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TO THE IMPERIAL CHAST3STS.
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Cfwritet EmelUger.ee
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MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—DERBY.
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_ , . . VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ht dear vFbksis , — -Thare tkre a great many things about wMeh I iaye ~ ; propneciBd for yon . m leD yon some of ihexn . ;* When the Wfiig rascals gentoie to York Casile tor eighteenImonths for copying four very inoffensive lines fronvanothBT new spaper , into the ^ Northern Star aboni a jk ^ little boy whowas baS > oroudy tireated ^ y the Waismfrister Gtaardlans , and ^ reir ^ opa- of wKch I
believe to be true , I then recommended yon to join in > asfing ibe WMga , whI expressed ; my liope that Qos Tones vrovii " bare an overwhelming majority , iiDlfrem love of their policy . or . their . measnrea , bat npon the tldyrintaple of " j £ ve a rogue rope enough 1 ' , 3 said that a lalance of partieB ,-or nearly so , would be a great evSr ^^ e npon wKcli legitimacy and constitutional ^ , pre ^ en ^ and custom , wonld play * £ wsy pole "? or , aa we « all it in Ireland ^ " Widy Bncketty " --
« BereTrego up , ap , up , and lisre Tre go ( town , ( town , dosmey ^ « Here t »« go backwards and forwards , and into London townej . " - 2 ! here is in reality no diffewBgj ^ between Whigs and Tories in the Hense of Commons j bnt the parties , outside , are distmgnishable by their politics In power the ^ Whig Administratioii -teas not Euffioenfly liberal for the Whig const ! Jneney , while the Tories in power -are loo liberal for the Tory ' -congfitnency , not so much in practice as in speech . "
Again , when the Tories . proved the strength of iheirmyori ^ ni « n ^ tgigantio measure , the Tariff sad the Income li ^ -I ^ propnecied firstly , thai Unssell and Peel would unite in trampling upon our liberties , if the Tariff should fail iagiying the anfi-< apat « d impetus to trade , I jfcold you that the Tariff Ti ^ nld be a » iacalcnlable benefit to the higher and . js&Se dasses , and but of ^ rery litUe benefit to the
working orders . I told you that the free trade men would move heaven and earth to frustrate the Tariff , and that Ped would persecute the Chartists for their oppoation of the league . I told yon titaVa strong opposition would 1 » formed against the very name of Toryism ? and n « w _ . that I lave beea ' right in each and every one of mj predictions , subsequent events have proved . The opposition to which I looked fanrard ias not been formed in the House of Com '
jaeizs , because the advance of the pcblfo mind lias paralysed Iiittle Bsssell and Mb Whig consiatutionalistSj and has induced tnem to confederate , combine , and conspire with Peel and bis associates to resist the march of intellect . Men like Russell and Palmerston are only liberal when the public mind can be tickled with phrases , or sui&dued by brute force ; but sow they have discrimination enoughiosee that the -eppositioB lias been formed on o ? the Hocsx ? and that , however ine force of Parliament may , for a season , hold opinion in sabjectiod , yet are the -days otfj ^ piimacj numbered , asd count but few .
The storm in the tea-pot , created by the puffing of the League ismore than Hussell can bear , while the hurricane of Chartist opinion is too powerful for the 2 / eague . Peel is but little afraid of Russell ; Russell is dreadfully afraid -of the League ; and the League is sdB more in dread of &e Chartists ; the opposition , notwithstanding , Is beisg formed outside ; an opposition against which Peel and Russell will unite , but' in Tain- As soon as the 1 m 31 owliBariedneas , ins ignorance , the self-interestednes 3 , the profligacy , the want of character , and brutality of the League sufficiently develope themselves—and they are marching on with rapid strides—then ibe good of all classes will onite for the Bubjugaiien of Toryism , of Whiggery , of Whig-Toryism , and of Toiy-Whlgian .
It is for that reason and with that view that I hare laboured hard and braved all to keep the party of the people together , so thai they may , when tie hour for union comes , be the mountain , the magnet , to which all attractable bodies come . Should the day ever arriTe when the working ^ elafses shall -again be contented with a secondary position in agitation ^ the work of later years will have been pulled down and our successors will be compelled _ £ o go ihrongb . tha same prtlemiiiary labour of j ? r > airing the people a distinct political body . ¦ The practical changes anticipated from what was - £ &Hdd the Reform Bill hare not taken place . The
IBilljfeelf was a mere conferring of representation ¦ KgXza . heap of newly acquired property j while £ -, jSqps Law ^¦ pif * T" ^ m *»' Act , ib ' a Corporaiion 1 ¦ rA Mm Bill , and the appointment byBnsaell of a ! w ^ h & 4 gBoran $ , purse-proud , hard-hearted , self- j _ zb - itfsisgistrates , were the projecfced-delails for , ' iifarL ^ - * fin ** 1 inunortality npon Whiggery . vZsM a " ^^ y looked npon those measures and j \ \ t > as hoons , for which the recipients \ appointmei nj ^ nity at large should be grateful , j and ifcB coi . fe ^ ^ ^ &Q h&nds qJ ^ fc ^ j hS ^ &t ^ S ^ te 8 * keeping - they haTe been in- j r ? fro-t * growing and moreTital interesti tmsted , had fdt ' ^^^ eyer ^^^ oL It a I mth exeraset , p !^^^ hands of
^ ^^^ »^^ ^^* vS owTScTu ^ lenefit , aemanufaeiurersfo ^ appearance of so aat hasten to tha , £ ^ ""Sh p ^ . i much power-nay , ^ e . ^^ ^^^ bya ] Low if exer . there _ was , ^ ^ iSte ^ Mth () . j ^ ateanan , it was in conf , ^ ^ mfartur . Had ritj upon ignorant and selfis . ^^^^ ^ ; h ^ confined iheappointmente ^ ^ ^ own poLtical creed , persons of » ^ ^ ^ j Xteslenm order te ^^ J l ^ lTthe hour i deriTed iocalcalable support from T ! blindea ' of need , bus their duty to themsel-r jT ^ haTe ] ibra is their duty to their maker , ai ^ •* J \
tamed against him . How , all these are fearful odds to JfXj against 5 yet hare I no fear . 3 belie , ^ jgj , energy , perseTeraiice , and honesty , will sccoj . \ ? Zany thing , and I do not see a Tery hercu . - work in breaking down Peel , the Duke , and thv t strong GoTernment . Bnt to effect this , we mus * ha ^ e such machinery as the law allows , and as ou j own materials can furnish . i It would not be just to those parties who may be ' ealltd up for judgment , ( but which I do not antici- j pate ) to proceed to the election of a new Executive j ¦ snul all are upon a perfect equality as to position . | IhaTehadmany , very many narrow escapes , and I
MYer blamed any person for the awkwardnesses in which 1 hare been freqently placed 5 however , for fiie sake of the body , and , above all , for the sake 0 ! our cause , I care at length yielded to the applications of several good men , and consented that my Dime should be placed' before the Chartist body as a candidate for the office of Execntiue Committee man . Should ! be elected , 1 shall render my services grahatoasly , and whether lam or Bot , it is my determination to submit to the country a vigoron 3 , a bold , md a concentrated action on behalf of the Charter . 3 sa of opinion that a vigorous struggle just now , wonld place Chartism in the ascendant , and that de undivided attention of five good Eonnd rational loaest men , would be machinery quite sufficient to wiahst faction .
