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'TO " THE ENGLISH PEOPLE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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. jlr Fbibjjds , r taris , Wednesday . I write to you now from the hot-bed of excitement ; and wlutlhavelearned here , has tyag &iaitiM tcaSa . of my old maxun , ^' - ' -Tba $ the folly of to-day may be the wisdom of the B orrow "—as I have gathered the feet from l ^ ing men here , that the greatest difficulty against which the veritable Republicans of Paris have to contend , is the suppression of ^ olenee- The thinking mai of progress see A e road -to ' Tidaory , if the thoughtless will
« jh ! 16 Hj of today is tiie wisdom of ( ba monaw . "
^ jy abstainfronipreinature violence—a course trl ich ajone ^ d secure the tyrant ' s conquest jphedectionof . EcQESE Sue has done more to alarm the " SPECIAL CONSTABLE " and Ms staff ,- than any occurrarea ? that has £ aken place since the RevolatHja ^ HMt perjjaps you may be able to'form ^^^^ otion of jhe constitution—or rather construction—of the present Assembly , when I tell you that ] jare gone there every day , ' in the hope of get-£ ng a ticket of admission , but was told that I # mld notnow get admission without paying fiom thirty , to forty francs—that is , from
£ i 4 s . 2 d . to £ 1 13 s . 4 d . ; and all this in . consequence of the excitement which now exists throughout Paris . I haTe always before jiad free admission to the Assembl y on mere app lication . The streets are full of soldiers , . and a Cabinet Council , as it is called , is held everyday : while the "SPECIAL CONSTABLE'S PALACE" is surrounded with troops frommbrningtill night , and from night till morning . On my retorc- ^ and when I make my tour—I will haveirio small pride in explaining to my old friends how the veritable leadera of . -FRENCH : DEMOCEACX- * & now adopting my old policy of leading the
people by wisdom—and not by folly . The opiuion of the best informed is , that , ere long , a . rupture will take place between England . and France , and then you will' see how the noble Lord Jobs will yield to the sonnd judgm ent of the sound English people . The Na-, ticnal Assembly , as it is called , is doubly guarded—in fact , the place more resembles a luge gaol than a House of Commons . The soldiers here are to be constantl y seen walking arm and arm with the working men ; and nothing is more dreaded than the attachment of ihe army to the veritableRepublican principles . ' , ' ..., ' .-
This is Wednesday vwhen I now write , and I shall be in my place in the SHOW-BOX on Friday—where I ever have , and I trust < ever shall—faithfully represent your order . Ever your Faithful Friend and Representative , Feargus O'Coxxoe .
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MRS . FUSSELL . Chartists : It is our duty to apprise you that 3 frs . Fussell , vrifpof John Fussell , now suffering impr isonment in Tothill Fields House of Correction , for advocating your cause , is in imminent pecuniary difficulties . Knowing this fact , -a few friends have formed themselves into a -Committee ,- who beg us to announce to those who have hearts to feel for suffering humanity , fhat they have taken the Standard Theatre for the Bekeett of Mbs . Fussell and Family , for "Wednesday Evening , " May 29 , 1850 , when an Entertainment will be presented and supported by a host of talent .
We trust that this notice will be responded to in sjich a manner , as at once to relieve Mrs . Fussell from her pressing difficulties , and to give the assurance that the people are not ungraiefhl , nor unmindful of the sufferings of her husband in the cause of political progress .
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SCOTTISH CHARTIST CONVENTION . TO THE CHARTISTS OF SCOTLAND . Feliow-Couxtrymes , —We feel it a duty incumbent upon us to address you at the present momentous , and -interest ing era of our movement . There never was a time when it "was more necessary to throw off that- apathy which has hitherto paralysed the efforts of the staunch advocates of the People ' s Charter , both in and out of Parliament , and emboldened the Premier ( Lard John Russell , ) to resist the demand for popular right , and falsely representing the people as being satisfied , and not wanting reform . The circumstances impending over our country , behove us to rouse the ¦ dormant energies of the masses , fortheobtainment of then * social and political rights .
The movement is gathering once more in the mightiness of its majesty , stronger in its intellectual aspect in the eyes of all classes of -society . Reformers of all shades are besieging the strongholds of corruption , and , if we be but true to ourselves , the contest cannot long be doubtful ; and , sooner or later , the superstructure , which is based on the ruin and misery of . the proletarian classes , must fall . The victims of Whig spies and informers are emerging from their dungeons , apparently -with increased ardour and affection for the principles of political justice ; their zeal whetted more keenly , and with resolves fixed mere ' than ever to stick to the old banner . The
movement promises soon to become as vigorous as any in the history of Britain , demonstrating tiie utter impossibility of arresting the inarch of Democracy , even amid the fire of persecution . Brothers , many of you know to what a condition tens of thousands have been reduced ; ^ v ast number are now sunk into the lowest -depths ^ of deSpair , hj poverty , degradation , -and crime . The statistics of the public press hear ample testimony to the fact , that the condition of the labouring classes is becoming worse every year . The . labourer , on . account -of repeated redactions , has been obliged to part with every comfort ; his very means of subsistence have been forced down to the
starvation point ; a false , ' selfish , unnatural , and grasping theory of political economy has vitiated our entire system ; the poison of its in * fluence is difiused throughout all the ramifications of society . Capital , instead of being ¦ subservient to Lahour , which created it , has become its tyrant and master . Such is the ¦ condition of the free labourer of Britain , that we hear the slavery abolitionists telling the plantersof America , that free labour must and "will become cheaper than that of their slaves . Will Scotchmen remain quiescent when England is on the move ? What ! will you f ay a tribute of respect to the names and
memories of a Palmer and a Muir , and not struggle to perpetuate the motives and the principles by which jfchey were actuated ? What t do you not hear that Erin ' s sons are making their voi ces echo as one through the trumpetof democracy ? Once again / we ask you u you are prepared for such a fete as thewhite slaveholder offhis country tells the black daveholderof America isyours ? Areye content , all ye who have assisted in raising this country to ihe highest pitch of wealth and commercial grandeur , to pine in hopeless ¦ wretchedness ? If you are , hug your chains , and overpowering toil and endless privations is what you will have to endure .
