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#ortf)comms C^arttet ^Sfcrttugg.
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DEATHS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE FACTORIES BILL . . : { Coitd * de& from our eigteh page . ) . -gjnore the difficulties that were in the way of trade , sa ** then ^ them to discuss tbe question ^ ihe humanity footing . It was true as regarded vjmsaf a » an indmdual thai be was willing to make j et meessiw . s , and be was quite wilting that the bill j i-. nld be brought down to eleven hours—( heaT)— ] ? r ! he wished to separate himself as an individual j ^ I jj fifis occasion as he was sent to th ? meeting as j t * TppBafIoa to oppose tbe Bill before Parliament ; I jL bid TtO coubt mauj of those who sent him wonld j Zasa in aa EltrTec Hours Bill , bnt there were i fliers who would cot . With regard to the relay j pSeic , he wonld remark that it was a favourite j ejnaa ' of Mr . Horner , and that part of the Bill j eoEuecwd wiih education had been framed to meet j iHi 5 T £ . tia . It ihey passed that Bill in it ? present ) to the ^
cfess ^ e shape Lhs ? enters , they would not Vive one child under thirteen years of age in auy j -jfls conducted by Dissenters—( hear . ) - j Mr . Ra- » said bis sincere desire was that thej ; jsijh : a > 5- poofiibie concur in a design for a T * etorj Bi * ; l ; he believed that the hearty ce opera tioB of lie f » e : ory makers was essential to the carrj icg oct of try Bill upon the qu su ' on . He was a $ deeply cccrinced now as when first he entered the rocm on tbe preceding day that Ten Hoars was as jBnch a = yonn £ persons cnght to work ; a ; the same jju ^ j > ie ir * f aware ihst the sudden change of from Twelve to Tes Hours vas a serious change ; he was deeply aware of thar , and he had no desire to disturb esa ' -iag arrangements , but he could not consent
to sEpp ° rt * perpetual Bill for more tban Ten Boors . He be'isved unless ibf-y came to a Ten Boars Bl-1 eventually , agitaton would cot : inue , and thf re would be no settlement of the quesiionenter : ain ~ ; ng that option , but being no friend to sadden changes , he wonld rather , as was said in icoiher place , throw down the oliTe branch cf peace , and with an attempt to reconcile all parties , he wc-a ' - d prefer that a Bill should be introduced to Parliament restricting the hours of labour to Eiev-.-n Hours a day for iwojesrs , providing that-in October 1845 , Tea Hours should be adopted . Wjih regard ' to foreign competition , respecting which eo nsnch had been said by parties opposing the nmiiation which he fought for , let him for a momcir
d » w iheir siteurion to a beautiful remark occurring ^ iriig a recent aebate in the House of Common . * , jnd which he wished to brii-g to bear upon this wr tof tbe Question ; it fell from the lips o . oae who it *; c « rfir&i * 3 of a wider system cf commercial policy : ¦ iet foreign nations less enlightened in commercial Brliject 5 ihan themselves , shape their taxifta as they choose—it did not become this great commercial oonatry to regulate her arrangements in conform : . y with tt-ijr mistaken ones . It was the duty , aad irciild be found to be the interest of England , to set an example to other countries . Let her tnke her g » sd on principle , and exhibit to the world ihe glarioTis spectacle ef a nation determined to do what was right , let other countries do what they may . " Mr . Bbook said he was about to propose a
resolution , bnt after the remarks of Mr . Rand heth ought he shonld desist . He wss sot insensible to the recom-BBsdav . ra of Sir G . S . nckland and Mr . Hin-iley that eoro-sions should be made , and he should hav .-been hippy fw 'be sake of unanimiiy to have accepted a Bill of eleven hours , bu ; if it were to T > e saddled wi ^ jwosdition that a * s certain day ten hows sbonJppe the law of tbe land , he would have nothing to 06 with it . If it had been to settle the ( jtesBonhe was for cod cession ; if not , he would act upc * principle . Mr . HiSDLZT , MJ \ , hoped Mr . Rand would with dnw the&ivei part ofhia resolution ; sufficient nmo the jear was the legislation thereof . Wnen they had seen how an EleTen Hours' Bill worked , they night try a Ten , bus now as they were so near a eomproidse he did hope they should hare one—{ hear , hear ) .
Mr . lUrosiid his only desire was to do what was just to the working-classes , and put an end to all agitation , and he considered they never should sueeeed in that till they did what was jost —( hear ,
hear . ) Mz . FiELDX >" , iL P ., Oldhara , said his epinisna vere so well known opon the Ten Hours BUI- tbv . it vm sot necessary for him to take up nroeh time . Evei asee be bad laboured in a factory , be bad always contended that ten hoars labour was as much as any bmnan being , either child or adult , abonld be required to perform . Hia opinion remained unchanged , and in order to know the feeling of those who came from the ttnmtry . be thought the best course would be to take the Mints of thirst who w-sre far a ten , tho * fc woo were for an eleven , aad those who were for no alteration at all ; bnt be woulri say let no party commit himself by « 3 Bctiocir . g any one of these terms of labour , so as not to be free to act as he thought ri * bt for thefntnre . As
Mr . Seaworthy had been referred to , he might say that HtK . was an extensive manufacturer at Blackburn , « feo had taken a deep interest in this question : he vu a geotltin&ii employing an immense number of bands , he had been brought up in a factory eTer Binc = he » u eii&t years old , and be understood facvoiy labour is all its departments , and he bad always rc-eonimaiieda ten hour * bQi . He iilr . Fielden ) had written totim . asking him what his opinion waa of the pr ? sect Paeory Bi& , and he expressed himself as strongly oppcmtA to tbe system o ! relays contemplated by tb ° bill Bpoo tbe table in the House of Ccmmona . S x hunrs liboorie thought would not offer sufficient inducement tot fee employment of the children , and he was in favonr of a urdferm time of labour for all persons from ten to tw = Bty-one years of ajfe . a&d that should be limited to ten honrs a day . iThe hon . gentleman then read a fetter from Mr . Kenworthy , dated Blackborn , May 6 , 1843 , wherein that senUem&n recapitulated the
