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- "Onward^and you conquer,' Backward, and you falL" ' * . ¦¦ • . THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER, ; AND ffo SURRENDER. TO THE DOWN-TRODDEN MILLIONS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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jli Fbibnds , —How is it that you are now go apathetic , when your oppressors are in such a state « f revolution ? . Look to the union
that now . easts amongst the Irish people , and ? he disunion of your own order . And , do nOt y ou think that if the English population , nearly twice as large as that of Ireland , -was as united and energetic as the Irish people are , that you would have double the effect on the Governmental mind ? The storm created by vour union would be . like a hurricane , and would have more effect upon the Governmental mind than the Irish breeze , which is obliged to cross the channel .
1 suppose you read the speeches delivered in the House of Commons b y the Irish members upon the Papal Question ; and I suppose that you are aware that they are obliged to define the sentiments of their fellow countrymen ; and yet the Irish mind and the Irish representatives , would not have one-naif the effect upon the Government that the Eng lish mind would have , if it was united . Let me give you the strongest proof of my old maxim , " That there is one law for the rich and another law for the poor . " " More danger to the peasant who shoots the squire ' s hare ,- than to the squire who shoots the peasant ' s head . " .
A few days ago a most respectable yonng man waited upon me and told me that he was arrested 'at five o ' clock on Saturday evening , at the Chrystal . Palace , and was locked up till ten o ' clock on Monday morning " , "" without the slightest charge being urged against him . Four most respectable gentlemen , who were well acquainted with him , offered to go bail for him for £ 4 , 000 each ; however , as he was a WORKING MAN , it would not be
accepted . I put the question to Sir George Grey , Secretary for the Home Department , en Friday ; he said he would make inquiry into it . ' I put the question again to him on Tuesday , and he gave me an answer , which made the House laugh and cheer him , but which was wholly and entirely false . Now , if a GENTLEMAN had been treated in each a way , the policeman that arrested him would have been discharged .
My friends , I attended a meeting at Manchester on Sunday night last It was a perfect bumper ; andl never wasbetterreceived . It gave me great pleasure to find that parties who have heretofore been opposed to each other , were becoming reconciled ; and that , now , the bees in the Northern hive are beginuing to think that they should eat their own honey , and that the drones should have the wax . Mr .
Sbtton was in the chair . Mr , Leach , Mr . Doxovas , Mr . Mantle , and Dickenson , the immortal Manchester Packer—a perfect Ci-CERO , one of the most eloquent men that ever was in the world , and a man who has energetically devoted his time and talents to the elevation of your order—also addressed the meeting , and not one word of antagonism was uttered—a fact which not only gave me pleasure but delight .
It is quite right ,.- as I have often stated to you , that every man should be allowed to express his own sentiments freel y ; but it horrifies me to * tlunk that men who are working six days in the week should be obliged to meet in a heated room upon the only day they should have for rest and recreation . My friends , 1 wish to prepare you now for the forthcoming Conference . It will assemble on Monday week ; and , even by that time , I do not think that the Parliamentary antagonism will have subsided . The discussion upon
this Papal question has occupied much of the time of the House , and is not likely to have a epeedy termination . Yon see the amount of money that the Irish Catholic clergymen are now receiving weekl y from the devoted Irish people , and yon see the little that the English people are subscribing to carry out that cause , to insure which they are sometimes ready to SHED THEIR BLOOD . However , they do not care if others shed their "blood , and put itiuto their own veins , so long as they can escape THE BASTILE .
My friends , for many weeks I have admonished you , and implored of you to be cautious in electing vise , discreet , and honourable men , to represent you in the forthcoming Conference ; and then I have a solemn conviction that the public mind , if fairly represented , will have a powerful influence , not only upon the Government , but upon the House of Commons . Several of the Irish members , who have opposed the Charter , will now vote for it ; and several other parties who are violently opposed to the " Government may do so
like-• w ise . It is really absurd and ridiculous to hear the speeches that are made in the House of Commons upon this " Papal Question ; but I am glad to find that you , working men of England , have followed my advice , and have token no part whatever in the Btrnggle . Upon firmer occasions , so great would have been the influence of the power of the wealthy over the poor , that thousands of petitions , signed by minions of people , would have been presented to the Honse against the so-called Papal Aggression ; but I am happy to find that not one his been presented from the werMng classes . This you may rest assured will convince the Governmental mind that the people are not
now to be led astray , as they were in former times . And , although it mortifies me sorely to see the disunion that now exists amongst yonr order , it gives me some little pleasure to learn , that however disunited you may be , tha Government will understand that you are all opposed to their policy . Had it not been for Prince Albert ' s great anxiety and desire to exhibit the Crystal Palace , and the Great Exhibition of May , to the foreigners , you would have had a new Ministry ; but as he attaches more importance to the Exhibition than he does to your order , he has had influence enough upon the Queen to induce her to allow tha Parliamentary struggle to continue until foreigners have an opportunity of visiting the great f'TVEN" of England .
I told you before , that they are now building seventeen steamers in America , of two thousand five hundred tons each , to bring passengers over to this Great Exhibition ; and that ten thousand Prussians have already insured { heir seats by railway to the coast , to come to this Exhibition . But see the benefit it will confer upon your order . The police force is to be prodigiously increased , and the militia are to . be called out ; and do you think that the foreigners -wlio come to the Exhibitionor the rich men of England , will
, supply the increased fund required for their support ? Not a bit of it . It will all come out of your own pockets , but you will not understand how I as tax collecting is a mere THIMBLE RIG—for , as I have often told you , if the tax collector was to go to you and ask you for 13 s . 4 d . out of the pound you earn—which is about the amount you payyou would kick him out of your house ; but fcow as the quibble of the law picks your pocket you , do not understand it , nor care about it * .
