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DESEOCBATXC MOVEMENTS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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mas sacre . They sanctified legitimacy Tintil it feU ; they consecrate ^ ury when it has trmmped Ministers of Christ , they bS ffi stiauity ; teachersof morality , they deify crime . The / have Snt forgotten nothing . For them Hildehrand xnay stiU thundS ? n be Va tican ; the Inquisition is an incomplete experiment : the Refnr na tion is a heresy and not a lesson , and the war on civilization must be recommenced . Their black conspiracy against intelli gence envelopes Europe , its staft m Rome its file , everywhere . In Itaty its banner is f tbe Pope ; ' m France , ' Society ! ' in Ireland , < Reli gious E quity r The equality which triumphant Jesuitism would dispense is that of persecution and damnation . . r ' ttluI The which sets itself above the ^ acre . They sanctified legitimacy untU it fell ; thev o ^ ZZZl
* power law , and invites revenge be yond the law . Fanaticism listens to no conscience but its own The tyrannicide , deaf to God and man , sees only crime , heeds onlV ven neance ; is Brutus when he strikes a martyr when he falls . Amid Jnetor ian cohorts and * indescribable enthusiasm' Louis Napoleon en counters this murderous logic . Marseilles and the police prepared a pasteboa rd copy of the infernal machine of the Rue Nicaise- -Toulon c ontributed a shot at a review-MouUns an apothecary , who substituted suicide for homicide . The uncle furnishes a deadly argument to those who would despatch the nephew . Napoleon left a legacy of 10 , 000 f . to Gantillon , who attempted the life of Wellington , andboldlv ju stified the murder of his rival ! & y « France is satisfied , but its enthusiasm does not reach to its electors
Universal sufirage has retired , for the time , to its Aventine Mount ' In vain prefects threaten and appeal ; nearly three-fourths of the voters shun the electoral urn . The scrutiny is frequently invalidated by the lack of votes ; the Government candidates rarely obtain a third of those inscribed ; occasionally the Opposition makes a stand ; if it carries its list , the Prefect quashes it . Abstention is the only possible pr otest against such illimitable liberty . ' ¦ ' « The world is tranquil ! Its tranquillity is that of a loaded mine , of a shell with the fusee burning . Such peace is nothing but a pause and an armistice . Its guarantee is neither the word nor the oath of Louis Napoleon , but the vi gilance and armament of Europe . " An Englishman .
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CATHEDRAL TRUSTS . — o — Mr . Whiston has addressed the following letter to the Daily papers : — " The termination of my contest with the Dean and Chapter of Rochester has imposed upon me a duty , which I trust you will permit me to discharge , by expressing through your columns my deep sense of gratitude to yourself and your numerous contemporaries , who have supported me in the cause for which I have felt it ray duty to labour , and encouraged , not to say enabled , me to persevere for more than four years in upholding principles , declared by the voice of the nation to be true , and which the law or the legislature , if not both , will eve long most assuredly carry into effect . It is , sir , I well know , to the righteousness of that cause , and the equity of those principles , and to nothing else , that I
am indebted for the support with which I have been honoured ; but still my feelings of great personal" obligation and my anxiety to express them are not , on that account , in any way diminished . For most painfully , though most reluctantly , hare I been made to feel , that without the support of thepress—informing , guiding , and reflecting the irresistible supremacy of public opinion—I might indeed have appealed for even that measure of justice which I have at last obtained , but , as who " pleads in a wilderness where are no laws " - unheeded and unheard . With regard to the judgment , though convinced of its illegality , and that I might easily evade , if not successfully resist it , I will not attempt either one or the other . My only object , from first to last , has been to
secure the rights of the cathedral scholars , and to make cathedrals themselves , so far as is now desirable , what the founders intended them to be . Accordingly , my desire is to abstain from everything which may prejudice or hinder the earliest attainment of these ends , and therefore at once and finally do I accept the Bishop ' s determination , so far as it affects my own rights and claims . But the important question , whether the Dean and Chapter have or have not " illegally taken to themselves a disproportionate share of the cathedral revenues , " still remains to be decided , and not doubting but that if I deserve and desire it , your support for the future will be given as readilly and powerfully as it has been in past , I have , Sir , the honour to remain your grateful and much obliged servant , Robert Whiston . "