sentiuentsirhJch the honourable member had just ascribed to him ) He might state that Mr . Ken worthy ' s factory * ai rot of a hifh temperature . His spinning * m aboot ST » cr 40 a . He thought it would not be amiss to read » extract or two from Mr . Kenwortfcy " B Utter to master cott n spinners , which was well worthy ttt atie-tkn and consideration of factory rEMtera ( Tbe honourable fentkman then read the follow-BMf passages from Mr . K ? nworthy " a pamphlet : — "Tbe digsrence of J i . per Ib on yam , or one farthing jwjard tm eloth , is tbe muhty difficulty that wv have tooTereome , in order to afford to our factory bands that respite from physical toil which is so imperatively deoiaaded , and to ssye our country from ruin by foreien conjpetitian ! Ho » abominably absard and inconsistent it is thai the sugaring thousands , who hare so often tailed and patiently waited for the redress of their grievances , should have their Baiseries protracted , under the delnrite action of the dangers arising from foreign competition I Are we ao near rain that an advance of
**< fviking per yard on our cotton cloth would irre-Twaiij seal our fate ? If so , how important an * lem « -nt of national prosperity is the labour of these poor people I Ho » praiseworthy is their exemplary parieBce nnd ' . r &fiir eonpli « it « d nSenmrs . ' Bat , we are all conscious # . aad daily experience , fi ^ ctuatiocs in oar cotton and cbifc markrts ; and these often make a ranch sreater diffsreace in the cost of goods than that to » bkh we have already adverud , as consequent cP ° b a reduction in the period of labour . — 2 bese fluctuations may be caused by speculation *—by ksiucms reports respecting the cotton crops—> Ed by many ether combinations of circaaistanc * 8 : SSU , no : a word is said about being ruine-i by forfcixn eompetition on these Recount * . We have seen that the
»» kuif of shorter time would increase , to » ctrtain Eaittd extent , the cost of manufactured goods . All e-maifirc . al mtn know , bowser , that the cos : of an riiele bss nothing to do with what it »* lls for . Tbe ¦^ = 2 prict is r > gulst * d by the amount of supply and ^ niiEd ; and as the supply is lessened , the dfcmsx . d rBffi 2 iEiB § the rame , goods will necessarily advice in vtint : r , if the price does not advance , a roirieted wppiy prtvents a farther declension , and tfcer .. by > 6 aa ** tLe naaitera from greater loss , and the work-PsopJe frora greater suffering . ' But , * it may be "' ked , ' Cinld masters obain an sivance eqaivakB * to the stated difference in the cos : of J * ^ etare ? If not , they wonld Tery soon « rniard , teeing that they are losics already . >» e tffihtsits . Ungly ans-wer in tbe affirmative ; ¦ ¦
*"• a » a reason for thus repyuif to tbe q ** - Bon ¦ » € -would rtfer to tbe temporary adv . iaceii ; tfe-^ Jce of iv&s , aT 1 ( i yarns whieh wbj th « effect of Xhs ** te ton-oat If -we only le * the hours of labour de-Oa aathe powers of invention and production ii < - Oea * e shall obtain better prices for our goods , as ?* -J a » to be the instrumeats in the hand * of Divine Lf ^ daiee , of dUtribntinj happiness on every hand . J ** . and not till then , will inventions become what ^ 7 oagat to be—blessings to the land . " Those sPffii £ « a most eordially agreed with his own . He never l *^ » ee the force of the arfmnenti raiaed agatcs ^ the *» Hours Bill on account of foreign competition . He *** oiten inquired -what foreign competition was , and —J ^ i H -was this : m anufactures here were being Q P ° Red to snch an extent , machinery wa » so much i » - ? 0 Tfcd . and Brodnction foUowed in the same ratio .
~** in feTtry market in the world their prodact-ors £ * " o ^ . not by the competition of the French , not wJr * P etitio ^ of foreigners , but of the Tery men 3 ™ , ¦ Grounded them , and amongrt whom they ££ « -that ¦» & , fyreign competition—( hear , heari-^^ they h ^ d the means of averting it : ^ uiea rtduce the period of labour , « k 1 they would * r \ t * at t ^ ey -would j * dnce the quantity ef goods so T ** , that there voald be a mnch better market for " «*¦ He haa tried to ascertain what waa the differ-~** J * we : between twelve aad tan boors in his own rr ^ aeore , aid he found that it would not coot tie w aan a penny more to get a Ebirt , net thxeehalf £ = « aore to get a fustian jacket , and not one penny Zr ~ fctaiBgs more to get a gown piece , if the hours ?» JMBced tnm « ixty-nine to fifty-eight ntxt tset * j £ ?* ' , ° f !* t- ) AxA was the eonsnmer te be found in ^» m tha t wooidnot support the Ten Hours' BiU at I ™ > « M freely t « t the fiirTr > r *> nce « of nriee ?—( hear .
toT « *? " tb 8 fac ! » " ** he WM therefore wiliin ? to . J ? aftT - « 5 Sbt bours at once ; n-: y , he w .-j willii g ^ f to fotty-eigbt : let tim give a proper factory bill , * ne would uke care to limit the bours to forty-^* £ * uw then be -would educate the people ; but with * bich > ** Bili there ccrald not ** *""* fcd 11 ^ 15011 ' fit tt * " ¦ * be duty of factory masters to promote tfcjL ^ ^ e tbe miLowners Ij loo * , at the icprru v ! » V . c ^ f . * 017 mBPectora , and see what -was tV . eis sai-i b ^ f » ^ " ^ T- Ervok said there had been no enquiry ^• - ¦ - ^ Factory Bill pa ^ i .
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Mr . Brook said he had rewi there was no prorer information . Mr . Fielben continued . Why , previous to the 1 » s > : ds of the bill a factory commission issued , which called upon every manufacturer in Yorkshire and Laocaaiiire , and theii report made tbe manufacturers appear more odious eve » than tfeey -were represented before Mr . Saddlei ' 8 committee . The stain of that report still remained npon tbe manufacturers . Every report made by tbe Factory Inspectors eir . ee 1833 was full of charges against the masters ; he felt there was a sti « ma attached to th « masters -which they oueht to get rid of , but which they could only do by giving tbe people a really efficient ten hoars bilL He would tell them what tbe Inspectors Eaid of the manufacturers .
