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LINES TO BROTHER JONATHAN . Oh , Jonathan ! daar Jonathan ! a wretched world we see : There ' s scarce a freeman in it now , excepting yon and me . In soldier-ridden Christendom the sceptre ia the sword ; The statutes of the nation from the cannon ' s month are roar'd . Ordnance the subject multitude for ordinance obey ; The bullet and the bayonet debate at once allay : The mouth is gagg'd , the Press is stopped ; and -we remain alone With power our thoughts to utter , or to call our souls our own .
They hate us , Brother Jonathan , those tyrants ; they detest The island sons of liberty and freemen of the West ; It angers them that we survive their savage will to Btem ; A Bign of hope unto their slaves—a sign of fear to them . Right gladly would they bind our tongues : with ioy arrest our pens ; Immure our best and bravest men , enchained in bestial dens ; Bend our stiff neckito Priestcraft ' s yoke , and bow the heads we rear 'Gainst craven Superstition , to the dust in abject fear .
f t ™ I with me / Brother Jonathan , if ever need should be : i Still be it ours to show the world that nations can be i free ; Not as almost each people in sad Europe now appears , Ruled with & despot ' s iroa rod—a race of mutineers . I Bunch .
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i The Home . Part 7 . Edited by Richard Oastleb . I are isorry to learn from the present part that I ' the Old King' has been very ill , and feela the in-I finnitiea of age thickening upon him ; and , second , that the' Home' has not yet reached a self-supporting circulation . Of its general contents , and the spirit by which it is pervaded , we have on previous occasions freel y expressed our opinions , and we see nothing in the part before as to induce us to modif y or alter them . The' Home' ought to be a welcome guest at the fire-side of every working man who takes an interest in the welfare of his class . Mr . Oastler I continues the articles on the French
Revolutions—1 which we commended in our last notice—always keep-I ing the great question of the employment of the I people prominently in the foregronnd , and does more justice to the Provisional Government of 1848 than people with much greater pretensions to Liberalism . In fact , we have not seen any where a more candid and practical exposition of the difficulties in which that government was placed , and of the causes which led to the establishment and abandonment of the much-talked-of national workshops in France , than that given by Mr . Oastler . We slightly abridge and throw together his history of these workshops : —
In accordance with the resolutions of the Provisional Government , the " Government Committee of Workmen " met . Its resolutions are of such a natnre as to throw much light on the wants , the feelings , and desires of the working men . -. ° Resolved , on the part of the Government Committee of j | Workmen : Considering— . I " 1 st . That too prolonged manual labour , not only ruins g the health of the workman , but further , by preventing , him I from cultivating his intelligence , detracts from the dignity I of man ° " 2 ud . That the trade in workmen by workmen , as subcontractors , called middle-men , is essentially unjust , vexations , and contrary to the principles of fraternity . " The Provisional Government of the Republio therefore decreed : — . "l 3 t . The day ' s labour is diminished by one hour . Consequently , in Paris , where it was before eleven hours , it is reduced to ten ; and in the provinces , where it was before twelve hours , it is reduced to eleven .
I " 2 nd . The trading in workmen , by 6 ub-contractora , is I abolished . " I These decrees were endorsed with the names of all the I members of the Provisional Government . I These resolutions reflect the general tendency of their I minds on what they felt to be the wrongs and believed to be the rights of labour . The fr . ct that the Provisional Government desired to strengthen the resolutions of the workmen with the authority of the Kational Assembly , was to all its members extremely creditable . In the minds of many , the great problem to be solved by the revolution , was , Dow to arrage national industry . Unhappily , tie plan of the future was neither understood nor I defined . The opinion . as we have seen was favourably entertained by several members of the Provisional Government , and by others accepted as a " state necessity , " for the moment , to conciliate the dissatisfied rather than with a view of reducing it permanently to practice .
The national workshops established by M . Marie , having I been founded on false principles , became every day more § crowded and less profitable . I There has , I regret to know , been in this country a very I considerable misunderstanding as to the origin and object g of these national workshops . The whole responsibility of j | their origin and failure has been freely—but falsely—hid at | jj the door of M . Louis Blanc . M . Lamartine himself , who § on this subject cannot be misinformed , writes that the I workmen therein employed were not associated under the guidance of M . Louis Blanc , as has'been generally , but unjustly , asserted ; on the contrary , they " were inspired by tbs spirit of his adversaries . " I am neither the apologist nor the detractor of M . Louis Blanc . Truth demands , however , that he shonldnot be held responsible for follies not Lis own , and against which be protested .
An important section of the Press of tMs country was nd slow to condemn the national workshops , and , further , to aver that the experiment so tried had for ever settled tiie question of the regulation of industry , and established supreme the popular doctrine of "Let everything alone , and everything will adjust itself . " The error committed by such public instructors was false both in fact and inference . Tho establishment of the national workshops was not even au attempt to solve the great question of the age , namely , Ilow to give to labour labour ' s worth . What , then , were tbe = eworkshops ? Let Lamartine answer : "They were nerelyan expedient for restoring order : a rough plan of pnWic assistance , contrived on the morrow of a revolution oy the necessity of furnishing food for the populace , and jet not maintaining them in idleness for fear of the disorders to which that idleness would lead . " That " ' expedient has called down upon the head of its alleged " author some volumes of ridicule and abuse .