As you , the fathers of the rising generation , are exhausting your physical energies , so your progeny will become more Weak and imbecile in the same ratio . Tour children are sad now , but they will be sadder as their lives lengthen . If you are d& termined to remain in a state of apathy , until dass legislation has finished its deadly work , you will have a double amount of misery and R estitution to bequeath to your offspring . « nst itbetb £ irlotthu 8 toBun % r ? Never ! it 18 the ordination of heaven , that man should ««» Ms bread by the sweat of his brow ; the « ror is , that you have to sweat for others iri-*»« of yourselves . Ia accordance-with these . ^ to , we have resolved to hold , a general
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Confererence of delegates froni all parts of Scotlaud , on the 10 th of June , fir the purpose of devising sacb measures | vs are deemed necessary » r carrying into e ^ scpne better organisation of the masses in Scotland . . " : .. ' . .,. - We call upon yon , byafl-that is noble in reason ; by all that is sublime in philanthropy : posterity calls forth to you ; and justice pointB out the way . We implore you to join with us , heart , hand , and head ; for we believe that we have all power , if we had but the will , to make our co untry what she ought to be" . . Confererencft nf ^ ?„ , ^ _ ,,: - -
«• . '¦ - " - —" great , gloridp a , and free , . First flower of the earth , and first gem ofthe sea . " Oeo . Bremner , Secretary ; James Camming , ' ' f alter Pringle , . Alexander M'DouaU , John , Gowan , Andrew ; . iKpbert , James Banner , Edinburgh : ^" avid WrigTr tV Corresponding Secretary-George Smart ; Secretary ; John M'Millan , Chairman , ; William Fowlea , ' Treasurer . * ; Aberdeen : John M'Crae , Peter Gray > J . M'Intosh , Dundee ;; Duncan Syrrington / iHend . ¦ j ^ M ^^ w ^^ m >' . . ' . ¦ ¦> . ¦¦ / ' ¦ . ' . . . ... . - :. -x ' 'ii
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THE VICTIMS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . ' Dear Sir—I have much pleasure in stating , that on Saturday last Edward Scadding , one of the victims of the " Powell Plot , ' was liberated from the House of Correction , Tothill Fields ; / and that on Monday last Robert Crowe , convicted of sedition , was also released from the same prison . Extemely regretting that our esteemed and patriotic friends , Ernest Jones and John Fussell , and also Thomas Jones , were not at the same time freed from their long and gloomy confinement , . .. lam , - Truly and fraternally yours , John Abhott-14 , Southampton-street , Strand , May 23 .
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GKAND WHITSUNTIDE CHARTIST HOLIDAY . EXCURSION TO GRAVESEND AND KENTISH DEMONSTRATION , On Tuesday morning , May the 21 st , at a quarter past . eight , ; humlreds of good and true Democrats might have been seen wending their way to-London Bridge , determined to leave the loom , shuttle , bench , last , and desk for at least twelve hours , and enjoy the refreshing air , of Essex and . Kent , and the breezes of " Old Father Thames , " by joining the Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association in an Excursion to
Gravesend . That elegant and commodious steam-boat the Gem , was moored off Fresh Wharf , and on the arrival of the Provisional Committee , headed by Messrs . G . J . Harney , Reynolds , &c , it was greeted with hearty plaudits of Ayelcome . The moorings being loosened , at nine o ' clock \? e found euraelves gilding down the pool , amidst a forest of masts , Walter . Cox's brass band playing the enlivening strains , " Thedays we went a Gypsying a long time ago , " &c , ever .-and anon being recognised and greeted by- some friendly tar
each pier adding to our numbers , until the Gem could take no more ; and presenting as respectable and animated a freight as ever the " Great Metropolis " furnished , or f i Whitsua holidays " " sent forth . Woolwicffii now past / the Essex marshes and Kentish hills present a most striking and picturesque contrast , the passengers of the Gem struck up that soulinspiring Hymn , " The Marsellaise . " The Town Pier being at length reached , and the disembarkation having taken place , amidst the hearty cheers of the bystanders ,
The procession was formed four a breast . The Provisional Committee at the head , the band in front playing " The Marsellaise . " The procession extended from the pier to the Wortham-rbad . The spacious grounds of the Bat and Ball Tavern being reached , the company separated—some to visit Windmill-hill , and admire Rosherville , whilst others engaged at an exhilarating game of cricket , base ball , and other recreations . At one o'clock , the large Club Room was laid . out with an excel lent cold collation , embracing great variety and suiting every taste .
The dinner was served up in good style ; and after the tables were cleared , Mr . T . Brown sang " The Marsellaise , " - the whole audience joining in chorus . 'A collection was then made for ihe German and Polish refugees , and £ 1 10 s . was collected , and handed ever to Mr . Lahgenschwarz , for presentation to the Committee in Greek-street , Soho . The waiters likewise learned that Chartists can be generous as well as just ; and the various raijs , boats , and roads , having brought a large acquisition of democratic strength from Rochester , Stroud , Chatham , Sheerness , Tunbr idge , Tunbridge-wells , Gr eenwich , Woolwich , Maidstone , &c , &e . : v The Grand Demonstration was formed in
an immense field , at the back of the Tavern . We have heard the numbers present variously estimated at seven , eight , and nine thousand ; and at three o'clock precisely , Mr . John Randall , a resident of the town , was unanimously called to the chair , amidst loud cheers . The Chairman said , they had assembled to consider matters of a very serious nature , and he trusted they would meet with
