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Rational Uanti erompany*
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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worningi at HorBemonger-lane Gaol . Several ma lefactor are awaiting the same fate , and many new aspirant for the gallows are makjDfftlieir appearance . Trul y , we are an enlig htened and civilised people , COLONIAL . Great rejoicings had . taken place at Port phfflip on account of its separation from New gouth "Wales , and erection into an independent colony . "We presume that Dr . Lakg , and the Radical party , will not allow the powers granted by the Australian Colonies Act , of last session , to lie dormant . That ¦ » " ° ' ' f .- *? ° " ! !^^ -1 r ° - ^ CTera '
Act empowers them to frame a Constitution for themselves ; and , as Dr . Lasg threatened Earl GiffiY when he left this country , in 1849 , with the " United States of Australia , " it may be presumed he - will not neglect the leverage the change will give him . If any additional impetus towards a Government—whether Republican or Monarchicalentirely free from Downing-street tyranny and mis-government , were needed , the Colonists of Port Phillip will find it in the present state of Van Diemen ' s Land . Transportation to this colony was discont inued four years ago , on representations of the most urgent and
appalling kind , as to the evils it inflicted on the colonists . Earl Gbey , however , eeems to fcaveresolved to renew the practice , and it has given rise to great excitement in the colony In order to avert the stream of felony from their shores , the colonists have formed an € t Anti-Transportation Society . " But they occupy a different position to { he Cape colonists , who succeeded in heating off the cargoes of criminals consigned to their shores . A very large portion of the Tasmanian population is either criminal , or of criminal extraction . The result is , that counter-associations have been formed . " The Prisoners'
Protection Society" is a great ^ . confederation , for the avowed purpose of returning a majority to the Legislature at the first General Election under the 2 ? ew Constitution . In feet , it appears as though a war of extermination was impending between the free Eettlers and the emancipists . In "Western Australia also the convicts have become a source of uneasiness to the Government , and alarm to the colonists . Looking forward to the time when successive importations from our gaols and hulks will place them in the ¦
majority , they coolly intimate then * intention of dictating their own conditions . Bather an unpleasant hint , when the great probability is , that it will shortly he carried into effect . It is Sigh time the Home Government began in good earnest to settle this same convict discipline and transportation question . Unless grappled with vigorously it may entail dangerous and deplorable consequences , both upon the colonies and the Mother country . . In other respects , the news from the Australian group is comparatively satisfactory .
From China the principal item of intelligence is the breaking out of a war between the Confucian and Roman Catholic Chinese in Macao . Many of the plantations of the Christian Chinese have been destroyed , and the district inhabited by them has been placed under military protection , after a great number © f the devoteea of the old orthodox faith were Ebot . The Indian Mail contains little noteworthy . With some trifling exceptions , peace is preserved . A daring outrage was perpetrated by £ ome Khyberees , upon Capt . Grantham and
a lady , in the neighbourhood of Peshawar . As they were taking their evening ride , the officer was dangerously wounded in sis or seven places , and the horses were carried off . The ^ epaulese Ambassador , who lately caused so much excitement in London , and was followed by such a crowd of sight-seeers , -whenever he made his appearance—has , on his return to his own country , narrowly escaped assassination , by aband of conspirators , which included some of his own near relations . He had previously shown his appreciation of our
hospitality by refusing entrance into the Nepaulese territory of an English officer who wanted fiport , and Dr . Hookek , an eminent botanist , who wanted to pursue his scientific researches in his own department . It would seem , therefore ,, that JuXG Bahabob has not carried away a very favourable idea of us . Perhaps he thinks that a people cursed with such an unscrupulous appetite for extended dominion , and who possess such arsenals as he was shown while in this country , are best at a distance . If so , we cannot cannot blame him .
FOREIGN . Civil War has broken out in Portugal , the cmly object of which seems to be the removal of Count Thomas—the notorious Cosia Ca-Mial , by Saldasha—and the party opposed to him . It will be a mere party fight , in which the people are not , in the slightest degree , interested ; and the having recourse to ' arms for £ Bch a purpose says little for either the wisdom or the power of the " outs . " However defective the Portuguese Constitution maybe , Saldaj « ha and his Mends might surely find better means than cannon , muskets , swords , and bayonets , to turn out an obnoxious political rival .
Matters have not yet come to blows in France , but every preparation is being made by the hostile parties for a keen and determined conflict . Louis Napoleon has at length constituted a Ministry of the most reactionary character . Leon Faucheb , who is at its head , is one of the most fanatical opponents of the opinions which are bo popular in France . He was the author of the bill which disfranchised one half of the people ; and M . Baroche , the read y tool of the factions , is infamous for his suppression of the Liberty of the Press . From such an administration ! nothing but tyranny and despotic * repression can he expected .
It h as however only a weak position in the Assembl y . A motion of censure , made the moment it appeared , was only lost by fift y-two votes , and many influential Legiti-^ aists , Orleanists , and Moderates kept away , desirous , we presume , of not turning them out at once . That , however , is no pledge of continued neutrality . In the meantime , Fatt-Cuer ostentatiously shakes hands with Chan-Garxieb , as a hint that if need be , he will spare neither powder nor steel . After all 1852 will prove a- greater puzzle to ' the conspirators against the constitution than they have discovered the means of unriddling .
