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THE TRIAL.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS . Case from Luion , Bedfordshire , communicated by Mr . Phillips , Chemist and Druggist , to Mr . T . Prout , 229 , Slrana \ London . Luton , Bedfordshire , Oct . 19 , 1841 . SIR , —1 feel desirou 3 of expressing to you the great benefit which I have received from the use of Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pfl ' . s . I have for several years been afflicted with Rheumatism and Gout , the attacks of ¦ which were excessively severe . Daring one of these painful visitations a kind friend presented me with a box of Blair ' s Pills , from the use of which I found immediate relief and very soon entirely recovered . At a subsequent period I was so severely attacked that he thought it would be unwise
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[ In ourjfirst edition of last week , we gave only the opening part of the Allorney-OencraTs speech . On account of the great importance of the trial , ve resume our report at the point at which we left off in successive Editions . }
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GOVERNMENT PROSECUTION OF FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ . AND OTHERS , FOR AN ALLEGED CONSPIRACY . LANCASTER .-NISI PRIUS COURT . Wbdnesdat , Mabch 1 . ( Continued from our last week ' s paper , j The Attobhby-Genkbal in continuation : — With respect to several of the other defendants , the jury would find language used , the meaning and objects of which it would be for them to judge and determine what character ought fairly to belong to it . They would find that several of the speakers alluded distinctly to the use of direct physical force One man stated in particular that he had been at Birmingham , Bilston , and the Potteries , and he
. found a spirit of enthusiasm prevailing amoiig the ! people . He said he should support the resolution under discussion without making a long speech ¦ because he believed the people in Staffordshire and Yorkshire , and many other parts , were determined , to fight . He was hinuelf prepared for the worst . i The Shaksperiaus , of Leicester , would not be be-, hind in the cause . If they wanted to proceed , they ! must place themselves in a proper attitude , and ' show that they were prepared to fight . " He must ! appeal to the common sense of the Jury to say ' what language of this sort meant , used in the pre-! sence of other persons , and no objection urged to it ' by those to whom it was addressed . He would ap-| peal to them to say whether those who put forth i ¦ , i ; \
such an address , as he had quoted from , with , as they pretended , the force _ of peace , law , and order , " could mean anything but the reverse . If they thought that it had the force of peace , law , and order , then whoever was the author , they must cold Mm justifiable . But it was his ( tbe Attorney * General ' s ) duty—and be could assure them a moBt painful dnty it was , to bring under their cognizance all these circumstances , and to ask them what conclusion they could put , as men of sense and experience , upon the language that was thus used . He asked whether the persons who met and put forth this address , could possibly be viewed in any other lij ; ht than as abettors of those more unfortunate , because less enlightened ,
persons , who were going from town to town , encouraged by this address , and provoked by it into excesses which , under other circamstanes , they would have besn disposed to avoid ? He could assure the Jury , that at the innocence of any one of the individuals who was before them he should as much rejoice as any person who could take the deepest interest in their fate . But the duty he had to discharge to the Jury , to the public , and to the country at large , rendered it impossible , however painful that duty mi ght be , to shrink from its performance by showing anything like reserve . Hb had now bnt one statement to make beyond those to which he had already called their attention . It was one which he made with very mingled feelinzs
indeed , with respect to the intelligence and forbearance of those who took part in the late movement , but one which at ; he Bame time furnished a strong illustration of the extreme peril in which the country must be placed , if such things could happen as those he was then authorized to state . The labour of the country , not only asregarded manufactures , was stopped , bnt there was a general turn out of all hands and all trades , even to those engaged in supplying the most ordinary necessaries of life . He believed the baker and the butcher were permitted to go on , but the shoemaker and tailor were stopped in their labour until the object of the turn-out should hare been accomplished . It was manifest that if such a system could be enforced to the very letter .
great public mischief must ensue . The Learned Gentleman went on to refer to the formation of a » Committee of Public Safety , " but who subsequently styled themselves a "Committee of Operatives . " This body dispensed icenses to persons , to enable them to carry on busine e to a limited extent , and great vigilance was exercised in order to present their going beyond that license . In one iastance , a tailor received orders to make some mourning , but he dare not execute them until he went to this committee , and obtained their sanction . He mentioned this fact as a proof of the extraordinary extent and the intelligence with whioh this matter was carried on , and of the numbers that were engaged in this species of strong violation of the law , at the same time that
it appeared to have for its object , to a certain extent , the interests of society . There could be no donbt that if an attempt of this sort was to be made , it perhaps could not be made with more respect for property and for life , than generally did obtain , even where violence was used . He should beat willing testimony to the forbearance that was personally apparent , even in the most lawless acts that were committed . The boldest defiance of the law nad been accompanied by a respect for life and property , and he felt rejoiced that he lived in a country , where , if excesses of this description did oeenr , they were tempered by s forbearance which shone conspicuously amidst the violation of the law that had taken place . In the remarks which he had though * it necessary to make , he had abstained
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from using one solitary expression of harshness . He desired to give no character to these offences beyond that whioh the law itself put upon them . He invited the Jury , aa dispassionately as it was possible , to consider the evidence , and that while they acted calmly and coolly , to be firm in the vindication of the law . To them would ultimately be committed the question of the guilt or the innocence of the defendants . It might be possible that as respected some of them , there would be that weakness of evidence , or that absence of violent spirit , as to indace them favourably to consider such of the cases . In . that
favourable consideration he should cordially go along with them , or to recommend , if they found them guilty , to the favourable consideration of the court alone . With these observations , inviting the jury as much as possible to abstain from any topic i that might disturb them in the calmest exercise of their consciences , and in the most faithful discharge of their duty , as well for the defendants , as for the publio , on whose behalf it was performed , and for whose protection this inquiry was instituted , he would leave the casein their hands , again entreating them to be guided by evidence alone , and , as it made for or against the defendants , to return their verdict accordingly .