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LETTER TO THE FRENCH PEOPLE . ( Continued from last Saturday ' s Star of Freedom . ) AIM OF THE REVOLUTION — CONSEQUENCES OF THE PRINCIPLES — SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE . Liberty being the right of man , whoever says man , says peoplewhoever says liberty , says sovereignty—whoever says Sovereignty of the People , says Republic—Republic , Democratic and Social--government of the people by the people . Sovereignty can no more
be delegated than it can be abdicated . Sovereignty , liberty , will , cannot be represented . Then no more representative government , no more delegated sovereignty , no more will apart from the people , no more authority but that of the people , no more state separated from the people , no more legislative , executive , or judiciary power confided to one or to several by the people ; but the people state , the direct government of the people , the people governing themselves , representing themselves—the People-Sovereign doing his own work , exercising himself his authority , all his powers , as the only and true Kins : —that is to say , voting the law , always capable of
modification , and naming agents , then can always be revoked at pleasure . When the majority , which is becoming greater and greater , shall reach the ideal and become unanimity , the law will be made for all , by the will of the greatest number , and not by the smallest . The law will be the expression of the will of the majority , and no longer of that of the minority , as at present . At last the law will be , as it ought , the work of the people . And be sure that the people will deceive themselves less than the governments . And be sure , above all , that the people will be deceived less in principles than in men , always less clear than principles . Would the people
have voted the decree of the 45 centimes and the manifesto of the 5 th of March , those two capital errors of the Provisional Government ? Yet , notwithstanding , they chose M . Gamier Pages and M . Lamartine , who committed them . Besides , if the people deceive themselves , as their deceived and deceiving governments , their faults will at least be their own , and they may always repair them . It is necessary to interest them in the government , the representative system of which disgusts and repels them . It is necessary to destroy the political trade . If sovereignty he not a mere word , if the people be sovereign , they should be so in fact as in name ; they should be so incessantly , inimitably , and absolutely . But the people always submit to the law , to the unjust law , the law made partially ,
made without right by one or several , by others than by themselves . Is that a sovereign who receives law instead of imposing it ? Is that a sovereign who obeys instead of ordering ? Such is a subject . The people should be their own legislators , or ihey are not sovereign . Therefore , no more Presidents , no more representatives . A national council elected by the people yearly , and revocable by them at any time , charged to present to the people the decrees to vote and the functionaries to elect . The Sovereign People has no representatives , delegates , or mandatories of any description in any of the three powers of their sovereignty . The people have only councillors , ministers , commissioners , servitors—special , temporary , elected- ^ re-> oeable and responsible , who prepare and submit the work to the * i the people , and cause their decisions to be executed . The
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proffi s . am 10 t S 07 eW- These are for us the law and the l'lupuus ! All the intermediate machinery sunnrF ^ Pd \\\ * ilo number Of fivllL ^^~^ ** & enls of P ™ er t 0 the mi ions afl i » ? k r 6 d th ° * ? - me ' at an ex P ense ° * five hundred p enZ JT ? , / Tf mcr f y » be *™^ d willi black , bristling with heneati hean ' 7 Uy S * ^ " S ( imc ^ which in ters liberty of nk 5 fT JT ? ? ? lyrahny t 0 issue *«>* a botile d schW * f * a , nd Ied l 0 lds of " ^ -noting simplified , o Se ' Z r WGpt Clea ? ! vay-eco » omy of sources , of time tUm of K money-dlm i »^™ ^ the budget and angmenta '
In . o nl a 1 S n ? l 0 nger ratlOllal P ° litical unity- T ^ t revoin cTted hvn In - ^ ^^ feudal mind of old F ™ ° > the ml 7 f bbe bl ^ ° S ' WhlGh WilS at first for the Evolution for tS K T ? ? * - country » which was afterwards t ? „ S , re ° nly a method of ceilt ^ Usation and despotic absorptopp . lhe department has had its day . Thank God ! every man n France ca Is himself a French citizen at this hour . No one any longer calls himself Picard or Limousin . No one admits any more a this hour the Imperial despotism . The uncle has already disgusted us , without the nephew . ' "
