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Bmottstit f^obements.
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- ^ n ^ h waees iXronnd . and low wages all round , is S ^ TSL Jro porBonttt difference caused by high wages ^ pTwbat thej produce , and the share of that produce ** - r «\ ls to their o * fi-lot to consume . If wages were * i \ h round , each shoemaker would pay a higher prico ? ' H- bat and each batW a higher price for his shoes , K _ * on I" } , ut as each produces more in value than he - riies and , therefore , Belli more than he buys , each 503 have a balance on the f .- . durable side ; and all who * rot labour , would share ks » of the produce of labour c nr *! h em . All attempts to nf ^ e the value of labour lB 1 -eV < i < jwn as a ' conspiracy a-jai , gt consumers . * Those " i -aise thit cry keep carefully ouuf . Mi , 'ht the fact that ^ " ' n'Odoeers are " also consuinora ; bA all consumers are
" t v-odocers . wnat is required m 3 iciety is neither ex-^" ' « dfarness , r . or excessive chc-apnes , bat the medium . ^¦' i'lrilKfory abundance ; a result wbVU can never be Tr-a'ht " aboat by ' buying in the cheapest market , and -aii'i ¦» in the dearest . ' And the more that the doctrine of iji e ' ' " Manchester men . ' who hj « va made it n rule to quote ' ¦ ' v < uch portions of the writings of Sniiti . as euit their ^ i ends , are examine I into , thu more evidmt will our % V of : hVir system become . Viaia Smith never entertained the opinion thai- any pro' j , i on jn the ' Wealth of Nations' would he tarncd to - Timely part * account , and made the staple delusion of a -iron Every ca e ul render of his works knows that bia wi ^ p ' iacs in favour of Horae Trade in preference to 7 c-e "a Trade ; and his remarks on the Navigation Laws veV- ^ wud to the one proposition of the 'Manchester men . atUnmtic authorhe
Afca Smith i « fat from being an ; was a tnat and a useful thinker , a pleasmt though loose witcr . In the proposition on which we b » ve commented , * se conveyed to governments an impotent Je 3 son , teichbg : Seni sot to unnecessarily interfere with the acts of sub jfci ?; he found capitalists in many cases trammelled by bterfcrences which had been retained after Hociety had , s . h : s iudgment , outgrown t ' aeir limits ; he desired that Jaws should change to suit the wants of man , but lie never dit-snifid of finuine any seitence of his , picked from its coatox- and exhibited : is a ' settlement' of the rights of Liboar , Capital , smd Exchanges . In almost e * cry 3 ection of h : 3 bojfc , he warns l ? ei ?! ators , statesmen , and simple citizen ? , to guard aeair . it ; ho inoropolisinsj ? pirit of merchants ai . d manufacturers ; an examination of the history of co ; nm < rce imarefscd him with the necessity for such
warnings ; thev -were made in sincerity , and were never more seeded than now . Merchants and manufacturers , ^ itii honourable exceptions , have leagued together to popakrise a delusion , a fraud up n the people , and through the p . u ; plo on the legislature . Such men have resolved to cliiig lo one dogma—and one dogma only , aud on a gratuitous assumption of its truth ' uatnrally and necessarily , ' they are prepared to ; - ? ave the weak at the mercy of thg jtronj . an « l the simple ni the mercy of the cunning . Such working men as may read this letter will do well to Le en tht-ir guard against a ' settlement' to which they
fcnve not been originally consenting partiee . We , on their ieha : f , cesfre to haro a ' aettle .-r . ent' of a more compretcn-. lve character than is to ha found in the phrase ' buy cheap nnd sell di-ar . ' It is necessary , first , to unsettle ;» : h ' settlement ; ' that once done , the whole matter will be o : « n for investigation . It will then be found that the 1 Manchester men' with Mr . Cobden at their head , have teen somewhat hasty in their assertion , that Adam Smith sud oJiers , ' had , in so summary a manner , ' settled ' the whole question of labour , Capital a&d Exchanges . Gracchus .
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MEN AND PRINCIPLES . Mr . Editor , —It ha 3 certainly fallen to our precious Jot to live under the reign of Humbug . I do rot suppose the modern world could go on for a dayit would stand still on its axis but for tbe grease of Humbug . The man who does not belieTe in Humbug is voted an ass by the men who are wise in this generation of Humbug . If I do not humbng my neightour and fleece him , some one else will , —and why not I ?—I am humbugged , eVeryijody in humbugged . That is its exquisite philosophy ; and I verily beiievo that one-half of the world would reject life us a squeezed orange , while the other half would spurn it as a sour apple , but fcr the delicious oil and nectar of Humbug . People like to be humbugged ; there can be no mistake about that There is nothing half so
successful as Humbug I It lolls in luxury , reeks with riches , aud its lips drop fatness , while poor Truth is driven out of our midst , and made to house with those grim companions—Hunger and Cold . Humbug is the Proteus of tho nineteenth century , and has its countless manifestations . People go to the mart to be humbugged ; they could not " trade at all with plain , honest dealing , —they go to cheat and to he cheated . People go to cliurch to 1 ) 9 humbugged . They have engaged the preacher especially to humbug them . Woe to that man who shall disturb their devotions at tho shrine of Mammon , by giving them any uncomfortable qualms of conscience ! Ko reference to their darling deceits and bosom Bins , he must pitch into the Scribes and Pharisees and such
like miserable sinners , who have been dead these eighteen centuries , and who have no living relatives who could possibly feel wounded by hearing them denounced and damned . The Government is a Humbug ! The Priesthood is a Humbug ! Trade is a Huaibug ! Demagoguism is a Humbug ;—but the world is not going to give up its cherished delusions for all that ! A friend of mine has made a reputation for -wisdom , something beyond that of Plato , simpl y by the way in which he wears his spectacles—they look so wise ! While fellows -with just enough sense to raise themselves from tbe insignificance of duncehood to the dignity of bores , are looked up to as Tritons among minnows , and make their fortunes with their talismanic utterance of an ' ahem . ' Such
isthe almighty power of Humbug . But , as there are some fish in every stream that swim against tho current , so ar-. i there some men who , from the necessities of their nature , oppose tho current of things as the world goe 3 . I am one of these , aud do not believe in Humbug . I am not one of the herd who fall down and worship everything that is uppermost , and 1 will not cry Longlivo Humbug . " As I have said , it has countless manifestations , but , I have noted few moramephistopbelian and mendacious than one or two which have come under my notice of late . One of these consists of tho canting , hypocritical cry which has been raised against what has been amusingly
termed the 'personalities' of the 'Star of Freedom ' Humbug ! mat , if I am Btabbed in the dark , am I to remain silent and satisfied , when told that nobod y saw the blow dealt ? If I Bee thiweB breaking into the house opposite , am I to raise no alarm , for fear it should break the slumbers of my neighbour 1 If I W a man to be a sharper and a rogue , and see him picking the pockets of the people , and fleecing them , under false pretences , am Ito make no mention of it because it may be accounted personal ? If I see Trickery gulling simple , ignoraat people , like those boys who aay to their unsophisticated dupes , ' open your month and shut your eyei , and see what God will