^ Well now , my friends , will you promise me i ' aat you will dispel that antagonism that has 80 long existed amongst your order , and upon "" - liich Government has based its power , and ^ pon which your wretchedness and poverty is hased ?—\ nii you , I say , dispel this awful antagonism , and elect wise and discreet men to the forthcoming Conference , so as to convince the ^ Jad of your rulers that the English people are no longer fools or disunited % If you do &ai , then you will no longer he subjected to ° Ppressiou—you will nolongerbe down-trodden
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and tyrannised over , but the Government and your oppressors will discover that it is not longer possible to keep the mind of this united country in subjection . If you elect wise and discreet men to represent you , you will do well ; but if you base your votes upon mere party feeling and party spir it , then you will do wrong , and injure your order . , In conclusion , let me , my friends ; implore of you to follow the advice of one who has never deserted your cause , nor ever betrayed your order . Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend and Advocate , " . Feahgus O'Connor . ; and tyrannised over , but the Government , and
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. TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR ; ESQ ., M . P . 36 , North-street , Brighton , March 14 th , 1851 . 3 > bar Sib , —Last nisht I forwarded a petition to Sir George B . Pectaell to wind up the National Land Company , trora the members of No . 1 locality in this town . There is another petition in course of sigDatnre . from So / 2 Locality , and I . hare no doubt willbeBent ' Hfa few days ' . "IhlvQ farther to inform yon , tbat . many . of the paid-up shareholders here are willing to send their scrip to you to act in the best way you think proper for them , and suggest , if you could get enough for the purpose , to purchase one of the estates to prevent a sacrifice being made ; they would wish still farther to make an effort to carry out the Land Plan , believing that no other system to emp ' oy tha oppressed labourer has ever been propounded . Hoping success may attend your meritorious efforts , I am , your obedient servant , .. .... W . J . B . Mills .
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MR . PRICE AND THE ALLOTTEE S OF O'CONNORTILLE . .: TO THE EDITOR OF IBE KORinEBX STAB . Dear Bih , —In your journal of the loth inst ., there appeared a letter from Mr . Price , ofCharterville , from which 1 extract the following sentence : — " As for the distress which is said to have existed at O'Connorrille among the occupants , I fully admit the truth of the report ; but I would ask , if it is anything fresh to find distress , indigence , want , and misery , follow in the train of idleness , drunkenness , and debauchery ? " Such a statement as this cannot be permitted to pass unnoticed . This is the first time that I have ever heard of such a state of things existing on the O'Connorville estate , although I have resided on this estate for two years . From . 'whom , or from what source , Mr , Price may have - derived liis information is , of course , best known to himself . But it is quite certain that he has been misinformed . It is well
known to all the readers of the Northern Star , that the allottees on this estate have received the greatest praise from Mr . O'Connor ; which is sufficient , in itself , to contradict the statement made by Mr . Prico . The distress which may have existed among tbe occupants has not been caused by either idleness er druukenness , or any other vicious practices , but by unfavourable seasons , and their inexperience in agricultural pursuits . 1 fully a « ree with the remaining portion of Mr . Price ' s letter . Trusting , Sir , to your sense of justice for tbe insertion of this letter , I beg to subscribe myself , Yours respectfully , JOBS Sl 0 EGEON , jUn ,, Secretary to the O'Conuorville branch of the National Charter Association . March 18 th , 1851 . [ We have received a similar reply from Mr . John Wicoek , of Nottingham . ] ... . . — .
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HONESTY FUND IN TIIE POTTERIES . TO THE EDITOR OF TBE NORTHERN STAB . ' Sib , —The following sums have been -received since my last : —John Bown , Macclesfield , 6 d . ; Robert Beaumont , John Beaumont , John Milhench , 6 d . each , ( second subscriptions ) ; Hannah Billington , 61 ; Mary Broadb « -nt , James Meadowcroft , Joseph Dunkerley , Is . each , all of Waterhead Mill ; Mary Bentley , Israel Wild , James Wild , George Crowther , William Crowther , Thomas Riahworth , John Smith , Jame 3 Mitchell , William Heap , James Lamb , Mary Wild , John Holmes , James Wilson , Samuel Wild , Joseph Holas , Elizabeth Wild , John Lamb , 6 ( 1 , each , all of Deerplay , in Sowerhy , near Halifax . Total money received since the commencement , including the Potteries , £ 6 12 s . The valuable articles for disposal cannot be offered at less than the cost price , —namely , Ten Guineas . ¦ Robert Hopkinson , Secretary . Old Hall-terrace , Hanley , Staffordshire .
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« p Great Anti-Papal League . —On Tuesday the foundation was laid of a religious League , which promises to become the greatest of the kind which modern times have witnessed . A number of noblemen , gentlemen , clergymen of the Church of England , and Dissenting . ministers of the various denominations , met in Osborn ' a Hotel , Adelphi , for the purpose of consulting together aa to what ought to be done by evangelical Protestant ; denominations , with a view to resist the aggressions of Popery . - Among the noblemen and gentlemen
present , were the Earl of Ducie , Lord Ashley , Sir Culling Eardley Smith , the Hon . and Rev . Montague Yilliers , the Rev . W . W . Champneys , the Rev . Edward Auriol , the Rev . T . R . Birks , the Kev . Dr . Morison , the Rev , Dr . Campbell , the Rev . Dr . Bunting , the Rev , Dr . Beecbam , the Rev . Dr . Steane , with a great number of eminent laymen . The meeting lasted three hours ; and was characterised throughout by tbe greatest unanimity and cordiality . It was resolved that duly organished and most energetic measures shall be forthwith adopted in order to enter the arena with the hosts of Popery .