You may rely upon it , that we owe no part of our Kttpe from the jwvs of a dungeon to Peel . No , *>• He looked uptn the late trials as a Charnst eximgnisber ; we will turn them into a Chartist K * ze io light ns in onr progress . 1 have the vanity to believe that the country will » PProe of a proposition which I mean to make wken thB argument in arrest of judgment is over , ® then I would not feel myself justified in making **** . & EBggestnon , while the hands of some of our kst men are tied . I irnEt that while my plan will * we the merit of being safe and inexpensive , it will * feo % the foundation of a union which cannot be * 5 * iafced while it will reconcile all past differences f ^ make us -what vreTonght to be , a bundle of sticks ^ skadof axope of Band .
i haTe jnst heard of the acquittal of John West , ^ slnsh ajptator ^ at J > erbj , after a splendid defence . * B these things convince me thatwehare created a ^ Hc opinion stronger thaa bad law , and that we ¦ *? tt ? oire energy , freedom * and courage to turn it *« eeonni . 'tin acre than ever confinc-ed of * &e jjrounea |? ea-wincb l anficipate a glorionB ternBnatiOB of ^ e laiicaster irinmph , for triumph iv was . "' - ^ |^ nj that there are yet some EnarL'srs growling tail the country , but to public opinioK ; I I * * correction .
^ 5 ie GoTernment had erery hope of annihila ^ og ^ wrgns CConeor and the Star , Iot Uiafc was the *** o ^ ect j bat thanks to justice , botb ^ re
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escaped theirfengs . Peel and his ¥ strong Government" are at their wit ' s end , and having failed in the last resource of Toryism—persecution ^ lam anxious to see to . what they will joext direct their attention , aa they now find they cannot put down opinion 01 suppress agitation . I am , my friends , Your faithful servant , 3 ? BiBOTS G ? COHHOK . ese&iww ) t . TioTT ¦ foT »» o "D _ . ni . _ j v : _ u __ - _ _ -, ¦
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Mosdxv , MiSCH 20 . ( Before Mr . Baron Alderson . ) SEDITION . John Wesly aged 25 , was indicted for having , at Swadlinoote , on the 18 th of September last , wickedly maliciously , and seditiously uttered certain words concerning enr sovereign lady the . Queeo . Mr . Waddiwgton and Mr . Macaulat appeared in support of the prosecution . The prisoner conducted his own defence . ¦
"Mr . Wa 3 m > ikgtoh stated that the prosecution had bBen instituted by &e magistrates of she district in which the alleged offence was committed . The prisoner waa ^ charged with having , on Sundas , the IStkof September last , nttered , in the presence of a large number of persons a discourse of an inflamnm . tbry and seditfois charaeterj calcuJated to incite persona to commit acts of oatrage aad insubordination . The law Bj » n the subject was this : —the first dutjr of every subject was to . obey a » existing law , but it was the privilege certainly of all to complain , either in puhfic or private , of any particular law which they might consider injurious to themselves or tha country at large . Englishmen had & « ght to
meet to ^ jetner . and discuss the merits of the Jaws by which-they were governed , subject to one restriotion , viz ., that it must be done in a way not to excite disturbance © f the public peace . Their complslnte -should be pointed at some particular grievance , and not be levelled generally against all law and order . They must not call oa parties to combine together to subvert the constitution ; -and all persons using language -calculated to promote acts of insubordination were guilty of sedition . The facts of "the ease was as follow . In August * ad September last , -Staffordshire , Derbyshire , and some neighbouring counties were in a state of disturbance and riot , owing io a disagreement
• betweenmasters and men upon the snbject of wages The prisoner had , upon more than one occasion , . addressed large assemblies of miners and potters on the borders of Staffordshire , who had turned out on the day in-question , being a Sunday . The prisoner addressed an assembly of about two hundred on ¦< 5 resley Common , taking a text from Scripture . In the progress of Mb discourse he bad uttered these wordsi " We are told to unite together to oppose ¦ the abominable laws which stop onr rights by class legislation ^ " We nvust &e alive and active , for as Jocg as we sleep quiet we shall not get our-rights from the aristocracy . " ** We must combine together
to © pen the locks of the ^ prison doors , and liberate those of our brethren who are confined for asking oar rights . " ¦ " We have no right to be content with the abominable laws which are entailed upon us . " " These were the words used 4 no one eould mistake their tendency % and it woald-be for tka prisoner to -explain them away if he could . The meeting coamenced by singing a hymn , after which the prisoner took his text from the first -chapter of the 2 d of Peter , the 4 th and three following verses . He spoke for an hour and a-half , daring which he uttered the-expressions f&r which he hid been indicted . The Defendant requested that all the witnesses mieht be ordered out of Court .