The Chairma > thcucht as it was probable the gentlemen present were dt-sirous of confining tbe bnsiness to a moderate length , that the Hon . Gentleman should confine himself to the question of the hours , which was t || U > nictieal question befors the meeting . ^ mx- Fielden mnst make a few remarks npon that sutj-ct , btcause he thought it was important thst tbe manufacturers sfcould know what was B » irt of tb « n in tbe Honsfe of Commons . In the first report of the Inspecters it was stated that children and yonng persons ¦ npre r . ol protected . Mr . ST ^ SSFIELP , M . P ., understood that they hsd tntt to hear the opinions of millowners : he thonsbt Members of Parlisnn nt should not express their sentiments , but listen to the opinions of the millowners . Mr . HaEdt , M P ., remarked that the Hon . Gentlewan forgot Mr Fielden was a millowncr—( hear , bear ) .
Mr . Fjeldes submitted that he , as a millowner , had as much mht to speak as any millowner present . He employed as mscy bands , perhaps , as any master in Manchester—ibear , bean . Mr . Rickards , speaking of the relay system , gave it as his opinion that the limitation of one c ! ass of children to a certain number of hours , and of another cl ? ss to a different number of hours in the same mill , cuuld never be put ' n force by lest ] means : evasion was so easy , and detection so difficult , compared -with the rriv&te interest adverse to it ; bat he actded tfnt protection for the cbiMren was necesswy to prevent the avarice of masters and the stimulus cf high ¦ wazes from working thousands to de * h ; and he said there were millowners who must bo i * strain € i ! . Mr . Homer , Mr . Sounders , and other inspectors , concurred in these se . timenta . Mr . Morris submitted that the Meting did not ¦ trfsb to hfar a repetition of what the Hictory Inspectors bad already given to the world .
Mt . yiELDE }; , continued . —There was another thing menuoct-vi . - » iih rcsppct to training up the children to LaMts of fjisthfod . It was stated that when asked their age— " soing of fourteen , " or " past thirteen" was the reai ' y answer , always ? ivpn . He ( Mr . Fielden ) did say tb . 3 * the sys » r-m ofrelcys iud tbe children into the habit of tei ' Krn ; fal « ebeod » and waa calculated to destroy all mini f-. t-iing . They could never rest till thty got a u-iform Bill ai : d if they had thnt he would n Jt envy the fcriiDgs of any man who coaid ask the people to w » rk more than ten hoars a day . ( Hear . ) Rather than see the poor people subject to fourteen hours a day , factory labcur such as it was , he would sink tbe factories into tbe sea . But be did not believe that was necessary if m ? -. ters"wou d only be reconciled to what ) was reasonable ; and he was sure nine-tenths of tbe people of this coun ' ry would say that ten hours labour wai quite enough iHear , hear . )
Mr . Feilde . n , M . P , for Blackburn , had received no in ? trnetions trom &ny party as to the cause to pursue in this debate . He believed in his neighbourhood there »« a difference of opinion a ? to whether the BUI shoal 3 he for ten or eleven hours . He had had some resolutions sent to him agreed to at a public meeting which he believed , however , txpressed the sentiment of the town generally . His own opinion was that eleven hours would be more desirable than twelve , and if it were found after -working eleven hours for several years , that a shorter period would be desirable he should say thentry a Ten Hours BilL
Mr . Thomas Plist , of Leeds , said he thought that fhe majority of the mill-owners in Leeds were in favour of an Eleven Hours Bill , ( hear , hear , ) and were of opinion that to diminish the hoars to ten would be to injare labour . He differed from Mr . Fielden in bis political economy , anl in bis views relative to Binking all factories to the bottom of the sea if they could not carry an EUven Hours Bill . Mr . Fielden had spoken of the d fftrer . ee in the cost of a shirt being Id ., a jaekfci 1 ^* 1 ., and a gown lfi-, if tbe mills were worked ttn hours instead of twelve ; it appeared to him i > Ir . Pliut : that if he reduced his time of labour from twelve to e l even ha lost one-twelfth of his profit , and if he
reduced it to ten he Io 3 t one-sixth ; and when be considered ttat they had to compete with foreigners , he thought that was a great Joss . He claimed to be as humane & 3 Mr . Fielden when be said that an Eleven H ' . urs Bill wonld be safe and beneficial to the country . Bat the question of humanity mixed itself up with the question of finance , and they could not separate them . He believed Mr . FiuJden at one time maintained that though some mills worked loiig hours , others might w ^ rk ~ short , and be believed he had tried it by reducing his hoars , but be afterwards gave it np . finding that tbe financial question pinched tim . Gentlemen must separate tbe politica-nnaDcial and the humanity question .
