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pprentices they send oat , and provides legal jwers and means for prosecuting persons bo may be guilty of ill-using these unhappy ad desolate Pariahs of our anti-social Bygan . In the Peers , Lord Brougham has in-¦ odnced a Bill for Extending the Jurisdiction f County Courts to a degree that , if it ever asses into a law , will make it one of the iost valuable law reforms ever effected in this ountry . An immense amount of business pprenticea they send oa ^ and provides legal
ow confined to the Conrts of Banltrnptcy , ronld be transferred to the cheap and sumaary jurisdiction of the Connty Courts , with stensive powers of arbitration and reconcilenent Lord Brougham laid great stress upon be courts of reconcilement " ' as means which n France , Denmark , and Hamburgh , had argely diminished litigation . We fear that rill not recommend the measure to the sym-) athy and support of thelawyere in the Lower [ louse , if it ever reaches them .
HOME 2 JEWS . . These affer Vnfc few topics for comment this r « 5 r . The indnstrial disturbance created by ilr . Labouchbbb ' s Mercantile Seamen's Act suot yet quieted . At Liverpool , and in the Metropolis , the mariners are actively at work nth the view of obtaining its complete repeal ; md should they fail , we should not be sur-• rised to see a general strike of all the sailors a the port of London . Sarah Chbesbsiak , whoso celebrity as a > oisoner by arsenic has been long known to [ ewspaper readers , has been convicted at last , jet loose by the verdict of successive juries , to tnrsue her murderous career , and having earned from the medical witnesses in the
nurse of their examination , more scientific nodes of administering arsenic , she tried her land upon her husband . This time , however , dther the endence was more conclusive , or the ary not so tender in conscience , and bo ibe is to be strangled at last In prison , it is said , she is quite cool and collected . Her deneanour was the same during , and at the slose of her trial . At the same court another nurderer received sentence of death , for the j owardly and brutal murder of a young iroman whom he had seduced , and who was » n the eve of her confinement . He is utterly
prostrate , passion had not hardened into sysgmatic crime , yet the law awards the same punishment to the hardened systematic destroyer of lives , young and old — and the jroung man who—ignorantly and passionately —sought to cover an error by the commission of a crime . Surely in these matters we might be a little more discriminating . Calcrafx is not the ne plus idtra of human wisdom and legislation . A trial in the Court of Chancery has attracted considerable attention within the last fow days , and at the time we write is not decided . Itis an action to restrain the trans fer of £ 7 , 000 to the names of certain trustees , among whom is Cardinal Wiseman . The allegation is , that a Roman Catholic
surgeon , priest , and barrister—all of them previously unknown to an old Frenchman fastened upon him in his dying hours ; and that the priest , under threat of refusing him the last offices of the Church , forced from him a bequest and deed of attorney , by which he gave the bulk of his hard-earned and carefully s hoarded savings to endow a female school in Somer ' s Town . The leading facts are not denied , — and the queerest part of the story is , that after the deeds were got and the money secured , the old man was left to die without *« the Spiritual Consolation , '' which was to have been the quid pro guo . ' Surely he had paid dear enough for it , whether voluntarily orcompulsorily !
The seamen of the Port of London are now out on strike . An adjourned meeting was held on Monday , at the Temperance Hall , Itatcliffe , when the promised answer from the Board of Trade , on the new Mercantile Marine Act , was read , and was unanimously voted unsatisfactory . The Kefageea who landed last week at Liverpool have been offered £ 8 each by the Government , if they will emigrate to America , lord D . Siuabt , General Polzski , and other
influential persons are in favour of the emigration scheme . Other friends , however , allege that the British Government , by this course , is serving the Absolutist party on the continent , whose policy it is that the Poles should be carried off as far as possible . The Eefugees believe this , and are desirous of staying in England . By the last account received , we find that the Committee h ? d given the men two days to decide on their future course .
The men have decided upon remaining in England ; in consequence of which the Government have withdrawn their bonus , and the result will be , that the poor Refugees will be thrown upon the support of those who sympathise with this brave but unfortunate body of men . A case of great brutality will be found in oar Police reports . Two Irishmen—O ' Leabt
and SumvAX—had been , drinking together , and qnarrelled . Soixivau is a very old man , and a labourer , and his assailant is a young maH of the same calling . Boring their quarrel Sullivan bit off the lip of his companies , and dropped it in the gutter : it has not been found . The Magisteate justly stigmatised the brutality of the case , but was at a loss how to decide . Had the knife been used the
costs of the prosecution would have been paid by the county , but as the case stands , the costs must be paid by . the prosecutor , and as he happens to be a poor labourer , that is impossible . The Magistrate could summarily convict , but after viewing the case in all its enormity , ho resolved on committing the miscreant for trial , and the poor labourer is bound over to prosecute . This is another case showing the necessity for a public prosecutor . t celebration of the anniversary of the German Revolution at the Freemasons' Hall , ^ asoneofthe most magnificent and striking uemoustrations of the kind which we have
6 ee in the Metropolis . The spacious and Magnificent hall was crowded in every corner , and at the cross and head tables sat men whose i truing , talents , and patriotism have made * beir names distinguished in every part of the * orld , —heroes , whosetrue greatness will only be discovered in its full proportions and dimensions , by succeeding generations . The audience was worthy of such noble orators as "lose who addressed it . Every patriotic and Raited sentiment , every aspiration for free ^ Stations , every pledge that they would fitraggl ^ despite all difficulties , to win them * Or fatherland and for the world , met with a
^ touUaneous and thrilling response . The ^ eption of Mazzini was one of the most ^ straordinary "we ever witnessed . The whole ^ altitude rose en masse , and the plaudits were prolonged andenthnsiastic ; the speech was lis-• BKtlto with the reverencedueto anApostleof freedom , or only interrupted for a moment by ^ epressible applause , and at its conclusion " * applause was protracted and overwhel of
^"" g- The appearance such men as 1 iOxge , Keskel , Stows , and others among ^> martyrs in the good cause , but bearing « emselves bravdy and hopefully amidst all " *» Wals and difficulties ; the zeal with Jtocathe banished disciples of Free Institutes cling to their creed , contrast—not at all a * "antageousl y — with the luke-warm and ^ Pathetic conduct of Enslish Reformers .