Those public writers , who have been foremost in stigma-• i = ang the national workshop scheme of France , have , with an inconsi stency worth y of them , lent the full weight of .. Heir much over-rated authority , to the scheme of government « orks , in the case of Ireland , adopted by Her -Hajesty s present advisers , and applied by them to that il ! - ; " ~ ««»> try , reckless of results , and in utter ignorance of t . ie fundamental doctrines of their own much-vaunted system ot modem political economy . The provisional government of France have their de-~ . 'nce , " » the revolution which they controlled . The Whig ministry have their excuse , in their own imbecility . The provisional government adopted the idea of an hour , as it manifested itself in tue necessity of the time . The-Whig ministers deliberated and rejected , after long debates , one
01 tne most gigantic and far-seeing plans ever introdnced to the notice of parliament , —I mean the famous railway scheme of the late Lord George Bentinck , which plan , although open to one fundamental objection , was as much H in advance of tho one adopted , and as much superior to it , ? as was the mind of its chivalric author above those of his ministerial opponents . Pesterity will accept of M . Marie ' s national workshops , as a bold conception , suddenly and rudely reduced to practice . The Whig ministers will also have their reward ; their scheme of Irish works will be remembered , for the heavy debt it has incurred , the peculation and fraud it has encouraged , the strife it has engendered , and the industry it has wasted . What au obliquity of vision those " philosophic" critics must have , who condemn a principle , when the scene of its application is
France and praise an application of the same principle , when the Whi gs—their patrons—apply it to Ireland . __ The French national workshops grew in importance , as industry , throughout France , became more and more paralysed . The numbers so employed , ultimately increased irom 20 , 000 to 200 , 000 . The wealthy inhabitants of Paris looked at their rapid increase with fea r , wonder , and dismay . Say , the provisional government iteelf began to discover , that that which was originally intended as a safety-valve for the revolution , was becoming its greatest source of danger . In estimating the difficulties of the provisional government , it wonld be impolitic , unwise , and unfair , not to state , that for many years , in France , there bad been a strong tendency towards unsettlement amone the
population generally . Many thousands of the working men had acquired the habit of tramping from town to town , resting for a few montb . 3 where a turn of work cast up for them , but ever read y to pack up and be off , on a very short notice . These mi gratory hordes of working men , had been increased b y the unregulated introduction and use of machinery , and other circumstances , to which 1 havo adverted . Their habit is , to conclude their career by at ast settling down in some large city . The numbers of lnis unsettled class of workmen bad , by the revolution , been greatly augmented . The hope of Immediate employment in the national workshops , drew'ttiany thousands of such persons to Paris , thus tending to increase the very evils which the provisional government bad most to fear , and to allay which the national workshops had been es-0 1 ¦ ¦¦ ill ¦ ¦
m m ^ a —~~ -v . »^ " W »» w « BM «» V * H « VI W « » v ^— — These working men were congregrated together under tae notion , that , if agreeable to themselves , their migrations were ended , and that the revolution had provided for them a constancy , of employment in the national workshops . The government entertained a very different idea . Jbey had , in the hurry of the moment , yielded to what tuey felt to be a " state necessity . " Finding the streets
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of Pans crowded with idle workmen , demanding bread , they knew , that in the presence of such a mass of hungry discontent , it would be impossible that they could consoli-;\ v e r we The nati ° aal workshops were therefore established by them ng an " expedient , " to avert a greater national evil : they did notforseethe immense accumulation of numbers in the capital which would be occasioned thereby ; neither were they prepared to , expect , that their well-meant , but mistaken efforts , would be misrepresented by tne . press , which now charged them with a desire , in the maintenance of the national workshops , of surrounding themselves with an army of malcontents , inimical to publio order . . . . Under these circumstances , it became necessary to make arrangements for the dissolution of the national workshops . No sooner was this determination made known to the m ^^ * a _ * . _ ^
working men employed therein , than they imagined that they had been betrayed , their suspicions being strengthened by the agents of the enemies of the'government , who , for seditious purposes , mixed among them . It was thus that the working men employed in the national-workshops became restless and dissatisfied politicians , impatient under control , and desirous of being masters . They ceased to labour , and again resolved to fight for what they called liberty . On the twenty . third of June , the working men rushed out of the national workshops into the streets , erected barricades , gave themselves up to desperation . —were
resisted by the national guards , the garde mobile , and the troops ^ of the line . The streets of Paris were crimsoned with their blood ; they were vanquished and what in France is called " order , " having been restored , the members of the Legislative Assembl y betook themselves to intriguing and quarrelling , the great question of industry being left to take its chance , while the working men pursued their occupations under the surveillance of the police and the army . Such were the benefits purchased by the people of France , at the cost of so . much wealth , at the sacrifice of so many lives . :
The eleotion of Louis Napoleon to the presidency , by the suffrages of more than six millions of Frenchmen , has not served to dissipate the dark clouds which hang over the re > public , or to sojjre the . great question for which the idea of the republic was entertained , How to obtain for labour , labour ' s worth ? Fetes , balls , progresses , reviews , intrigues , conspiracies , arrests , imprisonments , banishments , and military executions , have marked his epoch . But , during all this while , labour has been ill requitted ; hunger has been the tenant of her cottages , and the heart of her
national greatness has been subdued by despair . Louis Sapoleon himself , in his message to the Legislative Assembly , dated the 4 th of November , 1831 , ominously informs them , " A state of general uneasiness tends to increase daily . Everywhere labour grows slack , poverty augments , interests are alarmed , and anti-social expectations swell high in proportion , as the enfeebled powers of the state approach their term . " ' In the report of the committee on the electoral law , made to the Legislative Assembly a few days afterwards , the following most striking and portentous words are to be found : — " In the midst of the ruins which surround us . "
On the second of December , 1851 , every institution which had been established by the sovereign will of the people of France , was swept away by the stroke of his peri into whose hands that people bad committed their guardianship , and who bad solemnly sworn to them , that he would be their faithful trustee . HiB will is now their law , death being , the penalty of resistance ; that penalty having already been paid by many hundreds of the sons of France , in the streets of her capital . Still , the great question of—How to give to labour labour ' s Worth , has not been solved ; nor can it be , amidst tne thunder of cannon , the crash ef tumbling houses , the cries of the hungry , the rattling of musketry , the shouts of revolt , the clashing of sabres , the shrieks of the wounded , the moans of the dying , and the anguish of the bereaved . At present , France must wait , —wait until these distracting scenes give place to the voice of justice , when reason may for once be heard .