The Learned-Judge said that was a request which eould sot be complied with , bet directed that all those who were not under examination ahoald go oat of hearing . John Thomas Woodhouse examined—lam mining agent of the colleriea of the Mareois of Hastings and tbose of Mr . Ceart Granville . The Marquis eajplojrs 400 men , and Mr . Court GranTiile 200 . In Aujjuft last , there was some discontent on the part of Mi . Court Grauville ' fl men , which led to a
turnout ; the men returned to their work on tbe 30 th of Angust . JAeeting 3 were held while the eelliers were out . The colliers turned out throughout tbe whole of Staffordshire ; the nearest point of the Staffordshire collieries wa 3 , thirty miles off . Chureh Gresley was about four miles from the borders of Staffordshire , Chartist meetings were held in the neighbourhood of Chnrch Gresley . I was told there would be a meeting on the 18 th of September and I gave directions for special constables to attend it .
Cross examined by defendant—You state there was a disagreement between the colliers and their employers—what was it!—The eolliere turned out for an advance of wages . The mining districts *> f Staffordshire , you say , are thirty miles off you 1 —Yes . John Charlton examined—I live at Swadlincote ; am a . police officer there . On Sunday the 18 th of September , I was informed a meeting was to be held there ; I received orders to watch their proceedings . I went to Church Gresley Common , whieh is about a quarter of a mile from Church Gresley ; there were about 130 or 140 persons there when I arrived / Most of them were working people—colliers and potters . ThiB was between two and three o ' clock in the afternoon . I know WeBt now , but I did not
know him then . West did not live in the neighbourhood ; he was elevated on a stool form , and was giving out a hymn . A short time after he took a text ; it was from the 1 st chapter of the 2 ad Epistle of Peter , the fourth and three following verses . I took notes of some parts of his addreBB ; he spoke an hour or an hour and a-half . He said— "We are told to unite together to oppose the abominable laws which stop ourjxights by class legislation . " He had , perhaps , spoken ten or fifteen minutes before he said this . About four or five minates after , he said— " We must be alive and aetive ,-for as long as we keep quiet we shall not get our rights from the aristocracy . " After some time , he said— " We must combine together io break open , «• , and break open the prison doors , and liberate
"ipse our brethren that are confined for asking j . » $ nr rights . " He used the word " our" to l ° - t ^ st of my knowledge . After a short time the ? £ _ H ^ |^ - n 0 jjgbt fa fce content with fcf Ba ~ Vsninablelawa that are entailed , upon us . " i these 1 a ¦ , ^ g ^ Q wor ( J 8 as I thought improper to onlytooh . ge appeared to open Mb discourse in a H us ** - % n , but he did not go back to religious rebgionssti % He talked afterwards about politics , subjects again \ , Jeal about Church and State . The andsaidago < K ^» j did not interfere till they audience was q ± ^ wjqj , . defendant said it was bejgan-to make a » iSfaice of his brethren confined for a&fflB&yj in the » . ^ 3 J noi aUOw a collection to be in gaoL I raid 1 vroi ^ j ^^ to defendant at a made ; they then desisu w w « not committed till 1 house afterwardB . He " * October . , -After the hymn , Gross-examined by Defern . *^|* tj 0 you recollect was there not something else * * praver : I conwhatit was ! Something meant « hear me give sidered H * mpekery . Did you h «* ^ u-aot say I thanks for an abundant harvest ! x n k t heard you did not . I heard . % iyon read the text . A nation of divide it . I d ^ noVxemember your ex . ity 3 ^ virtue . " Do W ? jM recollect it was-t « myide aprighine ^ of ^ ti ^ iTes ! No , I heard y * , » t re , rtntftxt andi <^ int to explain it , but I cai , " „ . !
member wha ^ was . I heard you mention *» L m . dnties . Bo yon not recollect that I described «* - perance as not consisting so much in moderation . » eatinganddriokingaBinoarlanguageandactionsI ^ . > i 1 cannot say what yoorwords were , Do yon recollect -what I d * 3 OTbed ^ odliness tobe ! No . Do yon not re-1 collect that I said that we found it in the character of | Christ ! Ko ; i remember your quoting from the I * 2 A chapter of isaiaK , and to tbe best of my recol-! lection it was the fob . verse . Was it not that pasiWe—" The spirit of the Lord God is upon me ; j
i because the Lord hath annointed me to preaca gooa i udingB ^ nto the meek " ; he hath sent me to bind up i the broken hearted , to proclaim liberty to the cap-1 tives , and the opening of the prison to them that I are bound 1 " Those ^ are not the words you used ; ] you didnot ue » them at that time as you do now . Did not I Eay that they could not do better than to contribnte of their means to effect the opening of the prSdoors to them that are bound ! Those are not the words . Let me Bee ^ he words aB you took them . ( ThTSess ^ Te the defendant his notes . V Don't iou recollect * any allusion to oontobntmg of their meanTto obtain a fair trial for those that were in ^ Hte LoBDSH » here said-Why wiU you do your-« K mischief bj throwing snoh imputations ^ TrtTidnfinistrition of justice ? Thos « persona
W i fair irial r «» d I ynU . take ear © yx > u nave . Tht iSnSS said he did not mean to throw ont any luch&nuation , ^ be would explain himself "' cSsSx wiiiuation oontinued-Was there any ; mSotfmionr mind that what I satd had a SS& to « oite the people to commit acts of vtoleSS ? It . wouldnot have that effect on mv but J tStok it would on other persona . Thmmam 4 d ^^ in y » urmanner of speaking . You heard SelxpTaS paWe-w * there any particular cir-
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cumstance took place at the time ? I recollect two funerals passing . Do you recollect me telling them they must be patient under all the decrees of God I I-do remember . Do you recollect that I spoke of the necessity-of patience nndersuch circumstances 1 ¥ es . Of the necessity of charity and brotherly kindnesB ! Yes . Don't you recollect there was another hjmn given out , another prayer made , in which something was said about the harvest ; and that God ' s blessing was asked for her Majesty and our rulers , that they might promote the happiness , -morality , and contentment ef the people ! Yes , something about it . Don't you recollect me saying , if the officer desire yoa to desist , we must obey , for
I have no wish to commit any offence against the laws ? Yes ; I saw no disturbance at the meeting I cannot say whether the meeting was calculated to create alarm . The first words after the meeting I said were—I wished to know whether you intended to repeat your visit 3 You said you did not know . J * aid it must be on Sunday . The Defendant—1 said 1 would come on Sunday if I came that way . ' By the Jxcdce—Did not the -defendant ask you to take the tenor of hie -discourse , and not particular passages ! No ; some parts of his speech vreie calculated to-excite the people to violence . The Judge—Why did you not take them down
I should have taken more , but I broke my pencil . Jehn Ensor—I am in the employment of Mr . Court GranviUe , as engineman . £ was a special constable , and was at the meeting on the 'Kith September , at Swadlincote . I Baw WeBt there , and heard him make an appointment for a meeting on Gresley Common . I attended that meeting ; he was discoursing when I got there . I took particular noticeof what he said . Ho said , " we must be alive and active , for as long as we keep quiet , we shall not get our rights from the aristocracy . " * ' We
must combine together to break open the locks of the prison doors , and liberate those of our brethren ¦ confined for asking for our rights . " I saw the witness Charlton write it down . West said , " I am a Chartist , and all that axe not Chartists hate me . " CresB-extmined by Defendant—I was there some time before you began to make use of those words . I did not take down those words in writing . I must remember some other words you said , bm . not particularly . Will Bwear you said " We must combine together to break opeul" not and .