At the close of the Learned Gentleman ' s address , Gco . Johnson , one of the defendants for whom Mr . Serjeant Murphy had been retained , announced bin intention of conducting his own de ' eace . The following witnesses were then called : — Jospph Haigh . —I live at Ashton-under-Lyne . I was living there in July last . I am a milkman . I remember meetings taking place at Ashton last year . I remember one on the 26 th of July . It was hold on an open space of ground called Thacker ' s Foundry . I was at a meeting ia the evening from eight to nine o ' clock . I should think from 3000 to 4000 persons would be present . There was a chairman . His name was William Woodruffs , one of the defendants . I knew he" * was the chairman , by
introducing speakers to the meeting . He was elevated on a cart or waggon , or something of that sort . He is a shoemaker . The first speaker he introduced was William Aitken , another of the defendants . I had known him before . I remember his saying , after speaking on the Charter and different things , " he should advise the cotton lords , particularly the Messrs . Rayners , to keep within the precincts of their own palaces , as dark nights were coming on , and the reckoning day was at hand . " Before that day I bad seen a placard on the walls of Ashton j with something of that sort on it . I think the words on it were— " Behold the reckoning day is at hand . " Woodruffs did not say anything more with respect to the reckoning day . I was at a meeting on Friday , the 12 ch of August , in Chariestown Chapel or meeting room , adjoining Ashton .
This was at nine o ' clock in the morning . The meeting was called by the bellman . John Alexander Stuart was in the chair . He is not a dependent Woodruffe asked him privately if he would take the chair . From sixty to eighty persons would be present . I heard Woodruffe say that he had a resolution to propose to this effect , that in order to facilitate the advance of wages all labour do oease . Stuart , on taking the chair , said be hoped that nothing would be brought forward at the meeting , that would bring himself or them within the pale of the law ; but as he had taken the chair , he would put such resolutions as the meeting thought proper . Woodruffe advocated the principle of the resolution .
He was in an elevated situation . It was a kind of a pulpit . I can ' t recollect what he said in particular . ; 1 remember bis saying that he was one of the persons instrumental in calling the meeting . I left the meeting at half-past nine . I was at another meeting on ! Sunday , the 14 th of August . It was held a little after nine in the morning , on Thacker ' s ground . A person of the name of Joseph Hilton was in the chair . He is not a defendant . The meeting begun before I got there . There was some singing . One or two verses of a hymn were sung . Alexander Challenger , one of the defendants , was there , and another , George Johnson . The latter gave out the hymn . I remember one verse . It ran thus : —
A charge to keep I have , A God to glorify , A never-dying soul to save , And fit it for the sky . " Johnson afterwards gave them a religious exhortation , and when he had done , others gave exhortations . The chairman then said that he had received a communication from some one , whom he did not know , which he would read . It was to t ^ ia effect , that the committee had come to the determination : that labour ehonld not be ret umed until the Charter had become the law of the laud . At the time this
was Baid , much confusion took place , as the peoplo seemed dissatisfied . Johnson and Challenger were present , when the chairman read this out . There is a street called Stamford-street , in Ashton . I was there about nine in the morning of the 30 th of Aug . In going up the street , on the way to the Town-hail , being at that time a special constable , I saw a procession going up . It consisted of men , women , and boys . There were four or five men abreast in front , and then a lot of women , and lastly , a number of boys . Woodruffe waa one of the four men in front . The whole number would amount to sixty or seventy . 1 had heard something said as they passed . They cried M fall in , fall in . " They went to Stalybridge . I followed them as far as the Globe Inn , perhaps 200 yards from Stamford-street Ashton , Dukinfield , Hyde , Stalybridge , and Mottram , are in the neighbourhood , and Glossop a little more to the East .