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Narrative of the voyage of H . M . S Rattlesnake , commanded by ike late Captain Owen Stanley , R . N ., F . R . S ., $ c , during the Years 1846—50 , including Discoveries and Surveys in New Guinea , 8 fc , to which is added the Account of M . E . B . Kenned y ' s Expedition for the Exploration of the Cape York Peninsula . By John Macgillivray , F . R . G . S ., Naturalist to the Expedition . 2 Vols . London T . and W . Boone . This is one of the most interesting books of its kind that we have seen . It tells of perils in strange seas ,
friendly meetings , and quarrels with savages , and the damage wrought by death among the small band of explorers , of which the author was one . Of course we cannot pretend to give even an outline of the contents ; but , as it abounds with extractable matter , we give a few passages , as samples of its contents , merely premising that the object of the Expedition was the geographical survey of the ocean routes from Australia , —that the Rattlesnake was accompanied by the Bramble and the Castlreagh , and the three set sail from Plymouth , in the month of December , 1846 .
Hobart Town was reached on the 24 th of June , 1847 : at which date the serious business of the Expedition may be said to have commenced . Such business seems in these latitudes to he all the more serious by the unpromising quality of the aboriginal inhabitants . Taken as a mass , they appear to stand lower in the scaleof morals thanmost other wild groups . Missionary labour is said to make little or no impression on them ; while from time to time they are exposed to the more congenial teaching of runaway convicts , calculated to hrutalise them with most dangerous insidiousness , —that , namely , which associates in their minds the idea of superlative craft and wickedness as connected with the white man . Here is a tale of the rescue of a white woman from these savages at Cape York : —
A startling incident occurred to break the monotony of our stay . In the afternoon some of our people on shore were surprised to see a young white woman come up to claim their protection from a party of natives from whom she had recently made her escape , and whom , she thought , would otherwise bring her back . Of course she received every attention , and was taken on board the ship by the first boat , when she told her story , which is briefly as follows . Her name is Barbara Thompson : she was born at Aberdeen , in Scotland , and along with her parents , emigrated to Sew South Wales . About four years and a half ago she left Moreton Bay with her husband in a small cutter ( called the America ;) of which he was owner , for the purpose of picking up some of the oil from the wreck
of a whaler , lost on the Bampton Shoal , to which place one of her late crew undertook to guide them : their ultimate intention was to go on to Port Essington . The man who acted as pilot was unable to find the wreck , and after much quarrelling on board in consequence , and the loss of two men by drowning , and of another who was left upon a small uninhabited island , they made their way up to Torres Strait , where , during a gale of wind , their vessel struck upon a reef on the Eastern Prince of Wales Island . The two remaining men were lost in attempting to swim on shore through the surf , but the woman was afterwards rescued by a party of natives , on a turtling excursion , who , when the gale subsided , swam on board , and supported her on shore between two of their number . One
of these blacks , Boroto by name , took possession of the woman as his share of the plunder ; she was compelled to live with him , but was well treated by all the men , although many of the women , jealous of the attention shown her , for a long time evinced anything but kindness . A curiouB circumstance secured for her the protection of one of the principal men of the tribe a party from which had been the fortunate means of rescuing her , and which she afterwards found to be the Kowrarega , chiefly inhabiting Muralug , on the WeBtern Prince of Wales Island . This person , named Piaquai , acting upon the belief ( universal throughout Australia and on the Islands of Torres Strait so far as hitherto known ) that white people are the ghosts of the Aborigines , fancied that , in the stranger he
recoenised a long-lost daughter of the name of Gi ( a ) om , and at once admitted her to the relationship which he thought had formerly subsisted between them ; she was immediately acknowledged by the whole tribe aB one of themselves , thus ensuring an extensive connexion in relatives of all denominations . From the head-quarters of the tribe with which Gi ' om thus became associated being upon an island which all vessels passing through Torres Strait from the eastward must approach within two or three milcB , she had the mortification of seeing from twenty to thirty or more ships go through every summer without anchoring in the neighbourhood , so as to afford the slightest opportunity of making her escape . Last year she heard of our two vessels ( described as two war canoes , a bier and a little one )
being at Cape York—only twenty miles distant—from some of the tribe who had communicated with us and been well treated , but they wonld not take her over , and even watched her more narrowly than before . On our second and present visit , however , which the Cape York people immediately announced by smoke signals to their friends in Muralug , she was successful in persuading some of her more immediate friends to bring her jacrosstothe mam land within a short distance of where the vessels lay . The blacks were credulous enough to believe that " as she had been so long with them , and had been so well treated , she did not intend to leave them , —only she felt a strong desire to see the white people once more and shake hands with them ; " adding , that 8 he would be certain to procure some axes , knives , tobacco , and other much-prized articles . This appeal to their
cupidity decided the question at once . After landing at the sandy bay on the western side of Cape York , she hurried across the Evans Bay , as quickly as her lameneBS would allow , fearful that the blacks might change their mind ; and well it was that she did so , as a small party of men followed to detain her , but arrived too late . Three of these people were brought on board at her own request , and as they had been instrumental in saving her from the wreck , they were presented with an axe a-piece , and other presents . Upon beiDg a 8 ked by Captain Stanley whether she really preferred remaining with us to accompanying the natives back to tbeir island , as she would be allowed her free choice in the matter , she was so much agitated as to find difficulty in expressing her thankfulness , making use of scraps of English alternatel y with the Kowrarega language , and then suddenly awaking to the recollection that
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she was not understood , the poor creature bluihed all over and , with downcast . eyes , beat her forehead . witk her hand ' as if to assist in collecting her scattered thought ! ' At length , after a pause , she found words ' to say , '— Sir ' l » m a Christian , and would rather go baok to my own friends ;' . ' At the same time , it was remarked by > every one that she had not lost the feelings of womanly , modesty—even after having lived so long among native blacks ; . . she seemed acutely to feel the singularity of her position—dressed only in a couple of shirts , in the midst of a crowd of her own countrymen . When first seen on shore our n » w ghi pmate presented so dirtj and wretched an appearanoe that some people , who were , out shooting at ; first 1 mistook her for a
gm , and were passing by without taking' further notice when she called out to them in English , "lam a white woman why do you leave ine ? " . With the exoeption of a narrow fringe of leaves in front , she wore no clothing , and her skin was . tanned and blisterod with the sun , and showed the marks of several large burnB which had been received from sleeping too near , the fire on cold nights ' besides , she was Buffering from ophthalmia , which had previously deprived her of the sight of one eye . But good living , and every comfort ( for Captain Stanley kindly provided her with a cabin and a seat at his table ) , combined with medical attention , very soon . restored her health , and she was eventually handed over to her parents in Sydney in excellent condition .