The Learned Judos said this would not make any difference . Will you swear I did not use the word contribute ? 1 never heard it . How many times have you been instructed in this lesson ! None at all . Did you see Charlton write down the words I I could not tell what he wrote when I could not read —( a laugh ) . ( The Learned Judge said they did the defendant no good by laughing at the mistake of the witness . I heard there was a a turn-out at Mr . Court Granville ' s colliery . I was not sent to the meeting ; I was there by accident . 1 have not been told that 1 shall lose my employment if I did not consent to give evidence . I have not been drilled at all in these tales .
Examination resumed—I saw Charlton write while the defendant was speaking . Thomas Warren examined—1 am a special constable . On the 18 th of September I went to Gresley Common , and saw West there . He gave out a hymn . After the meeting I put down in writing what he Baid . He said , " We are told to unite together to oppose tbose abominable laws which stop oar rights by class legislation . We mast combine together we must be alive » nd active ; for if we are quiet , we shall not get onr rightB from the aristocracy . We must combine together to break open the locks of prison doors , and to liberate our brethren confined for asking for our rights . "
Cross-examined by Defendant—A bymn was given out and a prayer made , but I cannot reoollect a sentence of what was Baid . I recollect the text being given and some of the words— " Whereby are given unto us great and precious promises . " I can ' t say how long you were before you used the words 1 wrote down . I cannot say 1 saw the two funerals . I set down the words when I got home . Did not I use the word contribute ! I can't recollect that you did . This was tbe case for the prosecution .
The Dependant then rose and addressed th « Jury . He Bsid if his words had been tafcen fairly down , and connected with the sentiments to which he gave utterance , they would not bear the meaning attributed to them in the indictment . He felt—thnj being the first time in his life that he had been placed in such a position—the awkwardness of his situation , for it could not be supposed that a man in his humble condition could be acquainted with the pointB of law which it was fiesireable he Bhould know . He bad , however , full confidence that his Lordship would aid him , as he had witnessed that he had done others on their trial at these Assizes , to obtain substantial justice . And , before proceeding
further , he wished to remove from his Lordship ' s mind the impression that he ( the defendant ) had any idea that the Chartists who were in prison 'would not have a fair trial . What he meant to saj was , when urging the working . classess to contribnte of their meanB for their defence , that it was necessary to employ the best legal talent that they could obtain , and that this was expensive . There was no desire on his part to insinuate that he should not receive full justice both from his Lordship and the Jury . He begged the Jury to obseive that the accusation in the indiotment—that he had told the people that they must not submit iq the lawshad not been sworn to . He had ever contended that
1 the law must be obeyed whatever it Wag , but if the law , in their opinion , was bad , they had no ; right to be contend and were entitled to seek ito repeal . ThiB wifffieright of every British subject , whether Tory ,-Whig , Radical , or Chartist . Tnere wa ^ s nothing unlawful in the Charter , and those'that I believed it would be beneficial to themselves and the ' country , had an undoubted right to urge its adopi ticn . There had been an attempt made to connect fe . im with the outbreak in Staffordshire , but it was "V- necessary for him to defend himself on that II ^ t . If such bad been his object , he should not P ° " ohosen eucb a passage of the Word of God as v ? % * for his text . He would appeal to their he toi Benge wnetner for suon a purpose he c £ mm , \ ve commented upon one of the most ^ oui ? i . 1 \ rtjimerations of the moral virtues in tbe peauHiui fre iy with
« . s ^ je flad quentwitnessed pain benptures . { he poYert ? i and the distress of thouthe ignorance , - ^ thonsaxidBoffals oonntrjfmen . Many BandBandtenat d a ^ le word respecting their of them never ht ^ j ^ were they eTer directed social and ™> raK ^^ a of God , Thia muBt be to the promises oT Y £ j f ^ he h . ^ and lamented by aW bene ' ^ j M them tbe he fa ^ f « ° « ^ a iL WchriBtianity . His Lordtruedoctnneaof pwct . ^ , / s had noticed the want ft snsa ^^^ ta '^^ ^ om ^^^^ n ^
mlSto £ * 3 fii thatof thebehest » WgK . mea , to do-wrj thing ^ could to remove ^ Qrajce and crime from the land ; he had only beeM »» "f hjsdnty as a citizen in endeavouring to jjolW * benefit on his county . He could show * if necessary , that the language he had used was not to be con . - pared for violence with that used by some Ministers of Religion and other persons in elevated Btationfl . Gentlemen occupying the Magisterial benches
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had used language to Which he dared not give utterance ; yet there was no notice taken of them , qo steps taken to arrest and puuish them . He would prove too that the disturbances that had occurred had been significantly hinted at on the magisterial benoh , but no notice was taken of their language . It was a hard thing to define seditio * : ; sometimes language is considered seditious , which afterwards the -Government of the day sanctions ;; and tbose demands are persecuted for sedition which afterwards become the law « f the land . John Sdubba was proseouted for ; moving a resolution to the effect that Macclesfield ought to return two members of Parliament , aadwas sont to prison ; but some years afterwards Thos . Grimsditch , Esq ., moved a similar
resolution , in nearly the same words , -and it was tolerated by Government , and beds now sitting membf .-rfor Macclesfield . He hoped those that conducted tbis prosecution on the part of tbe Crown would not be nibbling at the buds and let the tree alone ; this they were doing by prosecuting him , while they passed by unheeded the more violent language of men in a higher place in society . If Magistrates did these things be had a right to do so , for they were men occupying stations in -whieh they ought to be qualified to make the distinction between right and wrong . Lord Chief Justice Tiadal , who was an honour to his country , had laid it down as a rale that persons carried away by the warmth of their feelings should be judged by the whole tenor and tendency of their discourse , not by isolated words and selected passages . Now , they would observe in the evidence against him that day
there were no connecting passages given by the witnesses . It was evident they were drilled ; they knew nothing , nor could they remember any other words that followed those which they had got off by rote like a parrot . The witness , Charlton , admitted that h « ( the defendant ) : was temperate in his language and actions . If be advised those persons who heard him not to let their passions get the better of their judgment , he thought it could not enter into the minds of the Jury that he had any such : intention as that imputed to him . His object was to inculcate moral duties on those who will not go to Church ; surely if they would not go to any place of religious worship , and would hear a working man on these subjects , it was no crime , but an honour to instruct those who . would otherwise be given up to drunkenness , fighting , and quarrelling . One of the witnesses eaid that lie ( the defenda-nt ) said he was a Chartist . He was a Chartist . He believed the