Spain is in the throes of a Ministerial crisis . The Cortes lias oeen dissolved , and the new Ministers have dismissed the government employes wholesale , in order that Nak-Vaez may not find puppets in the Government graces , to be moved by the wires reaching from Par is . . German and Italian affairs remain almost » stata quo . Nothing hut the same dull talk fooutlrankfort Diets , and so forth , but action 18
susp ended . The American Mail brings nothing remark a 'e , except another foolish article in the New * «* Herald , in which Mr . Goedou Besnett Onngs his inventive facnlties into play , and ^ Bja ces up a gigantic confederation of Ame-- ^ n , French , Italian , German , Hungarian , « w British revolutionists , at the World's * air next month . All we can say of the " ¦ tter iB , that it appears to us " very like a whale . "
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DiBKG « B Imjbdest Robbebt . — On Tuesday « ormo last , shortly after the premises had been opened for business , some daring young ttotf hnpndently entered and stole an oil paintinp , in a gilt itametf no small dimensions , from the front win-Wwof Mr . Walesby , 12 , Old Bond-street . A re-3 * ctable tradesman , residing near the spot , who *?« particularly noticed the painting when exhibited in the window , saw a boy walking off with it wwards Piccadilly on the morning in question , but supposin g , from the careless manner in which he ' enf along , that he was employed as a porter by Wine one who had purchased it from Mr . Walesby , > o suspicion was then excited , and the daring scamp escaped wtb Ms fcooty . - '
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A public meeting of a number of the shareholders of the above Company was held on Sunday afternoon , at the City Chartist Hall , Golden-lane . Mr . Erench in the chair . —Mr . Eroomfield explained that the object of the meeting was to adopt means , by subscriptions , &c ., to purchase up the shares of the dissatisfied members of tha Company ; and with the dividends arising from them , when tfee Company was wound up , to purchase back the property , or a portion thereof . —Mr . 'Wheeler , at some length , explained the method to be pursued , and the necessity of getting themselves enrolled as a
JLiOan Society . —Mr . Hopkins showed the beneficial results which would flow from the project , and promised it his active support . —Messrs . liegenzer , Endean , and others , spoke in favour of the object . —Mr . Bloomfield moved , and Mr . Batten seconded , the appointment of a committee to draw up rules for the formation of the society , which was earned , and the following persons were elected : — Messrs . TPindeler , Broomfield , Wheeler , Stratton , Hopkins , Endean , Slocombe , Edwards , Batten , Hampden , Reach , lAewellyn , and Tregenzer . Mr . Wheeler was appointed secretary , and the committee agreed to meet on the ensuing Wednesday evening .
The adjourned meeting of the committee , appointed on Sunday , met on Wednesday evening , at the . City Chartist Hall , Golden-lane . Mr . French resuming the chair . —Mr . Wheeler reported that he had Been Mr . O ' Connor , and that gentleman highly approved of their project , and would render them any assistance in Ms power . Mr . Wheeler then laid before them a code of rules for the for * mation of the society , prepared according to the Act of Parliament . —Mr . Broomfield also brought forward rules upon the subject , framed upon those of a society of which he is manager . After much
deliberation and discussion , the rules proposed by « " TOu * i er were ado P ' ed witn some modification . Mr . wheeler was elected secretary , pro Urn ; Mr . Wmdeler , treasurer , pro tern . Upwards of twenty shares were taken , and the deposits paid thereon . A considerable amount of scrip was also deposited . The following address was agreed to , and ordered to be inserted in the Northern Star . The secretary was instructed to call , by advertisement , a public meeting on the following Wednesday evening ,. and submit the rules to that body prior to taking them to T idd Pratt for enrolment . The committee then adjourned until Sunday afternoon .
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Capital v . Labobr . —We understand , that in consequence -of the indictment for conspiracy of Mr Peel , secretary of the National Association of United Trades , and other * , arising out of the strike oftheWolverhampton Tin Plate Workers , that a Central Committee has been formed , consisting of delegates from the trades of London . This Committee intends meeting every Thursday evening at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , when it is hoped that every trade , in the metropolis will send a representative to decide a question so vital to the interests and welt-bemp tf the labouring classes . i
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HATIOHAL REFORM ASSOCIATION A public meeting took place at the Edinburgh Castlo , Khodeswell-road Liraehouse , on Tuesday , to give the members of the association who reside in this locality an opportunity of stimulating the government to make tno promised bill for the extension of the suffrage a complete measure for the representation of the people . Mr . T . J . Serle in the chair . In opening the proceedings , The Chairman- observed that those who occupied the platform had come amongst the humbler classes as fellow citizeni , and with the same object in view , although it had been most absurdly stated that they were " paid for speaking " on these occasions . Their present position was one of considerablo interest , and they required onh time to work haitoal eewrm associatios .
out the principles they advocated . It must be their endeavour to impress upon the government of the country the absolute necessity of making that which they had promised to them a real performance . They wished in fact , to point out to the legislature that it was their duty to strike the roots of their reform deep into the soil , that the tree may grow . la this important movement the middle classes would not be content with any advantages of their own , but would fight earnestly with the people to make the reform strong and universal . Mr . Serle then explained the objects and principles of the association , observing that they sought the extension of the suffrage to every man who was at the head of a family , and occupied what might be called a home of his own . This boon they must
endeavour to accomplish in the face of an oligarchy which he would never fail to denounoc as mean and selfiBh . The reform they desired to obtain would tend to the benefit of the people , and in order to effect their purpose , they must begin by gainiDg a certain amount of power . They must secure , in the first instance , household suffrage in its extended sense , and this would eventually lead to universal suffrage . The extension they deBired would add three millions to the constituency of the country , and even if they did not succeed in obtaining the suffrage for those who occupied apartments as well as the inhabitants of houses , they should still enfranchise a very large portion of the community who were now unrepresented . Next to the extension of the suffrage , they demanded a more equal
division of the electoral districts—a state of things ¦ which would prevent the occurrence of such scenes as had lately taken place at Aylesbnry and St . Albans , where Bome few voters had been brought from the country to vote for the borough . In addition to the objects he had named , they also advocated the system of voting by ballot , as the very best means of securing honour and purity at elec-1 u a' T ! iey desir * » moreover , an alteration in thedttration of parliaments . Annual parliaments had been claimed , hut the members of this association would be content with triennial parliaments , because experience had taught them that the business of the country rendered it necessary that more than one year Bhould be given to a specific measure . There were other queetions which entered
into their consideration , and amongst them was that of the abolition of the qualification which was required to fit a man to take his place as a member of the House of Commons . The present mode of qualification was an idle , silly , insulting farce . It was well known that there were many pers ons in the house who derived the necessary £ 300 from their friends , but who could not produce 300 pence of their own if they were called upon to do so . A man who was really independent could be honest with very little , and . the pecuniary qualification , therefore , should be abandoned altogether as a premium to that which was false . Lord John Russell had promised them reform in the representation , and they must not cease to agitate until they had compelled him to keep his word . Mr . Serle
concluded by an earnest appeal on behalf of the Association , and by denouncing the present electoral system . Mr . Newton proposed the first resolution , stating that the fact of the Reform Sill having failed to render the House of Commons a reflex of the opinions of the people , was now admitted by the government in their promised measure for the extension of the suffrage .. The meeting , therefore , desired to record its opinion that representation should at least be commensurate with the expanded intelligence of the operative classes . He observed that as the differences between the two factions in the house had induced the government to eay that reform was necessary rthe people must take advantage of these differences and turn them to thoir own
account . Mr . Alum seconded the resolution , and Sir Fhascis Knowks supported it , stating that if the people could once obtain a recognition of their principles , they would not long fail to achieve the objects for which they were agitating . By tie present representative system , the privilege of voting was limited to the few who held property in towns and counties , and the finances of the public , as applied to elections , were used , in such a manner that instead of being devoted to the government of the country they were employed in supporting a power which was taken from the people at large . The motion was carried unanimously , and was followed by another resolution , declaring that the objects of the National Reform Association were calculated to create such a moral union of the middle and working classes as would stimulate Ihe government to meet the constitutional demands of the people . This resolution was also passed , and the meeting separated .