Sdsdat Tr&dixg Prevention Bill . —On Monday evening a meeting , composed chiefly of the working daises , waa held at the Baths , Oakley-street , Limbeth . for the purpose of considering this Bill . Mr . Cameron waB moved to the chair . After a few remarks , Mr . Hartlett moved a resolution condemnatory of the Bill , as unjustand partial . Mr . Brisck seconded the motion , and contended that the measure was the result of a middle-class movement . Mr . Williams , M . P ., then addressed the meeting . The turn gentleman stated , that he had been induced to the Bill
to give his advooacy , from a demonstration of his constituency in favour of the princi ple it involved . However , he would not pled ge himself to support the measure in its present form . The course he would pursue was to the best of his ability to avoid doing injury to any class . The Bill would be investigated in all its points , and his object with reference to it was , that it should be so framed as to give asmuch satisfaction as possible . Mr . Townsend supported the motion , which was earned , aad the meeting terminated . .
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^^—^ - ^^ ^^^^¦^ MB ^^ H ^ MMWl ^^ Mi ^ MnMMMiMBH TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . Respected Sib , —I am instructed by the Society of Hammermen , in Manchester , in the name of their body , to express their deep and sincere admiration of your public conduct , and the generous liberality shown towards the working class by the able advocacy of their rights by yourself , and the use of the Star for that purpose . The insertion of an address recently issued ' -by them , and which has been noticed at length in your paper , has given them , much satisfaction , for which they again repeat their thanks . Many of them are Chartists—the veritable guards , of whom you are so proud—whilst the name which accompanies this address you have done the honour to designate your "body guard J " Go on , sir , as you have done , and despite ' . the TO : i ? HA-Ti . ftns n-nnwsnD van \ t i >
machinations of secret foes and open enemies , you will yet triumph . The honest , toiling masses in heart and truthfulness are still with you , and aided by them , we feel that your old motto— " The Charter and no Surrender , " will still continue to be the rallying cry for freedom and principle . May God grant you long life , that you may live to see realised some portion of that great Charter for which you have , struggled so well , —laboured so earnestly , —and suffered so much for . : , enclosed ; pamphlet is another address re-? S ^" - ^*^ ^^^^^ *^ ¥ ptt it ( sndffld you deem it worthy your perusal , ) will be found proofs of the good training to which you have submitted the mind of this country , for to your honesty ,-earnestness , and advocacy , the present political intelli gence of the country must be
attri-We deeply regret the many-repeated and ungenerous attacks which have been made upon your personal character and political honesty by men whose own gross and dishonest minds alone could have invented such strange , and marvellous statements . Doubtless they imagined that public confidence by these weekly and daily tirades mi ght be shaken in you , but they were shallow probabilities , and only served to expose their own knavish and ferocious hypocrisy . The weak-the timid-or the selfish changeling may have lost confidence , but these men we want not ; and it . was because your power was built upon the force of moral ri ght and political rectitude , that the honest still stood faithful by you , and the cause of democracy was thus prei vented from thrown
being back by treachery on the one side , and timidity on &e other . J ' « " _ ° To the gentlemen who . c ' onstitute the staff of the Star we trust our best thanks will be presented te tnem for the manliness and ability evinced in their writings , conduct , and management . And to you we would venture to add , that our confidence in you remains unshaken ; that we deem you worthy of every honour and support ; and finally we would say , be of stout heart , —go forward and prosper ,- ^ , and while the devil bites , may you always be strong enough to knock out his brains (?) . For as our immortal Shakespeare writes : — "Bethoupureasice , Chaste as snow Thou shalt not escape calumny . "
Signed on behalf of the Society , in meeting assembled , . Pbter Campbell , Chairman . Manohester , March 15 th . . . ¦
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The Earl of Albeuarlb expired on Saturday morning last . His lordship was the fifth Earl of Albemarle , and was the son of the fourth peer by hi ? first wife , the daughter of Lord de Clifford . His lordship was born in 1794 , and married in 1810 the daughter of Mr . Steer . The earl is succeeded in his title by his brother , the Hon . Col . George Thomas Keppel . Death of Mr . Linion , of Gretna . t—Last week Mr . Linton , well known as the " Bishop of Gretna , " died at his residence , Gretna Hall , after a few days ' illness . Many a loving couple have looked to him for . the exercise . of . that potent spell which has bound them for life .
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' MR O'CONNOR IN MANCHESTER ; - ' ' - I l | af ; pE » sa ^ SSnd ' nfe * i- ^ ^ Suttonoccup edthe ti * e 8 £ l « m * 8 pedch : in hw usual argumenta-Mr ° O'clni ?""^ - " ^ delivery , of his address ShtdS ^ T *' w - t ^ Hall , andwaireceived Ko ' coS ^ nS ° U ^ Oheer 8 & "ith g « at difficulty hi S v to hlS way t 0 th « Platform , and when cheer ^ &v £ F ther « > W * remendous ? Sl \/ 5 ;) When silence was restored , Mr . hfc ttf *** ¦? fm ' mo ™ observations ; and resumed hisseat amidst great applause . A '? ; ! - ^ ; — "'• ¦
' ^ -fcvl . ? AIBMA » ^ en introduoed :: Miv O'Connor to Sf , nf - ' i - eauti < Jncd them not to make any in Mruptipns during his speech should . Mr . O'Con"JlSpV ^ , ^ Volley laid down by , the Ma Tn $ ? £ ? ter , Council . He was sure Mr . '' 0 ' Connov ^ li ^ tl y an y feirty give his opinion and his reasons wh y he differedwith them . He ( Mr . Sutton ) did not know whether'Mr . 'O'Connor differed with ; them or not , but the Council were ready to vinOK ^ te . iheir conduct , n . ' . ¦¦ , '¦ : ¦ ¦ .-. ¦?• , - .. ¦' - ¦; " ' ^ P ^ oipoiir ^ . ^ na rjR 9 fe « reatly ; applauded ; Wften the cheeri 0 g , ha * wbmdedv . hfe « iaid . lie Jwas'riot come among them to create any antagonism , but ; on the contrary , to . make frieads and create union . If they were thoroughly united they would not have such an anomaly as idle hands and ; idle landsand
, importing food to an enormous amount , while they were paying ten millions of money to the parsons , and eight millions to the army .. The whole government expenses of the Uni ted'States of America only amounted to eight millions ; while Jersey and Guernsey , with a population per square mile four times , as great as that of England , five times as great as the population of Ireland , and twelve limes larger than that of Scotland , were exporting food to a great extent . They were going to have a Conference on the 31 st of Maivh ; he approved of it , but it ought to have been sitting . It would have had more weight on Lord John than the tactics of Disraeli . Lord John stated in the House of Commons that it was his intention this saaaion