Cross-examined by Mr . Dundas—The reason I went to the meeting on the 26 th of July , was from having seen a placard on the wall . I did not take notes of what passed . I nave a tolerable memory . I went to the meeting before I had been sworn in a special constable . I was not sent by any person , but went of my own accord . There are three or four magistrates living in Ashton . They were at the Town Hall , at ten o ' clock in the morning of the 12 th of August . The bellman had gone round before I had received the summous to be sworn in . I believe Alexander Challenger is a factory operative , and George Johnson is a hatter . The exhortations
given were religions ones . There were several thousands present . After the Chairman had read the anonymous note , there were divisions and murmurs , and agitations , in consequence of the meeting being pat into & sort of moveable position . —( A . laugh . ) Whilst the consternation was going on , I came away . Re-examined by George Johnson—I wish to ask the witness whether the meeting on the Sunday did not begin by prayer ! The Judge—He has said so in substance , but he did not get there till after the meeting commenced . Defendant—Did you not swear on your examination that there was no prayer 1
Witness—I do not remember , for I was not there at the beginning . Judge—He Baid there jwere religious exhortations . Defendant—I have no further questions to ask him . Henry Brierley , examined by Sir G . Lewin—I live at Stalybridge , and work at a factory . On the 22 ch of July last , I was present at a meeting held on a plot of ground , called the Haigh , whioh is in Stalybridge . I am not aware how it was called . I went to the meeting near eight o ' clock in the evening . I think there were some hundreds of persons there . The Chairman was James Fenton , of Ash- ; tou , oaejof the defendants . I was there at the time
he was called to the chair . He was unanimously chosen . After being elected , there was a resolution moved , I rather think it was proposed by Challenger , but I Bhould not know the person again . The effect of the resolution was , that the reduction of wages was injurious not only to the workmen but also to the masters and shopkeepers . The motion was carried unanimously . I remember seeing Richard Pilling , and Brophy , and William Stephenson , three of the defendants , there ; Storah was there , too , but I should not know him again . Pilling moved another resolution , whioh was something similar to the former . They said they wanted a fair day ' s wage for a fair day s work , but th » y were of opinion that it could not be obtained unless the Charter became the law of the land . The resolution was carried unanimously . A third was then moved by Brophy . I knew
him by name and sight at the same time . The nature of the third resolution was to draw up a memorial to Sir R . Peel , for ten thousand stand of arms . ( Laughter . ) It was for the purpose Of protecting the lives and property of the working classes against those who refused to pa , y the property tax . No particular personB were mentioned as having refused to pay the tax . This resolution was also passed unanimously . The meeting then broke op peaceably . They adjourned the meeting to Hyde , but I am not aware whether the proposition was put from the chair , A meeting did take place at Hyde , but 1 did not attend . I was present at another meeting , at Duokisfield , on the 2 nd or 3 rd , of August , at eight o'clock in the morning . When I got there , I found Storah moving a resolution .
Mr . Dundas contended that there was no evidence to show that Storah was at this meeting . The Attorney-General maintained that the evidence was sufficient , because the indictment charged the defendants with having conspired with divers other persons , to the jurors unknown , and the general character of the meetings , held from time to time , must be taken into account . The Judge concurred in opinion with the Learned Gentleman , but thought the evidence with regard to Storah was weak .
Examination resumed—The resolution moved by Storah was to the effect , that a fair daj ' s wage could not be obtained until the Charter became the law of the land . At this meeting , I heard Pilling giving a lecture on the state of the country . He said things were in a bad state , that it was difficult to get a living , but he recommended the meeting to observe peace , law , and order . It was about halfpaBt nine before the meeting concluded . Another meeting was held at Droylsden on the following day . On Friday , the 12 th of August , I saw a procession coming from the direction of Air , Bailey's jaill ,
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There were several hundreds . They went to a plot of land near Cheetham ' s mill , but no meeting was held . They then , went to the Haigh , where James Fenton was chosen > as chairman . 1 saw besides Thomas Mahon , John Durham , and William Stephenson , three other defendants . They were the principal speakers . They said nothing particular , but exhorted the people to stick out until they got a fair day ' s wage . The procession was part of Barley's workmen . They met again in the evening , at the Haigh , between seven and eight . I saw the same four defendants and Brophy there . They delivered lectures , exhorting the people to try to obtain the Charter by lawful means . There was another meeting on the following
morning , at five o clock , and they went in procession through Duckenfield to Hyde , and returned by Newton . They then dispersed to go for their wages . The Fame evening they met again at the Haigh . Tne same persona were there . A man from Liverpool gave a lecture . He said he was sorry , to find the country in such a state as it was , and advised them to go to work again . He thought it was not possible to get the Charter then . The lecture , on the whole , was well received . It was a very good lecture . Brophy gave a lecture , and recommended people to turn teetotallers , and keap sober . On Sunday morning , the 7 th of August , there was another meeting on Mottram Moor . Some thousands were present . The bellman of Hyde was in the chair
William Stephenson addressed the meeting on the principles of the Charter . No resolutions were moved in my hearing . In the evening of the same day there was a meeting in a preaohing room , at Stalybridge . From forty to fifty persons were present . Stephenson and Mahon were there . A man came in , and said that he understood that Mr . William Bailey wished to see some of the members of the committee . Some of them thought ; it advisable to go , and others not . Mahon said he thought it was of no use going to the masters . He said they had turned out for the Charter , and would stick to it . Mahon is not one of Bailey ' s men . The meeting determined they would not go , and they broke up . On the following morning , another meeting took