that calm deliberation their merits so justly entitled them too ; the people of this country toiled long and hard , and were grieved to see the products of their industry lavished on the idle , the useless , and the dissolute . He trusted they would give a fair hearing to all who might present themselves to their notice , and doubtless a remedy would be pointed out for the grievous ills which now oppressed them . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . Cr . W . M . Reynolds was announced to move the resolution as follows , amidst an enthusiastic burst of applause : — " That this meeting is of opinion that the People ' s Charter is only valuable aa a meanB to accomplish such Social Reforms as shall place so much of the materialsof the earthinthepossessionof the people as shall enable the producer to retain a full share of the product of his own industry . "—Mr . Reynolds said , it gave him great pleasure to known that Chartism had at length reached Gravesend . The authorities and magnates ofthe town were alarmed at theirDemonstration , and feared that ssx . emeu . te would take place ; hut he wished them to know that the Chartists depended on reason and intelligence
to make then * beneficient pr inciples paramount . The first great principle in the People ' s Charter was universal suffrage , and he reall y could not understand upon -what principle the few in any country made laws to bind the many or why those who produced the necessaries and luxuries of life , and contributed to all the taxes and other impost , should be excluded from the rights of citizengbip . ( Loud cheers . ) Was it right that one class should say to another : you are slaves , , we possess power , and -will retain it in spite of you ; and he was quite at a loss to understand upon what principle thu was done . He knew that the mass of the people had been declared ignorant , but he believed that it was tieirpractical intelligence that was feared ;
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and he believed , , if univ ^ snlfcagftprevailcaf the working people wouia > r ^ arfa ^ &lamen . t . men who woold - amend ' financial ^ iKi ! a ^ not allow any ; . Royal Family ¦ to « Sdill ™ Ui ° nflte # mgi 6 fi nS ^^ alth ^ ofl cheers ^ Was it : not monstrous that ^ Gw ? man Pnnce , ^ simply .. because he was a : rich Q ^ s husband , should ^ have ? given : hiui 30 , 000 ! . * year , besides M ; pay % Field " ^ S I & > '& > - ' * thattHeKinfbfHabbve ' r ; S ** ^ 0 P 07 .. ieria - nnu |^ latthe of was ^^^ ^ ^^^ , y ^ -j ., ; ^ . ^ p ^ , -. . . , -m
puke Cambridge—a wealth y ^ manl ^ simpl ^ ^ ^^ a mad King's ^ should iS also 27 . 00 W . per annum ; that ^ -tlu ^ % ukeff shouloVenjoy enoi ^ ouspensidnsSfi no other ground-than that they descended Lfiom , Royal Mistresses , ( loud cheers ) ; . thaUhe 1 Church of England—as it was called ^ but . which -was- in reality only the Churchof a ^ ec t- shouldsWalwupiwelve pillions ; pfer ; annuni ? ' ( Great ^ f mg ) - ^ as , it prudent or wise to expeej that the House of Commons ; which re ^ r ^ s ^ B P ^ . ^ ouldreformitself ? : No § Ae «^^ y ^ hich ^ reai ^^
• wm ^ mm ^^ universal sufirage prevail they would h $ ve " a Wooty-democracy ; " bu ^ ie boldly pointed to Frjince , and said , ther ^ niyersal so& ^ ge ' p ^ va ^ s , but . its first iffecfc was to jfutdown : ate political scaffold , . and allow the ; tyraits ^ o escape , to exhibit to the worldj . ' a , nationls forbearance , and the humanity dlan all powerful and triumphant democracy . ( Applause . ) . But , whereyer . a reaction had taken place , the people had heed made to feel a tyrant ' s vengeance , thus shoAving thaWt iwas
in the breasts ofthe so-called upper classes in which bloody instincts reigned . ( Cheers . ) Secondly , the Charter demanded' the ballot to protect the voters in thfeexeveise . of their electoral franchise , and to prevent them being driven to Jhe poll like sheep to the slaughter ! The next principle was annual parliaments ; and these were necessaryj otherwise , ; men would go into this ! House with one set of pr inciples and , come out . with , another . ( Hoar , hear . ) Short reckoniags were well calculated to keep people virtuous . Neither would'these of themselves be sumcient , as to ' insure true
representation of all classes it was necessary that the horny handed mechanic should be admitted to the House , as it was . the producer only that could understand labours wants and labour ' s interest , —( Cheers)—ienee , the properly qualification' must be . abolished , and members be paid for their services . ( Hear , hear . ) : Again , they must have the electoral districts equalised : for how absurd was it , to find the petty constituency of Harwich exercising as much parliamentary influence as the great borough of the | T 6 wer Hamlets , with . its monster population ; or . a small division of
Northamptonshire , with the great West Riding of Yorkshire . ( Cheers . ) As regarded the property qualification , Mr . Richard Cobden now had property , and was supposed to possess the intellect to fit him ' for a repreeentative ; but take away Ms property , and let his mental qualification remain , and then he would be told , notwithstanding ; thai be iwas no longer fitted for a representative . " ( Hear , hear . ) Did not this clearly show the gross humbug and absurdity of property qualifications ? ( Cheers . ) Thp aristocracy of a neighbouring county had shown that thev admired
Umveraal : ; . S : u % ^ their mterest f but when " the ^ men of . ' Eranco sent then * real representatives to the Assembly , of course Universal Sufirage must be put down ; but they had tasted the weels of electoral power , and would rather yield up their lives than the rights , of citizenship . ( Great cheers . ) The men who had convened this magnificent gathering to day were the Chartists of the metropolis , who were not the ambitious turbulent demagogues they had been represented to be , but men of peace , who desired rights , liberties , and privileges for all . Chartism should yet penetrate : into every village , hamlet , and town of this country , and England become great , glorious , and free ,
through the mind of Chartism . The Charter is simply the means to . an end , and will , when properly applied , work such a mora ^ and social revolution , as would permit the bees to consume the honey they produce ; or , in other words , make the people to produce , consume , and enjoy . ( Great cheering . ) This was the Chartists first visitto Gravesend ; but it should not be the last . He had now to entreat them to form a locality , elect their local officers , and elect members in the National Charter Association . It was necessary that the people should be organized and prepared for coming events . He trusted they would press onwards in the good cause , neither staying or going back , until their ' efforts ' were crowned with success . ( Great cheering . ) "