Mr . Morris said by the present system of relays they tock children at eight years of aye , and from that & ; e up to thirteen they worked six hours ; becontended tfcst they were much better employed in that way than in running about the streets ; tbe remaining six hours they -wtre in school ; i > o children could stand a better cbaaee of receiving a cood education than snch as those . By tbe proposed Bill they would take a child at ten years of age and make him work ten hours : he maintained that the system of relays was more consistent with bnmanity tnan either a Ten or EieveD Hours Bill . He , as a practical man , would ay he had found no inconvenience at all from working relays of six hours . If children were taoght mendacity in the ci 3 e of relays they might be equally taught it in the other case , to say ti-ey -were ten years old when they were not . He reckoned that by reducing the hours from twelve to ten , with a mill of 40 horse power , he should Jose £ 4 , 500
per annum . General Johksok , M . P ., said that in no agricultural district < ii > i tbe labourer -work more than from six in tbe morning t « ll six at nieht . with half an hour for breakfast and a ^ i hour f » r dinner , and h » did not see why they should work loDger in tbe factoriea The wishes of those employed wore , he beiieved , to have an Eleven Hours Bill , and there was a great number of eentlemen prewtr . t who would agree to an Eleven Hours Bill ; tbc-re -Tere likewise a jfreat many who wouH agree to a Ten Hnnrs Eill , fee thought then they ought to
compromise tbe matter by accepting . Mr . Walker ' s proposition for a Ten and a Ha f Hours BilL If the matter came before Parliament , he Ge : « ral Johnson ) ahould vote for a Ten Hours Bill , because he thought that was tbe pmper thine , bnt if they would asree to a Tun and a Half Hours B . H it would satisfy all classes lb « -ar . ) He knew th > -re wa » bnt one opinion amongot tbfe operatict-s , and VutX was that tea hours was plenty fjr them . As tr . ^ re wtre so many gentlemen present , he thought it de-iira ^ Je that that t hey shonld come to some ^ tfirnte
conclusion-Mr . Johmos . cf Derby , said he was expressing the opinion of those in his neighbourhood when he said that notb : n « could be mor * Utopian than to imagine that relays of children from eight to thirteen years of age wonld ever succeed in the silk department Frem tbe fine nature of tbe article and its great cost , if they should put unskilled labour with skilled labour , it would be impossib . e to produce fcuch an article as would enable them to compete with foreigners . It was an undeniable fact that at present tbe silk masters had no protection whatever . Tbe duty upon Italian thrown silk formerly was Hi a lb . ; shortly after it was lowered to 7 s ; it had since been reduced to 5 <; again to 3 s . 6 d . ; and under tbe tariff of last year to Is . The Italians themselves placed a duty of 8 d . upon the raw silk , and de
nothing npon tbe thrown silk , and if that were - ducted from the Is . it made the protection only ab « nt id . Tbe English people then , with that amonnt of protection had to compete with the French , tbe Italians , and other people , and be apprehended that if they were fettered by farther legislative enactments , they would be crippled in a dreaofal degree . He bad no doubt that the principal competitor that existed -was amongst our own manufacturers , anri he was not surprised at that , ¦ when he considered that Ed ? Land exported more of her Koods than all other nations in tbe world put together . The CBXixyum said geDtlemen mi « bt now think perhaps aiier the lengthened discussion that had taken place upon tbe subject , that it would be as well for him to call their attention to tbe possibility of coming to some dean-It , conclusion— ( hear , hear . ) There appeared to him to be two or three ways iB wtich that miijht be doae . There was a certain number of factory masters and members of Parliament present , and as the latter
weuld have to vote npon this matter in tee House of Commons , he thought they should not vote at that meeting— ( hear , hear )—bat with respect to tbe remainder of tbe meeting , composed of their constituents , to whose opinions they were willing to pay the utmost rwpect , he thought it was desirable that they should make something like an expression of opinion . Mr . RiDd , who bad bt-en the moit active agent in calling the meeting together , bad placed a resolution in his hand , and another gentleman , who had expressed himself in favour of an Eleven Hours Bill , bad also asked him to snbmit a resolution ; of course , if the meeting cfioose , those resolution * could be pnt to them ; and there was another method which occurred to him , which was to rule a number of columns on a sheet « f paper , heading them with the different propositions which had been submitted to the meeting , ao that every gentleman might insert hij name under the heading which expressed his own Tiews .
Mr . Bijidlkt , M . P ., quite agreed In the observation of the Cnamnan that Members of Parliament should x » t toue- He thought the meeting should endeavorto concentrate their views in favour of one fixed principle so that Mr . 8 : oart Wortley might 1 » able to tell Sir James 8 rafeam and tbe Government that he was authorsed to say , that at a meeting of factory masters , so and so was agreed upon , and that a BUI with certain provisionf wr-uld bs satisfactory to them . Ir they could da that , he vonid say that they had accomplished a ro-st in . portan : object ( Hear , hear . ) Mr MiLNSvr . shfid to know what ages were proposed ff-r the u £ trt . Et hours . Tbt Chaiska > eaH >' - was proposed sleven for elt-vtn hours and Wn fui ten Qoura ,
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Mr . Mjljve then proposed that the last p ! an mentioned by the Chairman for taking the sense of the meeting should be adopted . Mr . Bbook opposed that ; their opinions , if net aninimous , would have no weight with tbe Government ,- and It thf y could not aeree to something specific , he for one would not sign at alL He was wllliDg to sien for an Eleven Hours Bill in the sDirit of
con-. Mr ALDam , M . P ., proposed a resolution to the effect that the limitation of the hours of labour for persons under the nge of eighteen to eleven boars a day would be & desirable arrangement . Mr . Hindley , M . P ., remarked that that was precisely in accordance with a very numerously-signed petition which he received the other day from Bolton . The sense of the meeting was not taken upon it . Mr . Rand proposed "That the manufacturers here assembled unite in opinion that the syBtem of relays proposed by the Bill is highly objectionable ; that the conditions attached to their employment are so irksome that masters vill not employ them . ' The Chairman put this resolution to tbe meeting , -when thirteen bands were held up In favour cf , and three in opposition to it Carried .
Mr . RaND then proposed Tbat no valuable moral result * can be obtained , nor domuBiic duties be properly performed , with a duration of Inbuur extending to twelve hours daily labour , exclusive of meals . " This was also pot to tbe meeting , when there appeared nine for it , and one against it Carried . Mr . Rand rext proposed' " That the lat inr in mills be uniform and reduced to within reasonable limits , so as to accomplish these desirable objects . " This was pnt to the meeting , and also carried , the majority being eleven to one . Mr . Morris propoced that young persons between the age of eleven and eighteen should work only eleven hours a day . Upon this being pat to the meeting there appeared six for und six against it . The motion therefore fell to the ground .
Mr . Ra > D next proposed " That the age of admission into the mills sbonld bo ten years , and that the period of twelve hours mentioned in the Bill should include the time for meals . " Mr . Brook objected to this resolution bfing put , as several gent . ' emen h td left the roem sinci voting upon the last resolution ; he protested against it , and should not vote himself . It wss however pnt to tbe meeting , and carried by a majority of five to three . Mr . Kay then moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Stuart Wortley , M . P ., for his kindness in presiding , and for the patience he had shewn , aad the attention he bad paid , to tha business of the meeting . Mr . Hindly , M P ., seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Stuart Wortley briefly acknowledged the honour , and tbe meeting separa'ed .