send you , ' and then dab ina lump of dirt inetoad of the expected plum , am I not to cry shame upon the rascality because it may be personal V If I see Vice masquerading in the stolen garb of Virtue , am I to refrain from raising the mask from her horrible feature ! , for fear of personality ? Are we to permit any miierable vindictive man , who may be such an egotist that he preys on his own heart , and eats his own excrements , and who , toad-like , spitB his malice and spleen npon the waters of Freedom , so that the People shall not drink ; or , like a toothless , brokenwinded bull dog , lies in the -way , and makes amends ^ r his dilapidated toothlessness , by the ferocity of his
howling , and frightens the travellers on the Democratic road ? Are we to permit this , I say , and not deno unce it , because it is' personal V Surely this is "le acme of Humbng , which can no farther go ! "We Bugbt as well throw the same protecting shield around the devil-hearted dog ^ Nicholas of Rassia , andBona-Parte , the burglar on a national Ecale , and that sleek yo ung dabbler in Wood , the Austrian Tyrant , includjflg butcher Haynau , the hoary old murderer Raflekk y , Bomba , Ward , and other worthies in the «« ne sacred band , and lay the finger on the lip of Silence , lest by naming them we should be denounced as dealers in * Personality 1 ' Another shape which V"unbug has taken in these things , will be found IQ doctrine laid down the other day , by an assumed ^ P « nent of Democracy— ' Do not look to men , look | ° princi ples ! No matter what a man may be , so . ° g as he advocates our principles . ' What a start-D y novel moral code for Democracy ! In every way * ° rth y of that beastly brothel , the court of Charles ! r ! L wcond ; a most appropriate toast for the jMjunbood of brigands and courtesans that j ^ ttoir saturnalia at Bonaparte ' s Elysian revels ! «» What a beautiful spirit of Equality and Fraternity i opens the arms of welcome , and offers the emandf ° faffec tion to all Rogues and Shams , Tricksters if tt T , atani » Hypocrites , and Traitors whatsoever , te , * " 1 but advocate our principles ! So , it matlif « a ins ' a man reck ° n U P iQ hwown single th * r * sum total of *»* and Tmanv ! He maybe tie ?! » ? ^ probate , tbe most degraded drunkard , ando £ * fle of sensuality—he may have deceived tfciS t c ^ h . ave Put faith «« im-fle may be * obhp ? * i ° ^ aedit and conscience—he may have Mood- * « a poor of the earnings coined | from their u .. ana tears-he may have | violated he dearest
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and nearest ties of life—he may have written that which shall circulate like poison in the veins of the nation , and blighted the young and noble life of Humanity , and he may be the Procurer for Hell who weaves tbe lewdest " sorceries to encbant the people and render them an easy prey for Death and Damnation of Body and Soul ! And for all this we are to receive him as one of us if he advocates , or pretends to advocate , our principles ! Oh ! but this is too terrible , and too mournfully sad for jest ! All this has been done , and is still done under the garb of
Democracy , aud it could not grow aud flourish under sucli a curse . But what sublime audacity fur any Impostor to look upon this withering curse and say it 13 good , giva it benison , and consecrate it ! The impious words of the Parisian Arch-Bishop in blessing the red-handed myrmidons of Napoleon the Little , were hallowed and holy in comparison . Spurn such a doctrine to hcil , all ye who love Democrac )' . It is to the men and to the lives they live , that we have to look ; if they lie not pure and noble , their advocacy is not worth an anatheraa . This enunciation
was a fitting manifesto of principles to usher in the man who , we are credibly informed , delighted to boast of his debaucheries when he lay in gaol , and would iio and tell his fellow-prisoners how he had seduced the wives of Chartists , notably one , who had given him a month's food and shelter when he was hiding away from the grip of tho Law , gloating and glorying ic hu shame I Democracy spurns the advocacy of such rrdeerable wretches , It needs a diviuo man to utter anything dirine ; it requires a good man to champion a good cause . A bad man , though never such an hypocrite and accomplished Sham , must damage and do harm . Ilia advocacy is sure
to be fatal in the long run ; he blights all he puts his hand to , aud uttor damnation oozes from a thousand pores . The Slave , the Sensualist , aud the Coward , cannot be good Democrats . Men c&uuofc be Democrats unlesi they live their principlei in their lives , which should be grand and God-like . They who cherish our principles should keep them unsullied as the heart ' s first love , and amid * the worst surrounding circumstances they should treasure some corner of the heart as a temple of the beautiful , fit to enshrine them in . How can we decry the vices and crimes of a bloated lecherous aristocracy , while we tolerate the like ehame amongst ourselves ? How
can we cry out agaiust other tyrannies , if we are to bend to this tyranuy of mendacity and ignorance sought to be imposed upon ub , the filtered sediment of all other tryauniea ? No , no , my friends , if we know a man to be a knave , a liar , and vice-ridden , though he be zealous as an apostle in our cause , let us scout him , for ho is none of us , and do not let us bring down the odium and obloquy of a mocking world on our holy Cause , by permitting such , an one to represent it . This cause of Democracy in which we battle to-day reckons among its exponents and champions the pure and large-hearted Nazarene , who died thorn-crowned on Calvary , and whose
dying smile has lit the gloom of eighteen centuries , and whose life gave a newer and nobler out-budding to the whole human existence . And that splendid spirit Rienzi , who , in the midst of daik ages , worked such , a wondrous redemption for Rome , and the immortal patriot of Sempach , and a whole host of heroeB and martyrs who have lived and died for Democracy—the world ' s purest , and noblest , and greatest . And this cause of English freedom iu which we long to prove ourselves valiant and worthy workers , is rich in heroes and martyrs , heroic memories and thrilling associations . We are of the same race , and akin to earth ' s wisest and loftiest ,
who have left us their noble names as watchwords for us to battle by . Milton was of us , and held the faith we hold . It was to us that he and the greathearted heroes of his magnificent era , entrusted their infant cause , as they , its parent , sank with uplifted arms , and the tide of destruction swept over them . Shelley , and Burns , and Nichol were with us , and pleaded our cause , and shall we prove traitors to the trust they left us , by handing it over to the advocacy of any political Charlatan , foul-mouthed Bully , and fouler-hearted Traitor , who may come to us in hypocritic guise ? Nay , tha banner of Democracy must not "be entrusted to those who will trail it in the
mire—it must be given only to those who will bear it with a brave arm , nerved by a true heart , inspired by a glorious purpose . M . Louis Blanc remarks , that when leaders of the People cry , Follow us , the people have a right to ask , Whither arc you leading us . Let the people exercise their prerogative in thia case . Let them enquire where such and such a policy will lead them to , and remember that a man who is a slave and tyrant in private life cannot be a virtuous public man . We have too long sacrificed principles at tho Bhrine of men , instead of saen at the shrine of principles ; and this is why we have made no more progress than we have—this is wh y we aro stranded iu the middle of the nineteenth century , no nearer to the realisation of our hopes and aspirations than we appeared to be sixty years ago . Youn 2 s ew Contkieutor .