Mr . Julian Harney came forward to second the resolution , and was greeted with prolonged cheering , and said , amongst Politic al and Social Reformers the name of Ernest Jones was pre-eminent . ( Loud cheers . ) A memorial had been adopted at a public meeting , praying for the liberation of their suffering friend , andothers who were incarcerated for their adr vocacy of popular rights . That memorial had been transmitted to Sir G . Grey . He ( Mr . Harney ) wished them to understand that if Sir G . Grey was-not personally present amongst the Chartists at Gravesend he was
represented by letter . ( Laughter . ) Mr . Harney here read a letter signed ^ Waddington , " which simply said he was desired by Sir G . " Grey to acknowledge the receipt of the memorial . This to them seemed a laughable document , but it was not so to Ernest Jones , who had nearly sacrificed his lifein their oause . ( Hear , hear . ) When the people petitioned or memorialised , such empty vague letters wereall the satisfaction tbey received ; which he ( Mr . Harney ) took to mean— " You may save yourselves the trouble of putting pen to paper , as we ( your rulers ) look upon petitionin g as a farce . " And . so it was a
farce , unless backed up by the omnipotent strength ofthe people . ( Hear , hear . ) Anew " dodge" had been recently played offto stay political movements , both here and on the continent . He alluded to the withdrawal of the French Ambassador . He could not pretend to say which government was most in the wrong— -ho knew that . neitherwere ever ' . inthe right . ( Laughter and cheers . ) In his : soul , he believed the French government was playing this move off to distract tne French' people ' s attention from the conspiracy to destroy Universal Suffrage . In France , at present between nine and ten millions of persons possessed the elective franchise ; but , should the new bUl eyer become law—that is to sav , if a new revolution did not sweep bothlawand law makers to the devil —( Cheers : )—it . would
disfranchise at least one-half the present electors . A very pretty way , truly , to " regulate" universal " suffrage , ! Ah ' , universal , suffrage was very good so long as it elected aristocrats , money-mongers , and man-monkies , like Louis Napoleon —( loud cheers)—but immediately the people turned it to their own account- ^ then , of course , it . must he destroyed . ( Hear hear . ) He cordially seconded'the call made by Mr . Eeynolds , and . truflted they would become members of the Association . Let no man stand aloof , saying— "My standing out can . make . no difference ^' because , if each hrick did so , he would like to know What would become of the building ! ( Cheers . ) Lord Brougham had , in the House of Lords , maligned the noble refugees . He had o > Bounced them as crapulous conspirators ; but he ( Mr . Harney ) flung back the iasult . Sore hewas , that if the people of England were polled , the vast majority would vote that Brougham ' s pension should be applied to the support of the brave and good men Mi W reoeg ^ b had calumniated
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3 ! & ^ Wish ^ dple . would . have . mo - War ISd ^ io ^ fTO " 'K * ^^ ovgh ^ they ^ ould S&S ^ ^^ * a :: holyi war sfM'Mywts of every , description , and' : for the ^ Stfe ^^^^/ Wpfe of Li £ r ^ ^ MS & ™ i Fraternity . ' ( Great cheering . ) j ¦;¦/'' : th ^ lri ^ V ' ^ V *^ Mr .-fl arhey had alluded to "'^ -i ateB > . dodge , '? and-tewas quite right in his ittStfw *^ A . wwagairiatfrancecowldnotexist ; wS ^ Sf *? ; a « agitationrft 8 would shake the ^ g . 8 wm # eir ; paces ,. ; The-people ; of England wafe ^ - ^ another-thifeVuiionB ^ SSiLf ^ tp koepl 1 up . gjlded tbysarid u ^ ^^ - ^^^•^^• i ^ J ^ waa'thejflrsli 2 Sf ^^ Gravesena , 4 n ' d-the ^ brpork ^^ %$$ & $ S ^ state or alaVin ^ ( Loiid ' cHe ' ers ^ ^ id
j ^^ press hbtrepreseiifcrthb ^ eople / -I TKe . S' ^ sept e 4 ' 8 tOoki i 6 bber 8 ' ^ f ! 5 \ $ * s £ ^ . er ' ' X or ^ pfi , the ^ Tap , Tub , o ; whi 6 h WtK ^ ffiRr - ¦ ' ? 9 nwm . WM ; ma , iitly supported Sd ^ fe ^^ ' ^^^ against ^ e ^ ebpie , bu bi ^^ ^ ^^ the ^ eopl ^ whosupportea g »«^ -tO i 8 e ^ . m ^ il ^ id ^^^ fer SSiife ; ^ Al % gfc j ^ CMr . ' Cdviiy ' waktf S 5 $ W ^^ et ^ 'teld ' th ¥ principleoffta ? 3 ^ # Wl ^ mo ^ ats ^ n ; 0 i | mattertfe S&l ^ ^^ PaiHed ^ iminuoKCtb learn ^^^^ i > ^^ geesin ^ Londbrii ? wao ; ha ( 5 ^^ w ^^^^ to and , ^ hoped'hfeMm ^ iiW ^ M ffi hearts of otheva ; ' who had the % ieans of d ^ E ™ S MT" ° * told that ; they hadnBfeatan
> r contmential deriibcracy / 'forit was impossible ithat democracy could prevail anywhere without the English people -being r largel y beneBted . ' . ( Loud cheers . ) , He , m « ommon ; with \ Messrs . ; rReyiiolda and Harney , trusted that , despite all lactibus cliques or parties , they would march ohwiird in the good cause . of democraoy uiitirvictbry crowned their efforts dotermmedl y vesolvejd to leav ' e the world better than they round itr- ( Applause ;) ?; r : ' ¦ ¦ ¦> Mr . OuEM . said the'lMt time he addressed hia brother democrats was in 1848 ; and , for givinavent to his feelings on : that occasion , - ho had suffered twenty months imprisonment , from which he was just liberated ; . ( llear ,, hear . ) . Yet he still stood
forward a firm and . determined advocate of the principles of . the People ' sCharter and he was dbtermened to continue his advocacy until such time as the People a Charter became the law ofthe Land . ( Loud cheers . ) Those princi ples were good-, arid he appealed to them—would' they join theNational CharterrAssociation I ( Ci-iesof "Yes , yea ^ 'V He \ vaa no revolutioniat , but , ; rather . than live a slave , he would risk his all , even life itself , in an endeavour to obtain freedom—although just liberated from the prison , hia / Chartist aspirations were' as strong as ever . ( Great cheering . ) . . ' :- - ¦ The resolution was then pufc , and carried unanimously .