to propose a large extension of the suffrage , but his colleagues had prevailed upon him to postpone it until nest session . In consequence of John O'Connell supporting the Whigs , his constituency had called upon him to resign , and were determined he should resign . Mr ; O'Connonhen showed how the House of Commons was composed , how all interests were represented except the interest of the labouring classes .: He ( Mr . 0 ^ Connor ) did not blame government—the only persons blamoable were the ' working classes—their disunion was the cause of it , aa the power of all governments was based upon the disunion of the people . He did not believe they could have any real love for their wives and ' children , or they would not see them suffer such misery and destitution . When trade was good , they said ,. leave us alone , but when trade was bad , they cried , lead
us on to . death or glory . . He . had been thirty years in the agitation , and before he died ho would carry the Charter . They would never see the country happy until they got the Charter . He could go into a meeting of ten thousand men , and could pick , blindfolded , out of that meeting , five hundred and sixty-eight better men than those assembled in'the-House of Common ' s , In conclusion , he implored them not to allow antagonism to exist any longer ; What more did ' they ' require than longtriedhonesfc men ' like James Leach ; Daniel Dono . van , their chairman , arid a great many more whom he ¦ saw among them % He ; eould assure them be would never abandon his principles if he stood alone . If they got the Charter , they could get anything that ' the majority deiaired . Mr . O'Connor resumed his seat amidst the applause of the meeting . ¦ ' : ¦ ' ¦ . " • ¦ ; "• ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦'¦' . ¦ .
Mr . Leach rose to propose a vote of thanks to Mr . O'Connor , for his long-tried services in the people ' s cause . He would only add , that h ' e wished ito inform Mr . O'Connor that there was no djvisioniin Manohester . ltwas triie , sonVe thirty or . forty men , 6 ut of a ' populationofW ^ O ^ hid" ! thb ' u&Fiti ' 'Iheinaelves aggrieved ; but it'was too'insjgirincant to call it a division , when no body , or association of organised men * existed . ¦ ¦ ¦ : Mr . Donovan made a neat speech ; enumerating the advantages of the present policy pursued by thp Manchester Council . ¦ ' The vote was carried unanimously . ¦ -Mr ,- O ' Connor ; in reply , was glad that no division existed .- He was always proud to comeamohg the men of Manchester , particularly to such a splendid meeting as the present one . ' '
Mr . Mantle requested the chairman 'to allow him to make a few observations . ' ' He ' very ' cordially ' ajj ? proved of . the vote of thanks to Mr , O'Conrier , aftU deplored as muchasMr . Leach that " any division , should exist , as it was the means of weakening tho democratic ranks . He did not differ with Mr | Leach , —the position he assumed was a niatteriof principle , nevertheless , he would uphold intact the National Charter Association , of which Mr . O'Connor" was a member of its Executive body . Mr . ' 0 Connor had always consist"ntly argued that the Charter should be kept intact ; therefore he was entitled to their sympathy arid support To give them an illustration of the differences between them , so that they might better understand one
another : they had a mayor in Manchester , brie of the middle class reformers , who told the sailors that he should not allow them to collect subscriptions for their support any longer . ' There could never be a fusion of such parties . •• If he and his friends were allowed to speak from their platfornij and to rejoin on fair and honourable terms , that party who held aloof from joining would be tho antagonastio party . If true and honourable resolutions were proposed , lie wouid denounce his own friends , if they would not assist in creating a union on fair and honourable terms . He had said ttai 3 much in reference to the difference , because he was informed that Mr . O'Connor had been speaking on the division . We left this association and formed
another to uphold a principle . Mr . Mantle thanked the meeting , and resumed his seat much applauded . Mr . Leach , in reply to Mr . Mantle , held it ( the division ) not as a matter of principle , but of policy . He had been an inhabitant of Manchester upwards of twenty-five years , and he had ' spent twenty years in agitation . He did not object to " leaders ; " he did not go so far as Mr . ' wantle Leaders would be acknowledged , and the peoplo would make leaders themselves . Then again , Mr . Mantle told thernwhen he spoke of the " people " he meant . the working classes ; now when Die ( Mr . Leach ) spoke of the " people , " he meant every one who had a head on his shoulders . Mr . Leach then referred to Mr . Mantle's suggestion of the seceders
coming back again , and said that that platform was free to all opinions . The seceders had left it on'their own account . If the Executive proposed a satisfactory plan of organisation he should join them . There were thousands of men who held the principles of the Charter , and they were endeavouring from that platform to form a party . Mr . Leach then made an appeal to the meeting , urging them to come forward and assist in obtaining good government , and resumed his seat amidst great applause . The Chairman then introduced Mr . Dicicknson . who said , he greatly deplored tlio division that had taken place among them , but as John said to his Bweatheart , "If you love me show it by your actions , " so he should say in reference to others . The association of which he had the honour to be a member , had put forth their notions as to how they thought the agitation should be conducted ; and he did not fear to vindicate them
before any person . If any one thought they could take them by surprise and beat them , they would take courage , come , again , and vindicate their policy . If he met any man who was honestly endeavouring to obtain an extension of the suffrage , he should not ask him what business or occupation he followed—it was enough for him , if , he was endeavouring to exalt the down-trodden masses of his fellow-countrymen .: He was always ambitious to second or propose a vote . of thank * to their friend Mr . O Connor . Thep ' ress was their greatestenemies , as well as the enemy : of . Mr . O'Connor . Mr . Diekenson humourousl y showed bow little differences would arise , to the amusement of tho meeting , and frequently elicited their applause . Mr . Diekenson concluded by advising the audience to stick fast to the old ship and the old . man , assuring them they would never find a better . The meeting then separated .