llobeSDierVfi llim « plf eairl \ n lii ' o + ! rv , « it n . f , i . . n Robespierre himself said in his time , " Beware of the old mania of aesinng to govern loo much . Leave to individuals , to families , to communes , the right to regulate their own affairs-in a word , render to individual liberty that of which it has . been illegitimately de-In principle , the capital should no more absorb the commune than the commune should absorb the citizen . That which is true of the indi vidual should also be true of the collective group , be that group what it may . The right of the citizen is the right of the commune , as of lhe entire nation . But , in the departmental systemthe
com-, munal sovereignty . has no existence . The communes have neither liberty , equality , nor fraternity . They have no political existence . Ihey have neither soul , body , well-being , will , nor power . The capital rules them spiritually and materially . The capital alone has all ^ -admmistration , tribunals , banks , hospitals , markets , and press ; the rest nothing Eighty-six communes absorb thirty-seven thousand others , to be absorbed in their turn by a single one-Paris . The result is what we have seen in December . All the communes of France , when a single one wills it not , can neither conquer nor preserve the right , can neither defend nor maintain libertyOut
^ of 37 , 000 , 36 , 000 have not a population of 4 , 000 souls ; 16 , 000 have not more than 900 inhabitants ; ll , 0 U 0 have not 900 ir . revenue , no returns , scarcely a road . The greater : part of them languish and stagnate far from the centre , slaves of the prefect , the great proprieior , or of the curate , in ignorance , misery , and isolation , under the triple yoke of authority , usury , and superstition . There is , then , atrophy , atony , and servitude , on one side ; plethora , excess , and tyranny , on the other . It is necessary , therefore , to fuse them
to reconstitute them all , so . that each shall have its share , as it has right , in the general movement—so that they may all have a will of their own , genuine liberty , real' independence , and a veritable existence . It is necessary , therefore , to recompose them in groups , compact enough to be powerful , to have life and strength , to be capable of thought and action . It is necessary , in fact , to organise them after a method conformable to the principle of equality , to assure to them liberty and sovereignty . '
AIM OF THE DEVOLUTION . —CONSEQUENCES OF THE PRINCIPLES . —
' UNIVERSAL REPUBLIC . Parting from the principle of liberty or sovereignty of man , we arrive first at the liberty or sovereignty of the people , passing by the liberty or sovereignty of the commune ; we now arrive at the liberty or sovereignty of all the peoples . The fight of the individual , of the commune , of the nation , is that of all the nations . Whoever says , Sovereignty of the Peoples , says , Sovereignty of All the Peoples Whoever says . Republic , says , Universal Republic . Humanity is one , as is right , as is God himself , of whom it is the daughter and the image , —that is to say , the incarnation . Unity of God , unity of
right , unity of man . Then , all men , all peoples , have the same right of sovereignty—liberty , equality , fraternity—that is to say , republic . Republics , then , are the governments of right ; monarchies the governments of fact ; but the right should dominate the tact , and not the fact the right . All the peoples should be republican , sovereigns of the same title ; because they all are , we say , one and indivisible ; because no one has the right or the means to be free amidst slaves—happy in the midst of those who are miserable , because they aid or injure each other reciprocally , because they are children of one family , countrymen of one country , fellow-citizens of one city , of the same Great Republic , one and indivisible—Humanity . The
Universal Republic is , then , the corrollary ot the Revolution . That is the last . and the greatest idea which has sprung from the people . It is a new truth which was produced on the 15 th of May , which it was necessary to confess on the 13 th of June , because it had been misunderstood on the 5 th of March j it is the democratic and social dogma of human unity . That which distinguished ' 48 from ' 93 , the young Republic from the old , was , that it upheld that great dogma , at home by the association of citizens , abroad by the solidarite ol the peoples . ' 93 , bursting the old Cathohco-feudal form . , proclaimed the unity of man with himself , and with his equals of the land ; ' 48 went a step farther , —and therein will be its glory ; it proclaimed the unity of man with entire humanity .