** w 4 that it shamed them into following the ^^ ple ! Onethingis certain—with such men j'SSpotism hasno chance of triump h in the ?? 1 run . We now understand why the iinies , ' like the rats , has deserted the sink-^ 2 ship of dynastic tyranny .
FOREIGN . -he family feuds which separate tbe older f * * younger branches of the Bourbon family , a e been mad © tug theme of comment by the
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quidnuncs of the French Press , intheiibsenee of more important matter . A reconciliation , ' it is aaid , is farther off than ever ; and the mere announcement that Count Chambord is coming to the Exhibition in May , has induced the OrleanistB to fly from their retreat at Uaremont to Belgium , Naples , Portugal , and Uermany—anywhere , to be out of the reach of their "beloved" royal relative . May not the unwillingness to face the foreigners who will swarm here in a short time have something to do with this scattering of the exroyal family ? As to Lotos Napoleon , he quidnuncs of the FrencTpress , in the ^ eneej
w still served by his extra Parliamentary Ministry , who are in constant hot water with the Assembly , and , as yet , there is as little appearance of his getting a regularly-constituted Parliamentary Administration as we have of getting rid of Lord John Russell and the Incapables . Business is deplorably dull—stocks low—distrust and discontent general . The country is drifting fast to bankruptcy . Conspiracies are said to ramify throughout the provinces—emeuteshave broken out in several places , and the sole reliance is physical force . The sword is the sceptre of the so-called French Republic .
The German question is still obscured with negotiations and explanations that lead to nothing nor explain nothing . If any definite result can be gathered from the cloud of rumours , it is that Austria has been checkmated —that her Dresden Conference has proved an ntter failure , and that the royal conspirators will either fall back on the old Diet , or the ghost of that at Frankfort . The country bristles with armies in every direction , as if
here , too , brute force was the only sheet anchor of the ruling classes . The whole of the Austrian Empireis in a very unsettled and unsatisfactory condition . Hungary is ready to use the first favourable opportunity . Mazzini ' s agents are actively and successfully at work in Italy , and keep old Radetskx in a state of constant fever and fury . Everywhere the despots and their agents are sowing dragon ' s teeth—ere long , of course , to spring up armed men . Even the " Times " sees that
a bloody and desperate struggle is approaching ! produced by it 3 protigees , and its backing out of the melee before blows are actually exchanged , so that with some show of truth , it may exclaim , — " Thou cans't say that I did it . "
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob the Week Ekdisg Thursday , March 13 th , 1851 . FOR THE HONESTY FUND . BECQVED BT T . BIDES . £ s . a . Xonrich , per J . Collins .. .. 0 1 10 J A few Friends , St . Martin's-at Oak , per U . Self 0 3 104 A few Working Men , Bamsley , per S . Shepherd 0 2 3 ' J . Southern , M'Kee ' s Port Allegana County , North America ( certificate ) .. .. 3 18 0 From Clitheroe— W . Britch .. .. 0 0 3 R . Porter .. .. .. 003 It . F . Entwistle .. .. 006 £ i 7 0
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WmDniG-UP OF , THE MB COMPANY . BECaTED BT W . BIDEE . £ S . d . G . "Wishart , Prejfonholme .. .. 0 10 Norwich , per J . Collins .. .. 014 3 2 » ottiiigham , per J . Sweet .. .. 046 From Markinch—A . Walker .. .. 010 A . Speed .. .. .. 010 Kirkcaldy Branch , per W . Hepburn .. 0 10 o Oldhara , per J . Lord .. .. 033 J . neeks , Brighton .. .. 010 £ 1 15 6 R-Moor .. ~ .. 0 0 6 » - J"PP .. .. .. 006 C . Denney .. .. .. 006 T . Tootte .. .. .. 006 J . Foster .. .. .. 006 G . Oarrison .. .. .. 009 W . llarnson .. .. .. 009 Atfiton-under-Lyne .. .. 10 6 0 Brighton , per Feast , B . Bias .. .. 0 0 6 F . Parkinson .. .. .. 006 B . Parkinson .. .. .. 0 0 6 C-Parkinson .. .. .. 006 A . W . Parkinson .: .. .. 006 J . Norman .. .. .. 006 J . Neeass .. .. .. 006 Mr . Kendnck .. .. .. 010 0 Clitl » eroe , perIi . EntwUtte .. , # o 19 0 J . Barker , Lynn .. .. 0 10
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NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received by Jons Assart . —Woreeeter , per J . Harding 7 s ( this item was included in the total , and was omitted by mistake iast week )—Edinburgh , per H . B . Kay Ss—Oram Is—Collected at York-street , Westminster £ 1 2 s 3 d—B . J . Kearney , Pimlico Is—Messrs . Wright and Tanner ditto Is —East London Locality , per Mr . Vickers 8 s—Limehouse and llatcl ' raV . locality , per Mr . Shepbard 5 s—Collected at JohB-street , lls 4 | d— Cards at d-tto Is—MestTB . Lasnill , Hocken , and Stedham , Torquay Is 6 d . —Total , £ 218 s Ud , CONVENTION FUND . Received by Jobs Abnott—Mefsra . Wrigkt and Tanner , Pimlico 4 d—Messrs . Carlton and Hodgson , Darlington 2 s —A Republican Chartist , ChepitoiT 13—T . Engar , Barnsley , Is—G . Farrow , Fiusbary 2 s . FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . Keceird by John Ansorr . —Messrs . Radford and Nightingale 2 s—M . W . Norman , Ventnor , We ot Wight Is—W . Matthews , ditto Is—W . Galley , ditto 6 d—C . Bull , ditto Gd—T . Butler , ditto 3 d—H . Haythorn , Little Compton-street , Soho 4 s .
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THE KAFFIR WAR ., The Bosphorus screw steam-vessel , Capt . J . Tine Ball , arrived at Plymouth on Wednesday evening , having made tbe passage from the Cape in thirty ' eight days , including stoppages . The dates from the sceae of war are to the 28 th of January . An unsuccessful attack by the Kaffirs on Fort Hare—an equally unsuccessful attempt of the rebel chief Herniannus against Fort Beaufort—and a brush between the Cape Mounted Kifies and the enemy outside King William ' s Town , are the items of news brought by the Bosphorus .