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jar Our Friends will oblige by forwarding reports of Chartist meetings , and other Democratic proceedings . CHARTISM . THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARXiLit ASSOCIATION .
TO THE CHARTISTS . Brother Democrats , —The present is a time of sorrow and of danger , —sorrow for the friends of freedom , —danger for the existing remnants of European liberty . Tho reaction is triumphant throughout tbe continent , and even here it is triumphant also . It triumphs amongst u « , not by means of the bayonet and theBword , by tho brute force of hired slaughterers , but by far more deadly weapons—by the apatbj of tho people , by the selfish ambition of professing friends , and by the folly of those who have been induoed to fight the battle of faction , and by creating disunion in the movement , prevent , or , at least , retard , the triumph of our cause . However piinful to us to employ tho language of condemnation to the aota of men who have been counted of our
party , the dictates of dnty leave ub no alternative . The late Bhata " Conference " at Manchester , with its attempts at usurpation und dictation , e » ery true Chartist is bound to repudiate . The enemies of Democracy could have imagined nothing more hurtful to us , as a party , or more likely to bring shame upon tho cause we labour for , than this attempt to set up » despotism in the ^ uise of democracyibis practical denial of the principles of democracy by "Democrats" themselves I There exists in the country a large class of mon who know little of Chartism but its name , who hare beard of it oi . ly from its calumniators , nnd who are , therefore , its opponents . Its truths they might love , if they came to
understand them . But are they likely to be converted by , or even listen to , men whoso flagrantly violate their own professed principles ? To dispel prejudice we must repudiate tho conduct of those who bring disgrace upon our'tnimo by their ineeniate intolerance . The experience of ' the last fifteen years would be utterly thrown away , were we to adopt the " Smashing Policy , " go absurdly enunciated by the sham " Conference . " Hot by "crushing" and " smashing , " not by rant , swagger , and falsehood oan any good cause ba advanced . Calm and di gnified argument' must be our means to prove the worth of our principles and their potency to establish tho freedom and happiness of the entire people .
Let those who have been deceived pause and consider the consequences of the course which they have taken , let them remember that this blow is struck at the Democratic causa at a ttme when of all others it most needs the support of firmly united defenders . The faction who seek to make tbe Chartist movement subservient to tbeir personal interests , have sought to disguise their proceedings under cover of neoessitjr . There were , they said , errors of organisation which it was needful to amend . There may be errors in our organisation ; but that organii&tion wsb the work of a national delegation , & fall and free representation of the Chartism of Great Britain , and wo have ever esteemed it our duty , as others ihould have done , to bow to tho national voice .
We have received suggestions relative to the amendment of tha organisation , which we think , may well be considered by a legally elected conference , but which it would be treason on our pirt to attempt to act upon , because contrary to the rulea laid down by the Conference of 1851 . It is not necessary to review the Beveral acts of the " eight , " who represented themselves , and who elected three of theniBelves a dictatorial triumvirate . Their meeting being anti-democntic , and'consequently according to the principles of Chartism , illegal in its origin , their acU were necessarily illegal , and iSthe estimation of
all true Chartists will be deemed null a&f void . But we feel bound to add our voice to that of the great mass of the party , in opposition to the moat glaring of their attacks upon our principles ; we allude to their attempt to set up a particular journal as the one " sole" and exclusive organ of Democracy . This attempt to ignore , stifle and suppress journals long devoted to the advocaoy of our cause ; this bare-faced outrage upon the right of free thought and free expression ; this plagiarism of Cossack dictation , may gladden the hearts of tyrants and slaves , but demands the foornful and indignant repudiation of all true Democrats .
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¦ - ¦¦ p ¦¦ ¦ _ ¦ ¦ ... i of all who cherish tho freedom of tho presB as on « of the moat valuable and sacred of the rights of man . To the noble Democrats of tho West Riding of Yorkshire we tender our earnest thanks , for their steadfast adherence to the good old cause , and their signal condemnation of faction and intolerance . ^ Witb Yorkshire in the van , wo have but to muroh in union , to ensure victory over false friends and open foes . We have been reproaohed with inactivity and neglect of duty as an Executive , because we resolutely resolved to fulfil our first dutv—thai of rescuing the party from the
stigma of debt . That stigma is now removed , our hands are unfettered , and wo are freo to perform tho duties appertaining to our offise ; but our action must greatly depend upon youvsj . Famish us with tho sinews of war , not fur self-appropriution , but to put tho machinery of tho Society into active operation , and you will see , to your satisfaction and to our enemies' confusion , that we are not either deficient in fidelity te our principles , nor in the energy nocessary to make the Chartist movement once again powerful and respected , and calculated to achieve real ami lasting benefits for the people .