Charter necessary to preserve the institutions of the country . He did not wish to overturn iho Constitution . He loved it . He wanted to be placed within its pale . He wanted to be represented with other Commoners in Parliament ; . He hoped they would not think he was necessarily engaged in a bad cause for wishing to be represented in the House of Commons . He had said that the people had no right to sit down contented Withthe abominable laws which excluded them from the privileges of the Constitution . If he had sinned in using such language he had sinned in good company . The Tories bad said the New Poor LaWB were cruel and abominable , and they bad not used the mildest means to obtain a repeal of them ; they 'would recollect meetings on
this subject composed of two or three hundred thousand persons at which the strongest resolutions were passed . There was another class , comprising persons of great wealth ' and high standing , which sought the repeal of the corn and provision laws , which they did not hesitate to Bay were abominable . Not one of these persons was brought to trial , but he hoped that the gentlemen who instituted these proceedings against him would see that these things were looked after-Surely when a gentleman of high standing said , " he was astonished at the apathy of the metropolis —the time was past for talking , they must do something—they must have a Committee for public safety . " ( . The Learned Judge said the defendant was using a bad argument ; it was no justification of his conduot if he had done wrong that others had done so too . If such parties were brought before the tribunals of the country , and Juries were
independent enough to conviot them , the Judges would take care they wiire punished ] My reason for alluding to this language is to show that what is an offence now may become law . [ His Lordship said there were many things unlawful now that could not become law , such as robbery and murder . The best argument of the defendant was—that it was not fair to take a passage or two from a long speech , without showing the tenour of the speech . Nothing | g £ s more unfair than taking part of a sentence and p fving it as evidence . They would remember a person being charged with saying "There is no God , " when he had connected it with "The fool hath Raid in his heart . " ] The defendant thought he might safely trust his cause in the hands of his Lordship . He had witnesses to call to prove that he did not use tbe words in the sense imputed to him , but merely called upon them to contribute of their means for the deliverance of their brethren .
The fact of his attempting to make a collection proves what his intention was . The fact * was sworn to that he prayed , ; : though it was said it was a mockery ; he considered that he did it in sincerity ; his respect for the day , the morals of the people , and his own welfare , would prevent him from making a mockery of prayer . When he prayed to God to give her Majesty wiadom to govern the kingdom , he did it with sincerity . He had addressed meetings of two , three , or four thousand person ? , and had always selected those parts of the word of God for texts which showed the importance of practical Christianity . He would appeal to their good sense , whether it was likely that he should go there .
under such circumstances , and say they must combine to break open the prison doors . The constable wished me to desist , but I said no—the hearts of the constables may be touched and receive some moral advantage as well as others . He would ask again , if it were his object to excite the people to riot and insubordination , whether he should not have selected a more inflammatory kind of text ? This showed his peaceable disposition ; he thought the idea that he wished to promote an outbreak could not enter into the head of any individual who did not wish to make out a case . He hoped the Jury would not fail to take the tenor of his discourse into their consideration .
Tne Learned Judge , in summing up , said there were few persons , not accustomed to public speaking , that did not say stronger things and use stronger words than they intended . With reepeot to action the case Was very different , for there they had something definite add precise . The Jury ought to have a clear and distinct idea of the tenor of the defendant ' s discourse . Let us see what he is charged with . ( His Lordship then read a passage from the indiotment charging him with endeavouring to form a conspiracy to resist the laws , and to procure by violence a chance of the Constitution . ) His
Lordship was of opinion ' that the people should be permitted to state their grievances openly , and to . seek redress by proper meaifs . The evidence was not complete , the Jury ought to" have had more of the context , and again adduced theunstanoe of a person being charged with saying ? 'TlsereiB no God "when he used the whole passage a > d Baid— " The fool hath said in his heart there is no God . " Suppose the defendant had said— " We aretold we tout combine together and oppose those abominable laws whioh stop ourvrights by class legisJation ; ' ' but , suppose he had added that it is not-the way , that is not correct . He did not know that the words attributed- to the defendant
were seditious ; it was very common to say a particular claas made the laws , ^ having the power to return members to Parliament . This law might be gocd or bad , but some persons might choose to call
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the law abominable because they were excluded from the privilege ; but if this were done to create violence , no law could stand . The ] defendant Baid also — " We must be alive and active , " but did he mean active to resist by violence , or in remonstrance 1 His language ws ^ a capable of both significations ; and if there who ambiguity in the expressions used , they should give the defendant the advantage of > * t . He said they must combine to break open the prison doors and liberate their brethren . They ought to have had the context with this passage to show its design . If the defendant meant , as he eaid he did , that they
should have the benefit of Counsel on their trial , he was not prepared to say that this object was not praiseworthy ; but if he meant that they should combine to liberate them by force , he was guilty . If , however , to break open was used as a metaphor , it was not more than orators were accustomed to say whee they intended only moral means . If they were satisfied that there was not sufficient evidence to convict the defendant , they ¦ w ould acquit him If they thought otherwise , they would find him guilty i and he hoped the Juries of the country would nave the .-courage to do [ their duty , and he was sure the Jsdges would do theirs .