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GRAUD BANQUET IN COMMEMORATION 0 F THE GERMAN INSURRECTION . About 600 persona sat down to an elegant banquet to commemorate the glorious rising in Germany of 1848-9 , at the Freemasons' Tavern , on Thursday . General Haug was in tbe chair . Behind him was a larje curtain , with the name of Robert Blum inscribed in red letters upon it . After dinner , the Chairman rose , and in an excellent and eloquent speech declared tbat nothing but Republicanism would give nations their rights . As for himself he avowed tbat he went beyond mere Republicanism ; he was a Socialist . ( This announcement was received with tremendous GRAND BANQUET COMMEMORATION OF
cheers . ) The following resolutions were tben read by the general : — 1 . —This meetin # declares its sympathy with the liberal movement in Vienna in 1848 , its detestation of the tyranny of the House of Kapsburg , and its conviction tbat the liberties of Germany , Italy , Poland , and Hungary , are incompatible with the dynastic dominion of that House . 2 . —This meeting declares its sympathy with the universal German Revolution in 1843 and 1 S 19 , its detestation of the treachery of the German Princes , and its conviction tbat the intelligence and earnestness of the German nation will reconquer and consolidate the liberal principles and popular laws , pronounced and enacted in the years 1818 and
1849 . 3 . —This meeting declares its sympathy with the eftortsof the German Republicans , and its conviction that not only by a Republican self-government the unity and liberty of Germany , and only by an universal fraternisation of nations , the peace and welfare of the world can be assured . 4 . —This meeting declares its conviction tbat political and religious liberty are inseparable . 0 . —This meeting declares its conviction that tbe social questions of the day can find their true solution only in a Republic , and that on their solution the durability of Republican institutions mainly depends .
6 . —This meeting declares its conviction that tbe martyrs of the German Revolution in 1848 and 1849 , like their brethren in France , Hungary , Italy , and Poland , will live la the grateful memory of the nations . Father Roxge , a Hungarian clergyman , then in a most powerful and thrilling speech , depicted ( he horrors his country had endured under the Austrian rule , but he lived in hope that it would soon be re * stored to freedom . For who conld deBpair of the cause of liberty whilst Kossuth breathed , and Mazzini was among them ? ( The utterance of this sentence was followed by a Bcene of the most soul-stirring enthusism . Thepresence of the Italian patriot was hailed with bursts of prolonged and tremendous cheering : the whole company riBing en masse . Citizen Strauve addressed the meetiug , and vras followed by
Citizen Mazzini , who was again received in the most enthusiastic manner . He said that he was but a simple soldier serving in the ranks oi democracy ; but he hoped tbat by perseverance , constancy , and never-failing vi gilance , he should be able to perform his part in the good cause . ( Immense cheering . ) The hopes of his earlier years were now assuming reality , for Rome should jet be iree . Democracy was progressing in Italy with the holy watch words of "Fraternity , Equally , and Association . " Italy has a grand future to construct—tbe past years of her lethergy muBt be atoned for—and a superb destiny was yet in store for hi 8 country . To accomplish this Rome must be faithful to herself and all true-hearted Italians will eagerly join tbe good work . ( Loud and reiterated cheering . ) The names of those two potentates who had arrogantly and impudently
undertaken the ignoble task of oppressing tbe Italian people , were abhorred by every free and honestminded man—the Emperor of Austria and the Pope . ( A burst of execration followed the mention of these names . ) Germans as well as Italians were interested in overthrowing those two hideous despotisms ; and before the time had grown old , the name of the people should be substituted fur tbat of the Emperor of Austria ; and instead of the Pope , the name of God should be paramount . ( Prolonged , enthusiastic acclamations greeted Mazzini at the conclusion of his able speech . Citizen Cabchehe , a French patriot , apologised for the absence of the Citizen Ledru-RoHia , on the ground of severe indisposition . Citizens Tauseman , Arnold , Ronge , Lewis , Rey . nolds , Frank , Kinkel , Caussidiere , and others addressed the meeting , which separated at a late hour .
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One of the Latest Inventions fob the Cristal Palach . —A slrange rumour has reached our ears . Whether there be any foundation for it , or not , we cannot undertake to say . The joke , however , is too good to be lost , even if it were pure invention ; though we have been assured , in sober earnest , tbat it is a literal fact . When the Commissioners of the Great Exhibition , so runs the tale , were receiving tenders for the refreshment rooms , there appeared among the parties offering to take the contract a firm not hitherto known among the restaurants of the metropolis . To cover any objection which might be raised on the score of want of previous reputation , the tender was accompanied by the offer , a tempting one . we should think , to
the surplus-lacking Comzaisaioness , to pay down the amount in hard cash . The fairness ot the terms proposed , and the prospect of ready money , had well nigh decided the Commissioners to close with tbe bargain , when , just in time to prevent it , there was a- suspicion whispered in the Commissioners' eara , which led to farther inquiry ; when it turned out that the firm in question consisted of more partners than were " ostensible ; " that , in fact , horrendwn dietu , the offer came-from the fraternity of pickpockets , who had subscribed a handsome 8 um , in the hope of purchasing th& privilege of acting as waiters in the Crystal Palace , and easingthe 8 ight-lqviDgnublicofsomeoftheir external superfluities , whil » ministering to their internal
wants . Imagine twenty miles of a crowded"holyday thoroughfare , sprinkled over with gentlemes of the swell mob , in black dress coats and white ties , ticketed as the servants of the establishment , exercising their vocation amidst the exciting explosions of soda-water and Unmade mousscuse , and the insinuating comforts of cherry brandy and punch u la Romaine ! So wonder the idea tovK with the " profession ; " for the purchase of sucb opportunities any outlay almost would have been a profitable investment . The fellow that first hit upon the scheme deserves to nave a cast of his head taken , and placed in the Exhibition as a specimen of the highest development of the organ of acquisitiveness . —John Bull .