On the motion of Messrs . - Buown- ' and Bezeb , a vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , who briefly acknowledged the . compliment .:: , . Three cheers ; loud and long , were then given for the Charter , and the meeting being ' at an end , the people bctopk themselves ' to their amusements until six o ' clock , when the trumpet sounded ; and the procession was formed , and walked in the same order as on coming ; through the town down-to the pier ; the work of embarkation went ' rapidly oil until half-past six , when the "Gem ? ' left GraveaemL' ¦ . ; .:.. .. ' , ..-., . „ v .. .. i .. ... . . ' . ¦ ... i
The party on board : gaYe three cheers for the Charter , which wasi . hearjjly ; resppn ' ded t 6 " from the shore , ; and we found , qursely ^ s making rapid way towards the metrbpolis ; ! Dn arriving at Greenwich pier , about fifty persona alighted , ' and « -i band from the shore- saluted - us witli , the ^ - ' "Marseillaise , " which was respited to by Cox ' a brass : Wd on board , amidst . ythe most , hearty cheering for the People ' s Charter . . The nierryaong was now kept up until fresh water pjer wa 8 ; ae ; ain reached , where the passengers safely landedj all having enioyed a rich treat . ¦ . '¦ ' ! . ! '"¦ : •¦ ' ¦ ' '• ¦ ¦ ' " "
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' CO-OPERATION . TO THE CO-OPE RATORS OF NOTTINGHAM . My Friends , —During a short stay in yourtown , and passih ^ . through one bf your streets , ' ( the name of which I / have forgot , ) my eye ' 'caught a glance of a paper in a window which stated the premises were occupied as a Co-Operative Labour , and Provision Stored It was' natural foi me , ' being myself a cb-bperator , to go in and make some inquiries bf the atorekeeper about thepririciples of the company and the objects in . yiew'for establiahihg it ; To my great delight , I found that the parties did not commence the concern aa ; a money-making affair , as they hadfar . higher objects . in view , their intentions
being- . to provide themselves with ' good food and clothing , arid to sell , to the public at reasonable profits ; but their chief object bein g to carry out the Co-Operative Labour Question , by employing theirmembera at their own trades , and ao keep for theirjown use the prbftts Which ' . fill the long purses of the different grades of ' moheymbngers who live an 4 fatten bni the labour of their felfow-breaturea . So far my conversation with the ' storekeeper was of a pleasing character ; but when I asked now many members have you ? his answer surprised xijej LeaB than thirty , was his reply . Andwhen I . learnt ' that the Bbarea were only ' , five , shillings each , I could not believe I was in the pemooratic town of Nottingham , where Chartism was proclaimed with such eclat in
the election of Mr . O'Connor to Parliament . Only thirty men , practical co-operatista , out of a population of 50 , 000 , in the most Democratic town in England , was an anomaly that I could not . understand . Working-men of Nottingham , do not allow this noble . attempt of a' few good men to better your condition want that assistance which you are bound by your principles ; to . give . . The foundera of this store Have a ri g ht to expect your co-operation in their undertaking ., If each co-operator would take a share , and brin ^ . only a portion df his custom to the shop , tho m'bhts would soon enable the members to test the Labour Question , as the aharea' can be paid by small installments , there can be no excuse on theground of . poverty . If a straneer should judge tff the Democracy'bf your town by the conversation in coffee-houses and ale-houses , he would thibk you
were Democrat ?; but if ms . opinion ia formedby your neglect of this Store ' , ' and your neglect of the , Working-Men ' s Schools and Nows-rooms connected with it , nb . cotild not come to the same conclusion . Had I been fortunate enough to liave obtained employment in Nottingham , I should have been one in your cbrnpany " of co-operatorsi' The indwidvial ' Bystem must , bf . necesaity , ilwaya . produce tyrants and slaveB ; a wealthy , and a poormiserable class ; but co-operation , if , carried out , ¦ wbul ^ provide' every one with . plenty ., Let the triie Democrats of Nottingham ; io a miin , rally round' this Labour and Provision Company ; and if the committee , storekeeper ; or other officers , are' not > suitable for their business , join the society and elect fresh ones , but do not let ai good thihg'flag or'faU , ' whefa , aB Democrats , you have a right to support it . ;' , ' Yours truly , ' "' : .:.... . 'A YoRKsuiRB Tailor- on Tramp .
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BRITISH . COLLEGE QF HEALTH * .- ¦ ' - ¦ • ¦¦ Nkw-road ,,, Losdon . ... : " ¦ , ; -. ¦ ; ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ TO = THE FINANCIAL ^ loCIAL REFORMERS THROUGHOUT GREAT BRITAIN : ; ; Feuow-Cohmjcrtmen , —Prove , as most easily ; you can , how the doctors have lor ages cheated the people on the question oi their health , and all th . e reforms that you demand muse follow ; and that , too , in quick succession .- The dishonesty of the medical body can be most easily , established . \ ..-.,. ; . ; We are , Fellow-Countrymen , • >>; . Your 8 . in the cause oi Salutary Reforms , ¦ .- . The MKMBEKa of iue BamsH College Aprmith , 18 S 0 . i ;; ., . ^ of Health . :
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The Arctic SKARCHiKaExiPBpiiioN . —On Tueaday a parliamentary paper was printed containing an estimate of the Bums required to provide for the expenses on account of the Arotio searching expeditions under thb ' cpramands of Captain Austin and Captain Perry . ' 'The wages , to seamen and -marines are estimated at' £ 21 , 181 ; for viotuals for the same , £ 8 , 480 ; , naval , stores , &e :, £ 5 , 400 ; medioines and medical storeB , £ 550 ; and miscellaneous services , 48 , 368 ; making the sum of £ 33 , 929 . The supple * mentairy ' estimate of the royal navy for the current y ear amounts > a tba > boW to 4 S 8 ; 292 ;
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* -: ^ -rMINER ^^ Im 3 ^ 0 ; ME ^ TIl * iGf . ; ¦ - ;¦'' ; ' ;; . : A : poblic -open aip-meetiisigjof tjwmioersof Wigan ^ . was held-k . tfie-OMiard of the Horse and Jobfeev Inri ^ op Monday last , foythe ; pivrpose of petitioning tiie- House of Commons to pass a law enforcing ^ better ' yeritilaM ^ and lnspectibirbfmines . Miv David Swallbwjwas ! called'totHe chair jaod ' . the meeting ' was-ably addvesBed byMessrs ; ^ BanieBs , -M . Jude , ^' . Lwtbn- W . Kelsey , di-c . ; A ; petiMpn ; to ^ ne House , of . Commons .. was UBaniindusly agreed-to . , After the ^ puWic ' nieeiing , ' &M ] e ' - gate meeting of one from each pit ' > in the ; Wi i gati district , was held at the ' Hprfle . and Jockey ^ nn , and . a most excellent spirit of , ; union ' was displayed . ;; ,-. -: : ' ¦ ., * . . ' ¦ ¦ : '" . ¦ ' '
• , >; THE CONEERENCE :. "¦ . ' . "'""' • [ Was held afc ^ thelargevroom , Horse and ; i& ^ ilf ^ SkW ^^^ Miiy ^ bihi . loop ,- and'f pllowingdays . ' : . . .. ; 5 Bf *!^^ R esident ; William Dan ^ lls , ^^ g ^^^ loVing districts ' ^ eve ^ ^»^^^^ pi > 3 M ^ p » r Mip ^ : ^ on . ; ; , Pembertjm " tdwa ^ Watkldbtv ^ Oldhara , . William Else ; Bradford , Cliarles Winstanl y Ashton , John Lloyd . A sbcietv called «« The Oldham Miners' . Frier i ' dly Societ y , '? was represented by Thomas . Harrison . 'Yorkshire , by ; letter . - Several ¦¦ resolutions were' passed' for the guidance ' of the conference . - ¦'• ¦¦ ¦¦' .: ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . \ ...: .
" . - ' ¦ ¦; : . objects . - ' ¦ - The general association being only for general purposes hat r JT ^
_ . A , , vote of . thanks . was given to Charles Cplwell , Es ^ -, for his services generally to the Miners of . areat Britain . After the number of organized Miners were given in , the conference adjourned , the delegates being , required to address a public open air meeting .