As a first means towards the obtftinment of funds , we have printed a large number of cards of membership , the charge for which will be as her&tofore , in accordance with thp rules . y ? e invite the sub-. 'ccretaries of localities in existence , and active friends in districts where tho organisation has had , but 1 ) 33 not at present , any existence , to forthwith order cards from our secretary , and sot to work with courage and energy to reorganise the Association . That tho Executivo Conimitteo may carry out its mission efficiently and successfully , id is necessary that certain soats , at present not really occupied , should be filled up . It is not necessary that we should comment upon tho utter
impossibility of Mr . O'Connor remaining a member of tho committee . Mr . Linton ' s continued absence from London ( ho having been for some time past residing in Lancashire ) precludes us from lnving'his valuablo co-operation . You will , therefore , see tijfe necessity of electing two earnest and able Democrats to-supply th placo of those ijoritlemen . Sometime since Messrs . Shaw and Bezergave in their resignation , subject to the will of the localities ; but the expression of that will being opposed to their resignation , they have returned to their duties , and their colleagues can answer for them , that they win not be the last or the least active in labouring to promoto the welfare of tho Associa . tion .
that the election of two new members in placo of Messrs . 0 Connor and Linton may be no farce , we earnestly desire that the localities be forthwith reorganised . Of course members only will be allowed to vote . The nomination of candidates we hereby fix to take place between the dates of Tuesday , June the 22 ud , and Tuesday , July tne 20 th . The election to takn place butween tbe last named date and Tuesday , August 3 rd . Every oandiduto must have been a member of the Association for the last six months , in acoordance with the rules and regulations . Many topics remain for comment ; such as the general election—the of
employment missionaries—the convening a conference , « cc ., and on which we will fully express our views in our next address . On the first-named topic only we will now observe , that although the eleventh hour has already struck , and although there is but brief time to make preparation for tho representation of Chartism upon the hustings , still all that can should be done to vindicate the cause of the unrepresented classes , and to thunder in the ears of the privileged the voice of tho people demanding their sovereign rights . . „ _ James -GitASSBr , Secretary . 9 D , Regent-street , Lambeth .
MONIBB RE 0 B 1 VBD . M . R ., 108 . ; A . 1 ) ., 2 s . U . ; W . T ., Is . 6 d .: C . J ., Is . ; A Friend , 5 s , ; H . Y . 3 s . ; Y . Z ., 3 s . ; Total , £ 1 6 s . Jambs Grasbbt , Secretary ;
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WEST RIDING DELEGATE MEETING . THE "SMASHERS" BMASHED . A West Riding delegate meeting was hold at Mitch ell ' s Coffee-house , Bradford , on Sunday last . The following delegates were present : —Elland , Abraham Hanson ; Pudsev William luitcheland Ilenry Wilcock ; Leeds , William Brook &nd George Shaw ; Gibbit-lane , near Halifax , John Lawson and William . Maudo ; Keighley , James Smith ; Wheatley Charles Appleyard and Nathan ABhworth ; Northowrnu David Baylor ; Labour and Health Looality , Halifax ' Francis Mitchell and William Dennis ; Quoenshoad , John Bates ; Bradford , Union-street Locality , Robert Ryder and William Stainsby ; Sowerby , James Mitchell ; Iluddersfiold Thomas Hirst nnd John Bradley ; Cinder-hills , near Hali fax , Robert Worrall and William Kamsden ; Croft-street Locality , Bradford , Thomas Cameron uud John Suodorlaud Bingley , Robert Roper ; Bradford Democratic Association George Luscombe and Qeorgo Whito ; Loner Warley , David ' Lawson and John Wrigley ; Midgeley , James Greenwood und James Sharp ; Osendon , S » muel Magson .
Mr . Gbobqb Whitb moved— " That Mr . Brook , of Leeds preside over the meeting . " Mr . Cockrom said , before they proceeded to elect a ohairman , they ought to scrutinise tho credentials , for it was quite evident there were numbers there pretending to represent localities where previously no associations oxiated . Mr . CAWER 0 K objected . Mr . Rtdek said he thought that the delegates would be able to manage their own business without being dictated to by Mr . Cookroft as to who could Bit and who could not . It appeared from what bad fallen from that gentlemm that he and his friends were the only true representatives of Chartism , He seconded Mr . White ' s motion . Mr . Cockrovi again protestad against a chairman beine elected until they had decided as to who were qualified to lit . Mr . Clisbiti having followed on the same side
, Mr . 6 . Wuna Baid he could not sifc there and hear his right to git at that meeting disputed by either Cockroft or any one else . What could they think of a man who came thare to dictate who were to be allowed to sit , and who were not ? He ( Mr . White ) represented the largest body of Democrats in Bradfoird . Ha could produce his book and show them the »»««»> . ind » kow them too that they wcro not » newly jumped-up society , ^ Kh ^ d -existed forsome years . The factious conduct of Cookr « u t » w ,. a . » mRn-of , Mr , Brook ' s charaoter and standing in the movement was outrageous . , ¦ . ' ^^ i : i ^ , L " . ; Mr . Cockroft laid he couli Ifo ^ ogrw .-iw allow men to come there and sit as delegajf 8 nhoh ' » j 3 bBen elected , as he believed « omc of them hadj : BptWo or three of them assembling at a public houie r o ] jid appointing two of their members to represent them at that meeting . Mr . Smith having spoken , , •• , ;•'• ¦