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CHARTIST ORGANISATION . The usual public meeting was held at the Literary Institution John-street , Tottenham-court-road , Oil iuesday Mr . Delaporcb wi ^ called to the ohair , and briefly addressed the audience . Mr . Holvoake moved the first resolution , as follows : ~" . That considering tJic ^ fluctuation of polin 3 M 3 ln th ?« 0 UBtry * inwhich a party of the poopk seems neither to be heard of i » or to exist , this meeting is of opinion that the friends of Demo-K ^^ STJBiB ^ M ! ff ^ srSBaffisaaif T S 3 FfPf »»^ tA 'te £ A ^ « " * . ends . He was happy SiPsui , " ^ t ^ gss , t as"ass 5 q £ »« S * them uP ° n-wy Political meetings . The people , were once described by Lord John Rus . sell as a very helpless body . Their object was to removeihi ^ tat / nf hel lef 8 n « sr TWrwertold 2 &m « " T ? ft n *? osed . M the affection of her PePPje- ., Kthe Crowtvwas enabled to do its dutv ^^ f ^^ ' ^^^^ t aconiS degree of affeotioh-tptards it ; but while iVs mmUters were so careful ttf exch . de the great nKf the people from participating in the benefit -of its legislation , they were compelled ; to look with considerable dissatisfaction at its measures It was very dissatisfactory , both to a few in Parliament and to many , out of it , that amid all the recent changes , no party , representing in any decree the
interests ot the people , had been called upon . It was their duty to promote the political education of the people . Their want , of power , arid the decree of insolence : with which they were treated were truisms , and little oould be gained b y repeating them . Their better course was to remedy these evils by increased intelli gence and activity . One of the merits of the programme was that it embraced a field of great extent ; but they must all know that they could at the present only expect the realisation of a few of the most practical of them . They must demonstrate their ability to attend to their own interests , and , in their turn , to the interests of others . They were about to assemble a Convention . Ho trusted that the
delegates who came would bring with them , in writing a detailed account of the organisation in their district , that they might know in whiit they were deficient , and thus . asoertain the means of remedying it . ' The people would be in a state of helplessness until ; they put ¦ . themselves into a way of being better organised . Public opinion had- become a great engine in the legislation . of this country , and the humblest individual , when instructed , - was of weight in it 3 formation ; If people did not understand their interests , they would not attend public meetings , where they were discussed ; and public opinion or the pressure from without , was only collected from these meetings . - They were become a necessary part of tho legislative . influence of the
country , it therefore became their duty to have an organisation amongst themselves ; and they could not attain to organisation without giving up minor points of difforencq . The people had trusted generously , but incautiously ; and they had consequently . beon deceived . Disappointed in their trust , they . had foolishly declared that ; they would trust no more organisation . This was saying they would have no more . By simply having , meetings of themselves this could never be achieved . There was a great mass of ignorance without . There was many , by interest , opposed to them , and many who , by prejudice , thought their interests were opposed . They must endeavour to connect the scattered
elements abroad , and connect it with the people ' s party ; they would then be no longer the creatures of accident . A great fact was like the lever of Archimedes—it would move the world . A man could no more refuse to receive it , if properly propounded , than a man could refuse , with his eyes open , to see the sun at noon day . . Political agitation ia these 2 fy . ? ]\ . D . ecoino ,. like . other ' sciences , n thing oapil- ' bleof being clearly demonstrated . Show him the people to be moved , give him the number of people by which he was to move them , and he could tell within afew months tho time at which the object could be effected . Mr . Holyoake concluded a , long and argumentative speech amid great applause . .
Mr . Benny seconded the resolution . They had a great task in band ; no less than that of teaching Democracy to the whole world . To do this , it required great earnestness . - -Hitherto tho people had failed more . through their own . ignorance , and want , 0 ifj « arne 6 t . nes 8 , 'thi » n from the . exertions of thoae opfKHed to them . It was in a measure the fault of ctptysople , that they had hitherto failed . ( Cries df ; V ; The fault was with tho leaders . " ) Granted—, the ; , fault lay in the . leaders ; but wero not the . people to blame , in not looking after those leaders ? -rriri , allowing them to mislead , or betray them ? The speaker then quoted from Guizot ' s Causes of the'English Revolution , and showed that ' the posses-: siori ' of property was the main lever in all agitations forthe attainment of political power . He was a member of the Co-operative Association , and he was pleased to see that the subject of co-operation
waa . to be discussed in the forthcoming Convention . Working Men ' s Associations gave them the possession of capital ; they then saw that it was impossible to proceed without political power to protect that capital , and interested themselves in an agitation for its attainment . It was essential that they should have a good law of partnership , and he waa pleased that the subject was contained in the programme of the Executive . The property accumulated by working men . was not protected , because they could not afford tho expense of registration as a Joint Stock . Company ; whilst to the wealth y capitalist the expense was immaterial . ( The speaker received considerable opposition while delivering his sentiments relative to the attainment of property , co-operation , arid the law of partnership ) Mr . Pettie and'Mr . D ; O'Connor then presented themselves , and were cheered by their respective friends ; ultimately Mr . Pettie gave .
