubt whatever that the ' ' graveyards of the metropolis , and ot hp . v largo towns , were a dangerous evil , and often exercised « a baneful effect upon those living ' hear them . On Saturday morning ; , the Board of'ilesilih had received a report from Bristol fully bearing out that fact . ¦ .. ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦

      Railways and Distressed Unions ( Ireland . )—The House having resolved itself into committee , The Chancellor- of the Exchequer rose fur the purpose of submitting a resolution , that 4 J 500 000 hi {{ i anted to complete the line of railway between Dublin and Gal way ,: tbewliole estimated expense of the line yet to be carried out from Athloneto Gtlwny being £ 800 , 000 . He proposed that " upon the sur / advanced by government interest & ¦ - three and a-half per cent , should be paid , i-payment of the capital sum not to commence before the expiration of ten years , and then to be made by instahnents , these-Rurity for the loan being the wSiolc iine" between Dublin . and Gal way . The money to be advanced in sums not exofeding' .-6100 at a time , no new advance

      to be made until it was shown that the previous advance'hud been fairly expended on the ' works . Fi > r every £ 100 , 000 advanced by government , the company would have to advance .-CGO . OflO , and . it was proposed that ' unless the lino was . completed within t'i « stipulated period of twn years , the governiiient should take possession of the lino and 'dispose of it in the way deemed most expedient . lie was happy in having it in his power to state that there is im . 'increased disposition ' on the part of capitalists to invest money in the particular part ofthe country in Question , ant ! it was only needed to aff > rd such facilities as that now .. p roposed' for more ready' access to the vanoin portions ' of ( he district , and for bringing back tli ? produce to the English markets , to increase this tendency in a greater dcjiree .

      Mr . French , in a speech of statistical details as to the cost and receipts of foreian and British railways , drew ' thfe a'tention of the House to t !* o necessity of % urinit tlie completion of trunk linos tlirougiiout Ivcla'ul , but concluded without submitting any amendment in furtherance i > f tbiit more general object . After speeches from Mr . Goulburn' , Mr . IIi ; mb , Mr . O . Gore .-Mr . Roebuck , Mr . Nkwdegate , Sir H . W . Barron , Mr . O'FLAitKRir , Sir T . D . acland , an hon . Member , Mr . Prewen , Sir L . O'Dribs ,. ' and Mr . IT . IIepbhut , the resolution was agreed to , as was also a second for the advance of . £ 150 , 000 on account of distressed unions in Ireland .

      Poor Relief ( Irelaud ) Bill . —On the question tint this bill be read a third time , clauses were moved by Mi . J O'CoNNiiLL , Mr .. GrBOGA . v , Sir A . Brooke , and Mr . NapH ' R , the discussions and divisions upon which occupied the remainder ofthe night . They were all negatived , aud on the question that the bill do pass , •' :, ' .. > . '" Mr . Stafford-complained that the two first clauses of the bill did not bear out its tide , their object being not so much to amend the poov- ' . aw for Ire land as to introduce perfectly new principles , those of a maximum rate and the rate , in aid . He tuoughb the hon . member for Manchester ought ; to have attended during the passing of the bill , niul that the rig ht hon . baronet the member for Tarn wortli ought to have explained to the committee the details of his plan for regenerating -Ireland , propoiuiilccl earlier in the session . - ....., ¦ ¦ ' - . '

      Mi . Biuqiw replied that he had to plead guilty to the charge of being absent while the measure was under discussion , his chief reason for not desiring to take part in the discussion being that after having sat on the coinniittea , up stairs he was as'much in the dark oil ; the subject , if not more-in the dark than wli n the comiv . ittec comnienced it * sittings . If , then , he had voted on the various clauses , he must have Vi . led in deference to . authority on one side of the House or the other , and under these cn-enmstancc-s he had hot'meddled with the bill in tho House . Had lie been present h <> . should have voted with those who opposed the maximum rate . On the general niies ion of the bill itself he was of opinion

      that tin ; result would ^ e nil , or next to nil , in Ireland . KUbrts should be made by the land ord-: t-f Ireland to withdraw from dependence on those who were employed , vast numbers of those who were unemployed ; and he looked to other measures which ha * d parsed , and were pnssing , as infinitely more calculated to advantage . Ireland , rather than the present bill . lie should be glad to find himself mistaken , and if the WU made puuperism bearable bythe complete emancipation of the soil , he should rejoice at that result , s > nd should only vote for it her cause there seemed to be nothing better fo . propose as a-substitute . : ; . : ¦ . : ; ¦ ¦/ :. ¦¦'' . ; -. - ¦ ' ¦ - .. ¦ :: '¦ - - ; .. ; . ¦;;( The bill then passed . . ¦•' . ¦ . ::. . ¦ : ' ¦ ¦ ,-