The Son of Marshal Ju . vot . —Another name has to be added to the obituary of distinguished persons of tbe present year . That name was one of the most popular to be found in the military annals of the Revolution and the Empire , and whose fame is almost coeval with that of Buonaparte . Napoleon Junot , Duke of Abrantes , the elder of the two sons who survived the Marshal , has just died in tbe forty-fourth year of his age , in a lunatic asylum near Paris . The wild youth and eccentric career of the deceased are thus accounted for ' . —Notwithstanding tbe great irregularities of his life , which can only be explained by partial insanity , the son of Junot possessed talents of no mean order . As may be supposed , the imaginative faculty was predominant . lie composed and published several pieces of poetry , which had Considerable merit notwithstanding , or perhaps because of
their eccentricity . He was also the author of several dramatic pieces , and published a considerable number of romances separately , or in literary periodicals . He was also an excellent musician ; he spoke and wrote with much correctness the English , Spanish , and Italian languages , and was an excellent classical scholar . For the last few years of his life , and during the intervals of hi 3 malady , he devoted himself to the production ot what he considered his most important work—a translation of Shakespeare , in verse and prose , into French . The work is , it appears , considerably advanced , and it 13 curious tbat it was while he was employed upon the tragedy of Lear , that the most decided symptoms of his malady appeared . The only surviving brother of the deceased , and the inheritor of his tide , is now a captain on the staff of General M'Mahon in Africa .
The Chaster in Australia . —A recent number of the Adelaide Dinner contains the following paragraph : — ' Elective Franchise Association . — The wealth producing classes of the community , i . e ., the industrious classes , are hereby informed that an association is formed for the purpose of obtaining , under the proposed new constitution , the following political rights and privileges t Universal Suffrage , Tote by Ballot , Annual Elections , No Property Qualifications of Representatives ; and No Nominee Members . Those who value political , civil , and relig iouB liberty are invited to lend a helping hand to the few who have originated the question in this province . ( Here follows the terms of membership . ) Working men ! Do not allow the ille to domineer over the industrious classes in this colony . " We also see that a Thomas PoweU has taken the Campbell Arms in the Murray
District , but we do not know whether he is the Chartist spy of 1848 , or not . Tns Condemned Criminals Drort and CnESHAM . —The hope which bore up Drory through the trial , (» or till the delivery of tbe verdict he seems to have been confident of escape ) , forsook him on reaching tho gaol aftor his condemnation . He was so exhausted that he was obliged to be assisted to bis cell by two of the officers , and on reaching it he flung himself upon his bed and lay sobbing violently for nearly an hour . The woman Chesham , on the contrary , exhibited no difference in her behaviour * but goes through the usual routine which the discipline of the gaol imposes on her with perfect callousness , and appears altogether devoid of remorse , The judge ' s warrants have been receiyedat the gaol , and the execution of both criminal is-fiaed , for the 25 th inat .
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THE NATIONAL CONTENTION ?" " tw IffiBSsp ?* onTue 3 dfly evenin = * the Chartist , ; & « % Cow Per- » treet , convened by fStheSrJSif f i of LMldon and Pinsbury vention ? P fele ° tlng a legate to the Con thSwSSSfo ?? ' W , the ohair ' ° P ened in £ TjuLW 8 tat - the ob J ects of ^ e meethfre oouR ° r ntlon 3 b ^ Proved failures , else He trusted tte ^ - ? . nec ? ssity for tho Presentther « X » lrth 9 ° Onvention wouId s <> act that 5 nS ^^ . " i ? J ? ! f ityforiul 0 tlieptoM » emBIe ^^ SawwAa that A \ L V ™ ' never was ifc so necessary ^ a tts&i ^^ THE Ji ^ TZZZZZZ ' ~
racterize t efr enthusi « d fidelity would < £ «! KSKTOStbS ^ ^ m \ $ wwould nal c £ tr A . ? tthemra »* roundth ° Naffvention delation and t £ o National Conthat JR o ?{; L , 0 nde ( 1 ? 8 resolu « on . They found mat tne other classes had their yearly meeting SiSSSSTft f jt was ne ~ y tKSffi Sell hSfiSiV ^ P arliamen' - Lord J ohn Rus-MdSl hX - ' butwas a & ain reinstated . Why ? ended to L * » df » r those menwhopre-CoMeniw I ° i f ° f the Pe » ple- > ucK as ? ZS " Y&W tt wa » "Went her Mnjesty
cabinet TTtr f P u t 0 be represented ' » her XoSS look S " ? rBbe «™ o necessary that they ? o 2 ?™ X £ J ? their own interests , and by calling of the Qotlr . OrOe . leir claims uP ° n the atten ^ / ates bn ? tl » ment < Tft 6 y mU 8 fe no * w ^ elect d <^ - SSfiS « i 7 ""^ support them . Hitherto the f «« 'g "lasses had been backward in supporting Th £ wr'V W ^ " t 0 d 0 their work " . This must be n-mediod if they intended to make their cause successful . The resolution was then put , and carried unaniniousiy . Mr . Onoun moved that Mr . Leno should be the candidate for that district , which was seconded by Mr . Fennell . The drift of their speeches was that they had too lone allowed themselves to be renresfinfod hv man
ealling themselves gentlfttnen , who , when they could no longer be supported , deserted them for the middle class . It was , therefore , their dutyito elect one of their own order-a veritable working man Mr lenneJlalso trusted that the Convention would press upon the legislature the necessity of passine a general amnesty for politioal offend er * . Mr . Martin moved , and Mr . Watts meconded , the nomination of Mr . Bezer . Mr . Brisck moved Mr . Hnrney as a candidate . A letter was read from Mr . narney , declining to stand in opposition to the persons nominated ; and his nomination was withdrawn . Mr . Fdzzbn was opposed to an agitation for Socialism being mixed up with Chartism . Mr . Hewktt moved , and Mr . Cbowe seconded , the nomination of Mr . Pinlen .