After some time , the Jury expressed a wish to retire . ' Tae Judge directed them toi remember that al they had to censider w&s , whether the language said to bo used by the defendant would bear the construction put upon it in the indictment . The meeting appeared to have been quiet ; there was no oakery or appearance ef violence , and the defendant should have the benefit of it . : After a short consultation , tho Jury returned a verdiot of Not Guilty . His Lordship said— " I quite approve of your verdict . " j William Wildgoose and fourteen others were charged with assembling together to turn oul workmen . They pleaded Guiity , and were ordered to enter into their own recognizances in the sum of £ 100 to keep the peace . j
The Learned Baron told them they had been in . great jeopardy , as the offences with which they were charged were serious . It would be as well , perhaps , if they were to know ; what their rights ¦ upon the subject fer which they were indicted were -and what they were uot . They jhad » right to meet and agree together as to the wages they should demand from their employers ; but no right to compel others to follow the same course . The freedom they claimed for themselves they were bound to allow to others—that was only justice , and was both the law and . the prophets .
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DUBLIN . —The Irish Universal Suffrage Association held their usual weekly meeting , at two o ' clock , oa Sunday , the 19 th instant , Mr . William Dunne in the chair . Mr . D . Keegan was appointed Secretary to the meeting , Mr . l » yott having been absent in consequence of a severe cold . JThe Secretary read the objects and rules of the Association . Several letters were read from various parts of the country . Borne new members were proposed ; and , notice of motion for the admission of others having been given , Mr . O'Higgins , in a luminous speech of unanswerable facts , from Parliamentary records and other authentic sources , brought ; forward the resolution , of which notice had been given on the
previous Sunday , and which were duly advertised in the Freeman's Journal , the only newspaper in Dublin possessing one ray of independent principle . Had Mr . O'Higgin ' s speech been reported in the Dublin newspapers , it would have put an extinguisher upon the new nefarious scheme of sending the ejected tenantry out of the country to perish on tho snows or in the morasses of Canada . JHe prored to the satisfaction of all present that Lord Stanley and tho Other rack-rent and absentee landlords were at the head of thia expatriating society , { formerly known as the North American Colonization Association , but now under th « more seductive and deceitful name of the "Catholic Emigration Society . " Every one
present was fully . satisfied of the false statements put forth by this flagitious society , ; for the purpose of inducing the poor Irish ^ con fiding labourer and artizan to quit his native land , and go to Canada . The meeting expressed its amazement and horror on learning that the patriot O'Conneli was one of the most prominent abettera of this hellish scheme , and that he had succeeded in getting some of the Catholic clergy to join him in it—for instance , the Very Rev . Dr . Kirwan , V . G ., ! the Very Rev . A . Magee , D . D ., the Rev . Joseph iRofason , the Very Rev . Dr . Yore , the Rev . Dr . ] O'Conneli—while
Daniel O'Conneli himself is chief trustee . It is to be regretted that every oonceired species of falsehood and misrepresentation havojbeen put forth in the prospectus of this Company , and that Irish Catholio clergy , who are teachers of and lovers of truth , have been induced , without ; due consideration it is hoped , to affix their names to this atrocious scheme . Mr . O'Higgins concluded by moving the adoption of the following resolutions , and that a petition to Parliament be forwarded to Mr . Crawford for presentation to the House of Commons . Mr . Rafter seconded the motion , which patsed unanimously : — ;
" That tbe obvious tendency of the Catholic Emigration Society—if not tae seal object—is to aid the Irish Protestant Colonization Association in clearing their estates of their Catholic tenantry . " That there is no prevision made , nor intended to be made , nor can any by possibility be made , to insure the safety and preserve the hualth of the deluded emigrants . j That there is evidence before ] Parliament which proves that out of every two hundred Irish Emigrants who arrive in Canada , there are not more than fifty alive iu two years ! " That it ia an impious impeachment of the wisdom of Divine Providence to declare , as the Catholic Emigration Society does , that there aru too many people born , that is to say . created .
" That it is derogatory to the dignity and injurious to the sacred office of any Roman Catholic clergyman to embark in any scheme for the expatriation of his poor confiding countrymen , under any name , scheme , 01 device whatsoever . i " That every male inhabitant of this empire of mature ag * . no matter how poor he may be , costs the country , at the very least , £ 100 before he comes to man ' s estate , and that , therefore , every man sent out of the country ia a loss to the country of £ 100 , in addition to which he takes with him oil tbe property he can collect .
"That very few emigrate except able-bodied labourers , and that they do bo just at a time when they are able and willing to make , by productive labour , a tenfold return for the cost of rearing ; them ; that , therefore , any scheme to send able-bodied labourers out of the land of their birth , but particularly <> nt of Ireland , ia prejudicial to the beat interests of tbe country , impolitic In principle , and iniquitous in practice . ? ' That such of the Irish Clercy anrt lai * : y as are promoters of this unprincipled scheme ore , to a man ,
professed Repealers and patrons of native manufacture ; yet the means they here propose ( for propelling the measure of Repeal is to transport Irish Catholics and sincere Repealers to a foreign and inclement clime , where certain death awaits them ; , ' and tbe mode in which they here propose to encourage domestic manufacture is , to export our labourers and attains , in order to make them—to use tbe very words of the fourth and sixth propositions of their prospectus— " uiotst profitable to tbe British nation by becoming extensive con-Burners of British manufactures !!! " ;
" Patrick O'Higgins , President . W . H . Dyot-e , Secretary . " Mr . Woodward was called to the chair , and the usual vote of thanks were voted to Mr . Dunne . A stranger who was present subscribed liberally toward ? the cxpence of the petition . He said , that although he knew that the Association was right , yet he had not made up his mind to join it ; but he would defend its principles anywhere . Nottingham . —At a publicj meeting , held in Rice-place , Cbapel , on Monday evening , Mr . R . T . Morrison in the chair , a petition in reference to the
strifee disturbance was adopted , and ! advised to be foxwarded to Mr . Dunconibe for presentation . The following resolutions were also unanimously passed : — " That tbis meeting returns its thanks to Mr . Roberts for his valuable services , and to F . O'Connor , Esq ., and the rest of the defendants at Lancaster ( Cartledge excepted ) for their noble and uncompromising advocacy ortbe people ' s rights daring their trials . " " That the best thanks of this meeting ate due , and axe hereby tenc > ed to our worthy Chairman for his impartial conduct in the , chair , and for the great exertions which be continually makes in out cause . " '
LOU 6 RBOR 9 V 6 B . —The Repeal gentry have had 9 famous thrashing here ia the Theatre . Oue of their cr&ck lecturers , a Mi . Clark , was handled by Mr . Skevington ? ' to bis heart ' s content , and something more . " -. ' .