: ' ; : ; " " . . •¦ TUESDAY . ¦ - ; The conference assembled this morning at nine , o ' clock , when the Secretary called over the na ' mes . of the delegates , and read over the resolutions passed yesterday , which were confirmed , after which the following Preamble of the General Laws was agreed to : — "
• • ' - - . . PREAMBLE . ^ hat tothe . warfare of classes may safely be ascribed all the en s which in the shape of poverty , misery , and starvation , afflnts the working classes of this couhtrj-, is so apparent and so obvious , that ho successful contradiction need be , apprehended therefrom . ¦ ' rThc miners of every disti-ict . have ample and sorrowful cxpenenco of-the truth of the above statement andits effects ; even when locally felt , are ofjsuch mapnitude and extent as to surprise , and alarm those parties accustomed to reflect upon the ultimateresults which the absence or union ana concert among the working miners must viisurCi - . ¦ . ' . ''• - ¦
; It is therefore intended to raise ; the standard of aNatioual Union among the miners of this country , and to bring about a general and correct feeling among that useful body of men ; to erase tha bickering , the hatred , and the jealousy which has so long prevailed , and to create ' a healthy harmony of action and a . brotherly feeling of duty to each other ; both locally arid ' general , the association having for its object the elevation and improvement of tho working . colUer . ; . to procure for Mm ' a more- healthy and safe atmosphere to work in ; to shorten the lioiirs . df labour ; to dimmish the excessive toil ; and to obtain , the best possible remuneration for the labour ofthe miner To effect which purposes , the following General Laws were passed by a National Conference of Miners , held at the M 9 n £ i « i i }' ,, San ' lancasWre , on Monday , May 20 th , 1850 , and following days ; and to be generally confirmed at next conference , and then to become laws for the government of the Miners' National Association .
The following General Laws were then passed :- — l . —That all miners joining this association , shall become subject to the rules and provisions legally . and constitutionall y made and adopted by tho proper authorised parties , as stated in a subsequent rule ( see rule 2 nd ) and shall faithfully adhere to tho same , and assist in promulgating and extending the benevolent objects of the society to all his brother miners and fellow-wbrkmeni ; ' ¦
2 . —That all rules and regulations ^ shall receive the sanction ofthe representatives of the mineys of , each district in conference ) assembled , and shall be adopted , by the ballot ( any delegate , having power to demand the' same on any question before the conference ) of the majority : so , represented , who shall : have , paid their levies due at the meeting of such conference . Also , all officers shall be chosen by ballot , if more than one person be nominated to any office . The conference to decide , all motions for altering the rates of wages , and for limiting the hours of labour by the same plan . . . ¦¦ •';" -- " .- ' ¦¦' . ¦•"¦ : ¦ : - .. . ,
' 3 . —iThat when any ' question of importance has been decided by the conference , the manner bf voting by each delegate shall be recorded , together with the numbers given in , so that each , constituency , may see the way in which their delegates vote . , ; '
APTBRKOOS SITTING . . The delegates re-assembled at two o ' clock , and the . folio wing laws were passed : — 4 . — -That each county bear tho expense of its own organisation and choose their own lecturers and agents , the general society lending assistance when requested , and to be repaid all such monies expended thereon by a small enrolment fee , to be paid when the miners of the district set down their names and become members of the union . Application to be made to the general secretary , and he to lay the same before the conference , who alone shall have power to expend any money for that purpose : < but mall cases where a district forward cash to the treasurer , an efficient agent to be sent , who shall labour among them , so long as money can be raised to meet the expenses incurred ; all above which
shall go to the tunas of the district . - ; 5 . —That each organised county , so far as thoy can , assist to organise their neighbouring counties , and that the delegates attending tho next conference come prepared to decide whether the objects of ibis law shall be extended , ( i . e . to pay agents from ajreneral Board ) and a levy laid to carry it out . 6 . —That there be a council of threo appointed to cany out the rules and regulations adopted by conference , consisting of president , treasurer , and secretary , one of whom to be a perambulating lecturer , to visit and organise districts , and to return to meet the executive council when any important business is to be transacted ; the other two also to visit districts when not otherwise engaged . Next conference'to elect and fix the wages of the above Officers ^ ' ¦ ¦ •¦<¦' : ¦• ' ' ¦' - . . ¦¦ : ¦ : ' .-. ¦ ¦ :.
7 . —That this conference appoints three corresponding secretaries , one for Northumberland and Durham , one for Lancashire and Cheshire , and one for , Staffordshire , who shall correspond with the several mining districts and the public press , on the subject of the Miners' National Union ; one of these to be appointed as chief corresponding secretary in whom all correspondence shall centre , and who shall act in concert with the other two upon all important matters in relation thereto . Each county board to grant them a proper pecuniary consideration lor . that purpose . That Martin Jude be corresponding secretary for Northumberland and Durham ; Charles Meadowcroft for Lancashire : and William Kel 8 ey for North and South Staffordshire ; and who are only to hold office till next conference . ; £ he conference here adjourned .