We should observe tbat a g > eat many pentlemen ¦ who were present did not vote upon any of the resolutions .
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Suspicions Soup . —On Monday forenoon last , two labourers made application to Mr . Superintendant Sawley , to bring the following curious occurrence before the notice ot the magistrates : —It appeared that the two men , whose namec are Henry Lowihcr and John Taylor , went into Gc-ntel ' s eating-bouse , Victoria-street , near the Old Caurch , on Sunday last , and there had something to eat . They theu called for a basin of broth , which was brought them , and which they began to eat . One of them remarked , that the broth had rather an unwholesome smell , but they both agreed as to the taste
being very good . Under this impression they continued at their meal , and the broth was by degrees disappearing , when one of the men fell in with a strange bony substance , which prored upon examina : ion to be a human nail . It wap shown to several surgeons , who all agreed in declaring it to be the nail of a human b ? ing . From the flizs and general appearance , it would appear to be a toe nail . The two men appeared at the Borough Court , on Mondav , before Alderman Sir T . Potter , and T . Townend , E-q ,, when the above statement was given . The magistrates said , it was a case in which they could do nothing , but advise the men to dine elsewhere . —Manchester Guardian .
Turn out of Colliers . —The colliers in the employ of Mr . Sparrow , at Longtot ! , have again turned out , in consequence of a . proposed reduction of wages . The men having received the ufusI fourteen days ' notice of the intended drop , the time expired on Saturday So ' nuight ., when they all ceased labour , and are now out . Tno number who have turned out , including boys , is about 250 . The reduction is at the rate of 3 d . per day on es . ch man ' s earnings . A large meeting of colliers waB htld in the Town Hall , Longton , on Monday evening , in ieierence to the etrike . A number of resolutions were passed , in which they determined to resist by all lawful means the reduction of their wages , and called upon the colliers in employ , and the public in general , to assist them ; at the same time pledging themselves not to commit or countenance any breach of the peace . —Birmingham Gazette .
Prison Allowance . —During the past week two prisoners died in ibe gaol ai Brixton , aud UDdor the act ot Parliament it was compulsory on Mr . CariT , the coroner for Surrey , to institute an inquiry respecting the causes of their deathp , which was gone into in the receiving-room of tbe prison . William Henry Buxton , sued ^ ixty-one , upon whom an inquest was held , was well known throughout England as the champion quoit player , whom , from his immense strength and skill , none eould successfully compete with . Coan ^ cied with highly respectab ] e families , he was in farly life possessed of au ample independence , which was soon wasted . His skill , however , in ail sporting matters insured him a good living , and his deportment and manners were
an introduction to every company . At the February Surrey pessions hia as .-ociations iuvolved him in a case of felony , and he was sentenced to six months ' imprisonment at Brixton . When taken to tha pricou he was in excellent health , but the early part of this month he waB attacked with inflammation of the luDgs . He was then admitted into the infirmary , and under the surgeon , Mr . Gardner , he was perfectly cured . A few days after , Mr . Gardner was called up at one o ' clock in tho morning , and on hi , arrival found the deceased struggling on his bud in a most violent manner . He di > d within a few hours afterward " , and was never sensible . The jury instituted a rigid inquiry as to the treatment of the dec ased while in the infirmary , and it was proved that he had mutton chops , a piut of porter , tea , toast ,
and for lunch , beef-tea , gruel , or anyihiii K he desired . A verdict of Natural death" was returned , and th « jury added to it , that the attention paid to him was of the m ^ st humane and attentive kind . —The next ca «* was that of Mary K ; ates . She had been a troquent visitor to the House ot Correction , and while there her conduct was so good that she was invariably excused from the toil of the treadmill , and wae allowed to work in the laundry . In perfect health , she went out to shake a blanket , and returned very ill . Medical assistance was instantly procured , for Mr . Gardner happened to be in the gaol , but she died almost iDPtantly . In this case also a verdict of " Natural death" was returned . The superintendentregistrar stated , in anwer to questions put by the jurv , that tbe average amount of deaths was 11 in the " prison , and 21 in the neighbouring pauper
establishment . Shipwreck or Thirty six Vessels . —By the Britaunia steamer , from New York , which arrived at Liverpool on Suuday last , accounts hare been received at Lloyd ' s of the total loss of thirty-six vessels , several of which ware fine packet ships , laden with cargoes of merchandise and other valuable property , and many lives are supposed to have perished . Tlie subjoined particulars are extracted from a letter received by the underwriters from Liverpool : — Among the most important is that of the loss of the Hercules , belonging to Liverpool , nearly 1 , 000 tone burden ; Commander , Captain Postil ; valaed , with her cargo , it is stated , at £ 30 , 000 . She was bound to Mobileand was wrecked near the entrance of
, the harbour of that port , occasioned , it was reported , tow & heavy gale driving the ship on a dangerous shoal , where she subsequently went to pieces . We are , however , happy to say , that the whoie of the crew and passengers were saved by the boats , and that some part of the materials have been , brought ashore . Tha ship , it is thought , ia insured iu the United States . —The next recorded ia that of another fine shio , belonging to the same port—the Conservative , 242 tons burden , Captain Lord . She sailed from Nowhaven to the Capa of Good Hope , with a general cargo , and was lost in Saldanha , Bay previous to the 10 th of March ; part of her contents washed ashore . Respecting the fate of her unfortunate crew , there are little doubts but
that they all perished ; however , it is but right to give publicity to the following fact : —Letters dated the 20 th March express a hope that they landed on the beach soon after the ship struck , as the boats were found upon the beach uninjured ; but there ia no mentioning of the oars being discovered in or near them . Another letter , of a much later date , from the Cape of Good Hope , however , Btates that it waa much , feared they had . all met with a watery grave in attempting to land , nothing having been beard of them . The ship ia stated to be fully insured . About tbe same time another large vessel , named the Mary Ann , St . Mary ' s Bay , Yarmouth , lor Grand Manan , was totally wrecked at Long Island Bay . Seventeen of the crew perished with her .