      The < tlier . orders of the ,. day . were then disposed of . , Stsveval new bills were brought in , among which wasoneby : ..-- .. ; ¦ : . ! -,- . Sir W . jClay to amend the law . for . . the . registration of certain persons commonly known as " compound hpus ' vhold . ers . ' . ? uiitl to . facilitate the exercise b y such persons of . their right : to vote in- the election ' of borough , members to serve in Parliament . •¦ . - . s The Hquseadjourned at a quarter past one o'clock . : , // ' ; ;; ' y TTJESDAY ; jDir-l 0 . ; . ; " . ;• ' ; : ;! - ¦ ¦;¦ ' . ' ROUSE . ¦ OF lXOIlDS . —River ; ; PiiATE . —Lord . Colchester asked t-heMurquis of Liinsdowne . whethe . r the negotiations for the pacification of tho States on the River . Plate were progressing towards a satisfac . r tory result . '" -.. ' . . :.- : .:,.. " t "• ¦ -. ; . •; -: ;• - : ¦'; : .. '' , ' " , , ^ The Marqids of Laxsdowne expressed his ; confidenfc . hope . that these negotiations lvere in ., su ' cji a state as would lead to a speedy and- satisfactory settlement between Buenos Ayres ' and Monte Video ' . ' "

      ; A f ter aomefurther discussion , in which Lord How-DEy and thei Eari of -Aberdeeii took part , the matter dropt . ; , .- , ' ¦ - ; ' : ' .- . ' . " . ; , :- .. ¦ - .. - ; . '¦'¦ ' . , ' .- ' -. Some other business was then disposed o , | and their lordships adjourned . .-.. ,- . ¦ ¦ - ¦¦ ¦; [ ' "' - nouSE OF COMMOKSi—Juvenile Criminals , —Mr . Milses called , the attention . of the . House , to the treatment' and condition . bf juvenile criminals ,-who were increasing in iiumber every year . Moans , he observed , had 'boon * taken to secure their summary trial : but , after conviction , they were no

      longer treated as children ; they' were associated with other criminals and educated in crime . Parkhurst prison was a penal school , in which the reformatory process -was forgotten ; and it was to : its penal character he attributed the unfitness of-tho lVkhurstbo ^ sibrindeperideniiaction and ibr , usefully serving their country . ' Suggesting an asylum for- criminal youth similarito the ^ Philanthrop ic Institution , ihe sketched oxit a system of treatment , and concluded by pressing ; the subject upon - the attention of the- Home Secretary *'; in wkose hands he left it for the present , nominally moving for leave to bring in a bill .

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      Sir G . Ghey admitted that much might bo done with respect to juvenile criminals whicli would bo less practicable with hardened offenders ; and that it was the duty of the legislature to . keep the reformatory principle in view . In every system of punishment two elements must unite , which' were iipt ' . to be separated—namely , tho deterring'from crime , and the reformation ofthe criminal . * 1 ' arkhurst was a prison not a more school ; the two c ! enicnts were there" combined , anil the effects had been satisfactory ; and had to a great extent realised its object . Ho concurred in ' the encomium passed upon the . Philanthropic Institution , and assurod'Mr . Milnes that the attention , of'the Government had been directed to' the subject ; ho was ready to receive any proposition for the 'improvement of . the existing system , but the question wasa difficult one ; crime must not be made the means of inviting to crime by placing achild in an enviable position