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MTIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . ¦ T . S . Bwcombe , Esq ., U . P ., President . Exallished 1815 , " HAT JUSTIIU , " iiill ^ ss = tmng not to De punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced iStuaet Mill . ^ ri off * ^** ^ ' and its influence for fw = tL upon th 0 intere 8 ts of labour , has c as / es feV reXed * r stionbetvTeen the working X " Sol . emtdOCt 0 r 8 ofthe " P olit ™ l eel By the one class , every fresh scientific discover * . mecnanical -r .., ¦ ,,,..
,.-or new invention whereby manual a 5 nmii J Upe t " ^ Opened , iU Us an Xadfbvth'r SP 8 ™* " ** every attempt that the ^ r nro / reL ^} mg metl to mist or obstru <* »? SE OT ? ' denounce < i as a crime against sonna y nftw ^ mr 80 and ignorant violation of one of the cardmal canons of social economy . But , posesscdof a pretty intimate and extensive knowledge of the disposition and opinions of the muchabused liibounng classes upon this and other questions attectmg their interests , we give it as our deliberate opinion that they are neither so wickedly perverse , nov so ignorantly stupid upon this question , as they are supposed to bef
We Know the great majority of working men are fully sensible of the value and importance of scientific and mechanical discoveries , and that they are only opposed to a monopoly by capitalists of the advantages arismg from their introduction . It . is to the abuses , and not to the uses of machinery , that their opposition extends . They conceive they have a prescriptive right , to live by their , labour , and that no cousidrr ; ition of public benefit can iustify an invasion M that right . They are strengthened and justified in this assumption by the universal recognition of the principle of compensation , when the vested interests of individuals . are required to be surrendered for the public good . Even vested iaterests . in public wrongs have frequently been successful obstacles to the most manifest public benefits : witness the violent opposition to the
Municipal Reform Bill , set up by the Clerks of the Pence and other paid functionaries in the old corrupt boroughs , which opposition could only b 8 neutralised by the introduction by the Government of the day of a compensation clause , by which the vested rights of these parties were ' commuted by a life annuity . Even that foul sink of corruption and fraud—the Palace Court in Scotland-yard—could not be annihilated until the counsel and attorneys were compensated for the surrender of their injurious monopoly by an act of Parliament . And at the present time , Lord Brougham ' s well-intentioned efforts to extend the benefits of the New County Courts Aot , are paralysed and nearly irustrated by the clamours of hungry attorneys , as expressed through their champion—the Lord Chancellor Truro .
We know it « alleged by the political economists , that the introduction of machinery , however it may appear in some instances to supersede manual labour , yet that it opens up new and increased demands for it in other departments , and that in the long run tbe working classes are immensely benefited by its introduction . We believe this argument is more specious than real . Our own observation certainly doeB not bring conviction to our mindB of the soundncBB of this position . We fail to discover the ameliorating influences of machinery upon the fortunes of the hand-loom weavers . We have had painful experience of its cruel operation upon the Blook Printers of Lancashire . We have seen , with our own eyes , skilled
, talented workmen , breaking stones upon the roads leading to the Printworks of the great champion of Free Trade , tho renowned and . cgregiously flattered Riohard Cobden . Wo have been eye-witnesses also to the mode by which employment is created to compensate for its injurious effeots in isolated cases . Wo well remember visiting , in the performance of our duties , a body of Block Printers at Compsal Bridge , Derbyshire , when the secretary of the body came to us with his wrists abraded by bis labour , at the wash tub , . which dignified employment he had been doomed to by the combined operation of machinery in destroying his legitimate means of living , but compensating him for his losses by opening up to his wife employment in a cotton
factory . His thirty or forty shillings , as a skilled Block Printer , was taken from him , by the introduction of machiniry and steam power into his trade ; and ho was liberally compensated by the employment of his young wife in a cotton factory , at a wage of ton or twelve shillings per week . All the natural usages of a civilised society in this , as in a thousand similar instances , were rudely violated for the aggrandisement of capital , and the working classes are coolly required to submit to these manifest robberies for the public good . . , It is not possible to assign limits to the advance of scientific and mechanical improvements , for they do not advance at a sufficiently accelerated speed . We would wish to see manual labour , in all
its most painful and revolting exemplifications , absolutely superseded by mechanical agency , but we are curious to discover the legislative wisdom which shall provide for the due maintenance of perhaps seven millions of industrious heads of families , whose means of subsistence for themselves , and some fifteen millions of those dependent upon them , depend upon their daily labour . Wo offer this for the calm consideration of the Messrs . Wilson , Cobden , Bright , and Co . We have also been led into these reflections by a case which has occupied some large portion of public attention , and has been a fruitful source of much ridiculous display of public sympathy . We allude to the case of tbe London CooperB , who , itappears , are not