place * at the Haigh , at five o'clock . Brophy addressed the meeting , and said they must get out those who had gone to their work . He said they must get them out by legal means , if possible , or stop them as they were going . Durham said they would have a procession through Duckinfield and Ashton , to let the masters see that they were out . Mahon and Stephenson said thas they were going in procession through Ashton after breakfast . The people divided into lots , and they fetched the bands out of all the mills . I then returned to the meeting at the Haigh , and Durham said they must get Bailey's men out first , and go in procession through Ashton . He ordered them to so peaceably . Durham , Stephenson , Mahon ,
Brophy , and several other persons , whom I did not know , were in the procession I saw Crossley talking to Brophy , going down Duskinfield-hill . The procession went down Caroline-street , over Duckinfield-brow , to Mr . Hindley ' s mill . They were linked arm-in-arm , and walked four or five abreast . They had no sticks , only two or three flags and music . Before they got to Hindley ' B mill the men had turned out . There was no mob near the mill at the time . A few boys had preceded the procession . I went to Hyde , about half-past four . None of the men who came from Stalybridge were there . I found the hands of one factory fetching out the hands of another . I saw Durham , Stephenson , and John Leach , of Hyde ,
at a meeting in the evening of the same day . Leaoh was addressing the meeting when I got there . He said he thought it was the most proper to turn out for their wages , and not for the Charter . He thought it would be impossible to get the Charter then . Mahon said that the Ashton and the Stalybridge people must have a meeting on Thacker ' s Ground , and go in procession ro Manchester , but that they were not to take any sticks with them . I was at the Haigh , next morning , at five o ' clock . Fonton was chiefly the chairman . Durham , Stephenson , and Mahon , were there . A lecture was given by Fenton . He recommended the people to keep in peace and order , in going to Manchester . On the following morning , another
meeting took place , at the Haigh , at five o ' clock . Fenton , Durham , Stephenson , and Glossop were there . They said they would go to Glossop and see how the people there were coming on . I did not go with them , and I don't know whether they went or not . The next morning another meeting took place on the Haigh , at the same time . They were falling out between the wage question and ( he Charter . Fenton thought one thing at a time was enough , and Durham also advocated the wage question . Stephenson and Mahon advocated the Charter . I did not bco Crossley there . I understand that the object of tho people in meeting every morning at the Haigh , waa to keep the people combined together . On the 12 th of August all the
workpeople were out . On the 13 th , I saw a procession at Stalybridge There was a publio meeting held in the evening . Fenton , Stephenson , Durham , and Mahon were there . I think Aitkin . Woolfenden , John Leaoh of Hyde , and Johnson , were there also . Wild opened the meeting in favour of the wage question . It was suggested that a list of delegates should ascertain what were the highest and lowest rate of wages which the masters would give , in order that they might strike a medium , and go to work . In the meantime the operatives could not return to work , as the masters had shut up their mills for a mouth . They agreed to do so after the men had turned out . At the meeting on the evening of the 13 th there were several thousands there .
Nothing was said about what the operatives were to do until the Charter had been obtained ; but that they were to keep peace , law , and order . The Charter was forced upon the meeting by the Glossop people , who came armed ' with sticks and bludgeons . Ou the Sunday afternoon another meeting took place , at which Woolfenden , delivered a lecture , but I went away just as he was taking a text . Woolfendeo said something about the Charter , but not in connection with the wage question . In the evening another meeting took place , at which a lecturer from Manchester attended . He said he was sorry that the people were out of work ; and that it hurt his feelings to think that they had come out
on the Charter . Oa the morning of the 16 th they again met . Fenton , Stephenson , Durham , and Manon were there . A \ kiu was also present . A discussion took place between the wage question and the Charter . Mahon and Stephenson thought they might as well go for both , but they would give in to the majority of the meeting . They recommended the people to keep peace , law , and order and not to injure any one . I know the Chartist meeting room , at Ashton . A meeting took place there on the evening of the same day . Mahon was there . He read something from a newspaper , after which it was suggested that he should go to Manchester as a delegate to the Conference there , * but that another meeting should be held to elect him .
Cross-examined by Sergeant Murpby—I have been a carder in a cotton factory . I was not engaged as a turn-out on this occasion , but I have haa experience connected with a turn-out twelve years ago . No mention was made then of the Charter . A committee of working men was formed to direct the movements of the turn-outs . One of the objects of that committee was to confer with the masters on the question of wages . At that time there were fifty-two masters who determined to stop their mills , iu consequence of the turn-out . They would not let them work . I believe delegates were chosen on that occasion , to go from one factory to another , to notice the course of proceedings of the different turn-outs .
Trie Attorney-General did not see how his Learned Friend could make what had ocourred twelve years ago , matter of argument in this case . Surely his Learned Friend did not justify what bad recently happened by a precedent of twelve years ago , The Judge had thought that as the cross-examination was going on , the object of it was to show that the fact of delegates having been appointed twelve years ago , to ascertain the proceedings of the different turn-outs was not in itself per se criminal . Mr . Serjeant Murphy—Precisely , my Lord , at the meetings 1 have referred to . Cross-examination resumed—On all occasions in whioh the Charter was mentioned , peace , law and order was inculcated .