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THE SHILLING SUBSCRIPTION IN AID OF EUROPEAN FREEDOM . Some few months ago a Shilling Subscription , for European Freedom , was proposed and initiated in a printed appeal to the English public , issued with the signatures of the following gentlemen : — Eey . Charles Clarke , 152 , Buccleuch Street ' , Glasgow ; Thomas Cooper , 5 , Park Row , Knightsbridge , London ;
Thomas Cowen , Jun ., Blaydon-Burn , Newcastle-on-Tyne George Dawson , M . A ., Birmingham ; Dr . Frederick Eichard Lees , Leeds ; William James Lintpn , Brantwood , Coniston , Lancashire ; Henry Lonsdale , M . D ., 4 , ' Devonshire Street , Carlisle ; ' Rev . David Magmnis , Belfast , George Searle Phillips , West Parade , Huddersfield ; James Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row , London .
The Subscription was limited to One Shilling , in order to obtain the greatest possible number of Subscribers , and to make of the Subscription List a Register , instructive and encouraging , it was hoped of Englishmen and English-women prepared to record their practical sympathy with the cause of Freedom on the Continent of Europe . Numerous individual responses , direct and indirect , were made to this appeal . And in addition to the efforts of these gentlemen with whom the proposed action originated , a considerable number of earnest friends of popular and national right through the country haje feeen
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engaged in soliciting Subscriptions for a fund in aid of European Freewh srMtiL placed at the discretionary disposa ! ° s - rtJw IT - ° f > by * certain number of these gentlemen , that Mud Sf r i 7 T ? in aid of theh > indi ' idual action to be an ^^ "S *? 7 aChi 6 Ved ^ their efforts ' more than <™» & tectedTr ^ ff he ^ . ? hono ™ ble success which may be el-It 1 as been 11 ? f T , ed ' systematic > and ^ -directed effort . ^ rf ^ S ^ ^ W tlmt " apathy of the working s ns can b ! C ^ f ^ ™* *> P «* liberty is " real and that if per ? sons can be found to solicit the small proof of it , which this Euroneari Subscription contemplates , it will be readilivj ^
y g liie wort to hp . nnna ic nc-c «^ 4 .: « n .. ^ T . > -. ° , m . . Jtitofat a £% T ! ssentially this ' - **• To obtain an increased find 111 a } lbsc 7 P . * tf European Freedom : 2 nd . To find among the friends of poplar progress in all classes in this country a sufficient number of > , soiis able and willing to con munI cate the knowledge o it , and % ppportunity of contS ^ TS frop cn * Je to . c ^ e from society to society , and if need be ? frL house to house ; and lastly to systematise aid and direct the labours of al who will labour m the good cause w , uuui& oi au
f £ ^^^ M ™ taed ' —ng of the J ' i ? Vi iw ' ' * M - K MaT * den . L . D . Collet , DaVid Masson T qff' i . -at -d William Ti ( * Matson . 1 . b . Duncombe , M . P . Edward Miall , M P . r ^ - PPS- R . Moore . Ihomas Gilks . ^ Professor Newman . Viscount Godench , M . P , ( j . F . Nicholls
. M . Hawkes . ' H . Pointer . Austin Holyoake W . Shaen G J . Holyoake . j ames Stansfield . Thornton Hunt . J . Watson . ' Douglas Jerrold . ' . Wilson . Robert Le Blond . With power to add to their number . Robert Le Blond , Treasurer . Wm . Tibd Matson , Hon . See
The period of hj ninths has b | en fixed for the termination of the labours both gf fche Collectors and of the Committee ; " and having in view the shortness pfthe time , and 'the extent of ' the work to'be achieved if , is garn . e $ y hop ^ that all persons disposed in any manner to contribute to the pbjacts of the Committee will place themselves " in immediate correspondence with the gentleman appointed to act as its ( Secretary . > . ¦ ....... ,,.. Independently of the necessity of organising the efforts which are already bemg made , abundant motives exist tor an increased and multiplied activity , it we reflect on the condition of the nations of Europe oppressed to the utmost limits of human endurance , anlesneciariv ^ t
tne present time , on the wholesale petsecutions of the Emperor of Austria and the Pope , in Lombardy and Venice , and in the Roman states . A gainst the misdoings of despotic power , it is needful that there should be a protest in the name of outraged humanity , on the ? w S 1 / f aild breathe for ^ iberfcy in England . It is time that there should issue from our land a word of comfort , of encourage - ment , and of approval for those who suffer a living ' martyrdom for their country ; that there shouldbe a popular recognition of the sacfedand
ness unity of the causes of all oppressed nations-Italy and Hungary standing together prominentl y amongst them , by virtue of their recent struggles , of the intimately connected position of their indissoluble future , pregnant with the downfall of the twin heads of that civil and ecclesiastical tyranny which would enslave the world A popul recognition of these things is a duty incumbent ' on the people of this country . If nobly accomplished , it will bring its own reward , m an increased consciousness of the power of popular sympathies and popular will ; and will assuredly bear fruit in the progress of Popular Reform at home . ' ~ .