Mr . Georqk White asked Cockroft how he dared impugn his right to ait there as a Chartist . He was there to represent the largest organised body of Democrats in Bradford , or perhaps in the Riding . ' Cockroft had charged them with being newty spraj ® up ^ He ^ r « w ! avcwrd on tiettable ; and asked CsctofcconliheipWduc ^ : that 5 : If he cottl < Fnb £ lefc ' n iffl ? CM ^ Ma ^ lS ^^ # llp wii ^ i ^^ m ' mi ^ m ? mm ^^ & m ^^^^^^ democracy ^^ mmSSmSk ^^ SmSB ^ mmibr from ¦
which t « tnmi : mffimm % M&M $ wm ?> ' Mr-SHAW w ^ oplo ^^^ K ^^ Theybnghi not to spend therr tima in - < aTiilfil ^ ut- get- to baainess ' at onee . . ;; : \ - ^ - * 3 ? f ? r ¦; ' ;¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ * : ; ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦' . ¦ . / ' ¦¦' I -W Mr . Natiob , saidi * 'VVeit ? ftaingimeeting had- beett called , all localities had been invited ^ toVBend ' a represents tive , and were they now to Bo told byCookroft ( who appeared to have taken upon himself the office of dictator ) that before they could ait there they must ask his leave ? If things had come to that pasi , it was time to give up . . ' . * . After anothir speech from Mr . Cockroft (' . ) , and speeches from Messrs . Stanisby , Cameron , and BateB ,
Mr . Whiib wished to know what Mr . Jones had been brought to that meeting for , if it was not to overawo the meeting , and turn its decisions in his own favour ? Mr . E . Jones Baid he was there as a reporter for tho preBs (?) and denied that he ( Mr . White ) was a Chartist , or had been sent there by Chartists . Mr . White said he was not there to see the principles of Chartism and the business of that meeting out up to please Mr . Jones aud his party . Mr . ninBT wanted to know wtiethor there was any pre-O 6 dentfor tho courBe they wero pursuing with regard to the delegates . He was in favour of every one sitting who had produced his credentials . Mr . CuflSBix would like to know what all these delegates were there for , if it was nob to put Mr ; Jones's party down 1
Mr . Brook domed that ho and his colleagues had come ' there for the purpose of p _ uttinjf ^ . any . one down . If-X Ir ^ Jonea ' s friends thought they ^ 0 m& do him any gbodi *] &f their outrageous nnd bullying conlaiSl , ' they would fiadtfrcp-i selveB mistaken ; for they . hadj ^ SftB him and themseltesjl more harm than all the enjgO ^^ y . had could havia ^ d ^ n them . His constituents ratpiiKttkjeni any part ^ iituwP meetings lately , because thej ^ Bn |^|^ ey could do bm ^ at Leeds . They had come thef ^^^ wpause the >^^^ stood that arrangements were tqpHB « ie > T 6 bvin % aft ^^^ Kyddatthe West Riding eleotwn ; They pd ^ D ^^^ p whole of the expense themselves at" ttie laBt'eleb'fiipIIniP they thought if the whole Riding were -fo jtiM&ffimmm muob easier , and better done ; and this mjmMmffiM there . Some of them talked about twojpl ^^ g ^ who were to set themselves up as iadges ^^^ H ^^ rl sit there , and who were not . Ilo couTd ^ als ^ B ^^^^ talked that way that the Leeds delegates ' hadWom ™ there to be bullied and insulted as they had Qejull $ | iji tain parties in that room . Their conduct way ^ ewljt disgraceful . ¦ ' V » . o # i £ . > : v ^
Mr . White again moved , and Mr . D . Lawson aeoonded" That Mr . Brook preside . " The motion waa put , and carried by r large majotity . Mr . Bbooi , in opening the business , said if the delegates would only go to work in a right Bpirit they might do good but if they g&ve way to a factious spirit thoy would play the game of their enemiea . Mr . Cocbroit moved— " That a committee of three ho appointed to examine the credentials . " Mr . Suith seconded the motion . As an amendment Mr , Camerom moved— " That all thoso who have presented credentials he allowed to sit . " Mr . Riphb seconded the amendment , and asked why Cookroft and his friends were so alarmed at such a number of delegates being present ?—they ought ratber to rejoioe . After some words from Messrs . Bradloy and Sunderland the motion and amendment were put to tbe rote , when the amendment vas carried ; all the delegates were therefore allowed to sit .
Mr . Cookroit rose in a great rage , and attompted to open up the question again . Tkii was the signal for a party of ruffiomi , whom he had brought from Halifax , to commtnet playing their part ; and forthwith they created Buch a noise and confusion , that it was imposiible to proceed with the business . The Cuairmam wiled the gang to order , and protested that he objeoted to this bullying and dictatorial spirit , by whioh Cookrcft sought to obtain his ends . ! Mr . Qbibswood laid , that he and his colleagues did not fear the itrictejt scrutiny , but he thought allthe peraons whose names had been delivered in should be allowed to sit . It was then resolved :- ' That no delegate be allowed to ipeak . more than once , except the mover of a motion in reply , and that eaoh speaker be allowed to speak only five mmutei at a time . '
Mr . Cawbeoi moved that the minutes of the last meeting be confirmed . ° Mr . Whiib naid , before thoy could oonirmthe minuteB they mutt be read . The Secretary then read the minutes Mr . Whitb Baid , it appeared to him that the whole quev ion turned upon the minutes . If they confirmed them , SLIP'S S ! SS- " i tha \ ^ boater Conference had done . The principal rewhtion stated that they were to puraue aoonoilutory course , and they were not to elect an Exeoutive until they had raiaed an ample fund to pay them . The Conference had voted an antagonS policy , and had appointed an Exeoutive without any fund / being ^ ue wl ? ifj ^ ;* STr g thU 8 violate < i the conditions on whioh the mon of the West Riding had promised them their support , that Conference ooufd have n ? claim to it . ( Hen the none and confusion of a band of m ^ " ^^ V ^ J ™ m ** , rendmdititl pombU to proceed tvtththe bwinu ,, or hear anything tbatwa , tatd for tome tme ! ! ! ! , 'J " * _ Silence having in some measure been restorod .