, . . , WEDNESDAY . The conference met this morning at nine e ' clook , when the roll was oallcd and the minutes tf the previous day were read by the aeoretary r it was then resolved that all the rules and regulations passed by conference shall be printed in the minutes , also the preamble , in order , to give satisfaction to our constituents . ; ' ¦ -v . ¦ ''•'¦ . Y" ¦'• . ., Resohed that a petition be drawn up to the
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House of CToromons for the better , ventilation and inspection of mines , and signed by the delegates . ' Two letters were here read , one from Messrs . tt . ¦ -. < & ¦ # B" >? , n and . Anty .. conjointly , of Yorkshire , the . '' other ( a copy of which ) had been aeht to Sir-George Grpy . ;;; both o , f wh | ch gave great satiafactiori . ' The following' general laws were " then passed : — 8 . —That this ; confererice resolve thit the various mining , counties forwaril to the next conference one penny per ; niember ' to nieet the'liabilities thereof , and to' form ' ^ the ndcw / s of . the general fund . Tha n . swplus , when ' all liiibiHties ; arp paidi ' to be handed A . over to ! the general treasurer . ' ; -,-r Mi j \^ y . ^ Theconference to-constitute a courtuof ap- ^ s . peal an , aH ;; eases ! ofcgeneral import ; upon' which ^ K \ there may be a difference of opinioirbetween ; a » y of H We , members ,- or wherethff generallaws have beea Vk V jniun geaor wrontrlvnnA * iJr « AA . *;«* nil A , mo *; ,. «« A . 3
'S"f *? $ ° ? 7- ^ ^ ea » nbt be fairly de ^ \ . © Sealiffi / OI « o ^ 8 hall ber / fiBal : ^ n all case ? ^ tbbKu « nf ^ ' ab 0 V 9 ^^> 'tiesi <> 8 >" ° S ? v ^ & £ @ 5 gg $ nn : % ) lQ .-rThat districts may exchangeleeiurer-s . and , ^ ft ^ by mutual agreement , to ' bear , the eiS ' of the ; ^ same ; each Tourer , so desired to . eW , ge ; -to be . JJ' ' informed of the relative wages ; and other matters V' " eonnectedtherewith , ' before such change is , made : ^ bud thisconference resolve that to fa « ilitate such ' \ exchange of . lecturers the wages of lecturers ho ; v ^ - uniform ; ,:. / . . ; : :- .: ; ,: ? ¦ ,:. 0 . ¦ :.. '; ; ,: ; ? . j ' \ k l ; l > -7 That tho next . conference , behola on , Mon- ¦ A ^ day , August , 19 th ,. 1850 , at 7 Newcastle-upon-T yne * , \ S Every . Conference 'to ' appoint where and when the ¦ ^ subsequent conference shall bo held .: ' Coflfefences I
to beheld' hv every district or county in rotation ; \ j where two or more have equal merit , the ' qubstioft Sh ' allbe : decided by bivllot ; r-: ' : . r ^ : * - ) i , yl 2 . ~ TJiat in order to diminish the expense : of con * - ¦ ferences commehsm-ate with the welfare&q& safety ;• ,-, of t tne association ,, every organised cpuntyv shall v ' : '! i '* ^ pt be allowedtp . send more than one delegate for ' T % every ^ 00 , meii . bers , •; b . u ^ t that . ' a county ' ih ; ihe in- ¦ ' " * , f . , ? y , bf ; its organisation may / send b ' n ' e ^ i ' t ' ^ eing "" : ^^»! fe t ? 8 pfet ; each aocality pa'ytife bwS- - :. ¦ WpT ^ a ^ Wsp ^ eleiaatives } « - ¦ ^ ^ 1 W ' ^' . > ¦ ' ^¦ XL ^^^^^ i ^^ t ^ K ^ W- ¦ ' . ' ' ,
, ; xne ^ oweren - ee nteFanwb' 0 * oldcl , ^ i % hehW . was Tesplyed ;^« ThSttlfet ; ioth-Cr&-biutlSCW ^ Vjifb gramme , followthepreamble in the nifnutes . ' and be . called objects . ' That the 11 th rulo on tho programme bedispensed with ; as its spirit has already been entertained by this conference . . ' . '¦ ' .-, ¦
. .. The following rules were then passed : — ' ' ( ThatconferehcoS take up airgues tions-frbln the counties or districts , ' bearing upon ' the gbneral affairs of the association ; suchquestionsHo be sent to the general socretary one month previous to the conference meeting ; the same : to Reprinted arid form a programme of business for conferenq ^ , one copy to be forwarded to eacli lodge or cqlliei ^ that their votes may be taUen tliereon , arid . jin ' stnietiona given to their delegates . in accbrdaneb ' tiiefewith , before they go to conference . ) "'" .. " 13 . —That the national nssbeiation , takono < fogn £ - zanee of strikes , nor encourage them in any ' way ; u u ' n case any county , or portion- of a county , shall have been obliged . to cease work , legally , ac >
cordmg to county regulutions , then ( the . general se- ¦ cretary shall do all in his po \ yer , . by , writing and distributing handbills , persuading , the / other " uuners not to come pearuntil such" affair- is settljed , and the workmen all employed again at the placoAvhera they were on strike , or in tho rreighbourhbod : 14 ; --That at each cpvifer ' ehce 'meeting ' tlie-1 ) ook 3 of the association shall ¦ be : audited , and ififound :: ¦ . correct , to be signed a § such With the : names of . ' : ^ the auditors . attached ; any discrepancies to be made % - > good , cr otherwise accounted for , at . tho time . ' The ' . ! vV ^ secretary to have the books poste ' diiipat the . nieet- . V- . ' S ^ f ing of the conference , and to produce vouchers for . ¦ ¦ ' ^¦ f ^ - - ' all monies paid away , and a proper receipt bo ' given , ' ¦ : * »^' for all monies received from the districts or Otherwise . " ''• : ¦ : ¦¦ ¦ ' : ;¦; . '•;¦ / :. \ The Conference then adjourned , 'to . allow tho delggatp 8 to address meetings at' lliudley , Blackrod , ¦ 4 b . "' ,... , : ; . ..
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THE IRISH : DEMOCRATIC : - ; ; ' MOVEMliNT . ' =-. c- ^ . ; In addition to numerous other meetiiigs reported ia last Saturday ' s Irishman , tliereis an account of a . .. ; . GREAT MEETING OF THE TIPPERARY DEMOCRATS AT CARRICKOX-SUIR . The reporter observes : —Whether we regard tho numbers , the determination , and the enthusiasm of the mass attending the meeting , or the earnestness , the truth , and the eloquence of tho speakers , wo look upon it as a blessed itrdicatioii of a people ' s moral and intellectual progress , which startles and terrifies our enemies , and rekindles the-faitjh and ove of every friend of Irish nationality and ' nnnul . ir
liberty , riie police authorities ,. ' usvjslfcias thwr Irish allies , . the interested knaves , andincurablo slaves—some of whom are to be found in tiii 3 Jiei <* hbourhood-employed the most ; strenuous awf systematic exertions to make the meeting a failure . Tho placards announcing the meeting were torn off the walls by the police , and reports were industriously circulated that the place of meeting would be occupied by the military during the whole of Sunday . The vast multitude , whoso thundering cheers ( the royal salute of tho sovereign , people ) ,, greeted the ; , preachers of Democracy on the grcen _ of Carrick * attests the ignominious failure pi ; ¦ thojse ' -shutiby ex& pedients to prevent the authoritative ' expression of the public voice in favour of the Irish Democratic Association . ¦
¦ An additional police force was stationed lin the town for a . few days previous to the day of mcetin " , and the troops wore confined to barracks during the entire of the day , ' ready to act at a . moment ' a warning . . ¦ ' The town was crowded' with people during the aay , and the different roads leading to " the" place of meeting were thronged with the population-of the neighbouring counties wending' their way to the centreof attraction . There passed the Tipperary peasant , with his elastic gait andlaughing . ere—the wild mountaineer of Coimeragh , whose . ' bold" front , farm step , and erect figure , showed the , fearless nurseling of nature—and the " girls of Kilkenny , " with their rich raven curls , their love-darting eyes , and their modest graceful figures . The platform , which was decorated with green boughs , was erected on tho fair-green , where a view
might be obtained of a large portion of the rich valley extending from the county of Waterford mountains to Slieyenamon , and of one of those grand ranges of Irish mountains which awe and elevate the soul of the beholder , and which fix upon this English province the indelible features of nationality . -.. ¦ ¦ -. At half-past two the number of persons assembled on the green was estimated , by experienced observers on the platform , to bo -at least ten thousand . ihe interest and excitement , which were preserved up to the latest ins tant of the proceedings , were intense . We have never . witnessed greater enthusiasm in the palmiest days of agitation . The crowd wa 9 actually wedged together ; and when hand ' s wera called . up for the resolutions , the pressureiwasso great that none could be lifted unless ' those , on tha outskirts of the meeting . . ¦'¦ ¦¦/ , ¦ -.