Light was thrown on the ways and wishes of these wild human creatures by Mrs . Thompson . Though an illiterate person , ; according to our narrator , she could tell what she had seen : and having never wholly loBther self-respect , had acquired a certain popularity and influence among the blacks . She had also been courted , to become-the Queen-Consort of Wini;—one . of those white fiends of whom mention has been made . This man 'had reached Mul grave Island in a boat after having , by his own account , killed his companions , Bome three or four in number , ' and had established himself as a celebrity among the Badu 8 , —partly by cunning , partly , by unceremoniously ' procuring the death of his principal enemies . ' -
Wini ' s oharacter appears from -, the accounts I have heard —for others corroborated . part of GiWs statement—to be a compound of villany and cunning , in addition to the ferocity and headstrong passions of a thorough savage , —it strikes me that he must have been a runaway conviot , probably from Norfolk Island . It is fortunate that his sphere of mischief is so limited , for a more dangerous ruffian could not easily be found . As matters stand at present ; it is pro * bable that not only during hia life , but for years afterwards , every European who falls into the hands of the Badu people will meet with certain death . "We shall probably return to these interesting volumes .
RECEIVED . Wealth : How to Get , Preserve , : arid Enjoy It . London : Bentley , Paternoster-row . The Girlhood of Shakespeare ' s Heroines . Tale XIV . Viola , the Twin . By Mabt Cowdbn Clarke . London : W . H . Smith and Son . A Social Theory ; or , a Brief Exposition of the Primary Law in Aature , Affecting Social Development . By Artuub BrouIiEt . London : Shnpkiiis and Co ,
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LITERARY EXTRACTS . ME ELOQUENCE OF KOSSUTHr The following analysis of the oratorical powers of the preat Hungarian is taken from a review of his Life and Speeches , in the " Athenaeum " : — ' « We have heard of M . Kossuth , and we have carefully Tead the reports of his speeches . His style is new and personal . Compared with the men whose speeches have been reoeived as the best specimens of oratory-in recent times—such , as Brougham , Lacordaire , Blum , Thiers , Gavazzi , and O'Cohnell—Kossuth is calm and grave . He has no sophisms , no verbal dexterities . All is within him clear , sequent , logicaj . He never mouths his passion— never wrings his hands or stamps his feet—never gesticulates his violence , or resortB to the common tricks of the orator to impress his audienoe with an idea of his earnestness . V As a rhetorical weapon , he uses acorn very rarely , and we have not read a sneering sentence from his lips . He neither mocks hia enemy like Gavazzi , nor insults him like O'Connell . His appeal is made
directly to the intellect of his hearer . He seems more anxious to convince than to excite . Warmth of fancy and of feeling he undoubtedly possesses—and his passion sometimes breaks into sudden explosion . But in these qualities he has had many equals—Chatham , Mirabeau , Patrick Henry , and others of all nations . What seems more particularly Eossathans-that is , personal—in his eloquence ia , its moral undertone . , Master of his subject , he speaks to other nations with the energy , but also with much of the gravity of history . He flatters no prejudice—appeals to no passion—yet , his discourse adapts itself with singular art to its immediate audience . Perhaps next to his excellent EngliBh , the thing which is most curious about M . Kossuth in England is , the extraordinary genius which he has for saying the right thing in the right place . Of the speeches reported , not one could change its locality without manifest disadvantage . The city speech was precisely adapted to the city—the Manchester speech would not have done at Winchester—nor that delivered at Southampton , at Copenhagen-fields .
LIBERTY , KaUALlTY , FRATERNITY , AND MUSKETRY . On Friday , at noon , the embargo on the cabs was removedalthough that on the omnibuses continued ; and circulation for foot passengers became tolerably safe in the Quartier St . Honore , and on the Boulevards . I went into an English chemist ' s shop in the Rue de la Paix , for a bottle of soda water . The chemist was lying dead up stairs , shot . He was going from his shop ^ to another establishment he had in the Faubourg Poissoniere , to have the shutters shut , apprehending a disturbance . Entangled for a moment on the Boulevard , close to the Rue Lepelletier , among a crowd of well-dressed persons , principally English and American , an order was given to clear the Boulevard . A charge of lancers was made , the men firing their pistols wantonly among the flying crowd ; and the chemist was shot dead . Scores of similar
incidents took place on that dreadful Thursday afternoon . Friends , acquaintances of my own , had friends , neighbours , relations , servants , killed . Yet it was all accident , chancemedley—excusable , of course . How were the soldiers to distinguish between insurgents a »; l sight-seers ? These murders were , after all , but a few of the thorns to be found in the rose-bush of glorious war ! . . With the merits or demerits of the struggle , I have nothing to do . But I saw the horrible ferocity and brutality of this ruthless soldiery . I saw them bursting into shops , to search for arms or fugitives ; dragging tho inmates forth , like sheep from a slaughter-house , smashing tho furniture and windows . I saw them , when making a passage for a convoj of prisoners , or a wagon full of wounded , strike wantonly at the bystanders , with the butt-end of their muskets , and
thrust at them with their bayonets . I mi ght have seen more ; but my exploring inclination was rapidly subdued by a gigantic Lancer at the corner of the Eu 8 Richelieu , who , seeing me stand still for a moment , stooped from hia horse , and putting his pistol to my head ( right between tho eyes ) , told me to " traverser . " As I believed he would infallibly have blown my brains out in another minute , I turned and fled . So much for what I saw . I know as far as a man can know , from trustworthy persons , from eyewitnesses , from patent and notorious report , that the military , who are now the sole and supreme masters of that happy city and country , have been perpetrating most frightful barbarities since the riots were over . I know that , from the Thursday I arrived to the Thursday I left Paris , they were daily shooting their prisoners in cold blood ! that a man , caught on the Pont Neuf , drunk with
the gunpowder-hrandy of the cabarets , and shouting some balderdash about the " Republique , democratique , itsoeiale , " was dragged into the Prefecture of Police , and , some soldiers' cartridges having been found in his pocket , was led into the court-yard , and , there and then , untried , unshrivon , unannealed—shot ! I know that in the Champ de Mars one hundred and fifty-six men were executed ; and I heard one horrible story ( so horrible that I can scarcely credit it ) that a batch of prisoners were tied together with ropes like a faggot of wood ; and that the struggling mass was fired into , until not a limb moved , nor a groan was uttered . I know—and my informant was a clerk in the office of the Ministry of War—that the official return of insurgents killed was two thousand and seven , and of soldiers fifteen . Rather long odds !—Biekm ' s Household Words .