t « hrSSwSS ii i . tlieflMt re 8 Olufcion i » tue minutes to be read , again , which waa read as follows :- " That we WSSS ^ ZSgf " bMn " - '" rMpet " ° Mr . Whitb » aid , the resolution explained nothing . Thoy would have to go baok to a previous meeting , to find the decision that had been come to . m . T m P l i « B 0 lu t > ° n was then read , which authorised the Manchester Council to oall a Conference at Boon aB n majority of tUorganiied localities in Great Britain should give their sanction thereto . Mr , Wmraaaid , that this reBolution placed the Conference in a worn pontion than before . For it ueel »«> u they were not to oall a Conference until they had iue sanotion of
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awa ; on « y of theo > yan /«( i localities in their favour .. Ho ttonw-i the . eiShtmen wh «> met in Manchester called MeK'Sfi ? ^ J ™? ' : effcn if the letters which they had (^ TlillSI Rm )" 1111 fOTIued anything likeaia » w and \ he C Dnl ! J ! , 8 aid ' th e reaolution concerning the money ooas dered to V ^ - ^ 7 a re COSiraendatiou > aad ™ 8 not favour of !« , »„ L « b » ding on the Conference . He waa iu had come tofa ° airhamrd 3 * ^ ConfereDce fettnV Sd Si V ^ ' . tll 8 ree witha " tJ » at the ConmWdle cfiJes ewni ? ti CkroIt ha ? tall < ed ° f ° PP ° sinS the had talked of *' S £ i ?"!?? ^ f , '? r fcu 0 barter , and Jones agree to things Sffifind " 0 their ™^ s- He could not Uw fit ? exKtS ' r which calIed the Execuput them ou of iSite Tl ^ which ^ "S to was an usurpation , nd L nrrn ^ f hester Conference which belon ed to . kpe 1 Sf" ° ?? ** *? « without stopping to con&id-r ft * m- llcwt > uW- therefore , resolution :- ¦ " ! i atthi mwUniSaT f aoTe - tho Mlowin « the delegates * ho ht ! S SXS ! ftf , «? Conference considering that the MancKe vlSe ]? [ ^ ?»* ^ . P'tool ples of VmS ^ SSS ^**
sr f "Kp fflTMTB k ^ aran' *? fet ^^ siM ^ Sw ^ - * ^ KB ^ L * ^ Tho ftSfJr ,, " ! Executive had not been fairly dealt 1 * . ttveU ^ fK * tt . * " rt ? ta 5 nea tVlat the uld E « Wbeen ejected ' ' Wh J i . HUt how had m * tanked one tiro out of the H ?; ! "T- "" " »»» Manchester , and elected «»» $ at 5 l 7 l « w , J , lPOT - , . y . without eomultingthi l"ockone etoVm . n , i * / l | rht oi the l *»« wMre men to Mr & ,. « ¦ d 0 W " t 0 Set UI > a"Otliei- . and a worse set ^ - ^ i ta iSfdSSSrt localiti «^™ occasions Mr S v e ™ My replied in he normative . Executiro " 1 then eutTOtl int 0 a tir » d <> of abuso against the old
ab « Je ^ SL ft ^ e ^ thf ? orr h S ^ ^ tCnCe - " ethon S ht ip ^ sigigr : Hi l l lPP giaigi ^ tiv « . «» o fault lay In themselves , and not in theExecuon ^' m ^ hS ™™ ? cknowl 6 d 8 « d " 0 Executive but tho old never woSdS nevertake " » !» ' * in those party squabbles , and Mr : fe St w aheariDg befcM « io question was put . He asked " hat S ' Mr'Tn .. ' 1 ? " 1 ?! 115 Wh ° waS "ot a dc ! eKftt *' with tlwlv w \ rV £ > } l ° lmlt 0 como * ' * " t 0 interfere ¦ Wof Mr .
m , 7 * ecJaP-tra P , pte . ' aid'S ^^ J" 4 Whito to sit as a del-., . few days before . ; BbSS Assomtion being established tt right to sit , not ., repre 8 - eirtinfc i >> * ? . f i *^? lhut the : > lJ « ° had no > Mr . ^ WuiTK rcplSvatbHtthe B ^ . ^ - , . , was a rear In existence ; that their first ' rub wSS , ' ? A 3 Sociati ^ : accordance to the . Jews of the Charlis Bie ^ Si « J !" t ( V . nct iu ! ajt'CJ . S&SsyMi - £ s J& ^ BSrPF "~^^^ ' « S * # SRatfaaasaaat ; iv-SS ^ o ^ A -SffiSsistk feft ij * « n any Part lately , on nccountuf the flivm ,,,, » , i . ii ,,. ,. 111 . 1 .. b
^^ m ^ ^ i iSw . KX ° j : ^ r dred POl& 1 ! * ow . rd 7 buUdin " ; Charts if- $ fla r ' . Bl 1 of which factB were passed over bv Mr Jones wlmm !¦» & S ^ r tohi u f wMl 8 t * 4 's note 8 toV f . rc 3 c ? Be !' - 'j nStn S ' li ! ' n one-sided fabrication would appear . His V S A ^ v 1180 ? ' ? f E 1 Iand > and lhe otner delegatoa who set on each IX Bide of him , had watched Mr . Jones in his factt . ui nmncVuvres a . te '" JtlTB tliat euitcd his P » n »« e , emanated from he - Tnnfp ? iq M ° « { 'P ° rted ) hc d 0 »> S « « f the llan . fte . t-r sham r ¦ ¦ SfiSwrt P encl 1 was immctJi ! ltely « twork , but whentha r fallacy of the statement was bIioivii b y other delWates he took 1 not a Bingle note . He dared Jone * to deny it and itiRm-uised Ms , Coaducta 8 f Wtiou . auduttBriyropUKnantt ol ) moc ? a ^ ' " * m ? S 0 N B " - ° mers c 0 ! lfirmed Mr . White's statement . aEf « v ' & *• JONE 8 ro 8 em acreat furv . nml nccertori i , ; o : n > i « ini .: i : > - ....