      , After some observations from Mr . Bakkes , Sir J Pakinoton , and Mr .. . Henley , who uiyod Jlr . Milkbs lo lay a bill upon this suliject on tlio table , that gentleman undertook to ' do so before the session closed . ' . f Irish Church . —Mr . Osborsg then moved for a committee ofthe whole House to consider the present state of tho temporalities of the Church of Ireland . He ' began by accusing the Ministers of deserting a subject which ' whilst in opposition was their slosan , or war-cry ; insisting upon its magnitude , and challenging any member to assert that if leg islation upon this subject were commenced deiwvo , iuiulsoriginally provided by the anci-stors of the p . ior Catholic clergy would be bestowed upon ( he rich Protestant minority . Resorting to the ' sacred

      p ; iges" of' Ilaheani , he traced the history of the flppi' 6 pfiatii . h claiise , and dragged- to ' light many declarations of hostility b y the pres > nt First Minister of the Crown and his colleagues agamst . the Irish Church , " whioh they had before 1846 , characterised as 'the groat grievance of Ireland , arid the root of all the discontent iu that fountry . Having thus , as he said , investigated the birth ; ' parentage , " and-abandonment of the Irish Church question , he went back to the history or' the Irish Church' itself , denouncing the ' persecuting spirit and injustice of the legislation by whicli it was fenced : and , conti asting Ireland with Scotland , he asked whether we wero not paying too Jiigh a price for Protestant ascendency in the former . Adopting the definition of a ' church establishment given by

      the present Bishop 6 t London , he denied that thfit of Ireland improved the spiritual and moiul condition ofthe people , " and as to its being a , missiouaiy church , he showed that the proportion of the Catholic to the Protestant ' population '' had increased ; at the same time Ivt condemned the manner in which tile Irisil Soc . ety had employed . the famine as an engine of conversation . He then . expatiated upon . the' enormous endowments of the Irish Church , and the vast sums advanced since the Union— £ 080 , 000 a year being appropriated to it for 800 , 000 Protestants , whilst 7 , 000 , " 000 Catholics had nothing at all . lie maintained , in defiance of the

      iloctrine of the sacredness of Irisli Church property , that there was no analogy between corporate and private property , and he appealed to a ' dictum of Lord Brougham , and to various acts of the Legislature recognising a distinction , between Chuvch pvopet'ty and private properly . Mr . Osboriie de- 'It summnrily witii two remaining objections to interference with the temporalities of'the Irish Churchnamely , that it contravened the fifth article of tho Union , and . that we were in exclusive possession of re . i . ious truths ; and he concluded with a concise devdopementof the plan he intended .. to propose in the committee . - '

      Mr . Moo h e supported the motion , contending th . it the Pi-o ' tfetant Church of Ireland , wbieh was a part , but a diseased aud rotten part , of the Church ' of England , had not fulfilled the great purposes of its mission , and that the legislature , in dealing with its property , would violate no private rights .. lie rupeated at m ' ueli : length , and fortified with additional facts , the arguments of the mover . Sir G . GitEvsaid , that looking at all ths circumstances under , which this motion had been brougiit forward , to its practical efiVcts , and to the ohje « t Mr . Osborne had in view , he was not prepared to go into committee- to consider his plan , and therefore felt justified in voting against his motion , which oiloivd not the slightest approximation to a remedy , which all desired , for the social evils of Ireland : mix ike

      contrary , it mild tend to revive am ? exasperate dormant political disagveemants . Ho also defended himself from the charge of inconsistency ; lie had not changed his opinion upon this question , though he might have expressed that opinion in ' au-^ uage too strong ' ; lie still thought ' nn exclusive i ' ro tcatarit Church ' , establishment in Ireland anomalous Hiid unjustifiable on principle . IJufc Mr . Osbornc ' s plun . did noi touch that grievance ; he proposed to reduce the number of bishops from ten to fivo , but did he propose any endowment of the Roman Catholic clergy ? The yovernniCBt had not abandoned that object ; but the great barrier ivus nut merely the repugnance ofthe pftoyla or England and Scotland , but the avowed and pertinacious opposition of the Roman Catholic hierarchy to every scheme by which-their Church could bo endowed , lie did not concur in the

      broad dictum ot Lord . Brougham ( if his lordship ever gave such an opinion ) , tlsut the property of the Irish Church and the pay of the army stood upon the same footing ; but he did recognise a distinction between church property and private f . ' rop rty , and nurliument liad exercised the right of uVuiiujr . with ' . the forme * . Ue agreed with Mr . Osborne thnt no one would propose such an ; establishment as the Irish Churclicfc iiovo ; bac there was a great difference between the original establishment of snch . 'ui institution and dealing with an institution which had exited for centuries . He should , however , leave ' tho defence of the IrishChurch to those who could baseiCs defence upon grounds lie could not consistently maintain rand , looking at this motion as meant to be an instalment towards the total abolition of the Irish Church , he should meet it with a negative .