This meeting had astonished and confounded the enemies of Democracy in this locality , for they remarked , with dismay , the Mrible earneunest with which the spbakers enunciated the boldest arid most telling truths , and the- vehement desire of'liberty which prompted tho people to obey the summons of a few men without name or rank ; because those men laid down a manl y policy , esohewed slavery and begging agitation ' s , and pointed out the ancient , honoured , and speedy method by which oppression has been dashed , to the ground in ' all ages and countries . . °
We understand that many were deterrey from attending the meeting by the shameful intimidation practised b y the neighbouring landlords , some of whom . ( Mr . Stewart and Lord Bessborough ) placed their creatures upon the roada leading to ( Jarricfe , with directions to take down tho names of is many of their "human stock" as dare " to- disobey them , lnere were several police-constables scattered through the crowd , ono or two of whom took notes . i no resident magistrate and sub-inspector of police were also present ; and Head-Constable Orrhovered like an unquiet spirit on the outskirts . ' lhero were deputations present from Kilkenny , tork , Callan ; and delegaie 3 frcm Clonmel and Waterford arrived duriug the meeting . They were received with great enthusiasm , especiall y the Kilkenny men . There was a great deal of disappointment expressed at the absence of the Dublin / gentlemen who had been invited : "¦ ¦ ' ¦ '•
Mr . Thomas Fitzpatrick was called to the chair , and the meeting was addressed by Mr . Graham , of . Kilkenny , Mr . J . Hall , from Cork . Mr : - . Joseph . O'Grady , Mr . P . Maokey , of Kilkenny , and ; others . The speeches—particularly of the two last-named gentlemen—were most eloquent and soul-stirring . The following significant and excellent resolutions wero unanimously adopted : — " That the Irish Democratio Association possesses the-confidence of this meeting ; and that we ' place the utmost reliance on the principles of self-respect and personal independence , which i hat body inoul .
catea asmeans of achieving the regeneration of our OOuntry . " ' ?' That as the people form the lione and sinew of a popular organisation , they also posessth ' e brain , and strength necessary to conductitto trwniph . n d therefore wight never to resign into the ta&Vof a mvements ! " '" ° ^ COntro 1 of W * ° ™ iZ « Si ° " ^ P ] . ifo in laDd « a »»« PaoSg |/ ' w ^ * ™ * ° «» . &uttrof Mi ' ' ; ¦ ' ¦ -- ' : ¦ . . ¦ :. ,: . , ¦; .. .. ; . >; .- !; *•; . { . . . *; - , v .. : ¦ "' : ' • ; . ¦• . ¦ ¦ : ! .--: s- ;; .:. ' ;) ¦ ¦ ¦ ..-. ¦
'To " The English People.
'TO " THE ENGLISH PEOPLE .
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• .:-.. ,. ,, < ? . , :: -- ¦ -: ¦ " . . . - " POLITICAL - ' OFFENDERS . " The following letter has been received in answer to-the-memorial ^ ately ^ addtessedr . tp ^ Sir ; George Grey , adopted at a" publio ^ . meeting : lield in the John » -BtreetInstitution : — '¦/¦ ' . ¦'¦ ' . ' .. -., L c ' - T j- ' V , ' -: ' Whitehall , May 18 th , Sra —I an » directed by Secretary Sir George Grey to acknowledge the reeeipt of your letter of the l « h inst ., trans , nutting a petition in behalf of political offenders . ' lam , Sir , ¦ „' .. ¦ " ' tour obedient eervaut , "" m ^ S A ^ ott < . - c H ' Waddwgtok . . U , Southampton-street , Strand .
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. ;¦¦ / ^ jjf ;'' : ¦ : : ; WsSIJmm ^ ^^^ '• - ¦'¦" ' ¦ . :. v - i--. - „ i" » Tirv ' " - % ,-t- V * " r i if # "v « i" - ^^ i ^ " rjri'ii '^ . ^ Sfsi ;;;;¦?; ¦ ' ' ? . ¦ n , ; - ' ^ ' l < ir- 'S . ' '" . \ 'V . " ' '' j '"" ' - '/ : ! J fe ' - ' " i '¦ : ; - ' - ; : ; " ' ' ( y t ; : ' , s }¦ ¦ ¦ :. < . ; . .. ' . ;\ I ¦ , ¦ - ¦ <; > : ^ B ^ mmm - m Km ^ immi ^ . ¦ - - ¦ - ¦ ¦ ^ ^^^^^ . i ^ iiy ^ -M . U-M . ¦ ll . \»/ il ^ J > -I ; . l - ^/ l-8-i ; ji » -.,. ^ - ! .,. ; .. . ,. ; - ;' --n ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ 0 ¦
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' ¦ UflT "STTTI « TA ' A * m ¦ ' -- •'• " " . ' ^ ' ' 77 . '' TV ^ ^—~ " —^—~ ' "' ¦ . ' •¦ — ¦ : .. « — ¦ , ; ¦ :: . ¦ . ; igkffiJ ^? - .. ^ mWmm mmmsbm ^ ^^ - ^^ mimmmi sm ^ ¦ ' ^'"^ ' - ' # ^ gg ^ i ^?^ ., ! ¦ •" ¦ , ¦ ' ¦ - . 'FirV 8 WIHii ^ a ^; 8 / ipetto - | ierQnawei . rj ^ -rm : .. , a - - — - - •¦^¦ - •¦ -- ^ -. ¦¦ : ^ ,-.- >^ -- ¦ ¦ , ,,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 25, 1850, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1575/page/1/
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