Re-examined by Mr . Atherton—The wages of the working classes at Ashton and Stalybridge , were extremely low , during these latter turn-outs , and consequently much dissatisfaction prevailed amongst the working classes and shopkeepers . A great amount of distress prevailed , and some persons could scarcely obtain anything to eat . Wages hare been decliuing ever since 1826 , and the distress hag increased in proportion . Shopkeepers have had meetings , and have said that tney would support the operatives in getting a better remuneration . None of them have interfered to prevent the operative * holding their meetings .
Re-examined by Mr . O'Connor—Wakes are an annual feast , and strangers flock from all parts of the country to where they are held . The firBt great gathering was held on the 15 th of August- I believe thai on that ; day Bailey ' s men had received notice of a reduction in their wages , amounting to 25 per cent ., and that they must turn out unless they would submit to that reduction . They would not agree to the reduction . The men complained that the Baileys had said they should play for a month , and therefore they said it was of no use to try to go to work . I remember meetings held after
the 25 th of August . The ownera of the chapels opened their doors for them . They commisserated with the working classes , because they were out of work . The owners of the chapels were not Chartists . One of them belonged to the Methodist New Connexion . At the meetings of shopkeepers the general rumour was tbiit they complained of the masters having turned out the men . During all the meetings I attended , I never saw a single breach of the peace . It is true that Bailey ' s men went in a body to the mill , and asked to be taken into work again , I saw them go . The fast is as weUfcaowo to me as any gther to whioh I
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have sworn . ) Some of the masters would , not open their doors till the month was out , and in themean time the meh were ready to go to work . Mahon was appointed a delegate on the 15 th of August , and by the 25 th the whole question respecting the Charter and ] wages was settled , and the men went into work again . ' By the Attorney-General—I repeat that I saw no breach of the peace committed . There are twenty-five or thirty mills in Ashton . By the Judge—The people came out of the mills , generally , of their owa accord . I do not know any instance in jwhieh they did not do so . ' . At this stage of the proceedings , the Court adjourned for a few minutes .
W . _ I . I « / ITT < — •— -J Mr . Win . ( Clayton , constable of Hyde , examined by Mr . Hilyard—I was at a meeting held at Hyde on the first jof August . George Caadelet acted as chairman . { The assemblage was addressed by sever *) persons . Candelet , John Leach , Robert Wild , and William Moorhouse . A resolution was put to the meeting by Candelet . 16 was to the effeot that if there was another reduction of wages offered by their masters , would they , one and all , turn out There was a cry of " Yes , yea . " The Chairman proposed a show of hand 3 to that effect , and Candelet afterwards addressed the meeting . He » aid he hoped the men at Hyde would prove true
one to another , and then we will soon have our rights—that will be the Charter and nothing but the Charter . The other speakers then followed in turn , and after announcing that another meeting would take place -on the following Sunday morning at Wedne 8 off Grven , at nine o ' clock in the morning , the people dispersed . I remember Slonday the 8 ' , h of August , jl saw a procession enter the town of Hyde on that day . I should imagine there would be seven or eight hundred . A few of them had sticks . There was a , suspension of labour at Hyde for some time . I rornember there was a meeting held in the Market-place , Hyde , on the llth of August , and on the 17 tbibut I can't state ariy particulars .
None of ( the other Learned Counsel or any of the defendants asked the witness further
questions . ; Joseph Little cross-examined by Mr . Pollock—I am the Special High Constable for the division of Hyde , in the county of Chester . I remember attending on the 7 th of August , at Wednesoff Green , in the township of Hollingworth . I have a number of notes which I can produce . I made them as soon as I could jWhen the meetings were over . At a meeting oh the 7 th , about 400 persons were present . George Candelet * one of . the defendants , was there . William Mporhouse , not a defendant , acted as chairman . Speeches were madd . Moorhotise said : — " My friends and fellow workmen—I am appointed
chairman to' thia meeting , and must inform you that we are not } met here for a wage question , or for a religious question , —it is for a national question ; but I will not intrude on your time , as you will be addressed by my brother Chartists from Sialybridge , Ashton , Hyde , and ether places , who are more able to address you than I , and thty will explain to you that we are met here as Chartists for a national question . I will sit down . " He then called up another man , whom I did not know , and I left the meeting . These were all the notes I took . In the afternoon I was at another meeting
the same day . About 700 or 800 persons were there . Moorhouse was in the chair . Robert Wild , John Leach ^ and George Candelet were there also . Moorhouse spoke . At the close of the afternoon he said , — "YoBtJiave betn told of the evils under which we labour , and I am requested also to tell you that to-morrow a meeting will take place at Stalybridge , at five o ' clock in the morning , when we will proceed from factory to factory , and . all hands that will not willingly come out , we will turn them oat ; and friends , when we are out we will remain out , until the Charter , which is the only guarantee you have for your wages , becomes the law of the land . I hope to meet you all to-morrow morning , at Stalybridge , when we will join hand in hand in