way Mr . D . O'Connor then commented upon the observations relative to . his . amendment on the programme last week . He eulogised Mr . Holyoake ' s speech as the most cutting satire upon the past policy of the Chartist body . Ho was there as one of the body of unskilled labourers , who was unabled to earn more than nine shillings per week . How was that body to fovrn co-operative associations ? He thought that a great principle was meant for tho whole people , and not for the richer section of them . ( Cheers . ) . Bethought , after the great talk about the Charter and something more , that , in the programme the Executive would have enuncfcted great principles ; but he was deceived . He trusted they would not allow themselves to be led
away by any leaders . Ho was a member of the National Charter Association , but an independent man , belonging to no party or 6 ect , but anxious for the benefit of his class . ( Cheers . ) : , Mr . Pbtiib next addressed the meeting , amid considerable interruption . He belonged to no particular party . Tbe Chartists were so split up into parties that it could not be called the party of the people . Whose fault was this ? ( Cries of The leaders . " ) It was the fault also of the sects ; they cheered one man and hissed another , and thus created this antagonism , Mr . O'Brien had , on a former occasion , denounced all party but his own . ( Cries of "No ; only their measures , " and much confusion . ) This confusion . showed that the evil existed of which he complained . It-was owing to this that there was no party of tbe people . It was dilletante of the people , who applauded none but their own sectarian leaders , that caused this result .
and threw back the bright hopes of the people ( Great confusion , several persons in the gallery and platform attempting to address the meeting . ) Order having been obtained , Mr . Pettie proceeded . There were grave reasons for earnestness and activity , when they saw the activity of the opponents of Universal Suffrage . He . then defended the doctrine of Universal Suffrage at considerable length , and alluded , to the working men who were members of the Assembly in France , as a proof that working men could not be bought or bribed from the cause of the peoplo . He concluded by showing how the people had too often deserted their leaders , and made themselves thus : accountable for . many of their errors and . backslidings . Their cry had been measures , and not men ; yet , at the same time , they were complete idol worshippers , until their idol offended them , when they left him to die of injury and neglect .
Mr . Rogers nuxt addressed the meeting , defending the conduct of Mr . O'Brien . He had not denounced tho conduct or any character of the Executive , but only differed from their programme . In proof , thereof , he referred to the report in Reynold ' s Weekl y Newspaper , ( our reporter was at another meeting and we are indebted to that paper for our report ) Mr . Rogers commented upon the programme esneoially that portion relative to the army . The onlv point in the programme which would benefit the people was the Charter . It contained no princi-
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o plea , but mere details , which , If carried Into effect / would have' no weight in emancipating the greafi bod y of the peoplo Irom tho slavery of capital . The ? speaker was heard with attention , compared to the previous apeakeis . ' ' ' ' 'Mr . . Holyoake , in answer to the various remarks ^ said ho . deplored that any sectarian feeling should exist , but ho did not attribuJe it to Mr . O'Brien , ' they were thankful' to that gentleman or to an / other , who criticised that programme . Was ittoba supposed that they would get even all that the pro * gramme contained ? If his own views had been consulted , it would owly have contained the Charter and a law . of association to render association ' possible . He then defended tho various clauses ia the programme . Mr . Finlen then addressed the meeSmg . He > was opposed to the views- of Mr . Benny , He" believed that they must hove their political ! rights ? before they could obtain their social rights : A vote of thanks was given to the chairman . ThV re * solution was then carried , and the meeting : dis * - . solved .
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. REPEAL OP THE PAPER DUTY . ¦ A meeting of Irish members and other gentle * men took place on Monday at the King ' s Arms , Palace-yard ; Westminster , for the purpose of con * sidering what measures would bo most efficacious for impressing on the Chancellor of the Exchequer the desirability of repealing tho paper duty , as especially important to the promotion of the manur fiioturing industry . of Ireland . John Reynolds , Esq ., M . P ., in the chair . . The Chairman opened the proceedings by stating : the pleasure he felt in finding that the Irish com * mittee , organised to obtain the repeal of the ex 6 isa duty on paper , were still actively engaged in promoting the object they had in view . The Irish ,
committee had on the 31 st of January last called a meeting of the citizens of Dublin , over which the Lord ; Mayor presided . That meeting was most ; numerously and respectably attended , and a deputj ^™ . ^^ RPWnted , to wait on the Chancellor of tne . Exeh ^ uer . ' . aind . espfeBs ' to him the . 8 entiment 9 of the people of . ' lrela nd . ' as to ' the advantage whioU would acferue ' frorn ' the rep ' eal ' of ; the excise ' duiyloii paper . ' - Be ( Mr . Reynolds ) haij th ^ honouFof being one of that deputation , whioh was most courteously received ; bylthe Chancellor of-the Exchequer , who heard all that they had to sayj" though he did not say one word on the subject himself . ( Laughter . V He ( Mr . Reynolds ) however thought they had made some impression upon the Chancellor of . the
Exchequer , and he therefore felt very much surprised when he heard him bring forward his memorable and most unfortunate financial statementor budget , as it was called in parliamentary language . In that budget it was proposed to give some relief to England and Scotland but none to Ireland . . He did not at " all quarrel with the relief fronrtaxatlon to be given to those countries ; in . deed he only wished . it was more , but tho paper tax was one which affected all parts of the kingdom , and England and Scotland more than Ireland , for that country only piiidone-fiftecn +, h part of thetitx . Ho was anxious to see all excise regulationsremoved which interfered with thediffusion of useful knowledge amonpst tho people —( cheers)—but helooked upon . this , tax purely as a labour question ..