BKSPOTISU IN BOOIHERH ITALY . A correspondent of the " Athenaeum " says : — . Wherever I travel in Southern Italy , I see one broad declaration on the face of society . The honest in religion and in politics are the universally persecuted by tho powers that be . The bad man findB favour before the thrones of princes , —the worldly man intrigues at the foot of St . Peter : —presenting altogether a picture of society somewhat resembling the times of our own Jamea the Second . The state of popular ignorance which it is desirod to keep up , and which I have heard soberly maintained to be essential to the happiness of the kingdom , may be inferred from the following anecdote . I was in a country village
near Naples on the day of the recent eclipse ; and having burnt some glass to shade my eye , all the peasantry around came to have a peep . Curiosity rather than fear was the prevailing sentiment ; as the general idea was , that there was a row " ( literally ) between the Sun and Moon , — " un appicdeo fra il tole e la hna . " ' ' Shall we have rain , Signor ? " said one , as the Sun ' s diao became gradually darker . " There ' s the Moon on the top , " said another * . —whilst as the Moon passed over , a third exclaimed exultingly , " Ah , Signor , quests rim ( ot orisse ) vengono ogni tanto , ma la luna mai vince . " In short , the common idea was that there waB a kind of domestic disturbance between the Sun and Moon , —and , as too often happens , sympathy was with the stronger .
POOR RBLIBF IN SCOTLAND . , We should not overlook in these days of experimental philosophy , that occasions frequentl y occur when the political and moral sciences are as truly subjected to the test of experiment as was ever any hypothesis in chemistry or in dynamics . At this very moment an extensive series of ope * rations are being brought to a close in the Scotch High-, lands and Islands partaking in the most decided manner of the nature of a great experiment—and' a perfectly successful one , too—in political economy . It is well known , that the potato , famine of 1816 and the subsequent years extended with distressing severity to the remoter districts of Scotland—that great Bufferings were endured by the
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suooour' was' set Va foot . The'Central ' BoardhSS ^ J bli-hed on'the 6 th o . f Febraary ^ 1847 , and ^ it haJbeent active operation "dn . « ng the . five years > that havefriLS elapsed . The . administration of theBoard was divided h « tweeh two seotions—one at Edinburgh and one at Glasgow The Edinburgh aeotion b , ave just given an account of their proceedings ; and it is dnw . n up with so much modesty olear n ' ess . and force that the volume in which itappenrs will meet " it' is to be hoped , with a fate better than that which usually swallows up similar publications . We have read no composition lately , tha , t has struck us more forcibly as a happy illustration of the effects produced by knowledge when ap . plied to' the : ordinary concerns of life . The Committee found themselves suddenly called on to provide food and
employment for a numerous , rude , andsoattered population in a difficult and poor country . To have given promiscuous alms would have introduced a reign ofpauperfsm —work was therefore required in return for relief . But the nature . of . the ' oountry admitted of work of certain kinds only being undertaken . To make roadsand harbours on the estates of the landholders without exacting from the landholders some corresponding return , would have been taxing the community for the benefit of a few fortunate private persons . Still , roads and harboura were the great wants of the district . The Committee removed the difficulties by combination . Treaties of co-operation were entered into with the landholders—the people were employed on public works—and an efficient labour teBt was provided . By this means something like a revolution has been effected in the means of locomotion in the remoter
highlands . But that was not all . Means were adopted for stimulating the industry of . the " crofters , " or small farmers , by giving them leases of their holdings in return for a certain amount of capital expended . Further , successful efforts have been made to introduce a manufacture of hoisery , into the highlands for the employment of the female part of the peasantry : taking care , however , that the manufacture shall be a natural , not a forced one , —that is to sayrthat it shall depend on the ability of the hi ghland women to compete successfully in the markets of the world as produces of articles of hoisery . It is found that they can do this , and are willing to do it ; and that is all that can be dealred . The Edinburgh section are now resting from their labours . They have covered themselves with honour , —and deserve the thanks of the Nation for what they have accomplished . —Aihinceum .