sufficiently patriotic to sacrifice themselves at tbe shrine of" public good . " The Coopers of Great Britain are a well-organised body , and , by their organisation , have been able to maintain their wages from any very material infringement . And it appears , also , thatthey have imbibed the " wooden" idea tbat the introduction of machinery into their trade , to which each of them have sacrificed seven of the best years of their lives , however beneficial to their employers and the public at large , would be to them an unmitigated injury . They , therefore , have taken defensive measures against the approach of , to them , an undisguised enemy . It then appears that one Charles Evans joined that society , of course with a full knowledge and appreciation of their
laws and policy . A Mr . Rosenburg introduces a machine by which tho labour of the Coopers would be depreciated , without any compensating equivalent . The Coopers are coolly expected to offer up themselves a sacrifice , for the . especial benefit of Mr . Rosenburg and the publio good—a sacrifice which wo think neither Mr . Rosenburg nor the publio have any right to expect . It appears ,, however , that Charles Evans is willing to give his serviceB to Mr . Rosenburg , to assist in working a machine by which the labour of perhaps hundreds of his fellow workmen and brother associates would be superseded , and , at the same time , in opon violation of the rules of tho society , which he had in honour pledged himself to observe . Of course the
Coopers treat him as a renegade and a wastrel They properly refuse to work in the same shop with so thoroughly & dishonourable character Wherever ho appears , they fly in a body , as from a moral contagion . This appears like a concerted conspiracy ; and by the promptings and tbe purse of Mr . Rosenburg , and other masters , certain of the coopers are indicted for a conspiracy to destroy and to impoverish the immaculate Charles Evans . As a matter of course a verdict is obtained against the men , and various slight punishments are awarded . Tho men issue from their prison witli all the odour of martyrdom , and are petted and fOted by their fellow workmen , and the renegade Charles Evans is no nearer employment than hfiffva Tin
is universally despised by all honest men , and no master can employ him ( notwithstanding thendeep sympathy ) but at the sacrifice of their tradea requirement too largo even for their excessive virtue and charity . Charles Evans is advised to appeal to » magistrate , Mr . Yardley , of the Thames police-court , and a flood of virtuous indignation is drawn from that worth y functionary . The wounds of the sensitive Charles Evans are salved over by the very improper appropriation of 10 s . from the poor box , and Bundry sympathetic contributions are announced from several foolish sympathisers with cowardice and UisuQnour . The magistrate , Mr . Yardley , indulged in verv
unnecessary ana impertinent remarks upon the conduct and policy of the Coopers' Society , which can only be excused by the supposition of his utter ignorance . of tbeir position . But the following paragraph , which we extract from the Times of the 11 th inst ., will , we think , clearly exonerate the Coopers Society from any undue sensitiveness upon . tne question of machinery , from tho imminent danger to which they ( as a trade in which they had the most valuable period of their lim ) ffcre ex . posed by tho policy , of Mr . Rosenburg , backed by the assistance of tbeir worthless and dishonoured associate—Charles Evans
" Extbaobbisary CooPERAoB .-The appVcation of science to the increased production of articles necessary for commerce , has rarely been exhibited in f , S ! « g casks ' barrel 8 ' P ^ cheons , and T ftlu K £°° P » ge "ne , in a space of time which literally baffies belief . One of the machines V in , £ m T . ratlon at 'be St . Rollox works . An onlooker must be astonished to find the staves Of ft"'" ??? , ca 8 k P"pared , put together , and headed in a little more than ten minute ! The 1 » fi ? ° H cuttiD fi and Joining are done with mathematical precision , and all thehand really has to do is to arrange the Btaves and fix the heads , aU the rest IS accomplished by machinery ,-and with
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BALANCE SHEET OP THE NATIONAL CONVENTION ASSEMBLED IN LONDON MARCH 31 si , 1851 . SB . £ s . d . Bermondsey , 0 d 0 Birmingham ' 0 10 0 Bradford ( York ) 0 10 0 Brechin ... , 0 10 0 Bristol 10 0 Cheshire ... ... ... 1 0 0 City and Pinsbury ... 0 10 0 Darlington 0 9 0 Dundee 0 10 0 Edinburgh . 0 10 o
Epter •„ 0 10 0 Glasgow , , „ „ , •; .. 0 10 0 Greenwich and Kent 12 0 Halifax i oo Huddersfield 0 10 0 Hull 0 10 0 Kircardine-on-Forth 0 8 C Lambeth 0 5 0 Leicestershire ... ... ... ... 10 0 Merthyr Tydvil 0 10 0 Newcastle-upon-Tyne 0 10 0 Newtown ... 0 5 0 forth Lancashire ... 0 10 c Nottinghamshire 010 0
Paisley 0 10 0 Portsmouth , . „ ... 18 0 Potteries 0 10 0 Royton .. ; 0 10 0 South Shields 0 10 0 Tiverton 0 10 0 Tower Hamlets 0 10 0 Westminster and Marylebsne 1 0 o Balance from Supper 0 IS o Collected at Cowper-streefc ... ... 180 Collected at Carlisle-street 0 12 4 Mr . Bubb .. 050 Messrs . C . and A . Jones , and A . S . ... 080 Strong Sboemen ' s Society 0 10 0 Small Sums 2 4 ll
Total Receipts £ 23 3 9 cr . £ b . d . Rent of Convention Room ... ... COO Printing ... i 10 C Stationery 1 G 3 Expense of Pcblic Meetings at Cowperstreet , and Carlisle-street , < tc .... ... 3 10 10 Doorkeeper 1 11 6 Messenger 1 10 0 Writing Memorials 0 5 0
Total Expenditure ... £ 18 14 Total Receipts ... £ 25 3 9 Total Expenditure 18 14 1 Balance in Hand £ 6 9 8 Audited and found correct , this loth of April , 1851 . D . W . Rdfft . \ .. „ ,:. „ , „ T . M . WHmER . / Awlltors > jO . —Tbe above balance is left in the hands of the Executive for the purpose of defraying the expense of printing ordered by the Convention , and , as we understand that this will amount to a much larger sum , we trust those districts which have not paid their quota to the Convention Fund , will remit the same forthwith to the General Secretary . ( Signed ) D . W . Rum . T . M . Wheeler .