Six months hence must witness , for better or for worse , the completion of the task which the Committee has undertaken to ' fulfil . Immediate and active co-operation is necessary to success . Let all who desire to help , help quickly , A definite and moderate amount of personal assistance , immediately given , will be the best service that can mdividuall y be rendered to the cause . William Tidi ) Matson , in n ± w t , r . P ° * Sec . 10 , Great Winchester Street , Old Broad Street , ' Qity . '"
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POLITICAL REFUGEE COMMITTEE . The Committee met on Tuesday evening at the John-street Institution , Mr . Milne , in . the chair . Several ' encouraging letters were read , and the monies set forth below handed in . Four refugees—three Germans and one Hungariaiir-received assistance . To one was given the money to take him to Manchester where he expects to obtain employment ; to another was given the means to enable him to commence work as a slipper-malcer ; and to a third was supplied money to furnish him with colours , &c , by which he hoped to obtain employment . 1- ¦¦ . V j ^ J y- The Second Quarterly Meeting of the Committee will be held on luesday next , November 9 , when a balance sheet of the receipts and disbursements during the quarter will be laid before the meeting . It is hoped that every member of the committee will attend
t Monies received by the Committee from October 28 , to November 2 , inclusive : —r ¦ .,.. . *» s . d , s j From the men employed j . Wood - - - - - i o at the Working Tailors B . Dyson - - - - l q Association , Westmin- j . Eastwood - - - - o 6 ster Bridge Road - - 10 6 J . Shaw- - - - - in H , nley : - l
'? ' S °° W' " " " ° A feW friendsGreen " J . Stanfield 10 wich , per D . Gibson - 8 0 D . Green - - - - 1 0 Cheltenham Republicans 2 6 T . Boothroyd --, 10 F . Clark , Wootton - - 1 0 J . Robinson- , - , 1 0 A German Communist , TwoFnends , - - i 0 Glasgow - - - I 2 6 C . Woodhouse - , - jo J . H . B . Portsmouth - 2 6 E . Green- ? - - - 1 0 J . M , Meltham ' --10 R . Senior - - - - i 0 J . De Cogan ( weekly ) - 0 G
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Bradford . -Municipal Election , Little Horton Ward .-« mdi £ rr A- i atl T- " ^^ Mr . George White as their S ^ ul % ^ 1 S wa ^ d' ^ is the lar § est in ^ borouS ^ They msS ! 5 ra * iy ^^ bein S ^ ^ * consideration on Saturday l ^ st , thus affording no time for either canvassing or placards . ihe ^ candldate had his staff of paid canvases and electioneering machinery complete . Amongst the foremost of-the Whig agents was Lightpwleis who sat on the Convention of 1848 as the ^ Bradford representative . As the poll progressed , White took the lead , and at twelve o ' clock was 18 ahead of his opponent , through the spontaneous and unpaid services of the burgesses . Scores of voters were afterwards rejected by the Whig presiding alderman under most frivolous pretences ; and someof the oldest ratepayers in the ward had the mortification of walking back , unpoiled , because their names were
Deseocbatxc Movements.
DESEOCBATXC MOVEMENTS .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 6, 1852, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1703/page/11/
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