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Thb Nsw . CBNsoRsmp op the Stags . —On the 2 nd insfc . a xikase was issued by her Majesty ' s chamberlain , the examiner of all theatrical entertainments , prohibiting the representations a harmless and perfectly loyal scene in one of the pantomimes at a minor theatre , merely because it gave a pioture of ' . ' royalty at home . " The public must have been prepared for this new coup d ' etat by the recent oircular of the Lord Chamberlain , commanding all managers of theatres not only to transmit the manuscri pts ° l ™ ° P ening " but also the scenes of the harlequinade in the Christmas pantomimes , for approval . In obedience to ? ™ ° , mandate » Mr . Smith , the lessee and manager of the Marylebone theatre , transmitted before the allotted time of seven dear days before representation the plot and changes of the pantomime to be produced at his theatre ,
entitled Sir John Barleycorn ; or Harlequin and the Fairies of the Hop and Vine . " In the oomio business he had prepared a soene which he meant to be complimentary to her Majesty for her patronage of the drama by encouraging the engagement of theatrical performers by our aristocracy and the revival of a taste for the legitimate . The scene waa made to represent the exterior of Old Drnry covered outside with bills announcing "Promenade Concerts horse-riding , &o . " Presently a crowd of Thespians enter engaged in every trade and occupation but the right one ; and , lastly , "Avon ' s bard , " attended by Hamlet , Kino liichard the Third , &o ., the orchestra playing the air , " We have no work to do . " After some allusions pertinent to the oeohne of tne
drama , and its attempted revival by Mr . Bunn , the Clown proposes his remedy , and to that end fires a pieoeof ordnance , which causes a change to a . transparent circular painting of the interior of the Rubens Room in Windsor Castle during the Chriatmas representation of Hamlet , her Majesty and the Prince being very conspicuous in the royal box ; at the same time the band strike up the . National Anthem , and the audience applaud with vehemence . The lessee , not having received from the Lord Chamberlain any reply as to his manuscript , played the pantomime on Boxing . ni ght and every succeeding ni <» ht up to Friday last , to the infinite satisfaction of crowded houses , who loyally acknowled ged it to be the most telling scene in the entertainment . On Friday nieht . howeverl the man * .
ger was surprised to reoeive , by hand , a printed document , datedjullv fourteen days previously , and itgned " Breadalbane , which , while it permitted the above entertainment to appear , obliged the manager to leave out the scene in reference to " Windsor Castle , &o . " Probably there are but few persons ablo to discover any impropriety in pourtray ing the . domestic scenes of a court , whilst the same soeneB are engraved in our illustrated journals , and are otherwise exhibited in every print shop in the kingdom . Dost Mahomed akd nis Sons . —The "Bombay Times " says , if Dost Mahomed was not dead , he seems to have been very near it when the following intelligence was transmitted : -The Haider Khan , here mentioned as having been chosen by his father to succeed to his " turban , " will be remembered by many of our readers as tho captive we had l
ong reBiomg at iiombay amongst us-he having been governor of Ghuznie at the time of our invasion , and sur . rendered himself to Lord Keane on the capture of the fort—5 " i 1 ° n Kenerally considered a well informed and highly intelligent man : " We have alluded , more than once to the reports that have been recently spread abroad , on several occasions , of the death of the Ameer of Kabul , Dost Mahomed Khan ; these have originated in the fact that the Ameer has been very ill , especially since the beginning of October , when the illness under which our ancient foe has been labouring assumed such a serious shape as very materially to disturb men ' s minds at Kabul-so much so , indeed , as to render it necessary for the soverei gn to show himself in public as the onl y means of convincing the people that he was still in the land of the living . It is said that the Ameer is fully aware of his dying condition , and also reported that his son Ghoolam Haider Khan is the one to whom he has more especially imparted his views regarding the future management of his kin ? .
0 u- L ai ? Afzul Khan » s tho eldest son , and on his head the turban has been formally placed by the Ameer ; but it is asserted that , deeming the confidence of nia lather to rest with his younger brother , he has , with much generosity , sacrificed his own interests to those of tne stato , _ and acquiesced in the wishes of hia father by transferring to Sirdar Haider Khan the turban of succession placed on his own head . An opinion prevails , however in some quarters , that Sirdar Sultan Mahomed , tho late ? hI L ° lB ^ . . / . . ? P . . uffici ( * t interest amongst the powerful section of Kohistanees
to ensure his suocession to the throne of Kabul when it may become vaeanfi to the detriment of either of his nephews . The question cannot be one of doubt very long , as Dost Mahomed has not many days to live . Of the other sons of the Ameor , uu n is collecting revenue a mainarmie in the neighbourhood of Ghuznee , Mahomed Ameen Khan is in Konistan , Mahomed Akram Khan in Toorkistan , and Mahomed Az-em Khan , with between two and three thousand men , in Khoorum , adjoining the British territory of Bungush , of which Kohat is t , hn n . mi ^ l . Af 7 nl tthnn
and the rest of his brothers are at Kabul . " Protection to Passengers . —On Saturday a notice was issued from the Custom House that no vessel would be cleared for sea , whether steam or sailing vessel , unlesB furnished with boats and signal lights , regulated according to tonnage ; and , for the greater safety of passengers , any vessel takin g more than ten passengers , Trill , in addition to their boats , be required to carry a life boat , under a penalty of £ 100 to the owners and £ 50 to the master . Inobnious Application op Gutta Pbrcha —A process for causing Gutta percha to adhere firmly to the metallic structures , necessary for the support of artificial tooth , and for preserving it from the friotion of tho tongue , has been invented b y Mr . Trueman , of 23 , Old Burlington-street , and is a matter of importance to manv norsons . Rv rho