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^ A ^^ y ^^ LM ^ , ^^ A ^/ f 4 ^ f > j //^ cjn ^ aooU / f KEWCASTta—Mf . Bropby lectured in the Chartists' Hall , Goat Inn , oa Sund&y evening , with good effect : after which several names were enrolled . A Delegate Meeting of the coal-miners of tht Tyne was held ia the Half Moon Inn , Byber , on Monday last . Having elected a chairman and eecratary , pro tern , the minutes of the previous District Delegate Meeting were read and confirmed . The delegates proceeded to give an account of the progress of their society since last delegate meeting , which was very flattering
indeed , and showed that the day was not far distant when the miserably-oppressed pitmen would be iVIy able to take their own cause , effectually , into their own hands . It was lamentable to heat the delegates reports , the innumerable acts of tyranny exerciss ' . by the coal-lords against the colliers in the various collieries—all of them reducing the prices below aUrvation point— manyof them discharge menforno other fault than using their tffbrts to farther the interests of thoir society—and several to whom the tyrannic&lslsve-drtvera were compelled , to give a good character as honsst , sober , and good workmen , were discharged because they committed the most heinous crime of reading that poisonous journal , the Northern Star , — stating tha * so long as the men were allowed to read that lying journal the masters would never be able to have tlue
Influence over tneit men : and this being inserted in their certificate of character prevents them being employed there or any place else . There was a goodly number of delegates present , amongst whom we recognised delegates from the following collieries , viz .: — Kenton , St . Lawrence , Segtaill , East Cramlington , Walker , King Pit ( Wreckingten ) , West Cramlintoo , Sberriff Hill , Pemt 3 iton , West Moor , beside * several others whose constituencies we could not '' learn . A great deal of local business transpired , whieh tras agreeably stamped with perfect unanimity : each resolution , being first ably discussed pro and con ., was unanimor . ; ly agreed to . If tn « ix tyrannical drivers bad seen tbe biwinesa-like manner in which everything was-brought forward and discussed , —whether they attributed it 60 their frequent reading the Northern Star , or to whatever other canse , —it would make them tremble .
Another distkict Delegate Meeting was faeld at Sbincliff Mill Top , at the same time . It was unanimously agreed that the meeting should adjourn uh ' . H Saturday , April 1 st , when it would be resumed in the above place , ( Half Moon Inn , Byker . j at ten o ' cleck in the forenoon of that day , unless the delegates ai Shincliffo should determine to hold a general delegate meeting on the same day , of Which timely notict will be given ; they then separated , each delegate expressing his determination to do all that lay in one man ' s power to further tke cause for which they had met . Savcral g ums were paid for the bane&t of the Scotch ooliievs ^ besides sum's to an incredible amount , considering the condition of the contributors , towards . the general fund . The lls . 6 d . reported in last week's Star , to have been paid from Elmor , should be East Cxamlington and Sheriff Mill , instead of Sheffield .
XiONPON . —Walwobth . —The cause is " on its legs again" hare . An apathy had overtaken the Chartists of this locality , but they have again aroused . A fresh enrolment was made on Monday evening , and things promise well . Public meetings will hereafter be holden weekly at the Montpeiior Tavern , on Monday evenings . BIRMINGHAM COTOCIL MeSTIXQ . —The Council held its usual weekly meeting , at the Afihton-street room , on Monday last . A large number of the members were present . After the collections , were handed in , a debate ensued about issuing cards , of ihe Birmingham Charter Association , aa it was disputed whether the National
cards could be legally circulated among the members of the local body . * The question aft ^ r considerable discussion , was deferred for further debate . It was then resolved to hold a Conference of all the members on Monday next , March 27 th . at the Black Horse Inn , Prospect-row , at seven o ' clock in the evening , when it is to be hoped there will be a full attendance . The prospects of the body are every week becoming more promising . A short time and it will be one of the most powerful democratic bodies in the country . * The . National cards may be legally circulated among the members of the locality ; outjmust not be regarded as tests ot membership for them . —
Ed . N . S : Mb . White delivered a long address 011 the present state of the working classes , in the Aston-street Room , on Sunday evening . The meeting-room was well attended . Mr . Mead in the chair . The members of the council are specially to meet at the council-room , on Sunday afternoon , at three o ' clock . White's Trial . —As Mr . White ' s trial will take place in the course of a few days . It ia the inteution of a number of his friends to have a-suppor in honour of that gentleman , previous to his departure for Warwick . The cumber of tickets will , be Unuted , and may be had at the Harp Inn , Steelhouse-lane , and Mr . J . Fallows , Monmouthstreet .
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London . —Mr . Goodwyn Barmby will lecture on Sunday evening next , at the Hall , Turnagain-lane . Skinner-street . Mr . Fuss ell will lecture , on Monday evening , ai the Southern Literary Institution , ( late Rotunda J Blackfriars-road . The General Confebence Committee and the Delegates to the Birmingham Conference are requested to meet on Friday evening next , at the Crown and Anchor , corner of Bear Alley Farringdon-street . A Public Meeting will be held on Tuesday evening next ,. » t the Hall of the National Association , Holborn , to adopt the National Remonstrance . Chair to be taken at eight o ' clock . MAaTLFBONB . —Mr . Cameroc will lecture at Mr . Savage ' s , Circas-street , ou Sunday next , at haif-past seven in - the evening .