      Mr . Roche , in supporting the motion , observed that Sir G . Grey had abandoned the Irish Church , ; md had not viudtaued his own consistency ; and he contended tha » that establishment was upheld ior purposes of patronage , not of religion . Air . G . Hamilton , though lie could not express his . satisfaction at the speech of Sir G . . Grey , rejoia'd at his determination to meet with a direct negative a motion which was calculated to renew thosu aerimom ' ous rel igious dissensions , in Ireland :-. which liad subsided . Mr . Hamilton then entered upon a-

      very full defence of the Irish Church , in the course of which ho showed the pluralities wliich had been reduced ; that the property of the Church , if divided amongst the clergy generally , would give only £ 141 to each ; that by the abolition of all benefices in which thcro-wero no Protestants only £ 1 , 235 would be saved ; and lie accused .-the-statements of the mover generally-of exaggeration . i Mr . IIUME expressed his gratification at the convincing speech of Mr . Osborne ; with which neither Mr . Hamilton nor Sir George Grey had grappled . It was not so much-the ' wealth ofthe Irisli Church

      that was complained pi ,-as tho degradation to tho majority of a nation of being compelled ' to contribute to n . church alien to their nature . Mr . Wood should ' vote for' tho committee simply because it vras a serious question wlmt was to be done with reference to the church of one-eighth of the population of Ireland —; i tiupstion which ought not to be'delayed . Tlio Established Church in that country had never bccn ,-and-could not be , a . national church ; it had only been the church of the Pale , andit had egreg iously failed as a missionary church . At the same time he differed , from the scheme of Mr . Osborne , whose motion aimed at a total abolition of the Irish Churoh . ¦ ' ;

      Mr .-Napiek vindicated the . title of the Irish Church to its property , a s tho leg itimate successor of the early Church of-. Ireland .,- The State liad no claim to that property , which had been the subject of no act of Parliament ; the lloman Catholics of Ireland nrowed thafc : tliej' did not want property , and , no one had shown -that : tho -Irisli .-. Church Lad too -much foivits purposes .-- ¦ ; .-.- > ¦ . Mr . M .-J . O'UosKEW / , ' . though ho voted for the mption i should not support a-proposition for taking away the . property of the / Established- Churchb . *' Ireland ; a reasonable and respectable provision for , tho working clergy ought to be retained ; but there were anomalies in the distribution of . Church : properry and otlier incidents which imperatively called for . i \ u , alteration of the . preseiit- system . . ' -, • ' .,

      . " . 'Mr . Ekyxoi . d ' s made a . rather diverting speech , in favour of ; the motiou '"; ' and af t er a . few words' from Miijor I 3 ERBSFOHD and Mr . John O'Con . nelV and a short ipply from" Mi ^ Osborxe , the House divided , when tWmotion was negatiredby 170 against ; 103 . ' . Mines " anb , Collij ! riks Inspection" BiiL . ~ Mr . TYy / iS movedthc . second reading of this bill . i The rij-h * : hon .. gentleman ( Sir G . Grey ) had ,- , on " a forriibr occasion , ; concoaVd the prmciplc of inspectidai hnd-ho ^ as ' therefore astonished to hear him say in the early part of the . evening that he would oppose this bill , which embraced the' principle of inspection ^ Year after year colliery explosions ; \ yore taking . place , and lives sacrificed ; and , this j year more than 35 per cent , of life had been lost over any that had preceded it . 7 Hear , hear . )' ' I ,. .