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eo little trouble , that the article is finished befo-o one could fancy that a hoop was on . The mocha , nism , like that of almost all important inventions is exceedingly simple ; the only wonder is , when it IS OXaminotl , how so clear and easy a mode of doing a great deal of work with a small amount of labour has not been hit upon before now . We cannot well describe the instrument and its adjuncts without diagrams , but it is an invention well worthy of notice , because it saves manual labour , and gives a great amount of relianco on vessels not leakinggreat desiderata to those engaged in a trade where extensive
cooperage is required . Tho patentee of this invention is Jlr . James Robertson , ' formerly of liiverpool . The machine has been in operation for a considerable time at the brewery of Messrs . Tennant , of Well Park , and the chemical works of Messrs . Tennant , of St . Rollox , where it lias been found to answer every purpose tlie patentee anticipated . "— Glasgow Chronicle . Acts of folly or of infamy , are frequently contaeious . A vagabond shoots at the Queen , a . score " of scamps aw onvioua of the Bame unenviable
notonety ; a fool jumps from the monument , and exorfvf / A " 1611 ^ - ? . 06161 " ^ ' instantly rushes a H L so \ m ! tators : and thus tho successul Charie g P ^ ,, PUbl 1 ? - Sympath y b ? tbe mendicant writes toSw' stlm « lat 6 u s another fellow who hK Si . r n ww . Under ^ "PUrtwo of " R . K . ;" t £ ™ w f 6 ll 0 . mal' ° 3 nest is s 0 ne » tly ^ £ S y r 0 utc ( 1 ^ tulent ad friend ; Mr . tfewUto , ^ cannot do better than claim the K o le ? u ? V ? . W t **» fpr the iuTerUon nlSv Sh ° R > K - " and **• Newton ' s completely etteotivo answer : —
" COMBINATION OF WORKMEN . « sk * ^ I 0 - EDIT 0 R 0 P TnE IIMES - m various trade societies of workmen employed in tho manufacture of steam engines uid S ^ Ti ^ L haTe rcce , f ' y become ™ ted , and « Za l am \ t £ J ? v al body ' Tllis is oalled the f ^ o& - 4 i Young m ™ who have worked for a short period at a trade have the privilege of becoming members , whilst the older workmen are rejected and not allowed to enter . Those who have arrived at the age of forty are charged a considerable sum for admission , which they arc not able to pay , and none are admitted after forty-five . To be excluded from the society is to be excluded from tho ,. trade , as the foremen at nearly all the shops avo society men , having been admitted as " honovai'V "
memoers . -mere are a great number of good and experienced workmon who are thus deprived of the means of obtaining a livelihood , as they can get : no employment . I am a pattern maker , and am one of the victims of this combination . I have suffered great distress in consequence of it , and know not what course to pursue . "If publicity is given to this statement , I shall sincerely hope that these unjust proceedings will not be allowed to be long continued . ' , 'April 13 . a n K "
" Sir , —Your sense Of justice will no doubt cause you to allow an answer to "• R ,. K . 's" communication of this day , to be insorted in your widely circulated journal . "Hesays-that ' young men are admitted into the Amalgamated Society of Engineers , &o ., but that old workmen are not allowed to enter ' that 1 those at the age of forty arc charged a considerable sum , and nono admitted after tho age of fortyfave . Now , Sir , I enclose you a copy of our rules , the last page of which contains a scale of entrances gradually ascending from tho ago of twenty-five to the age of forty , the lowest being 15 s ., and the highest £ 2 10 s . The reason of this is obvious enough . Wo pay to members in case of sinkni-sa
the sum of 10 s . per week for twenty-six weeks , and 5 s . per week for other twenty-six weeks during the year . ^\ e pay to members thrown out of employment through a depression of trade , 10 s . per week lor tourtcen weeks , and 7 s . per fteek for twelve weeks during each year . We pay to a member if ne meets with an accident while following his employment , £ 100 ; and to members who are afflicted with paralysis , epilepsy , or blindness , the sum of * 5 U , four of which cases we have paid £ 200 for durmg the past month . One of the societies now amalgamated paid to its unemployed members alone , during those vraprosperous years 131 S and 184 » , the Bum of £ 36 , 000 ; each member receiving at the rate of £ 20 per year : and it is in
consequence or these large benefits being guaranteed to members that the amount of entrance money is regulated by the age of the person , a practice advised by all statisticians who have directed their attention to friendly societies . " Your correspondent further says— ' That to be excluded from the sooiety is to ba excluded from the trade , as the foremen of nearl y all the shops are society men , having been admitted as honorary members . ' By our rulea you will perceive that we ao not admit men as 'honorary members' at all . Wo have both foremen and masters in our society , but a 1 are admitted on tho same terms as tho humblest member , pay the same amount of money and are entitled to the same benefits . So much for
the misrepresentation of our sooiety . " Your . correspondent further says , that ' he is one of the victims of this combination . ' I deny it sir . I defy him topoinfc to a single instance of any Pattern Maker being discharged because he was not a member of a society . All men have equal liberty to work at the trade of Pattern Making who avo good and experienced workmen ; and , unless » . & . has been discharged because he was not an efficient workman , 1 challenge him to give an instance of his being discharged for any cause but a want of employment . VOn 8 ? u ioty , H mbers S - 500 members . We are mbued with a desire to act fairly both to our fellow workmen and our employers , and if ' R . K . ' is
desjrous to obtain employment , and is able to work when he has it to do , there is plenty of work for him , as lus department of trade is fully employed . But I fear , sir , that as a feeling has lately been exoited in favour of men who allege persecution on tbe part of societies of working men , that this is an endeavour to take advantage of that feeling , in the hope that tho Times may be called upon to announce a series of donations made to the police poot-boxfoy ' R ,, K ., ' vfhohiis been persecuted by the engineers' society . I am desirous that no suoh odium should rest upon us , and therefore trust you will insert this communication ; and if ' R . K ' will call upon me , I undertake to say ( if he is what he represents himself to bo ) that he can obtain employment within a few days .