this great national turnout . " Candelet also spoke , but I dont think I have notes of it . John Leach Bpoke . I entered what he said the same evening . It is my duty jto make a daily report to tho magistrates . Leach began by pointing tome . He said , " There is one of the Government men , one who is like the black coated gentry who attends that place , ( pointing to the church , in Wednesoff Green , ) built for a good purpose , but now filled with thieves and rogues—the cotton fraternity ; but we would all be parsons and ' blue bottles' ( police ) , if we were paid the same as those , by the Government— £ 80 . a-year , a nice sum for a man working one day out of the seven , and j for looking after us poor , honest , industrious labourers ; but let me tell you that the church is an open hell , and filled by the cotton lords
who are a set of thieves and rogues , and good honest people they will not allow to enter ; but , friends , let us be true one to another , and there ia property in this plentiful country , sufficient for us all , and if you have not the common necessaries of life , take , them , and who can withstand against you % ' None . The prisons are full , and in the prieons they do not want you . i The police is in no fault . I wish you all to be quiet , you must not damage property or person ; and above jail , keep out of publio houses , and tomorrow there will be a general turn out , throughout both the counties , Chester and Lancaster , and the Charter will then be obtained . " He then wiBhed them to be true one to another , and they would soon have the Charter . I have no more notes of that meeting . Leach said a great deal more , but I did not take it down .
By Mr . O'Connor—Did you take down what was said by Candelet ? WitueBs-f 1 did not , Sir . Examination resumed . —I was at a meeting on Monday , the 8 : h of August , in the Market-place , at Hyde . 'John Leusb , George Candelet , William Moorhouse ; and a man named Stephenson ' , whom I don ' t know , were there . No Chairman was appointed . Ij have no notes of this meeting . The speeches were in the same strain of language , recommending the people to keep out , as they were out , till the Charter became the law of the land . The people dispersed peaceably and quiet , and went away to their homes . I attended a meeting on the following morning , the 9 th , ia the Market-place , Hyde , at nine o'clock in the morning . Moorhouse
was chairman , and John Leaoh and George Candelet were present . They also spoke . I have notes of Leach's speech . He informed the meeting that " they intended to go and join the Ashton people ; from Ashton they would go to the Exchange , at Manchester , where they would meet the cotton lords , and | he doubted not that they would have the advance ; and never to go to wock until they had either the advance or the Charter . '' I dont remember anything further that was said * . I remember the day oo which Messrs . Horsfield ' a mill was stopped . It was on Tuesday , the 9 th . 1 saw a number of people going towards the mill . There was a large body coming from the direction of Ashton and ! Stalybridge , towards Hyde . They were
not walking in any sort of form . On Wednesday , August 10 th , there was a meeting at Hyde , at which Moorhouse , George Candelet , and John Leach were present . 1 j have merely an outline of the notes . The speakers desireil the people to be quiet . Moorhouse said they were to proceed to CompstaH-bridge , Glossop , an | d all the mills , and make the hands turnout . Leaoh spoke , but I have not his speech down . The substance of his speech was recommending the people to keep out , ' but exhorting them to be peaceable and quiet . In the evening of the 1 lth there was another meeting at Hyde . Leach and Candelet , and a Mr . Crossley , a draper , were present . I havo notes of what passed . Leach said he had attended a meeting of the shopkeepers at the Working Man ' s
Institution , and they had come to a resolution that they would keep' the turn-outs for two weeks ; but he requested that they would not be led to put any trust in the false shopkeepers . He further said he wished the people of Hyde to be true one to another , and on the following Wednesday they would be met by Mr . O'Connor at Manchester , when they would come to a ] resolution what to do . He cautioned the people to be honest , not to take anything that was not their own , and not to damage person ox ( property . Candelet followed nearly in the same strain . Hyde was in a very , riotous state the same day , and all the week . Labour was completely stopped . A very large number of persons came into Hyde . They were walking in a
sort of broken procession , with clubs and sticks in their hands . ; They went towards Stockport . There were two departures , one in the moruing , and the other in the evening ; that iu the morning was the largest . 1 was at a meeting on Friday , the 12 th of August , in the Market p ace , Hyde . Several hundred persons were there . Leach and Candelet Were there . ] There waa another man named Swindells , who i got up and called silence . ^ Another , called Wardiaw , then said they were not to come there , day by day , talking and speaking , but to come to thejdetermination how to get bread , and he for one woUld go to the masters , as he knew they could not get the Charter at present . He demanded a show of hands in favour of going to work , but he was hissed down . Leach next addressed the meeting . He told them that a man named Rayner . who had addressed them the
night before , " bad been deputed by j the shopkeepers of Ashton to come and try to get them to go to their work , but he wished them to be } quiet and true to one another , and to submit to nothing but the People ' s Charter . He then made several remarks on a meeting which had taken placefat Stockport the day before . He said that he headed the people up when they went to the bastile for bread , and blood would have been shed L j had not Pr ' vemed 4 t - The Mayor of Stockport had shown : him a drawer which had been broken open and £% stolen , but he ( the speaker ) wished them not to do any thing of the sort . He said this ia a langhmg Bort of a way . He added , that the Mayor of j Stockport and hundreds ef others had told him " that there was plenty in the store rooms ] and mills , and if they would not give to the people , let them take it . "
The Judge—You mean that the mayor of Stockport said this ! Witness-iLeaoh told me , my Lord , that the mavor of Stookport said bo .