Mr . Lbno then addressed the meeting . He was a working man ; he did not , neither would he ever live upon the labour of another man . If elected he should maintain not only the political , but the social emancipation of his fellow working men . He would have the Chartor become the law of the land , and a Chartist parliament would then decido upon tlio most complete organisation for emancipating labour . He would take the good out of every system thftt had been propounded by all the great Social Reformers of the day , without pinning himself to any of their peouliar systems . He was in favour of an extended agitation in the agricultural districts . He was also in favour of the land being
national property , and was opposed to the present system of capital , which enabled the few to oppress the many . Mr . Bezer next addressed the meeting , and made some remarks relative to some charges made against himself , which gave vise to a discussion He then detailed his views relative to the subjects likely to be brought before the Convention ; he held , that under present circumstances , they ought chit-fly , if not wholly , to confine their attention to the Charter , as a means to an end . Taking care at the same time to lay bare the social evils of our present system . Mr . Finmin then addressed the meeting . Ho was for the Charter whole and entirein order that they
, might have such social laws as would allow them to live m happiness and comfort . As long as tho present social system existed , so long would he be its bitter and determined opponent . He wished to see no opposition between Political and Social Reformers , but to see them act in unison together . The Chairman then put the several candidates to the meeting , and in the course of his observations stated , that Powell , the spy , had £ 200 given him , a chest of tool 3 which cost £ 50 , and a free passage to Adelaide , in New South Wules , by the government .
with this blood-money he had nearly finished building three houses in that place , when one morning they were levelled to the ground . Government endeavoured to keep this expression of popular feeling from being known in this country , but it was a fact that they might depend on . A show of hands having been taken , which did not givo satisfaction , a division took place , which resnlted in Mr . Finlen being elected by a considerable majority . A rote of thanks was given to the chairman , and the meeting dissolved .
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TO TIIE ENGINE DlllVERS AND FIREMEN OF TIIE UNITED KINGDOM . " Fmow Men , —In taking a , review of our past proceedings , we feel constrained to make this appeal to your common sense , believing tbat it is highly important that some steps should be immediately taken , to stay the progress of the giant monopoly , which has commenced ' with rapid strides to make a very serious inroad into ouv industrial rights . " We assure you we are not taking this step with the view of personal aggrandisement , but truly in the spirit of unity and fraternity ; believing it to be impossible to maintain ourselves in our present position , unless we legally combine together for our mutual benefit and welfare .
"Under whatever cloak the railway capitalists may disguise their views , still it is very evident to us all that it is their intention , as soon as they conveniently can to reduce our wages , and which we must confess we are not in a position at present to withstand v for although at the present day we are the only body of labourers who are receiving what may be termed remunerative wages ; yet at tliosame time we are the most isolated body of men in the kingdom ; in witness of which we refer you to the newspaper report of the disputes on the North Western , where , when the subject matter was brought forward , the men on the other portions Of the line were not acqu ainted with any preconcerted plan or arrangement , by which they might have acted in concert .
" Again to prove that we cannot exist much Ionger in our present state ; if you refer to the Eastern Counts , where the men had grievances far more intolerable than any which ever came befove our notiee ; yet , notwithstanding the loss of life and hmb , and . the immense sacrifice qJ ^ company ' s
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jgiteatatipoTi : S pSST * leasfc the pilS 8 ivc - untiHh o h 0 p 0 - 5 ? ft ( lt aIways be tlie c » se ; but lSuvm eng . - dmm and fi'emen of tho United SKdV « I 1 } b i llie - ? getlier in an alliance t 0 defen * S We « S % r ° PP re 8 S 011 s "" I ever Succeed . att onHn m V- V t 0 cnJ 1 / our most serious TmXt ^ ' \ that h ? combining together do noK , a f ° / i ^ ° " 0 contrary , if w « » Sd prove to Z «•? ' us tbrnforV unite . athS tfirit . ^' W « "pUali * t 8 . « nd tho world at urge , that wlulu doing our duty as sneh vili .-thU public servants should do , we nr ? d 3 e , minid to fi trwtedMBUohvaluable pnblio servantoTSm ^ Believing we are making this appoal to a bolv of men who see the urgen t necessity of owibSS together forour mutual welfare , we beg Ig " vo to suggest the "National Association of Unitki >
1 RADES , us a tit SOClety for tho furtherance of our views . It is founded upon , tbe Ctli Geor « c IV ., cap 129 , which expressly states , " that it is ' lawful for " any body of men to combine together to keep their wages up , provided they do not use threat or intimidiition to others , to induce them to do so . " T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., is chairman of the aforesaid society , a gentleman of known honour and integrity . The expense of joining , contribution , Ac , aro so trifling , as to come within the means of the poorest of us ; the allowillice to be received in case ol stake , w believe will be found quite satisfactory ; niSif n \ e ? ° " this linc have wa'l y t 0 * m » a ntr ^ itv « r * ' ° - Pe u ' wll 0 le of y U wi » see tl 10 necessity of joining heart and hand in this nobla
Court Ro I ; f - - lMn Pcci ' 255 > . Tottenham tion y nnS ntlon y -, ! may re ( l uire > » K > » PpHca . SoJas . £ n : 11 tako thu ¦** ^ «* We remain , yours in unity and fraternity , Tub BsniNBMES ani > Firkmkw In connexion with the "National Association of United Trades . "
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i ^ i MEETING OF COAL-MIXERS . ' A meeting of the miners of Ilnlsbaw Moor and the surrounding neighbourhood was held last week mi h Sa ° f t ! Wnck Hoi « Kpublic-hoio . in Ilalshaw Hoor ; tho meeting *„ , well attended , as there could not be less than 1 , 000 present ; the miners from Levor and Rudeliffttwero accompnnied by a band of iMus c and a banner with apm-onriate inscriptions . JuIa * * *****> . * CO "'" - from Radcliffe , was called upon to preside . Ho opened the business of the meeting by statin * that their ol . ject in meeting was to lay their grievances before tho public , ana to adopt such measures as might seem best calculated to improve their condition
. „ ! i . ^ c W 0 RTn P P osed » nd John Lyon seconded the first resolution :- " That this mooing is convinced by dear-bought experience , that most of the evils under which tiiC miners are now suttcring , ' £ n D L ' , " ° " . v lIl ° « livlaioiia and dissentions so pvevMont amongst themselves . This meeting cannot too strongly deprecate the practice of colliers contracting to get coals . it less than the regular field price s the underbidding of each other in the taking of pit « to sink , driving of tunnels , :: tit ¦ pI ' Oved vei'y injurious to the interests of the miners generally in theso districts : the miners now present , therefore , pledge themselves
to resr . un trom such injurious practices for tho future and hope that all miners will follow their example . The second and third resolutions were also moved ^ nd seconded by working miners , as follows : second , » That this meeting is of opinion that while almost everything is improving , tho condition of the miners is getting worse ; and being convinced that they cannot protect their labour , which is their only capital , unless they aro united together and cultivate a spirit of friendship and love towards each other ; therefore this meeting rfo s f If to support the Miners' Association , being convinced that that society , if properly carried out , has a tendency to benefit both masters and men , and will injure no one . We are the mom determined to support that societv as one of its nlriM *
is to settle all differences between masters and men by fair argument , instead of having recourse to disastrous strikes , which are alike injurious to both masters and men . " The third resolution merely fixed the rate of payment to the society for the next twelve months .