      , jSir , C | , Qret understood , from what passed the other day . that it wag the . opinion of the IIouso that itwouldbc inexpedient togoon . with any mawure during the present ; session ., ( llcar . ) ¦ , It woiiitl . he much more convenient to wait , till the-commirtce of the-Lords , ' now fitting ,. reportodi . andi ; till-the inspection of "the principal ' coal districts of England , now : going on , was finished before legislation was attempted . ( Hear , hear . ) -He-must say , he was not . prepared to appoint a head inspector in ' London and twelve inspectors throughout the country , ami to compel the masters not onlv to pay the expense o f th e m a chi n e r y of th e bill , ' but to send iniplans and sections of their works to the chief office ¦ in London . He was not prepared to agree to such a measure as the present ) aiul . ' . therefore , must oppose ¦ ¦

      tho second reading ., - ' . . . nHV' ' : ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦• ' ' . -. ' . - ' - Mr . AaitoNBi was in favour of the socond reading of the bill ; - ' -, . , . ,, •• .-. ' . ; i ;;; Mr , BEnMALhad understood that the hou . member

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      for Finsbury had been content to leave tin : question iu the hands of the government , and he ( Mr , Uernal ) saw no use in the lion , member for Bodinin pressing the second reading of the bill . . . Mr . AYvli ) consideved the inspection which tho right hon . gentleman had appointed was w-r . ie than uveiess . lhe , two gentteutcn whom Ue l \ ii < ( nominatcrt were no doubt men of great geolooieai ability , but their knowledge was merel y theoretical and confined to the strata of the earth , ami was not of a practical nature . Tlio importan ce of t' -. e subject coulil not be ueinedlhe risk

      . of tlio loss of life to which the working men in mines were exposed was much greater than . that which the soldier ran when engaged in the battle field , or when vnoimtinga battery ; and not being satisfied with the course wliich the right hon . gentleman liad taken , he should certainly divide the Ifouse . * ' ¦ Strangers were ordered to withdraw , but the bill was finally negatived without a division . ; The other orders and motions having been disposed of , the House adjourned at half-past one o ' clock . .

      WEDNESDAY ,-July 11 . HOU S E OF C O M M ON S . —The House met afc ' 12 o ' c ' ock . . . PBKATION OF PARLIAMENTS BlLL . —Mr . D'EYJi " coOUT moved the second reading of this bill , . ¦ , Mr . S . A . oair said that he saw co objec-yui ^ o tho House affirming the principle of the meabuV-s , ? hich . would have the effect of shortening the duration o £ pai'lianionts . It would introduce no novaity , hut would simply be a reverting back to tbe i-ki state of the constitution previous to the passing of Ihs Scp-i tennial Act . lie trusted thnt in-the-course of the

      next session soine mensurcs would be introduced for a greater extension of the political rights o ; fin ; people of both England and Ireland . Upon thepivsentoccision he hoped that ths government would i . otmeet the bill by a direct negative , but that , notwithstanding the late period of the session , and the difficulty of carrying' tbe measure successfully throiuih . both Houses , they would consent to affirm the principle of the bill on its second reading . Sir G . Grey said that he did not coiuidcr tbat there was any feeliug of dissatisfaction existing throughout the country with respect to thr- duration of parliament . The speech of his noble friend at the head of the Government , . , xvhen this snbjsct was before the House , had not yet been answered by anyhonourable member , and he considered tha arguments then used as conclusive against the bill . With respect to tlva bill itsolf , he thought it would Lava

      been desirable to bave . stated the term to which it was proposed to reduce tha duration of parliament . If it were proposed to reduce it to five years , he thought that that practically would be no reduction oftlie present duration of Parliament , for , upon an avera g e , the Jast six parliaments had nots-ai : so long a period as that . A reduction to three yeavs would , he thought , on the other hand , be attended with the greatest possible inconvenience , on account of .-the admission of new members , who would-naturally be unaccustomed to the routine of public business . He considered thai public opinion was tnosfc biiDuficially exercised over honourable m « nibers under the present duration of parliaments , and trusted that Vic House would not consent to the further progress of the bill . The right honourable baronet concluded by moving that the bill be read a second lime that ' day three months .