There was a very large amount of the population of Ireland Runk in poverty which could at once obtain profitabln employment if this tax were removed , and upon that ground alone he was prepared to support its repp . iI . ( Choi * rs . ) To prove ' what were the opinions of his constituents on this subject , he might mention that a tow nights sihea he had had tho honour of presenting a petitionrelative to it from the citizens of Dublin , . which was signed by 20 , 000 persons in forty-eight hours . The object of their again assembling was to reconsider this question , for the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer had been doomed to the tonib from the first , where it still laid , and where lie . trusted it would remain , that hon . gentleman having expressed his intention of remodelling it ; and it therefore seemed desirable again to press the claims of this . tax upon his consideration . It was therefore now proposed that a deputation should wait
upon the hon . gontlenun on tho subject . , Ho should be sorry to get the name of a ' grievancemonger in the House of Commons . He was aware that fi great many imaginary grievances were frequently brought before that house ; but , unfortunately his country laboured under so many real grievances , that there was no necessity for any member of that country to bring forward imaginaryones . The manufacturing industry of that country waa almost prostrated . Hor agriculturists depressed , and the pressure on the poor-rates very oppressive . lie . was glad that England was in a . state ; of manufacturing and commercial prdsptrity , though his country did not partake of it . He trusted that meeting would appoint a deputation te wait on the Chancellor of the Exchequer , and pressupon him the necessity of repealing this . tax , and that the fight how . gentleman would not again close his ears to their complaints , as he did on the last occasion . ( Cheers . )
Mr ' . M'CuiXAon , M . P ., moved aresolution to theeffect : — " That the excise duty on paper impeded the progress and extension of its manufacture , and by paralysing enterprise , operated most injuriously on tho interests of trade , and the employment ofthe people . ' . ' The object of that : meeting was specially confined to endeavouring to obtain a repeal of tho paper duty , irrespective of the other duties on knowledge . As a sincere friend to a repeal of the whole of these taxes , he felt justified in supporting the repeal of this tax as a primary measure . He would do all in his power to supporV the cause . . . Mr . Facan , M . P ., seconded the resolution , which was unanimously adopted . ¦ ¦
Jonx Oijeene , Esq ., then moved , that as her Majesty ' s government had expressed their intention , of making some modification in their budget , a deputation be requested to wait upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer , for the purpose of impressing upon him the expediency of removing the excise duty on paper , an impost which pressed with great severity on an important branch of native industry , and that , a communication be made with the right honourable gentleman , requesting that he would favour the deputation with an interview for that purpose . Sir . T . O'Brien seconded tho resolution , and expressed his determination to use every means in his power to effect the repeal of the tax .
• The resolution was put and carried unanimously . Mr . Cowan , ( M . P . for Edinburgh ) could not help expressing his gratification afc the energy with which the Irish had taken up . this question , and he regretted that it had not been pressed , upon the attention of the government with equal energy by other . portions of the empire . He thought , that if the question was pressed upon the government by the Irish representatives as a labour question , ft was likely to meet with considerable attention . Indeed , the export trade was almost entirely ruined by the excise regulations . He would not enter into the commercial part of the question , as to how far tho excise duty affected the manufacture of paper but as a labour question promoting the employment of the people , he felt it would be a most powerful
one in the hands of the Irish representatives , as , under the present system , it would be impossible to any extent to increase the manufacture . He should be most happy to attend the deputation , and eive his best assistance to the subject ; and although he considered it a question which materially affected all classes , he thought that upon this ocoasion it ought to be treated as almost entirely an Irish , question . After considerable discussion on this subject it was agreed that the deputation should consist essentially of Irish representatives , but that it should be supported and assisted by the friends of the cause from other parts of the kingdom . Other resolutions having been passed to carry out the objects of the meeting , a vote of thanks wasgiven to the chairman , and the meeting separated .
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THE ADVERTISEMENT DUTY . On "Wednesday afternoon , a deputation , representing a portion of the daily and weekly press of the metropolis , waited b y appointment on Lord J . Russell , at his official residence in Downing-street , for tbe purpose of submitting a statement of the case in support of tho claim for a repeal of the Advertisement Tax . The deputation included the following gentlemen : —Mr . Grant , Mr . Young , Mr , Thornton Hunt , Mr , Francis , Mr . Spicer , and Mr . Pratt . Several other gentlemen connected with the metropolitan press , who bad intimated their intention of being present , were unavoidably
detained . The deputation were accompanied by Mr . Ewart , M . P . The Hon . C . P . Villiew , M . P " ., Alderman Sir James Duke , M . P ., and Mr . Brotherton had promised to attend the deputation , 'but they did not arrive in time to join the other members . The deputation having stated their obieotionstothis impost , and Mr . Ewart havins said that he trusted the deputation had succeeded in convincing his lordship they had a \ Prv strong case , Lord John Russell ( smiling ) remarked that li heard many ^ thev strong cases as well HpthnnWaS E » ff « Arw 25 S
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~*— - ¦ " i — .-- *»» . ... THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER . UO COXFIDEScFlN MINISTERS . The following Petition was presented on Thursday evening to the House of Commons by Mr . Peargus O'Connor :-. Unto the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament Aspembled . The Petition of a Public Meeting of the Citizens of Glasgow Sheweth That your petitioners have beheld , with the deepest" feelings . of sorrow and regret , during the fete-ministerial crisis , tiie extreme- difficulties . with which her Most Gracious Majesty , the ¦ Qu ' e ' enV ap . pears to have been beset in her endeavours to select properly qualified persons to fill the ' importantoffices of State , then to be vacated by the resignation of all
the Members of the Cabinet , of which the Bight Hon . Lord John RusBell was Prime Minister . From these circumstances many of her Majesty ' s loyal subjects have been led to form tbe opinion that the political genius of our country is fading away—that those brilliant qualities of British statesmanship , by which it was wont to be distinguished , are graduall y declining—that , consequently , we have past the meridian of Britian ' s greatness and glory , and that shortly she must be numbered amongst the many mighty empires which now exist only in historythat as it now appears difficult , so it may soon be . came impossible to find men thoroughly competent to discharge the duties of members of her Majesty ' s government with either credit to themselves or advantage to the nation , whose welfare is entrusted to
their guardianship . . . . Your petitioners , however , would beg most respectfully to state to yonr Honourable House that their opinions on the matter in question differ materially from those other of her Majesty ' s subjects who have been led to adopt the foregoing . ; Tour petitioners would respectfully assure your Honourable House that amongst her Majesty ' s suhjeds there are yet to be found many men in all respects fully qualified to perform the duties of advisere of * er Majesty-: with honour to themselves and pr 5 fittdthe ] W 3 gW :
Ydur ^ j JBmibhers believe that the genius and tbe patriotism of our beloved country is neither dead nor dying—that the sun of Brhjsh greatness has not yet past its meridian—that more glorious days await us than any we have yet seen , should it he consistent with her Majesty ' s royal will and pleasure to widen the circle sufficiently out of which to choose her political advisers—to throw herself unreservedly on the resources of her people ; and thousands will be found able and willing to serve her Majesty , whose abilities and virtues cannot ap ; pear , so long as her Majesty " shall confine herself within the narrow sphere of intellectual activity , from which it has been too frequently the custom to select the responsible advisers of the Crown . '
Your petitioners are firmly convinced that the aristocracy , as a class , are , as regards their fitness for the duties of statesmanship , completely " used up . " The nation is too enlightened now to be governed by their assumed hereditary wisdom . This utilitarian age requires men of mind , experience , and business habits , and these are qualities which , in the judgment of your petitioners froaa the traditions , associations , and pursuits of the aristocracy , they cannot reasonably be expected to possess ; ard hence the lamentable exhibition of degeneracy and impotency witnessed during tbe late very critical period .