S g Wtfer . fo 1 'the Press , and state . ! that as such lie would report miul ^' * u liM > at mucft ai H «*« d , and at little u j he W& ^^^ M 1 !^ ^ 2 8 thc case hc U ° Ped lle wowl d no t 8 " > cl th *® I ^ Tt thew ^ rld as lhe trutlK DM Mr . TJoncs think Sm ^ Sf *^ ' ???!? " ? W t 0 manage their own lmsilleM wiltout ; -Sj ' -f ' " ? from London to teach them ! ; ' The ' . SfflWahers , finding that Jones was not likely to be allowed to'spealt , aTOtnat they were likely to lose the confirmation of the minutes , and that the vote of repudiation would be passed , jou ! nW St daT 4 ek ' " 10 Vel 1 - ' ^ t ! le mte «^ "and ad-Hr . BiADtBy seconded the motion , ^ The motion foradjourument was put , and only seven voted for
( It lsutteri yimro-iibletoldcseribo the uproar , bullying andblackguai diam , that now ensued ou the part of this' Smashers » n ho bad oome ma troop fro m Halifax . The landlord enme , nnd ' implored thfttthej Ttould behttvo themselves , for if they did not he inil'lit bo indicted for keeping a disorderly house !!! 11 ) b The Ciuirman , speaking of the < Smashers . ' said they were n perfoct disgrace to any cause , ond if they theuRlit they wero rervine Mr . Jones by such conduct , both he and thoy were mistaken , for they would do inm more harm than it would he possible for them to repair . He ( the Chairman ) had not yetsuid anything concernini ; Mr . Jones ' s attempt to speak a ; that meeting , but he intended before he weut to do 60 . ( Here the blackguard uprear was renewed . ) . Several deleRiites called upon tbo chairman to put the resolution
*; -Mr . CocKRorT again rose , nnd moved , 'That we pvoceudto the fe&eS "' ttnU PMtp 0 M thC dedaiOn ° " tlM ) P «« nt mStioB ^^ iSS'i - ? . adjournment was again put . and lost . ^ gK ^ rtt . - giudit was . quite evident that it was the . intention of ^ r ^ WpaiUps - inthe room to prevent any van beiuK taken seeiwt m ^ < * 2 SStSSX ? &g ± S * ¦ B ^ 2 &"SK 8 a ! Karjris Wmmm ¦•¦/» «• f > »* Halifax , nua mean to put you « tac » BmBSffi-ifittto ? ° " C : llltd ° Ul if tt ' e amen < ™» ' ™
| i ^^^^ h '^ f- lllndlord . again entered the room , and told MgSgmf Mto obliged if they would take themsalves an " y-he SSl Ea ***? - " ! ^ 8 raceful I 10 i « in the house , if they had igSg ^ hiess to do they must go into the back room to do it . ^ SmSer . ' removed ' ™ m toll ( iWud b * a Jarge band of PSpnad no . sooner entered " thi « room than confusion br-came & 1 - - ^ W ^ ' Jo attou . pt anj thing like adeicripttoii o ? Se Pay ing hlackgusrdism of the Jone « tC 8 WBttU be Impossible fSft' * « S «»™ n « ances . the Chairman said he should fee it ' S ^ SJ ? J ^ ™ J meetin 8-mi al 1 » hose parties who intended ¦ ^ Ay&'SSlr " ™* "' - " ' ^ - "' UroonSnS airSSS ^ d X ^^^ That Ui : 8 meetinir cannot recognise the acts of the defecates who f te ' y . me , V" Manchester at a felf . atyled Conference , cSteriw hat the Manchester Council acted contrary to the principles ^ S Uemoorary , in cullim ? tuch a Convention hi ,, ^ .. »;„ ' E 1 . 1
no party bad a right to call a Conference but thekw u . ive theu acting for , and ou behalf of , the National Charter AmcoE . ^ J ^^ XZ ^ CMye bUt ^ « - « ve O of the Se Whir ' ' } ° ^ A C " ti 00 ' Abraham Hunion , Elland . * John Smith , Keigh vrilham . 5 tainsl ) j- . \ Union-street , Loca Robert llyder , / Uradford Willism Dennis . ) labour and Health calify . Frwai . Mitchell , J Halifax . T > John V \ rielev 1 r David Lawson i lmer w « rley .
, iames Mnehell . Sowerbj pav , d * apler , Northo wram John : awson , ) _ ... lu ° wram . William Mauue , f GlDDet l « ne , Halifax . aarfiu , 0 Q v e az head ' Charles Appliyard ) Uir « den . Nathan Ashwortli , 1 W eatly . Qeorge Shaw , t ^ a . Secretary to the NationaK r K ^ clatioB
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" John Smith had left the Dlace an h * 7 ~ Z " gust , before the signing took pace ' - but af ^ ^ ' . utter ^ tention of voting for the amendment I hUt , ad eigntned w * inattaching hiiname . An Sn& , te « 5 * 1 W «>« . wiaUdta —Keporter . 8 81 » with their own hands r-MpMm— .
Bmottstit F^Obements.
Bmottstit f ^ obements .
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FrIBTHINKXRb' MlSETIKn at W meeting of the FreethK o ( thf $ !? l' - ? , district ¦ hire wu held on SuX fh ! 1 o 7 " . RldlD 8 ofYorkttr ^ :. S ^ rt * « S ' l & ! zsJr £ > iffiPFs&r Mr . W . MUle " Mr J r n u ' «^ . Stai >» n « W ; Leeds , ^ Ss& ^ &f tsst &i l . " . " W" » oen , Mr . A . Robinson . ResninHnn . i .. i-2
, sKwaftassj B ^ ssag sssattwatasjsssarS thepurpon ofaietrtainiog their atrsngth , and if th . V / n 5 Kffiff- ^ teSS / ., . , delegates present recommend to fh « « i voeates of frtethought th « propriety of treating tk « he ad " ofthoseopinions with ^ i ? S ^ ft ° 5 J » fir » neBi ud perseverance , to ihoir them that X h £ ? fH £ nd human ty for onr guide . " Tha m »»»? J » « u 7 * ttuiix till thc fin . Sunday in July . m * ttmg then afl « m » id Joseph Firth , Chairman . 82 , Adelaide-street , M ^ hJe S fiB' S" ?^' ,, communications most be addre » Bed . rtatord ' * to * » U
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MR . O'CONNOR . tho ° cui 1 roftt- ^»™ ™ «* -d from DttiSTO * Ser g « Mt-at-AnnB , and , aocom-S Till , ui f * n other friends wito ur . fake ' s Asylum , at Chiflvriok . ^^
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Chi Wksibrs LocAtiiT . —This steadily-increaaing locality held iw usual weekly meeting on Saturday evening last four new members were enrolled , making a total of twenty-one persons , none of whom are members of any other locality . The following resolutions were carried unanimously : — "That we , the membersof this locality , cannot but express our satisfaction at the debt of the Association being finally paid , and that the legitimate Executive are resolved to carry out a wise and energetic agitation ; we hereby pledge ourselves to render them all the aid in our power . "— " That the oharacter and proceedings of the fakely called Convention of ' eight , ' at Manchester , are la direct violation of the first principles of Democraoy ; and that violation having been instigated by Mr . Ernest Jones , we feel bound to declare our entire want of confidence in that individual ' s politioal honesty , and our firm belief in his uttor incapacity to be tho leader of a great and righteous movemement . "— " That the practice of Borne
persons in London , calling themselves Chartists , going about from district to district inventing new localities to assist to elect themselves to tho Metropolitan Delegate Council , for the sole purpoie of bolstering up a mushroom dictatorship , is—to use no hswsher expression-dishonest , and it is hereby reaolred that all members of this locality pledge tbemselveB to belong to no other , and refuse to accept any persons who bond fide belong to other branches of the Association . "— " That as the late proceedings of tho aforo-named council has been characterised by bullyism , rather than calm , fair deliberation , * e heyeby request our delegates immediately to withdraw . —Messrs . Campbell and Deter have withdrawn accordingly . — The secretary having been instructed to order fifty new cards for this locality , the meeting adjonrned . — Mr . F . Mason presided , and Messrs . Johnson . Campbell , Bezer , Bridge , Dodd . Hatchard , and other friends , took part in the proceedings .