      Mr . Gibson thought that a sufficient answer was to be found to the speech of the noble lord at lhe head of the government in the division which t > ok place immediately after its delivery , when , notwithstanding the arguments of the noble lord , the House , decided by a majority that the bill should be brought in . The House having so decided , and the bill being then before them , he thought hon . members would not ba treating the proceedings of this House with respect if they declined calmly to discuss the bill with a due reference to its importance . ( Hear . ) The division upon the motion for leave to bring in rhe bill was not , as had been said . a . mere accident . It arose from the fact of many lion , members being : reluctant to record their deliberate votes against I lie ' extension of popular right * .. Will respect to tho bill itself , he

      believed that a shoriening of the duration of Parliaments would be a very wholesome check iipon the pro .-etdiugs of members of that House . There were far stronger leasons in the present day foe shortening the duration of Parliament * than i \ wsted in former times , owing to the great increase oi ' the , power of the executive government and the extensive patronage verted in them . A groat portion of that power was of comparatively recent growth , and tiffordsd the government the means , by . giving them a pull at the treasury / of corruplii . g and ' influencing lion , members to an enormous extent ; and unless they were prepared to-consider members of I'arli ' jBetii : as angels of purity , arid exempt iioiu the infirmities of the . rest of mankind , common sense would tell them thai , thare ought to be frequent ap »

      peals to the pcopta on the part of members o ! Parliament , in order to enable them to express tiieir opinions upon the discharge of the legislative duties of their representatives . The system of givinv pledges un the hustings , which wa * somewhat humi'ifitiiig to the candidate , was one which had its source in the present long duration of Parliaments ; for it « u » only co be expected , while the government possessed 5 so larjje an amount of corruption t ; nd influence in then hands , and the member , when once elected , held his seat for so long a period , that this , system of pledging would be required by the great body of the electors . TliB present bill simply piopoied io repral tiie Septennial Act . By passiug it , they would at once come under tbe operation of tbe Triennial Ac ; . It was really the ea icst bill to pass that had ever been

      brought into t hat Uouss , and was just adapted to the present late penod ofthe session . ( Hear . ) The rea-. ons for passing tho Septennial Act had nowpassed away , and there was no reason on earth why they should not return to tlw system oi' Triennial Parliaments . ( Hear , hear . ) Ho cautioned hon . members opposite not to make incoiuiderate pledges on the subject of reforms of this nature By making pledges of tbat kind with . respect ¦ to the corn laws , they had completely broken up the great Conservative party of this country . These reform questions were now beginning to assume the character which the repeal of the corn laws liad assumed ; they were gradually fermenting throughout the . country ; and the moment hun . members opposite resumed pnver in this country , that moment , these

      reform questions would present themselves to them ia rather a formidable aspect . There was no doubt but that in c : iur » e of time the great Conservative party w ould bs called u p on , to take the reins of power in this country ; and he cautioned them not to come into power ' pledged against all . reform's vntliresuect to the eoissti-mion of that House ; if they did so , they ini ^ ht depend upon it there would inevicably be some great quarrel and split among them similar to diatwlroh took place on tho question of the repeal of the coin laws . It wan not to be supposvd that in a proaressive country like England ,. the great , question of the representation of the people could be considered as finally settled . Under , these circumstances he should give -his most covdi-il support to t ' ue second reading of the bill .. ( Hear , hear . ) - . -.

      Mr . UicuN'AL protested against / the m . ' . uner in which tha right hon . gentleman . attempted to bring the members of that House into contempt with the people , by iuiputin ! : to t !» em that they regulated their conduct ; with reference to the distribution of Trca < ury puh-ont ' . yc . He denied most emphatically thst tlievo \ vn ? aiiyjustice in this charge . As to the p . nipo ition for triennial parliaments , it was a proposition to which ho had always been favourable , and which he would moss readily support when it was accompanied by other measures of a practical nature , such as the ballot and an extension of tbe suffrage , tending , not only to cleanse out what had been termed the Augean st « ble of tbat llouse , but to purity the constituencies out of dooiv , and , among other reforms , to : free . : hcm from . those temptations to whicli . at every election they ¦ were now subjected . ;' -. < ¦ ;• : ¦ :: ;¦'' .: . ; : ¦ -.