method employed , the bulk and woight of the apparatus usually made use of are avoided , and the painful effects of the pressure of hard metal upon the gums removed , the elastic nature of utta percha admitting of the closest contact with them without inconvenience . The substance is also coloured by a contrivance which closely imitates the natural colour of the gums . The invention , though simple , and without any complexity , is perfectly efficacious , and a e 3 tei eI'S P . ur se for which it was intended very cora-. ^"" Sandiord . —A letter from a respeotable resident at Adelaide , in that country , inserted in the "Worcester ™ ' says , "I think you would like to know a little about Emil y Sandford . We often see her ; we do not live very far from her ; she seems a very interesting woman ; she is married to a German , and has one ohild four months old ; and the child , of whom Rush was the father , is a sweet littlecreature ; they do well , and seem very happy . She has bought houses with the money that was collected for
Ihe Inventor of thb ELKCTROTYPE . -The occasion of a public dinner given to Mr . Thomas Spencer by his friends ih Liverpool on his leaving that place furnishes an opportunity of removing a doubt which has existed as to the dis-? ul « m lhe ? le ° P : , harges were brought forward in the Mechanics' Magazine" in 1844 to the effect that Mr . l / M ^ nf M « T 5 » 13 kno ^ , d ^ of the electrotype from a S n & rd - V a lished in tnat journal in June , 3 S 5 »;?« . ! - pomt Mr > te ' inbls addre " at the K ? v" ? fu " ' Vl ? "g can be more absurd than this last charge . In fact I bad never seen tha tat ™ PMnte
2 £ 1-Wri ? ' ? . ° fV ' had ' Icould no 1 ua * e obtained anything practical from it . My claims have been uraally admitted as dating from May 1839 because at a ofStTo ' ° f W 0 ] ytMc So " iety 7 heldo n U Ah of that month , a letter was read from me to the society , of £ tSB f * f «? A- b 00 ks Of the societ y- nti ° » ° 80 ^ of the results of the discovery , and also that I had been entm ! i Z ? ? B th * Process for a considerable period . JS « 1 « 1 T T ^ l" t 0 by 8 eVeral merabers wm Present , some of whom had been made acquainted with my experiments at the first meeting of the society YoZber previous . Along with this letter a number of voltaic SDecic 0 Z ™ lS * S ^ eet 5 n S' "^ Stta KorSSaKSa copper moulds , and specimens of engraving , all of which whth ^ nwT ^ by - the A t ^ o tyPe . I" a conversation "fitt II } eXDlained . the Process to the meeting , and 2 BS T iT \ u me Tclmm of sil «* Plating and gilding of £ iV "' h me Fr ? m the Tefy careful examination ThilJwn ' . . e > ve > 6 n long convinced that Mr . ¦ JSS ! ™ Ji « * ' . aim t 0 be the d » coverer of the important ^ otro j metaUurgical process ia placed beyond dispute .-
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• Cons . —Why are loirers ' sighs like long stockings ? -Beoauie they are high ho s . Why are persons born blind unfit to be carpenters ^—Because they never saw?—Rmeh . Problem in Navigation . —Do vessels sailing under bare poles , thereby become polar bears ? t kadino people will become a thinking people , and BeonV" ar 8 ca P ' ° * becoming a rational and a great nsint ^ T iron manufactured produce of Britain is now Z ?» r ? ' 000 tons per annum . nroHnp ' , 7 , in Beteium . *» Ued the Vieille Hontagne , KeL } lm tban 11 . 600 tons of thismetalin 1350 An !« n Pl p ymeDt to 2 ^ men . itL sa , » fv !; -Be t 8 y . in the play of The World ' s a ¦ ^ ySlsi ? ^ *' «" - > »» dfors ettin * . Aft ^ a ' . aaY , ;*
--gp ^^ tf-vs ^ . aa tifStrr ^ ^ 01111111 * 8663 b a ^ enofbeau . Flirtation . -n * rattle of the female snake before securing its viohm . —Young ladies' social champagne . BBWirro S Heart . — 'Th * best oard in the chance game of " Matrimony ; sometimes overcome by diamonds and knaves often won by trickB , treated in a shuffling manner , and cut altogether . Album . —A drawing-room man-trap , set by young ladies . — The Month , A Poskr . — " Isn't the world older than it used to be ?" said a youog hopeful to his senior . — " Yes , my son . "" Then what do folks mean by old times ?"
To Sbason Miscb Pus . —Put in allthe nice thing 3 you can afford , then add twice as much more—they will be superexcellently good . n ' u - RlM - —An Irishman , coming to Dublin to spend his LImstmas , took the stBge in preference to the railway , because , as he said , he could ride four timeB a 3 long for the same money . Thk middle-aged lady of respectable connexion , who » Mvor nursed a tree or a flower , ' * has gone north to marry the blacksmith by whom " the last link was broken . " IHRA 8 H 1 NG a Husband . —A woman , in Ne * Hampshire , who had been ill-used by her husband , on finding him sound asleep ^ one day , quietly sewed him up in the bed clothes , and then gave him a tremendous thrashing ! An Irish piper , who now and then indulged in a glass too much , was accosted by a gentleman with— " Pat , what makes your face so red ?" - " Please yer honor , " said Pat , I always blush when I spakes to a eintlem * n . "
a aiTTER C « p . -The friends of Louis Napoleon pretend that he has acted with impartiality towards the soldiers and the people ; for if he gave wine to the military , he did not fail to give the citizens a t » Bte of the grape . —Punch . EXTRACTS FROM PUNCH'S ALMANACK .
How to begin thb New YEAR .-Open the door with the silver key of Hope , that it may close on the golden hinge of Prosperity . Nbw-tbar ' s day in China is remarkable for the Feast of Lanthorns , when it is lucky to walk home from the temple with a candle Btill burning , the great point of the feast being to avoid a blow-out . Thb storms of Adversity are wholesome ; though , like snow-storms , their drift is not always Been . Moral op the MisTLEioB .-If you print a kiss-don'ft publish it . Sermon of the Hoily . —The holly-twig from the Christmas mantel-piece preaches this Bhort sermon to all tho household : — " Be your spirits green and ever-green as my leaves ; and your hearts red and unspotted as my berries . " Real Prize ' Beef . —The biggest joint given to the poorest and tho best-deserving of neighbours .
your A Good hand of Cards for a Happy Couple . —Lots of hearts , a sprinkling of diamonds , no clubs , and one spade —last card of all—between the partners . Travelling Extraordinary . —On Christmas day an alderman of the city of London having eaten his beef at Uapham , walks , in less than five minutes' time , into Turkey ! Mbm . bt a Maniac—A one-armed man is always an offhanded kind of fellow . Rougk-bt-Noir . —Port wine to-day , black draught tomorrow . Found in an Omnibus by a Gentleman , who was seated with bis back to the window , a severe cold . Anybody desirous of possessing the same , can have it by going to the same place and paying the usual expenses . —The Month .