The ship Saphire , from Salem , foundered in the course of the same month , off the Bahama Bank ; crew saved by the long boats . —The Clyde . from Barbadoee , was lost in the early part of April , on the Islands of Canker . She was a valuable vessel , belonging to that port ( Barbados ) , bound to L <* Guayra , —Another packet ship , called the Great Britain , from Newport to New York , was lost in the same month , while on her passage to that port . The vessel foundered ia kt . 48 . Ion . 33 . For innately before she went down her crew and passengers were saved . —On or about tuc 3 d of April , her Majesty ' s ship Spartan , on her passage from Engla-. d to Vera Cruz , observed the huil of a lan ^ s-. rar . e .- fi .-a-. ln ^ botto m upwards but no durk or ' i-t : r cj'ilti he seen so es to Ic-ad to her iaenuty . < Jn the i 6 . h of April , the Caribbean , from
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the Clyde to St . John ' s , Newfoundland , was lost in the ice off Cape Boliard ; crew , passengers , and part of cargo were saved . At St . John's , Newfoundland , during the latterpart of March aad April Jthe destruction amongst the ships b y the ice was immense- It was owing to the sadden setting in of the weather by which all the sailing vessels were ffozon in , and afterwards foundered . Among the principal vessels were the Ocean , of Bonavista , the Henry and Mary , the In : dustry , together with twenty-live others , belonging to the different outports . Iu one instance , the captain and crew , amounting to fourteen men , were
drownod . Ia addition to Ihe above awful catalogue of disasters , we regret to announce the loss of the barque Vere , belonging to Poole , Captain Badock , 460 tons burden ; she was on a voyage to New Brunswick , and her wreck occurred during a heavy snow storm on the 29 ih of March , on Campbell ' s Islands ; her orew were saved . The Trinidad packet , belonging to Liverpool , from Demerara , is supposed to be lost ; &he loft the latter-mentioned port on the 18 th of February ; she was a fine brig , a \ . t 0 DS b . urden < commanded by Captain Lamb , and had a rich cargo on board of sugar , rum , and molasses .
t Rebecca . Again . —Tbe offences committed by R'jbecoaand her daughters" are daily growing more frightful , and not a single depredator has as yet been diso ^ vercd . Each week we have to publish one or more instances of aggression against the law by the destruction of turnpike gates aad toll-houses , but it is with regret that we learn that their depredations have unfortunately not been confined to tho de-struotiou of the gates—fire has been brought to aid them in their destructive and revengeful course . Last Friday Llanfihangoi-gate . near St . Clear's , was demolished by a mob of men , disguised as usual iu women ' s clothes , who were , however , disturbed in their operations by the passing of the Pembroke mail . They placed sentinels on each side of the road , and immediately the mail had passed they finished their work of destruction . Ou Monday
afternoon the plantation of Mr . T . Powell , of Penycoed , were discovered to have been set on fire , and the wind blowing freshly , before assiatancn could be obtained to extinguish the fire four acres of valuable young trees were burnt . It fortunately happened that a great deal of furze had been cut from tho plantation during the winter , otherwise nothing could have saved the whole twenty-two acres of plantation from being destroyed . Oa Monday night the gate in tbo town of St . Claar ' s shared tho fate of the others . Althoush a reward of £ 150 and a free pardon , have been offered by the Government , not a niugle accomplice has beon taken , and the riotous conduct of'" Rebecca and her daughters" ha * grown daily more alarming . Something must speedily be doae to stop these shaxnoful proceedings or the consequences may be move dreadful than can now be imagined . — Welshman .
Electric Telkguapu , —The velocity of Wheatstone's messenger has reached a maximum which can safely be said of but few human things , and we ought to bo satisfied , as we know that the speed is about 120 , 000 miles per second—that , therefore , a message could go to Bristol or Birmingham in 1 , 1400 th of a second , or round the globe , if wires could be laid for its travelling upon , iu one-sixth of a second . The messages upon the Blaokwall railway , upon part of the Great Western Railway , and some other railways , » re carried at this extraordinary rate . The bells in tbe House of Commons are rung by it , and its uses are extending .
At the Repeal meeting held at Mullingar on Suuday last , the Catholic Bishop of Ardagh made a long speech in favour of repeal , and announced that he expressed the Hentimnnts of all the Catholic Bishop 3 . The repeal rent for tho week declared at the last meeting in Dublin amounted to £ 696 12 s 4 d .
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HOUSS OF COMMONS-Wednksdat , May 17 . The Speaker entered the House at the usual hour , but there being only eighteen Members present , an adjournment took place till Thursday .
Thursdat , May 18 . Some time was spent in the presentation of petitions , and in obtaining replies from Government on different questionB . Mr . Sharman Crawpo ^© ihon rose to move , pursuant to notice , for leave to bring in a Bill to secure tho full representation of the people , and to shorten the duration of Parliamei . it . He supported hi * motion by historical precedent , as well aa general reasoning ; admitted the groat damage which had been done to 'he cause by the violent and imprudent conduct of the Charns' 9 ; alluded to the
coincidence . of his opinions with those which had been advocated by the Duke of Richmond upwards of mxty years ago ; and pleaded that , the changes which he sought constituted not revolution but real reform , by restoring to the people their just rights , and giving them thereby effectual controul over the abuses and extravagancies both of legislation and executive government . His plan is for Annual Parliaments , extension of the Suffrage to every sane man of twenty-one years of age , with other changes analagous to what are called the five or six points of the Charter .
Mr . Williams seconded the motion . The Reform Bill , he paid , had been iiiMifficient for its objects . The country was now governed by the same Ministers , and on tbe same principles , and at the same or a greater expense , as before the Reform Bill . Seats in Parliament were bought and sold now as thenonly tbat now , instead of paying patrons , you paid little knots of corrupt electors . Those who thus obtained the seats sought only how to get something for their money . All tho acts of the House went in direofc opposition to the desires of the people , whoso condition was now worse than ever . There were at thi 3 moment fi ? e burougha , returning ten mrmbers , by 1 , 088 persons in all . The only way to save the countiy from a great convulsion was a timely reform in the representation .