Mr . Swallow , the minors' agent for three districts , proposed the fourth resolution : — " Tbat it is the opinion of this meeting that enuine coals aro selling at such low prices at the preseiit time , that if the present system of undersellinj ? each other in the market is not abandoned , a great many of the coal masters will be ruined thereby . As there is no class of capitalists who deservo to receive a hotter interest for their capital than the coal masters should do , and no class of workmen deserve to be better remumrated for their toil than the miners do , and as it is at the present moment tne large consumers of coal who are deriving those gams from the present cheapness Of encino coals
wnicn ought to be the masters' profits and the workmen swages , this meeting , after mature deliberation , ls also of opinion that all engine coals ought to be immediatel y advanced one penny per cwt . ; and it is furthermore of opinion that this very desirable object may bo accomplished by a unity of action of the two parties who are so very deeply interested in this matter . " Mr . ( Swallow spoke at considerable length on the miners' sufferings , and the many dangers they had to encounter . He said that the miners' wnges , one with another had not for the last twelve months averaged 15 s . per week , and that many were working twelve hours a day for thut scanty pittance whereas , ho remarked , the miners demand 4 s . per day for eight hours' labour . Ho then referred to theettorts the workmen had made with tho view of inducing the masters to advance their wawH . Th ™ 5 n to
XT ^ 8 taten >™ ts the masters on the 18 th November last , soliciting an advance of 25 per cent ., which would have averaged about ill , per ton ; but the masters did cot appear wishful to give such advance ; so tbat thoy ( tho miners ) sent a deputation of two men to visit each employer , to ascertain which of them were willing to give the veqmred advance . After a great deal of trouble the masters at some places gave an advance of about lid . per ton , instead of id . On the 1 st of January a circular was sent to tho masters soliciting the remainder , but without any good effect ; consequently another deputation was sent to visit all the employers . The deputation was very kindly received in every instance except one . All the masters admitted the necessity of advancing the men ' s wages , and every one expressed their wil . hngness to advance if the others did so ; but they could not unless others did so first r so that where a
commencement was to be made was the next question . As no ono appeared to bo willing- to tako a lead in the matter , they were left in exactly the same position as at tho latter end of December last . To remedy this state of things the next 3 tep was to issue a circular convening a mooting of masters , to be held on the 10 th of January , at tho Three Crowns , Deansgnte , Bolton . —A number of tho employers attended the meeting , but , after mature deliberation , they unanimously agreed that thoy could not do anything in the matter ; they expressed a strong feeling of sympathy for the men and admitted tbat at the present time there was a great demand for coals ; but thought that , if anything were to be done , it must be by tbe men . Mr . Swallow then , at some length , showed that the present state of the markets , and
the increased and increasing consumption of coala , warranted them in demanding an incveaseof wages . To prove this he adduced the following statemeufc of the number of tons of coals exported in the years mentioned : —1833 , 615 , 255 ; 18-12 , 1 . 99 C . 56 C ; 1848 , 2 , 785 , 300 ; 1818 , 2 , 828 , 039 ; 1850 , 3 , 347 , 007 . The shipment of coals for home consumption has progressed in the same ratio ; during the last forty yeai' 8 tho coals shipped in one circuit alone have increased frorn 2 , 012 , 388 to 7 , 838 , 380 . The fuel used for the working of railways and tho increased number of ateani-enginos for manufacutring purposes have also swelled the demand for coals . Those , facts he thought sufficiently disproved the old cuckoo song of " when the consumption increased , as a matter of course wagns would be advanced ; ' * for it vraa here seen that tho demand for coals waa
daily and hourly increasing , yet wages were being reduced . At the conclusion of his address Mr . Swallow -was presented with a beautiful and valuable silvei ? medal and chain as a token of respect for his past services to the miners of these districts . Tho resolution was seconded , and then unanimously adopted . Tho other resolutions were also ngreed upon ; ono to the effect tbat their a « ent bo instructed to draw up a memorial to the masters , on tho subject of the meeting ; the other " That they were determined to resist any further reduction ^ i ^ ril ^ f ^ «?™ gw . Any
masterthere-, ore attempting to reduce VagesT thomen . „ " to fnriuft a s ! j > tera ( ;^ fo v an advance ofls . per lo ad , m .. f » ? US " 'I rcason ^ lo means to get such w ^ 0 e iI the dcsired ad ™«* . « he still re . iube , men the men will cease working at such col hery until he does give the advance required-, and the miners now present pledge themsclvos to support such men during their strugole . " Mr . Matthew Shaw , the weavers' agent , next addressed the meeting , pointing out the advantages to bo derived by the miners being firmly united
to-After a vote of thanks had been given to tho Chairman , the two agents , and three cheers for tho union , tho meeting separated . A dolegate meeting was afterwards , held , to carry out the resolutions of tbe meeting ,
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Fchiiteb Extessios of Coosit Couhis . —Lord Brougham ' s third bill of the present session , relating to connty courts , has just been issued . There are twenty-seven clauses in this bill . Matters hi dispute may be referred to the arbitration of judges of county courts . The judges of county courts are to hold " Conrts of Reconcilement " betweea parties . The judges of the Court of Gbancery may direct accounts and inquiries to be made by the judges of county courts . The county court judges are to have the same power as Masters
in Chancery in equity proceeding * . According to the twenty-fourttt clause any two judges of the superior courts going the circuit within which any comity court is bolden may hear and determine appeals from any judgment of such county court . Barristers , whether instructed or not by an attorney , nay appear on behalf of parties in a cause , and if botfl parties agree , whatever the action or amount of tbe claim may be , such action may be tried by a county court . Such is an outline of this somewhat novel bill on the extension of
county courts . The Sale of Arsenics . —On Wednesday Lord Carlisle ' s bill to regulate the sale of arsenic , now in the House of Lords , was printed . It declares that the unrestricted sale of arsenic facilitates the commission of crime . The bill provides that on every sale , particulars of the sale ahall be entered by the seller in a book before the delivery of the arsenic , and every such entry 13 to be signed by the person nuking the hale . Any person selling arsenic , save as authorised by the bill , and every person giving false information , in order to obtain tbe same , to be summarily convicted before magistrates , and liable to a penalty not exceeding £ 20 . Tbe act is not to prevent the sale , of arsenic in medicine -under a medical prescri ption . The bill has been brought forward in consequence of the recent case of poisoning at Claverine ,