ExpoRis .-The Board of Trade returns for the month of November contain the novel entry of" exports of grain and flour . ' These stand ( for the month ) - . —Wheat , 15 , 000 quarters ; barley , 2 , 000 ; and oats , 1 , 000 . Wheat flour , 9 , 22 o cwts . Too Expensive . —A friend of ours says he should have remained single , but he couldn't afford it . What it cost him for " gala and ice-cream , " is more than he now pays to keep a wife and to bring up eight ohildren . Bachelors should think of thiB . How to oet Fat . —One of the worst things to fatten on ia Envy . In our opinion , it is as difficult for a grudxing man to raise a double-ohin , as it is for a bankrupt to raise a loan . Plumpness comes not from roast beef , but from a good heart and a cheerful disposition . A Boll—At a crowded lecture on Bloomerism the other evening , a young lady , standing at the door , was addressed by an honest Hibernian , who was in attendance on the 00 casion , with " Indade , miss , I should be glad to give you a Bate , but the empty ones are all full . "
Ihe Fashion of the Monih . —The new article of Lady ' $ ¦ Dress thatwill be so very much worn . —Clara— "Ilow do you like my new waistcoat , dear ? ' '—Harriettc— ' Well . I declare it ' s sweetly pretty !—the most—a—a-tbe moat slap-up thing I ' ve seen for a long time . "—Me Month . Hints for Young Ladies . —If young women waste in trivial amusements the prime season for improvement , which is between the ages of sixteen and twenty , they regret bitterly the loss when they come to feel themselves inferior in knowledge to almost every one they converse with . Mi'sicians . —It is recorded as a musical fact , that every orchestra contains two " musicianers" with moustaches , one with spectacles , two with bald heads , and , lastly , a very modest man with a white cravat , and that he , from the force of circumstances , always plavs upou a brass instrument . "
AParsoks Prayer . —in a storm at sea , the chaplain asked one of the crew if he thought there was any danger . " Oh , yes , " replied the sailor ; ' if it blows as hard as it does now , we shall all be in Heaven before twelve o ' clock to night . " The chaplain , terrified at the answer , cried out , "Shallwe ? tho Lord forbid 1 " Mother . —Let no young man expect success or prosperity who disregards the kind advice and pious instruction of his mother . What can be more consoling and heart-cheering in severe affliction than the fond recollection of a piousmother ' s prayers and tears , poured forth and shed for her beloved offi-prmg ?
A Dancing-master , on being cast away on a desolate island , lived six months without any other food than that which he derived from " cutting pigeon wings" and stewing them . Here ' s a hint worth taking to sea . If learning to dance will prevent you from shuffling off this mortal coil , it is the duty of every man and woman to grow wise in cotillons . The Frescii Mint . —Wo learn from some returns from the French mint , that while the coinage uf gold in Franoe was less than half a million sterling for some years previous to 1818 , it rose in that year to one and a half million sterling , —in 1849 to two millions , —in 1850 to three and a half millions , —and in the first ten months of 1851 , to no lesST than ten and a quarter millions .
The late Mr . Turner , ll . A . —We learn on good authority ( says the "Manchester Guardian" ) that tho late Mr . Turner has left by his will a sum of £ 200 , 000 , for the purpose of founding an institution for the relief of decayed artists , and has given all his pictures ( with the exciption of three of his own works , which are left to the nation ) for tho purpose of embellishing the building which is to be erected for that purpose . Thb President ; of the United States remarks in his message that the advantages of science in nautical affairs , have rare y been more strikingl y illustrated than in the tact that , by means of the wind and current charts , projected and prepared by Lieutenant Maury , the Superintendent of the Naval Observatory , " the passage from the Atlantic to tho Pacilic ports of our country has been shortened by about forty days . "
Potatoks have been raised by J . Gaskell , Esq ., of St . Nicholas , from seed potatoes received from New Zealand ^ The seed was obtained for the purpose of testing an opinion , that the produce of Beed raised in those islands , where the potato disease is unknown , would be free from its attack ia this country . Mr . Gaskell ' s experiments prove the contrary , as , in three experiments , the produce was as much infected as was that from English-raised seed . —Cottage Gardener . Parisian Fashions for December 1851 , —At the beginning of the present month the favourite colour was a shot , which was met with almost everywhere in tho promenades on the Boulevards . Steel has been almost universal ia Paris , and a great deal of it has been seen in points by way of trimming to the jacket . The material most in requisition has been Muzzlin ' , which has been much worn by members of tho Assembly and the writers for the newspapers . — Punch .
Eask for Man . —By the year two thousand , says ao American paper , it iB probable that manual labour will have utterly ceased under the sun , and the occupation of the adjective "hard-fisted" will have gone forever . They have now , in New Hampshire , a potato-digging machin . 8 which , drawn by horses down the rows , digs the potatoes , separates them from the dirt , and loads them up into til © cart , while the farmer walks alongside , whistling " Haft Columbia , " with his hands in his pockets . A Smart Lad .- " Is Mr . Bluster at home ?" - " No , sir , " said a smart cockney youth , "neiB out of town , sir . * — "When can I . see him ? ' " I don ' t know , sir . Bav « you any special business with Mr . Bluster ?"— " Yes , thera is an account I wish to settle . "— " Well ( remarked the cunning lad ) I can ' t say when he will get bade . "— " But I wish to pay the bill , as lam to leave town immediately . "— "Oh I you wish to pay him some money , sir ? ( said young sagacious ) Well , perhaps I may be mistaken—he may be upstairs , sir . Please , walk in , sir ; your hat , if you please , sir ; Mr . Bluster will be here in a moment , dr . "
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Janttary 10 , 1852 . THE ^ WitE RN g ^ R ¦ " . ^^ t ^^^^ r ^^^ - ^^^^^^^^^^ „ * - ' ^^^^^^^^ W ^^ i ^ i ^^^^ i ^ i ^^^ i ^ i ^^^ i ^ i ^ i ^ i ^ i ^ i ^ il ^^ iM ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ S ^ S ^ E ^ i ^ i ^ i ^ i ^ BM ^^ iM ^ i ^^^^ j ^^^^^^^^ ¦ - ^^
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 10, 1852, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1660/page/3/
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