" I am , sir , your obedient servant , " Phoenix , Ratcliff-cross , April 14 ? " ^ ' We are no enemies to the most extended advance of scientific and mecbanical improvements : we hail , 2 IT * w 1 ? lish V T « PPlicatiou of science and skill that has a tendency to soften the rigours ^ r « , XpU f . g K at < U 3 from i tb penalty of the pr imeval ^ ?~ ^ l ^ BWeafc of % brow shalt thou eat thy bread . We chum for the working classes a right to be participators in any doliverance from this universal sentence , aud we commend and justify their resistance to any attempt by a fragment of society to monopolise a special exemption from a general
We know a short and easy road to an effectiveremedy for this and a thousand evils which labour fe heir to ? -Union ! Such an union as would give to labour the undisputed power to make machinery its slave instead of its destroyer We again > with all due respect , but with all earnestness , pross this question upon the leading men of the Trades of " Great Britain . We appeal to the common sense of the intelligent mechan'c 2 . 91 England , whether they consider that
* do , uuu was wisely expended — so unproductively . Its expenditure does not appear to us to have removed a feather ' s weight from the surplus labour which has been gradually bringing down this favoured trade to the ordinary level Its expenditnre has relieved tho Poor ' s Rates , without elevating the recipients , or in the slightest degree removingjor lessening an acknowledged evil . Onthe very ^ first reactionary movement , of the approach of which no man can predicate , another £ 30 , 000 will be required to perform tho same unsatisfactory
. As the abstract principle of national organisation is so generally acknowledged by the most intelligent of the working-class leaders , for tho sake of consistency let us have an united effort to realise an admitted necessity . Its realisation would at once , almost without effort , effectually grapple with the most prominent evils to which the interest of labour is now sacrificed . The supply of labour could be at once accurately adjusted , m all trades , to the demand ; a steady ^ E £ p ^ eLw J 0 U l dbetbe . 1 ) eceasary consequence . the irritating and unseeml
y disputes between labour and capital would be superseded , and a healthy and invigorating stimulus given to every description of home manufacture . There might he heard some rumblings and grumblings of disappointed profitmongers , but their complainings would be drowned amid the cheerful hum of the reanimated working bees of the human hive . Labour , so long and so deeply oppressed , would lift up its head again , and society , through its length and its breadth , would rejoice in its deliverance . " A fair day's wage for a fair day ' s labour" is not either an unreasonable
or an impracticable demand . It waits for its fulfilment for the patriotism and activity of the chosen and trusted chiefs of the army of labour . The talented Burke mourned that the "Age of chivalry was passed . " Where , alas ! is the chivalry of labour ? Ic lies buried amidst the sordid avarice of officials , and the small ambition which is ulnvi fied by local distinction . ¦ » « guni-Thero never was a finer opening for the larceminded , generous-hearted of the workinjj classes bursting their trammels of pride and prejudice ami Placing themselves at the head of a movement ' d " s tined to emancipate labour from its Eded anri . pintlessposuwn . If chivalry was aotffil'S
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tract among thc ^ wretched "thralls of lab our , hero is a mission that might satisfy the hig'icst aspirings of the most ambitious , if no worthier motive could . w ° i ? - to action < < ron ,, evo » wc l ;» ow , that the working classe 3 . Zn » ro P'TParod and waiting to be led to wWi ti . onsi (| cred and rational movement ma 1 be y attitod PParOntdonmtO Uttei < P P cri 8 m nffeS " > * - adh 03 i 0 n of th 0 bobbin Turners KKof \ m « W * P ?«« rt «> ns from several K ™ thfs w i r ^ J 8 " Cuntral Committee have , tins week , received the most gratifying assurances of support to enable them to Sf the Perry proseeut . ons Wo bclim wo sill come out of the ordeal unscathed in person and in honour and that the cause of National Labour Union will receive a renewed impetus from our persecution . 259 , Tottenham-court-road . Wh . Peel , Sec ,
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MANCHESTER FINANCIAL AND PARLIAMESTAUY REFORM ASSOCIATION , On Thursday night a meeting of tho Manchester Financial and Parliamentary Reform Association was held in tho Freo Trade-hall . Tho Hall was crowded in every part . Mr . XI . Gibson and Mr . Bright , the City membors , addressed the meeting at great length , after which the following resolution Wl 3 adopted : — " Th . it this meeting cordially thanka he Right Hon . T . M .- Gibson and J . Bright Esq ., for tho zeal , talent , and faithfulness with which ¦ hey have on all occasions advocated and supported tne Principles to promote which they wero returned to Parliament ; it encourages thorn to go on'in the same course , and pledges itself to use all legal and proper means to return them at the next election . " llie immense meeting separated at eleven o ' clock .
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Tnc Sunday Tradi . no Bill . —Important Meeting in Wes tminster . —On Thursday night an adjourned meeting of delegates , from various pavtB of the metropolis , was held at- the Blue Anchor , York-Btreet , Westminster , for the purpose of taking into consideration tho many and important alterations made by the Select Committee of the Houso of Commons in the bill introduced by Mr . Williams . M . P ., for the prevention of unnecessary Sunday trading . Mr . Housego , of tho Broadway , butcher , who was unanimously voted t © tho chair , . called on , the secretary to inform the meetin g whether any and what alterations had been made in the bill by the select committee of the House of Commons . Mr . Haymon , the secretary , then stated that the
report of the solect committee was brought up on Monday last , and the details of the measure would ' be submitted to the whole house on the 30 th inst . It was with deep regret he felt called upon to state that three important alterations had been made by ' the select committee . As the bill now stood , tha present disgraceful practice of publicly hawking and crying trait , ginger beer , pastry , water cress , « se ., would be continued the entire day , except between the hours of ten and ono o ' clock . In the original bill these articles were allowed to be sold and publicly exposed , but not hawked or cried . The clause which closed hair-dressers' shops at ten o ' clock in the morning bas beon entirely struck out of tho bill , bo that many thousands of hair-dressers aud their unfortunate apprentices would be denied any relief and doomed to perpetual toil , unless they tkoughfc proper to Dotition tha
Legislature to be included in the bill . The next alteration was tho most important of any , and to which he would advise the meeting to confine its chief attention . It would allow shops for the Bale of articles of consumption to remain open till ten a . m . The promoters of tho bill denied that any case could be made out to justify Sunday trading , but he ( Mr . llaymon ) would take on himself to say , a bill confining the sale of articles of food to before nine o ' clock in tho morning , and closing all other shops entirely , would meet -the wishes of a large majority of those for whom he had tbe honour to act , but certainly at no later period of the day . These were the principal alterations made in the bill . Resolutions were passed asserting tho inefficiency of the altered bill , and a petition to tha House of Commons was adopted , praying that the clauses might not be made less Stringent .