Your petitioners would , therefore , request of your honourable House to refuse your support to a Ministry for whom the great body of her Majesty ' s subjects have no respect , and in whom they can place no confidence , convinced as they are of their utter incompetency to manage the affairs of tbe State , and proceed forthwith to pass into law the document known as tbe People ' s Charter , with a view to constituting merit in all time to come , the only passport to all offices of political authority and power .
May it therefore please your honourable House to oppose the presenter any other Ministry whorefuse to give their sanction to the principles of the People ' s Charter , by such constitutional means as may , in your judgments , appear most likely to secure the ends . - And your petitioners shall ever pray . Signed in name of a public meeting of the citizens of Glasgow , held at Glasgow , the 13 th March , Anno Domini 1851 . Peter Muibhead , Chairman .
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Ii is estimated that the present number of slaves in the United States is 2 , 933 , 000 .. Tho increase in ten years had been at the rato of 18 | per cent . t j S ? TENANTRY . -It is a ouriou « fact that of all Lord Dmorben ' s tenantry in the counties of Anglesey and Carnarvon there is not a married pair ; all are single , either old maids , bachelors , widows , or widowers , together with a bachelor agent to ma-5 £ S ? ? 'note .. MalthuBianism , ' indeed , ia here T&mBi . -North WaUs Chmick .
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: - - / ' ^^^^ ^ .-. ™ - ™ .. ' [_ , — / > n |! s ? . H : p # ^ __ . AND NATIOKAT / TJilliiitTTOiT , \
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T « B ¦ TOLjWjo , 698 , LONDON , SATURDAY , MAM ^ jgSF ^^ ^~?^^~ ^» vB » * . — - ~ — ' ;¦ : ¦ - ^—I ^ V ^' . ' - ¦¦ -: ¦ : ; :. ; :- : ^ ¦ : Flyc-ShHH » g , « d Sixpe » c < , p « r Quarter ... , .
- "Onward^And You Conquer,' Backward, And You Fall" ' * . ¦¦ • . The People's Charter, ; And Ffo Surrender. To The Down-Trodden Millions.
- " Onward ^ and you conquer , ' Backward , and you falL" ' * . ¦¦ . THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , AND ffo SURRENDER . TO THE DOWN-TRODDEN MILLIONS .
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PAPAL AGGRESSION . On Wednesday night a public meeting of the Protestant inhabitants of the borough of Southwark was held , in the large room ot the Bridgehouse Hotel , to petition Parliament for an effectual bill of protection against the designs of Popery . J . Tickers , Esq ., in the chair . The meeting was addressed by Apsley Pellatt , Esq ., . the Rev . Dr , Armstrong , E .- Turner , Esq ., the Rev . Mr Hulbert , the -Bev . Mr . Curling , and others , The meeting is only worthy of notice , fron the intolerance displayed to those who sup < ported religious liberty , and were opposed to penal enactments for its suppression , and th < stroDg ^ J §§ guage made use of by its promoters of wtucfLiJiie following is a sample . The Rev . Mr . CurllngdOODcluded his speech , as follows :-If the Pope-once .: aoaui succeeded he would tun
England into a slaughterhouse ; therefore he said this measure was not one of persecution , but one of protection against a policy which would rob . us of both life and liberty ! Popery was a conspiracy of robbers and murderers , against the lives and liberties of mankind . [ Here an elderly gentleman rose in great excitement , at the platform , and cried out tl ™*} Stand this t - " —groans and shouts of bit down ! " and confusion , in the midst Sr « ,- lhe gentleman resumed his seat . ] Mr . Curling continued , how _ were . they , to prevent Cardinal Wiseman and his co-conspirators against the lives and liberties of England ? It was only by passing a plain spoken act that no Jesuit can put down ; and seeing that they conld not be trusted , and that to imprison them would be to make them martyrs , tbe only way to punish the Cardinal and his co-bishops , if they broke a plain act of parliament , would be to send them out of the country . ( Prolonged and vehement applause . )—The meeting terminated with the usual vote of thanks to the chairman .
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Trad ehrvf « f r 7 ' observe m the Board of arovaloSrtJ -S 1 ° thclrishFcatCom P any " »* senTtLi , ife" , gr « "ted , provided the repret ^ «« 1 f * hlob bavo been r'gWly investigated by 3 000 Mm P 1 ' ° P 1 ? clically tl ue ' There are ^ nffl 5 - ° peat -b ° g in Ireland . PW nothing to proprietors . The patentees propose , as far as we remember , to obtain , amongst other produets , a kind of napthu , an alkali , a disinfecting agent , and manure . . They will commenco operations forthwith on the banks of tho ltoynl Canal , about forty miles from Dublin , and the result ia looked to . with great interest .-iiwrary Gasm . , ;
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 22, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1618/page/1/
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