"What ' s is a Same !"—At the Newcastle A- ? size 3 , last week , a person named John Smith ( who was out on bail on a charge of rape ) was request * d by name to come forward , whereupon a respectablu young man , apparently a farmer , placed himself in the dock . After the clerk of arraigns had read over the indictment , the young man said , with some astonishment , " What 5 " The clerk of arraigns having again read the indictment with increased emphasis , the young man , with laughing simplicity , said— " It isn't me you mean—it must be another o' the same name , " and retired amidst the convulsed laughter of tbe Court , whilst the real John Smith , who had been staudiugnear the door of the dock ready to surrender wheu the discovery should i be made presented himself for trial .
, What Cas a Qdeen Do ?—The Queen can mate lords , but she cannot create artisans and mechanics ; and the ° reat difference between the two is , that the former drain , and the latter replenish , her treasury . Yon may inarch the globe around but jou cmnotfind a more useful personage than the individual who labours with hfs head and hands to multiplv tbe necessaries and p leasures or me . Ii is announced that an Irish Quarterly Review will shortly be originated , iu Daw iflt
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. «•» . MEETIHG AT JOHN-STREET INSTITUTION . The 8 econdofa 8 ericsof sessional public meetings , convened by the Executive of the National Dharter Association , to consider public proceedings it home and abroad , took place at the above Institution on Tuesday evening . Mr . JJpnnibaeIi was called to the chair . Mr . UiiiNCf moved a resolution , expressive of regret at the apathy displayed by the toiling masses towards their political and social condition , and jailed upon them- to agitato for the enactoent of the People ' s Charter . Mr . Wood abl y seconded the resolution , Mr . HARKBr—wha' was loudly cheered—in supporting the resolution , said the , virtue sorely seeded by the working classes at that moment was persevevance ; they were too much in the habit of sinki&g back into apathy and despair upon the ftrat object that presented itself before them . A great deal w ; is said about the treachery of leaders ; but the people in a great measure were answerable for their own failures . ( Hear , hear . ) The people ought not to rest all tho blame of their failures on leaders ; nor ought the leaders to excuse their failures upon the ground of the apathy and inconsistency of the people . Mr . Harney , then , in answer to a question from the gallery , explained that the principles contained in the programme recently pat forth by the Executive Committee , were merely published with a vi » w to their coming under discussion at the approaching National Convention , and
it was the duty of the people to discuss the programme in the meantime . ( Uear . ) With respect to the condition of the country theWhi gs had contrived to make themselves indispensable . The Tories had dflcliped office as well as the Puclites , while tho financial reformers had not been tried , because they wore known to be too weak to maintain their position if chosen . He regretted this ; he wished to see them in power , that the country might be disabused of the idea that those men would do something to elevate the social and political condition of the people . After glancing at the state of the government at home and the position of the Freiichrepublic . which he was assured could not be overthrown , and the position of continental affairs generally , Mr . Harney resumed his seat amidst the applause of the meeting .
Mr . D . O Connor moved an addition to the resolution , to the effect that it was impolitic and unwise to call a Convention together at the time proposed by the Chartist Executive : alleging as a reason , the present apathetic condition of the working classes . Moreover Mr . P . O'Connor , by his influence would awamp the Convention and annihilate the movement altogether . The speaker then condemned the programme recently published by the Executive Committee . Mr . Wilsok seconded the ammendment . r ! * i ? £ ET es ? lained the reasons which had decided the Executive Committee to call a Convention together on the 31 st of March .
Mr . J . B . O'Briks , whose appearance called forth applause said that he was glad to perceive by the reception given b y tho meeting to the programme of the Executive Committee , that all the p eople were not to le humbugged any longer . ( Hear , hear . ) He should not have spoken had he not been called for . Ho was compelled to say that the cloven foot of the old Anti-Corn Law League peeped out in every proposition it contained . ( Hear , hear . ) It was a very different thing to what he expected-it was a farrago of unadulterated humbug , and he could not imagine how it had been forward
put . It made no mention of the nationalization of land , or laws of public credit although they had repeatedl y declared in favour of those ob-^ cts . It they objected to mention them , they should have confined themselves to the Charter alone , and left men to advocate it their own way . ( Hear , hear , ! He wished to get the names of the Executive Gommittee to the doctrines which he and they had ; long taught , that the Financial Reformers might see unpeople were not to be sold . ( Cheers . ) ¦ The present Executive was able anil talented , and he -highly respected its me-nbers . irorsooally , but he fished theih to withdraw theurprogramme . Tftequettionwas then put , and the orig inal moiioa was farcied by aa Q * wwhelmiag majority ,
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.. .. r-Makch 15 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR . ~ IN — —__ - - P
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ZT ^^—rZL ........... NATIONAL ASSOCIATION o ^ ~~ UNITED TRACES . - T . S . Duncombb , Esq ., M . ^ Presideit . Established 1845 . " FIAT Jl / SIim . " " . If it were possible for the working classes , by combining among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rote of wages , it need hardly be said tlmt this would be a thing not to 1 ) 6 punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced 8 t # fitUAKT AlllL . We have again this week the pleasure of reporting additional evidence of the stead which
y progress the National Association \ t making in public estima . tun . Notwithstanding the long and painful contest which the obstinacy of Mr . Edward Perry has entailed upon us , and the defection from our ranks which such a protracted struggle was sure to occa . sion , it is a source of satisfaction and pride to the CentraKCoramiUee to find that their determined and uncompromising resistance to that liti gious gentle , nians pretensions , has earned for them the confidence and approval of a wide circuit of their fellow workmen , who have hitherto stood aloof from this and all similar movements .