      . , ,, Mr , Homk observed that there . was much that was true in whac had /' alien from his hon . friend-who had just sat down ; but he . could have wishvd that his i- n . friend the member for Deyonpprt had been in . his place , or some forme ? Secvpiary-, of the Treasury , as he did not tiiint that his lion , friend , was , quite wise in makins the general-denial , wIv . cIlhe had otfercd to the corrupting iufluuice . of the . Treasury . Considering-wlmt they allkneWjhetb . ottgUt- * V' hon . friend hiid laid down top broad a-general rule respecting the conduct of jroembers , of Parliament . His hnn . friend had said that shortening the duration of Parliaments alone would not dp , and ; that , means ought to bo taken to improve tho . constituencies . His hon . friead was surely aware that various means hud-. been proposed for that purpose . It ; ha _ d . been

      • proposed to increase the number ol" electors , to . introduce vote by ballot , and to shorten . the duration ot Parlianients .-. iBut-when-he- >( Mr . ; . ; Hunie ) : , iirsposeil these three measures , he did . npt . succeed ¦ in : gett \ ns the ; yote of his ; hon < fr . iend .. ; ( Hear , . ^ ear . ) One gentleman , might , say ;; . that -he , wpuW ipMty for e xtens i on , ' of- ; the . suffrage , . ( fbafc ; . 'not : fcr the (/ allot ; -another would vote , for the ballot , Jmt not for an extension of < the siiffragc ; . . . . while a a third . wo . uldbe f : ivourablp . to , quadreimial ,, ljut not to triennial ' . Parliaments .,:.: lie , believed-that , this was alia pretence , ' anditfiat th 6 y . were only desirous Of evailing-the wmtm altogether ,, If a - cumulative motion were tried , they . wore . told -bjr , his honourable frinn ' ii . t . h ' nt thev wero ' attempting , too much ; U a

      - sinrie motion was brought forward ; tliey . we > 'e told that it wainot enough . ,, ; Uo-. beg ^ qd . ; to apueal to her Maiesty ' s government , who had . grofegsedthem * selves advoeates .. pf ; PVOgre . 3 s ve i f orp s , For the l a st two years ,: jtipwe . yer ,-. tlioy .- . . had . been standing still and bad made no -effoi't-to . carry reform further than it had be ' eu carried-in 1832 . He must say that'he could , not , consistently with . Ms '¦ v iew ' s , continue to support , a ' < government ; . which , refu sed all kinds of reform ,, ( HeJuy tear . ) , ' Thoy ' would be much better off . with any . . othergpvernment . hecause then they would ; have , a . re ' gjilaiv opposition to demand-such measures " as the : country ,-.: required ; but a t pre s ent-t h o . ' Merids , bfreformt fere supnptfjnff * " « non-reformingVparty ^ ¦ -iWfi * F- )^ -M . lord ( Lord J . Jlussell ) r wnose . absence Aft-Sffr ^ y had said that it was ilbsira hlc to extend t&o sut

      Km^Riai Parliament.

      Km ^ riai parliament .

      Untitled Article

      As Asciest Goose . —On Sunday last Sir . TV . Inrnai , of Braceborough , experienced a death of a sinotilar nature—no less than the death of a favourite soose which had bcea . on the premisos at Bracef orbu"h for sixty j ears , and prior to that had been { nthe ^ ossession of Mr . John Smith , of Deeping St . jimes ^ forfortv vears . The Mrd was consequen t l y SreM-soldat ' his demise . Mr . Turmll iutenUs iavin" the skin stuifcd and preserved as a relic of ^ JSS ^ GirfiiSS ^ swasMSStsrisaw

      reddest , and luve commissioned the « r ^«^" d ^) P , at-Devonport , forthepui-posc . £ «* && she mil be ready to leave England by the 2 Gt& inst . ' for Tangier , toemharkthe 1 ' rincesofMorocco , and ¦ after she has conreved them to Mecca , and , ftacK again to Morocco , will join Sir'W .-PaTker ' s sqaadrqn . forpermanent service in the ^^ Mediterranean . —United Service Gazette . - Fishehies and the Foiieigners . —In consequence of the coniplainis jnadejast year , of the encroach--. jnent of foreigners on onrfishing grounds , the Board rof Trade iare conferred on the Tsiioas officers of gthe Scotch Fishery Board powers to search-and rseizeany vesselfiahinsrwithin tbe limits proscribed J > y treaty . — -BanMir € ~ Jo « rzaL

      Untitled Article

      July V , 1849 . . THE NORTHERN STAR . . ;; 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 14, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1530/page/7/