Mr . Curteis declared himself in favour of the ballot and triennial Parliaments . He supported this motion in some degree from curiosity , to see how the proposed remedies could be worked out . Mr . Fielden 8 aid , that among the people there was a waut of confidence in the House . That reason had been assigned by Lord J . Russell as a ground fer his Refo Bill , and why was it not an equaMy good grour xbr this motion ? The charges on the people were increased in F-n ^ laud , aad ia Ireland there had been a coercion bill and a poor law . Twenty . millions had been given to slave proprietors ,
who had no right to a shilling . There would be no good till the people had the choosing of those who were to make the laws . At present , the House of Commons spurned the people like dogs when they applied for any redress of their grievance * ; and the responsibility of Mich conduct was become so heavy , that it was no longer worth the while of a man to sit in the House of Commons . The House had Jo- ^ t the respect of tbe peo ple , and therefore it was that they had ceased to petition . There was the Corn Law ; no one could support that , on any principle of jmtiflo . It would not be possible to go on long with these modes of governing .
Mr . Ward thought it would be a benefit to the House to have a certain intusiou of the working classes , and held it his bouuden duty to support , thin motion . Let auy man analyse the division list ot last Monday , and ho would see that more than threefourths of the majoriiy belonged to classes interested in the vote th « -y pave . He would not go so tar as to admit Universal Suffrage ; but he did think the franuhi&e m > ght be much further extended .
General Johnson thought the Hous j of Commons a great , deal worse now thau it was botore the Reform Act . The Whig Ministers had boasted that they had put down the Chartists ; but-tho tact , on the contrary , was , that the Cuiirtistd had doubled their numbers . The people v » tro determined not to resteathft'ed with the present cctistitutum of Parliament . He complained of the pressure of the income-tax . Nubody who was not content that Parliament should remain unaltered ought tqgpppose this motion . ^
Mr . Roas said he could not conscientiously vote for this motion ; so monstrous were the doctrines which he had heard avowed in some of the manufacturing districts , and with which the success of this motion would teud to deluge the House . But , as he did not approve the present system , he would not vote at all . Sir R . Peel animadverted on the inconsistency of Mr . Ross's course , and considered himself to be treating tbe motion and the mover more respectfully , by a fair avowal of his intention to ppose
them , i Every one of the topics embraced ia the scheme-of the mover would take a debate by itself , and he , therefore , must decline any lengthened discussion on a proposal comoiuing them all . He would say , however , that if every individual had an abstract right to an cq . na . 1 voice , he oould not understand how the continuance of a House of Lorda should be tolerated . According to most of the speeches in this debate , there was very litde encouragement to proceed with ref < rm ; indeed , after so many opinions pronouncing the unreformed Parliament , to have bem ;; er . " » $ no ! better t * : an . lie Iliornnd , the natural conc- ' usion seemed r ^ 'her to bs that we'ought to repeal the Reform Bili a . ud
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re-enact the old constitution . He reviewed Mr . Fieldta's enumeration of grievances , demonstrating that they were unconnected with the Constitution of Parliament , aud declared bis conviction that the pUn of the mover would be f << and in practice altogether incompatible with the existing constitution . * Mr . T . Doncombe had never h ^ ard , atnoug the working cl ; i c > the monstrous destrints ar ' . ributed to them by Mr . Ro- ? . All thy wanted wa ^ equality of pilitical rights , ami to that they were entitled . Ob rrving uuou the absence of 'he Whi ^ s frotn this deba'e , he slid it was no b ibinc s of his toapil'Vse for them ; but he euppaicd that m
Sir Robert fed had adapted their doctrine ? of i " rc 9 trade , they thought they might eaWv trust him with their doctrines o ? finality . He agr . cd that the re f ormed Hou ^ e of . Commons ha < i d <; no little enough for the country . The chief ameliorations had b . n made by tbe unreformed Pasli&meii < : —the Roman Catholic Relief Bill , the repeal or the Test Act , nay , the Reform BtH itself . Tne only great thing done by the Reformed Parliament wa ~ the slave emancipation ; but ihnn it was very ea ^ y to do great things with 20 , 000 , 000 . of mont-y . i \> r h » U ' that pricu ha wou'd even undertake to brin ^ over the country gentlemen on the question oi tbe com law . Dr . Bowrinq contended for universal suffrage .
Mr . Munti said a few words about the currency , and , as to this motion , exprc > ed hia conviction that if the prsp ' . e ' s oondition wore made more comfortable , they would not trouble themselves about politico . Mr . Ferhand complained of the hardship ? inflicted on the working classes by the truck system and the Poor Laiv . Mr . StaNsfifld believrd that tho extension of the suffrage would tend to inoreaLe the uifl'icno of the higher elates . He regretted that ho could not sapport this plan . Lord John Manwebs oppo ~ cd the motion . He believed that in proportion as political power was extended to the p ople , their physical and moral state was deteriorated . After a few words from Mr . Trelawney ,
air Walter James observed upon the u'ter failure of that Reform Bill which had been cirried by means of so much gross delusion npon the p ? ople . To render this House more democratical than it now was , would be to reproduce the misch evous state of things which exi-terf uadtr the late Ministry , whose bills on so mauy important , subjects were passsd by tho Commons and rejected by the Lordd ; aud it would reuuee ihe Sovereign to the positiou of a mere first magistrate . He thought , however , that the wealthier ranks ought to make large sacrifices in which he was very willing to share . During the war , the working people wero much relieved by the operation of the paper currency , which tended to shift the weight of taxation upon the shoulders of the rich .