The Case op L . J . Hansard . —A meeting of the industrious classes was hold on Thursday night at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , to promote subscriptions on behalf of Mr . Hansard , whoso philanthropic ] exertions in prosperity , it was considered , rendered it a greatful duty of the working men of London to combine and assist him in his present difBoultiea . Resolutions wero passed with this view , and at the dose of the meeting additional subscriptions wero announced . A » ULTEiuTioss . --The last investigations of tho Lancet on tho subject of adulterations havo been di » rected to mustard , flour , and bread , and in these instances the results on the whole are less disagreeable than might perhaps have been anticioated .
bull , however , the facts are such ns to show the importance of the inquiries undertaken . "With re * gard to mustard , it has been ascertained that the article is scarcely ever to be obtained genuine , whatever may be the price paid for ifc , Out Of forty-two samples , purchased indiscriminately , the whole wero adulterated with immense quantities of wheaten flour , highly coloured with turmeric , tho specimens in tinfoil packages , and labelled "fine Durham mustard , " or double superfine , " containing , with the exception of much husk , scarcely anything else . In connexion with bread and flour , the conclusions arrived at were unexpected . Out of forty-four samples of wheat flour ( including several of French and American ) purchased in all
quarters of the metropolis , not a single instance was detected of admixture with any othor farina , or of tho presence of spurious matters of any kind . It w admitted , therefore , that millers and corn , dealers are somewhat maligned . As respects bread , however , the results were not so favourable Although its adulteration with alum is an offence liable to a penalty of £ 20 , this material was found in every one of the examples examined , the objeots for which it is used being to give bad flour the white appearance of the best , and to enable the bread made from ifc to retain a , larger proportion of water , so as to gain in weight . The number of samples was twenty-four , and in ton of these the quantity was very considerable , while in all cases
it was such as to be injurious to health , the operation of the drug being to interfere with the activity of the digestive functions . This article of adulteration , however , appears to be the only one generally employed in bread , neither potato , nor any other inferior farinaceous matter , nor carbonate or sulphate of lime being found—an improved state of affairs , which' i 3 most probably owing to the cheapness of flour caused by free trade . At tho same time an examination of the wei ght of bread as delivered at houses shows that upon an average there is a deficiency of from two and a half to three ounces in every quartern loaf . Manchester Trades' Protection Society . —The Provisional Committee of the Manchester Trades '
Protection Society held their -weekly meeting on Tuesday evening last , at the house of Mrs . Atkinson , Chapel-street , Lloyd-street , when a numerous collection of Trades' deputies were present . The report of progress was of a very cheering description , and b ids fair to bring into existence a very ; powerful union of labour's sons . At the conclusion of we meeting , Mr . Dickenson was requested to draw out an address to the Trades of England , in the name of the Provisional .. Committee , and solicit the editor of the horthem Star to publish the same in his valuable journal next week . Coroners' Inquests . —The following are the returns of the number of Coroners' Inquests in tho principal towns in England in the year . 1849 , according to a parliamentary pber m-inted on Mon
clay at the instance of Mr .. Sotberon : —Birmimrham , 357 ; population in 1841 , 182 , 698 . Kingston . upon-IIul ) 108 ; population , G 7 . 093 . Liverpool , o 02 ; population , 319 , 463 . Manchester , 373 , popul » H ° A 3 982 V Nottingham , 86 ; ' population 52 , 164 . Plymouth , 55 ; population , 3 G . 521 . / Shrewsbury , 34 ; population , 14 , 680 . Westminster , 346 population , 207 , 951 . York , 52 ; population , 29 , 4 35 ^ St . Albans EtEcnoN .-On Tuesday evening tho witness Edwards was conveyed in a cab by Captain Gossett , Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms , " and Mr . Poigndestre , between six and seven o ' clock , from what is termed the " prison" of the House of Commons , consisting of two comfortable and neatly furnished rooms , to Newgate , Ho was said to be sadly " cut up " at the occurrence , The " prison " has not been occupied since Smith O' Brien was there . : ¦ .