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Examination resumed—Leach said that he did not wish the people to do as the mayor recommended , but to do as was done in the time of king John when Magna Churta waa obtained in bneday . The people went in a body to the King , and it was granted . He advised them to be true one to another and the Charter would soon become the law of the land . Samuel Sidebofctom , an auctioneer in Hyde , proposed to go toiheir masters and ask for the wage s of 1840 . He was hooted down and put out of the cart . A man named Booth next spoke , and he went on in a similar strain . I did not take it down . Tnere were a number of " navigators " in the meeting . Bootn said the " navies" were is great distress , and wanted support , but they mijjht do as they pleased , as the Mayor of Stockport % aid go to the stores and help themselves . Leach said ha did not advise so , but when a great man like the
Mayor advised them so , they might please them , selves . Some of the excavators swore they would act on this recommendation , and go to the first shop and help themselves . A provision shop was near at hand , and a rush was made towards it , but one of the navigators stopped them . Candelet then began to address the meeting , and I was obliged to l eave to attend the magistrates . I remember being at the Sheffield and Manchester railway on the same day . There was a large number of them assembled , who conducted themselves very riotously . A detachment of the rifle company of brigade arrived , and I left them with the magistrates . Or * , the 14 th of August , ! waa at a meeting at Mottram' Moor , about half-past two in the
afternoon . Wild , Carteledge , and another man , whose name I understood to be Glossop , were there , Wild was the chairman . He opened the meeting by recommending the people to be true one to another and the Charter would soon become the law of the land . He said that another meeting would take place on the following morning , when delegates should be appointed to go to Manchester immediately ; and on the following Tuesday morning , at four o ' clock , again in the same place , and ia procession they would go to Manchester . Ou the morning of the 15 th , they again met in the marketplace , Hyde . Moorhouse waa the chairman , and John Leach appeared . The latter spoke . I have notesof what he said . He alluded to the large sums of
money which it took to support the Q > ieen . He asked where that came from bnt the pockets of the poor ? He finished by recommending the people to keep out until the Charter became the law . Oa the evening of the same day , at eight o'clock , another meeting was held . Moorhouse spoke , but he simply announced a meeting for the evening of the following day . I went to it . Booth and Moorhoase were there . The former spoke at great length . He held a large sized placard in his hand , which I heard him read . He began by saying what an expense the Queen was to poor people , whafc quantities of wiae she drank—( laughter)—what large quantities of spirits she drank , the number of fat oxen she consumed , the large number of sheep and lambs she eat
and that she cost the poor people annually £ 160 , 000 . At this time there was a report that the Magi ^ trates were coming to take them , and Moorhouse leaped from the waggon , and said a meeting would take place on the following morning , at six o ' clock . At eight o'clock a meeting was held in the Market-place , Hyde . Moorhouse acted as chairman ^ and Candelet , Leach , and Booth , and a man named Barlow , a factory operative , were present . An excavator got upon the waggon , and sudhe wished them to turn out , and then the " navies" would be oat in five minutes . A man , who said he was a delegate from Manchester , next spoke ; ' He said he was sent from Manchester to inform the people of Hyde that he was in attendance at the hall as a delegate ; that
the delegates assembled were 341 for the Charter , and eighteen against it ; for the wages , of 1840 , or a scale of wages ; that the middle classes and all other classes of people in Manchester were for the Charter . Candelet spoke . A proclamation from the Queen had been posted ou the walls before that time . ( A copy was produced , and put in . It was dated August 13 , 1842 , and offered a reward of £ 5 b for the apprehension and conviction of the rioters . ) Candelet said he did not care a straw for the proclamation , as their meetings were legal , and held in iha day time , to conduct the interests of the poor ; that special constables and soldiers would be no use ; that bayonets in eight days time , will be of no ess ; delegates were going about in the agricultural
districts , warning and turning the labourers oat , —all except the millers and reapers of grain ; bat in fact they were all nearly out ; then where would the military and special constables be ! Bat as I am to be in Manchester at ten o ' clock this morning , I must conclude by telling you that when in the Hall last night , at six o ' clock , Mr . Beswick , superintendent of police , entered , and told the people that he was sent by the Magistrates , to inform the people there assembled that they were not allowed to hold their meetings any longer while the town was in that disturbed state . Three magistrates entered , and gave the people ten minutes time to disperse , bnt in five minutes ( said Leaoh and Candelet ) they were all gone . The battle was part