BLOOMiBDRT . —The membar * of the above locality wet on luesday evening last , and , after considerable disoussion , adopted tae following resolutions , two dissenting . These dissentients had joined the same night , for the express pur « pose of dmturhiug the proceedings : — "That wo withdraw oup delegates from the London Council , having no confifi !« p ™ f I ?« aBUre ! of tnat body . " - " That we recognise if noKM e - Comm ll teeelectcd by tbe Nati 0 "al Cbarter iSnSt aAfh " frt i 1805 that we con S"rt » 1 ate them and our brother Chartists upon the payment of the debt , aad hereby determine to aid them so long as they shall aid the truth , consistently , honourably , and without abuso . " That this locality repudiates , in the strongest terms , the smashing policy , " and oarnestly calls on all the advocates of the cause to promulgate our holy principles by calm argument , without havin ? recourse to slander or scum .
y n * n the ° P "" on ° f this locality , it is advisable that a Committee should be formed , composed of the oldest and most respeoted members of our Association , to be oalled a « Committee of Inquiry , ' whoao particular business shall be to inquire into the characters of all advocateB , whether write ™ or speakers , -who Bhall henceforth come smongdt us ; the Committee ' s decision to be final . This locality believing that the groat drawback to the success of our movement has been the receiving into our Councils political adventurers , and the permitting our ' advocates' to telect us , instead of ut selecting our advocates , the painful result being , iu too many instances , that they have betrayed us , divided us , and picked our pockets ; that a ' Committee of Inquiry' would , in a great measure , prevent all this , by expelling the unprincipled , encouraging the good , and theroi . y make our cause worthy of popular respect and support . " r
Jon . v-siRBEi LocAiiir . —The members of this locality held their usual weekly meeting ob Wednesday evening V ^ j Mllne m the ch » ir - A letter wa » read from Bradford reporting the signal defeat whioh the recent attempt at dictation and despotism had met with in that town on Sunday last , and on the motion of Messrs . Piercy and Levy , the following resolutions were unanimously adopted :- « This locality expresses its great satisfaction In learning that as that barrier to action—the debt—ia now hnally removed , the fixeoutive Committee have resolvod to do us utmost to reorganise the movement ; and we hereby pledge ouwelres to render all the aid in our power for that purpose . — " Being the advooates of a free press , we cannot but repudiate and condemn the aota of a petty faotion at Manchester , in attempting to ignore those valuable iournali
watch have bo long and faithfully enunciated our principles ; and fre trust that every true DenromtA * ill do his vrtraost u > ?» ™™ . an e »» rt " complete a failure ai it deserves to be . — That having bearu the report of our delegates to the Metropolitan Delegate Council , and being satisfied that , as at present constituted , no measure of a truly progrensive character will emanato therefrom , we hereby resolve ( 0 withdraw our delegates , as we entirely disagree with the system of bombast and deceit there praotised , in order to support » n organised faction . "— " That the best thanks of this locality are due , and are hereby presented , to the sterling deraoorats who attended tbe Weit Riding Delegate meeting at Bradford on Sunday last , and nobly defeated thosa who have evidently done their utmost to bring the principles we honour into soorn and contemnt . "
Bradford , Yorkshire . —The adjourned meeting oi the Democrats of this town wbb held on Monday erening , Juno Uth , 1852 , at Mitchol ' g Temperance Hotel , Union-street , for the purpoie of more effectually completing the organisation of the Democrat ! of Bradford , and receiving the report of the delegates to the West Riding delegate meeting held on the previous day . —Mr . M . "W . Brnwith presided . Messrs , Ryder and Stainiley reported from the dolegate meeting and described tbe infamous conduct of the partisans of the Manchester Conference . A resolution was unanimously adopted , approving the conduct of Messrs . llyder and Staingley . After a friendly discussion it was further reiolved : — " That in the opinion of this meeting Chartism has been retarded in the pait by obstructing the
efforts of men who ask for measures short of it . We deem it necessary , thit to mike Chartism respected , we should for the future oppose no man who asks for less measures , but , where practical , give them our hearty support . " Twenty new members were enrolled , and several more promised to take out cards as soon as issued by the Executive . The following members were appointed to serve on the Committee :--J p 8 eph Sttinsfield , Jonathan Hartley , Thomas Wilcock , Thomas 1 Carr , George Demsine , President ; William Stamsby , Treasurer ; Robert Ryder , Secretary ; to whom all communications for the Chartists of Bradford must for the futuro be addressed at the Co-operative Store , Bridge-street . fhe meeting adjourned to Tuesday evening , June 22 nd , at eight o ' clock .
Q 0 EBK 8 HKAD .-. A meeting of the Chartists of this neighbourboodmetatMr . Wright ' s , on Saturday night last , to take into consideration the designB of the Manchester Oonference . Mr . Jame ^ Crossland having been called to the chair . We following ftfojutions were carried unanimously : — That in the opmiotfof this meeting the calling of the Manoneiter Conference was an aot of usurpation , which we can neither sanotion nor approte , as being , in our opinion , opposed to the principles of Democracy , and in violation of the rules of the National Cbarter Association . "— " That thia meeting deploring the evil effect ! of the antagonistic policy , m fterto punued by the Chartia . puty , deems it prudwt to
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abandon that polio ? and pursne a more conciliatory cau ™ Holding as we do this opinion we oannot but depn > oatfl n ?« conclusion which has been come to by the Conf « w «^ which has lately met in Manchester ; and we , S £ K enter our unqualified protest against the policy recnm mended by that body . " Tho resolutions wore moved Sh seconded uy Messrs . Yates , Walmsley , Bates , and Snndford Newcabtle-on-Tysb . —The members of the National Charter Asuociation met in the Dsmocratic Hall NUmi Street , on Wednesday , June 9 th , at eight o ' clock ia theeveniug Mr . William Johnson in the chair . The protest which was entered by one of meuibors against the resolutions past on the 26 th May , condemnatory of tho policy and proceedings of the late Manchester Conference was brought forward , and after a very animated discussion was rejected . The following persons were elected as council , to conduct the Association , through the ensuing quarter : —C . B . Knight Corresponding Secretary ; Philip Shotto , Financial Secretary ; James Cliarlton , Treasurer ; William Johnson and John Cockbourn—C . B . Knight , Corresponding Secretary , 2 , Lambtonterrace Gateshead-on-Tvna
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 19, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1683/page/5/
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