Mr . Mackay and the Cotton ¦ Ikquiry —Tha Bombay Gazette says : — " Mr . . Mackay , the cotton commissioner , haB commenced his labours he hn « just gone to Surat , and a oww 8 pondeDt ' infiS 5 us that he was busily engaged there' in makiE quines and taking notes . On the 12 th of 13 £ o ^ oS ^ a& ^' ^ Sio ! in Bristol , in 1850 wa ^ lWn po ? , rate 3 s » aISr « £ 17 , 587 ; Uochdale £ 11 S d ?' ' Freston » ^ fig f t&ssastaai
- ^^ XSrjswSm ^ are intended to be located in th * Je ^ K ^§^ ix % . «^ . the period the Great ExhibitionfBfiKm ^ . *» $ THBKHosR theMwofcontmW ^ pSfAW ^ iBp \ M hotter itgrows .-ifo « j /(«//« i » y . <\ pf / " ^^ i \ , f % * & ^ ipp ^ T . ^ '' '"¦¦ ¦ j ^ M
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~ . mohies ~~ receTved Fob ihk - \ Yjjek Eswso Thobsdat APBttniBjlSSl . FOR THE EOHESTY FUND . BECQVBtt bi w . sides . Puasey near Leeds , perW . Bootn .. o 10 \ LS 2 S ' « llffleton .. 013 \ S ^ le perR - Farie 5 S .. 026 aottingaam , proceeds of Baffle at Seven Stars , per J Sweet .. ... .. 039 w X " enas i Sidemoor ( less order ) .. 0 11 3 from Dodford Estate—P . Burton .. O 2 C J-TVooiUn .. .. ,. 019 ^ . . Eaton .. .. .. 010 w elungborou 2 h , per J . Turnett .. 0 5 0 Messrs . Calligan and Ebbage , London .. 0 0 9 _ £ l W 9 BKEIVED AT USD OFFICE . uttleborough .. .. .. 030 ^ .. « <"" EOECEIVE 0
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. _ . NATIONAL CHARTER FOND . Received by John Abkoix . —R . Brown , Farahatn Roval Is—Mrs . Bums , ditto 6 d—W . Quick , ditto Is—Messrs . Munson 2 g—Glasgow , per W . Brown £ U 0 s—B . Topham , perG . J . Harneyls—Falkirk , per D , Sinclair 7 s lia . — Ttal £ 23 g 5 d . . CONVENTION FUND . Received by John Arkoit . — VV . Walker , Radcliffe Bridge 3 a—Beverlev , per B . Bayne 7 « 6 d—Ayr . per T . Callan 5 * 9 d Sheffield , per j . j . Beier 10 s—Kettering , per G . J . Harney Is 4 d . _ lotalSltolOd . FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . Keceived by \ f . limn . —Padsey , near leedg , per TV . Booth 10 s—BarnstaWe , per . E . Faxleiga 2 s Cd Heceived by Johjc Akjott . —Mr . Wright , per C . Young Is 5 d —A Working Man , RadcHffe Bridge , per R . Hamer Is 6 d—Collected by C . Hutcnins , Marylebone 8 s 9 d—Collected at the Iwo Chairmen , Wardour-street , Soho 3 s lid . REFUGEES AT LIVERPOOL . Received hy W . Bideb . —Paisley , per J . Hut chard Gs . — Received , by Jons Assort—A . Working Man , Baddiffe Bridge , per R . Hamer 2 « . POLICE CASE AT TURNM 1 LL STREET . Received by Johh Aekott . —Sewcastle-upon-Tyne , per J ames Watson Is . . ^ .
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WKDING-UP OF TE LANB COMPM . XECaVED SX W . BJDEE , T . Tomkinson , Pendleton .. .. 0 0 6 E . Smith , per J . Sweet , Nottingham .. 0 0 C J . Garrett , Vfilbey , Northamptonshire .. 0 10 Peterborough , per Mr . Scholey .. ' .. 0 G 0 J . Clegg , Rochdale ( a loan ) .. .. 100 _ _ BEcnvm AXUSD OfnCE . ———Lufleborough .. ,, .. 030
Rational Uanti Erompany*
Rational Uanti erompany *
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TO TBE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE N AT I O NAL LAND COMPANY AND OTHERS . A number of shareholders of the National Land Company , resident in the Metropolis , hating seen with regret the apath y evinced by the great bulk of their brethren , and being anxious that thb great memorial of the power of working class co-operation should not pass entirely into other hands , and the fruits of years of agitation and the collection of vast funds be dissipated , as they would be if the estates are disposed of to strangers , and the imdends , great in the aggregate , but small in their individuality , distributed among the shareholders , have formed themselves into a
society for the purpose of depositing their scrip into one common Btock , and by the issuing of shares of £ , 1 each , payable within one year , raising a capital wherewith to discount or lend money to those holders of scrip , to whom a present monetary benefit may be more valuable than to await the dividend to be declared on the Winding-up of the Company . The funds arising from the subscr ibed capital , and the dividends arising from tho deposited and discounted shares , to be applied towards purchasing the whole or a
portion of the estates of the National Land Company at their then market price , or in purchasing such other landed property as the shareholders may deem advisable ; such estates to be vested in the hands of the trustees , and an annual or quarterly dividend to be paid to the shareholders out of the rents arising therefrom , in proportion to the respective shares they may have deposited , and the capital they may have subscribed . The purchased property to be occupied according to arrangements to be provided by the shareholders of the society at future meetings to be called for
that purpose . The Society opines that by judicious management it may either collect or discount , at a fair market price , a large amount of the scrip issued by the Company , and thus becoming its chief creditor , may be enabled to realise , to a great extent , its original desirable objects . It will also , by giving a monetary value to the scrip ( like that of other companies ) now in existence , afford assistance to many who may not be able to take Bhares in the Society , and make that productive of national good , which would otherwise become an injurious , private speculation .
In carrying out this object they are anxious to have the protection of the law , and will , therefore , procure the enrolment of their rules under the title of "The National Land and Labour Loan and Discount Society , " established for lending sums of money upon landed or personal security . They invite the attentions , not only of shareholders of the National Land Company , but of all the friends of cooperation and progress to thiB experiment . Rules will be speedily issued . All communications to be addressed ( for the present ) to Thomas M . "Wheeler , 36 , Kenton-street , Brunswick-square , enclosing a Post-Office stamp for reply .
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Increase ik tbe Population . —So far as can be at present asceitained , from tbe returns already sent in by the respective enumerators , the population of Blackburn may be stated at 47 , 500—thus showing an increase of 11 , 000 on the census of 1841 . Tbe increase has been at the rate of more than a thousand a year , during the last ten years . Blackbwn Standard . Asotheb Important Cdhe by HouowaVs Ointment and Tiils or a Wound in the Lie—Mm . Malcolm , wife of the lighthouse keeper at tlie entrance of the River T « 6 , near Uedcar , had been a sufferer for upwards of ten years with a severe wound . in the leg , which , during the last feur years of that period was so bad that it made her quite incapable of walking without crutches . To heal it many remedies bad been tried in vain before Hollowsij ' 6 Ointment and Pills were U 6 ed , hut these excellent remedies be » 6 at last retorted to , effectually liealed the wound in about nine weeks .
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Am 19 , 1851 ¦ ¦ : THE : ^ R TRERNkTAB .... i I WAirni ? ir 2 * , == — " . 5
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 19, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1622/page/5/
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