won , and let us be true to one another , and never submit to go to work until we get ail point ? of the Charter . John Leach next spoke . lie sard he was appointed one of the delegates to , the great National Conference , and at ten o ' clock he had to meet M'Douall , for he had sent him word that he longed to see him . I will collar him and bring him here with me this evening , and in eight day ' s time there will be a fixed wage by Act of Parliament , and the Charter will become the law of the land . He made some observations about the shopkeepers , saying that they were a hypocritical set , and so on . I attended another meeting at half-past fleven in the evening of the 18 ih , in the Marketplace , Hyde . Leach was present . He commenced ratling against the shopkeepers and the / middle chairsaid
classes . Moorhouse , who was in the , that there was a delegate from Glossop , and Leaoh began to tell the meeting how much money had been expended by the Spinners' Union , not one penny of which bad been spent for the Charter . Hewenton to say—does not my friend from Glossop tall you that there are many able-bodied men from Glossop-Dale , well armed with their bludgeons , and who are not frightened to use them . Where will the specials and the red-coated gentry be thenf They will fie glad to give in , and we will have them , m large numbers to-morrow , to meet and go to Ashton . ne called upon the people to be united , and so long as he lived , he would agitate , for the aristo , oracy of the country was bad , and , without alteration , would soon be worse . During the time I have been spesKing of , the mills at Hyde were out of work , there
By Mr . Atherton—1 am not aware that ww any distress at that time in Hyde and the neighbourhood . I do not know that the wages were lovrat that time . I know nothing abont the matter eitaer one way or another . . , , By Mr . Pollock—I remember seeing a placard posted at Hyde , from the Executive Committee or the Chartists to the People . I think it wonld Da from the 14 th to the 19 th of August . A great many people read them . I can't say how many were posted—perhaps two or three . . By Mr . Dundas—I will not swear that moretfian one of them was posted . I have read the opening and concluding passages of the one now produced , and to the best of my belief it i 9 a copy . I will not swear that it is the same ; it might be wrong a wora or two , or ten lines , or more . It is similar to ww one 1 saw posted , and I- believe it is the same .
By Mr . Atherton—I laid the notesof the particular transactions on which I have been ^ peaang before the magistrates every day , and gave sucn explanations as might be required . By Mr . O'Couuor—I prefer swearing to the notes in the book . They aro original , and not a transcript . I would not swear from memory , without the dook to refresh me . John Leach and Candelet were b « brought before the magistrates : they abseondea . Moorhouse was brought up . I appeared agam » him . I believe it was on Friday , the 26 th of AugBSl . Tho entries in my book bringdown the transactions to the 20 th of August . I did not produce theooo ^ when I appeared before the magistrates . I coma explain the reason why I did not show the boos . Judge—Explain it . ~ Witness—i found it necessary to convey tne prisoners immediately away from Hyde to « £ ** £ port , in conseouenceoftbe inefficiency of the
protective force , ana the Magistrates committed them Iro «» there . I gave evidence from memory . I w as examined before the committal of the parties . »» my duty to collect every information for the Magistrates , within my division , but I did not hear wy particular expressions of distress existing . i » J » aware that the shopkeepers had meetiugs , and agreea to support tho operatives . The town of Hyde W » in a state of great tumult for more than a wee ^ , hut after Leach left , we had no farther disturbances . I have not made any entry in the book as to ™* frj a on which I saw the placard from the Executive Committee . Tae reason was , that when I Pttl JJa ^ placard from the wall , I delivered it to theM ?^ trates , and placed my name behind it . I tbougns n would have been here , and then I could have swora to the hand-writing , but it is not here , n- ™*™ the 17 tb of Aneust on which Lsaoh said be w »
going as a delegate to Manchester . I naTe ! " ^ that it was on the 18 oh when he returned . At too latter meeting , I don't recollect that he «» W thing about the Charter . I might have vw ™* little interlineation in the book about the Cnaiwri when brought before the magistrates , bat not wnen before the Judge . The interlineation pointed ou » was made on the Monday morning , when 1 wen * before the magistrates . I have not been examniea since the Special Commission , at Chest ® 1 * , \¦** book has not been out of tny possession sinwj except that I gave it to a constable , wrapper , i " paper , to briDg from the inn , at Lanc aster ,, w * Castle . I gave the same evidenceat Chesterw > am giving now . I remember perfectly that J ^ ea < j spoke in a laughing manner , when he w ^ re ' rvj ! f to what had been said by the Mayor of StocKpo ^ I should think that the counsel for the proseo « ao ^ must have axko . d me rasoectine Leaoh ' s manner , iw
having read my depositions . I admit 1 , J * . ^ ,. made slight alterations in the book . The mm ( Conii our third page . ) . — - *
The Trial.
THE TRIAL .
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* " * 2 THE NORTHERN STAR .
^Ust Published, Price 2s. 6d., And Sent Free On Receipt Of A Post-Office Order For 3s. 6d.
^ ust Published , price 2 s . 6 d ., and sent free on receipt of a Post-office Order for 3 s . 6 d .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1843, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct472/page/2/
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