Although we cannot yet congratulate ourselves upon the submission of Mr . £ Perry and hi en ° lW > ve ? h ? ^^ ? ju 8 tice ^ »™» sense ; yet having succeeded in obtaining employ . Til T eralWe W 8 8 e 8 ( for the wh ° k ofonr members , who were compelled to withdraw them-S ? . '"" V ? 8 entle ™»' s employment , the ivM ' aly termina Kand the extra lev , which the great bulk of our members have so long ^ . IV v ^ W contributed is discontinued from IJrAn f 6 brUary < Th 6 re " eVer > P erha l > in ^ e haiorj of labour , was » more striking illustration of the immense power which the apathy and ignorance ol ttttwafong classes permit to lie dormant and unheeded . For more than seven months has a contest been carried on againafc a Combination of wealthy
capitalists , rendered bold and impracticable from ihcir previous success , in every struggle in which they were engaged with their work people . Em-( widened , as we may say , by their previous success , they laughed to scorn all our first attempts to arrange the difference upon principles of mutual concession . They dared us to a contest , which , from past experience , they anticipated could only terminate to their advantage . " I Lave hoisted my colours , " quoth Edward Perry , " and nailed them to the mast ; " and , certainly , a more determined op . ponent never waged war with ri ght and justice :
but if it were possible to estimate the costs of this contest to each of the belligerent parties , what a lesson would it teach to the covetous , unprincipled capitalist on tbe one hand , and the poor , tame slaves of labour on the other . How immeasurably superion in powerful resources is labour over capital , whenever the working classes choose that those resources shall be concentrated , and made applicable for their protection . What a fri ghtful waste of wealth and energy does the past history of labour open to USl What painful sacrifices have usually at . tended all labours' contests , aud how unsatisfactorily have they generally terminated !
Let U 3 , fellow-workmen , make a wise use of our past sad , bitter experience . Let us , for the future , thoroughly understand that our safety depends not upon large masses of capital , accumulated by long and painful sacrifices , to be certainly absorbed in unavailing contests , hut upon a thorough weil-orga nised confederation of labour , where the poor man ' s penny shall more than weigh down the rich man ' s pound . Let us , as Mr . Parry saye , "Hoist our colour * and nail them to the mast , " and defy proud capitalists to continue their unprincipled encroachments upon the rights of industry . After a contest of seven months , what member of the National Asso .
ciation can say that he is one sixpence poorer than he would have been had he never been called upon to contribute bis mite for the Wolverhampton strike ? What real sacrifice has he made through this tedious struggle , and yet what a victory has been achieved ; we say a victory has been achieved because we are morally certain that the Perrys last move of importing German labour will terminate as miserably as his French speculation . He will find foreign labour a very dear commodity in a trade requiring severe and protracted toil . Your Frenchmen and your German are not so fond of hard work ; and we know that nothing but downright hard wotk is the lot of the poor wretches who accept Mr . Perry ' s prices .
We have this week had application from a large body of Bobbin Turners , of Stavely , Windermere , Westmoreland ; from the Brush and Tile Makers of New Holland , Lincolnshire ; and from the Boiler Makers of Crewe , whom we rejoice to find determined themselves to carry out the resolution passed liy an unanimons vote of their Conference in 1847 , but which , for some inexplicable reason , the officers » f that body have never thought proper to act upon . We fancy the Boiler Makers are not the only body of working men whose best interests have been betrayed by the selfish ambition of leaders . We have tifeer met with a hearty , and ( as we believe ) sincere
response , to our appeals from the members of most trades , whenever we can get an opportunity of explaining the principles ai > d practical workings of our Association . We have constantl y had resolutions passed by bodies and conferences approving of the principles of National Union , as the only effective remedy for the wrongs of labour ; but we have as constantly had the mortification of finding the honest opinions and aspirations of the masses counteracted and overridden by interested officials . We hail then , with great pleasure , the evidences which reach us , of a thorough awakening of our fellow workmen to the folly of any longer submission to this system of official dictation .
If the pomp and circumstance of leadership pre . sents such dazzling attractions , surely the leadership of a National Army of Labour if not so profijable , is , at least , more glorious than the small dignity of local pre-eminence , especiall y when the maintenanee of such pre-eminence involves the sacrifice of all honest principle . This movement , as it developed itself , will present a wide field for the honourable ambition of the hi ghest talent which can be found in the ranks of Labour . The men , whoever they may be , who succeed in raising a rampart strong enough to protect labour from the assaults of capital , will earn for themselves a deathless renown ; and we should be proud to share , or surrender , our pretentions to any parties who are prepared to bring to this movement greater zeal and perseverance .
We have received information of a very important meeting , held by Mr . Green , in St . Mary ' s Hall , Coventry , of tbe silk and ribbon trades of that city where resolutions in favour of National Union were unanimously adopted . The Wolverharapton conspiracy case comes on for trial at Stafford , on Wednesday ( this day ) or Thursday , and we hope we shall be able to report the defeat of this last distjraceful move of the litigious Perry , We must
agam remind our membera that these prosecutions involve a serious expense , and we are sorry to say the subscriptions which have already come to hand are not near adequate for the unavoidable expenses of the trial . There will be a heavy attorney ' s bill to pay , besides other expenses ; we hope , therefore , that all will contribute a trifle according to theit means , on behalf of their thrice persecuted brethren 259 , Tottenham-court-road .. Wm . Peel , Sec . March 12 th .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 15, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1617/page/5/
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