Paddijjgton . —Mr . John Wstkins will lecture to the Charter "Coffee House , Edgoware-road , on Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock . Chartist Carvers and Gilders , Mr . Bailey's , 42 , New Compum-street , Soho . On Monday evening next , Mr . Skeltoa will lecture on the following subject : — " Man—his rights—what are they ? " Members and tho public are respectfully invited to attend . Camberwell Chartists will meet as usual at the Cock Inn , March 27 , to hear Mr . J . Sewell deliver a lecture upon the principles of Republicanism . Other business of great importance will be brought before the meeting , involving the interest of the whole Chartist body , especially the Camberwell members .
Limehouse . —A lecture will be delivered at the School Room , late Zioa Chapel , Rope-makers ' Fields , Limehouse , on Tuesday evening next . ' St . Pancras . —Mr . M'Grath will lecture on ^ Monday next , March 27 rh , at Mr . Tillman ' s Coffee-house , 59 , Tottenham-court-road , the ehair to be taken at eight o ' clock precisely . Warrinoton . —Mrs . Wilkinson will deliver a lecture on Tectotalism , on Wednesday evening next , at eight o ' clock , in the Chartist Room , Bank-street .
Southward Tea Party and Ball Committee . — The members of the above committee are requested to meet the secretary at the Black Eagle ,, Parishsireet , Horseleydowu , Southwark , at seven o ' clock on Sunday evening , 26 th March , for a , final settlement of its affairs . A balance sheet will be pub * lislied for the satisfaction of the public . PADiHAM .- ' -Oa Sunday next , Mr . Isaac Barrow , of Bolton , will deliver two sermons , in the Chartist Association Room , Padiham , when collections will be made in aid of the Defence Fund .
Keighlky . —The next Delegate Meeting of thia district will be holden in the Working Man ' s Hall , Sun-t > ireet , Keighlby , on Sunday , the 2 nd April , at ten o ' clock in the forenoon . Bolton . —Mr . Peter Rigby will lecture in the Cnavter Association Room , on Sunday next , ( tomorrow , ) at six o'clock in the evening . Nottingham . —The committee for establishing a Working Man ' s Hall will meet delegates from the various localities in Nottingham , on Monday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Peacock Inn . —A series or experiments , illustrative of the science of Phreno-Magnetisro ,. will take place at the Democratic Chapel , Rice-placy ; tbe proceeds to bo given to the Dttfenoe Fund .
Birmingham . —Tke monthly conference of the Chartists of Birmingham will be held at the Black Horse Inn , Proapect-row , on Monday next ; the 27 th in 8 t ., at seven o'clock in the evening . Thero vvjII also be a grand ball and miscellaneous concert , to aid Mr , G . White's defence , on Tuesday , the ' 23 th , at the Royal Oak , Little Charles-streeV ; tickets sixpence each ., Manchester .- Cropper-Street . —Mr . i . a& . Renshaw C * opt r will lecture here on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock ; " On the Principle of Cooperation . " '
Wednesbury . —Monday next , Match 27 th , is the day appointed for the assembling of the good and true of South Staffordshire , to commemorate the laying the first brick of the People ' s Hall . Messrs . Cooper , O'Niel , Mason , and others , are invited to attend on that occasion ., ; ,: Ma . West will visit Swadliricote on Sunday , the 26 th ; BurtoB , on Monday the 27 th : Leicesteron Tuesday the 28 th ; Sheepghead , o n ^^ Thursday the 30 tb ; Lougtborough , on Friday the 3 lstinst . land at Nottingham on Sunday ^ April 1 st , ; Sutton-in-Ashfield , on Monday the 2 * id ; Sheffield , oa Tuesday ; and Maccl ? aneid , on Thursday the 4 th . RocHDALE . ^ -Oh Sunday next , March 2601 * , -Mr . James Mills , * of WhiiworJb , will deliver ( iwo . adj dresses in the Chartist Association Room , at ^ thia place ; one at half-pa&t two o ' clock in thfrafteraoon , the other at &ix in the evening . ' . ' / . V ' Heading —Ruffy Ridley will lecture on Wednes day , at Readfui ; .
To The Imperial Chast3sts.
TO THE IMPERIAL CHAST 3 STS .
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IN THE PRESS AND SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED , A VERBATIM REPORT OF THE RECENT TRIALS OP FEARGUS O ' CONNOR AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , ' FOR RIOT , SEDITION , TUMULT , AND CONSPIRACY . rpHE above Work will be Published in Weekly Numbers of 64 Pages of Royal Ootavo , Edited by JL FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., JBarrister-at-Lawj and to which will be added A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE CAUSES OF THE DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST , With Notes upon the Trial j also a Dedication to Bai-on ROLPB . A SPLENDID PORTRAIT OF THE JUST JUDGE WHO PRESIDED , WILL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LA . ST NUMBER ( GRATIS ; To those who have been Subscribers to the Work . ^ The Portrait will be Executed , with a view to its being placed as a Frontispiece , and when completed , which will be in about four Numbers ; the whole will make a valuable work . Price 7 d . a Number , in a wrapper , The Portrait gratis . SaWcribera and Agents are requested , to . jjive their Orders to Cleave , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet-Street , London ; HBTweon , 60 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; and Hobsok . Northern-Star Office ; Market Street , Leeds . < The first Number will be Published on Monday , 27 th March , and the subsequent Numbers will be Published Weekly . — . I— ,-.- i ^ m , _^_ . . _ ' ¦
Cfwritet Emeluger.Ee
Cfwritet EmelUger . ee
Midland Circuit.—Derby.
MIDLAND CIRCUIT . —DERBY .
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^^^^^^ - - S - < C " 'Xv * ¦ » ¦ AM ) # _ EE 3 ) £ -GlHEjAL ADVERTISER .
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, TOL- TI- M 380 . MfflRPlY , MARjjj ; 25 , 1843 . TO , £ 5 S ! Egjfa £ * ~ 1 - ¦ •¦ " ¦ ¦¦'' ¦ j
_ , . . Verbatim Report Of The Chartist Trials At Lancaster.
_ , . . VERBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 25, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct474/page/1/
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