Mr . Hindley was indignant to he ^ r a profession of Bolicitwde for the working classes from members who supported the prrspnt Poor Law . He did not think that John and Henry had a right to mak _ laws , and call on Jtwnea and William to obey them . Mr . Crawford replied , and the House divided—For the motion 32 Against it 101 Majority against it 69 Mr . Roebuck then moved a resolution , in disapproval of any p > an of National Education tbat should attempt to inculcate peculiar religious opini ns . This led to a debate , in which Sir James Graham , Mr . Shiel , Mr . M . Milnc-s , Mr . Hawes , Sir R . H . Inglis , and Mr . Ewart took part . After wiiich the House divided— ; For the motion ~ 60 Against it 156 Majority ... 96
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Bury . —Anniversary Sermons . —Garden Street Roast . —The Rev . Win , Hill will preach the anniversary sermons of the Christian Church at Bury , assembling at Garden-street Room , on Sunday , May 2 l&t , in the afternoon and evening . Bolton . —Mr . Hill preaches an Bolton on Monday evening . Rochdale . —Mr . Hiil preaches at Rochdale on Tuesday evening . Lkeds Disthict . —Mr . Win . Bell , of Heywood , will lecture at the following iplaces during the next week— Wortky and Armley , Monday ; Holbeck , Tuesday ; Woodhouse , Wednesday ; Hunslet , Thursday ; aud Morley , Friday . Mr . Bell will lecture in the Chartist Room , tomorrow evening at half past six o ' clock .
A couhsk of lectures on Mei-mero- Phrenology are now bt'ing delivered in the above Room , for the joint benefit ot Dr . M'Douall aud the phonological oiass in this town . The uoxfc will be delivered on Tuesday and Thursday evenings at eight o ' clock . Leeds . —Dr . Lees , Editor of the Temperance Advocate , will lecture in the Chartist Ruooi , Cheapside , on Mouday eveniug , at eigkc o'clock , subject , — Chartism , the puiitioal aspect of Christianity . Holbkck Mook . —A Chartist Camp Meeting will be hclu at this place to-morrow ai ' iernoon , at two o ' clock , when Messrs . Bell , of Heywood , aud Gammagu , of Northampton , will address the meeting .
Holbeck . —Mr . R . G . Gam mage will lecture in the Association Room , Holbeck-bridge , on Sunday evening at half-paft six o ' olock , on tho land and ics capabilities , Mr . B . Walked , member of the Literary Institution , Armley , will deliver two lectures on Mesiuoro-Phrenology , oa Monday and Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for tha benefit of the Association . Admission two-pence . Bradford . — The Chartists of Little Horton will msec in the School Room , Park-place , on Sunday morning at nine o ' clock . The Chartists of the contral locality are requested tojneet on Sunday morning , at nine o ' clock iu the council room , ButtersvorthVbuilflings . The Chartists of Wapping will meet on Sunday morning , at nine o ' clock , at the usual place of meeting .
The Chartists of Bowling Back-lane , will meet in their room , on Sunday morning next , at ten o'clock . The Chartists of Middleton-fields will mee > t at the house of George Sedgwick , on Saturday er&uiug at eight o'clock . On Sunday evening a lecture will be delivered in the Large Room , Butterworth's-builiiinys , at . seven o ' clock . Subject , — Will a Repeal of tha Legislative Union between England and / reland , based on sound principles , be beneficial or injurious to the inhabitants of the British Empire ? Free admission—discussion invited .
Keishley . —A delegate meeting will he holden in the Working Men ' s Hall , Sun-street , Keighley , on Sunday , the 28 ih of May , at ten o ' clock in the forenoon , for the purpose of better organizing the district , asd for the transaction of other important business . Delegates are particularly requested to attend from every locality iu the distriot . A Chartist Camp Meeting will be held on Sunday afternoon , at Studley Pike , adjoining the monument thttt waa erected in commemoration of the peace of 1815 , which is situated centrally between Todmorden , Hcbdenbridge , Sowerby , and Ripponden ; the friends residing at the two last mentioned places are mout earnestly requested to attend . Mr J , West and other friends will address the meeting , which will commence at two o ' clock .
Mr . R . G . Gammage will lecture at the following places during the next week : —Dawsbury , Monday ; Huddersfidd , Tuesday ; Lockwood , Wednesday ; Honley , Thursday ; nolmfirtk , Friday and Sunday .
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IRELAND . ( From the Times correspondent . ) Dubmn , May 16 . —The Agitation . —The recent Ministerial declarations , although rather roughly handled by the Metropolitan organs of repeal , appeal to have excited a Jar fuller measure of indignation throughout tho provinces . The various local journals teem with diatribes of the mott dangerous tendency ; and sentiments are freely broached , which in the incipi < nt state of the agitation , might h <> ve been ( however discreetly ) passed over as worthless specimens of native bombast , but which must be regarded at the present crisis as the natural result of culpable apathy in a quarter where it was least expected . A provincial paper of Saturday , supposed to be the organ of Dr . M'Hale , thus refers to the allabsorbing topic : —
"The demand for justice of nine millions of people is to be droijjttd in the roar of artillery , and that which was denied by blood is to be upheld by slaughter ; Wellington and hia sanguinary allies are ready ' to cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war , ' but wi'h all their legions at their back they are doomed to discomfiture and disappointment . The game of coercion was played before the Catholic Association was suppressed , but what was the result —that body , under the magic hand of the man who
now guides the destinies of his country , sprang into a more vigorous existence , and Wellington and Peel were coerced * themselves to terminate the struggle not by the slaughter of the lush people , bot by the concession of their rights . Thus will the present also end , and the people of Ireland , by peaceable and deltrwiutd resistance to oppressiou , will again triumph over Peel acd Welliag-on , and compel them u « t 5 m-re to beon . a traitors to ihm o ^ -n principles . We lepuat , again , the time iscoaie t'j tr > nun's sculp , and tho lime is couie when physical Jurce is to be
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encountered by moral force , aiid when every Tvi-hwnn should Ho on the side of hia conntry \{ « -. ¦ ure invaded , probably Arthur Duke of Wellington will in person lead the invaders of hia na'ivo - \ vA ; and ifhesbouJd , why if he caught cold frorn th ^ sea voyage , or if the cli-nate disagreed with h ; sn , or if any of those accideuts which fleah is heir to pro viced fatal consequences to a man of his a / vnacea a ^« -. wa would , bad as he is , be charitable enough to aff . rd him , a grave . " In the same paper ( ths Tuam HeraU ) appears a vivid description of a repeal mtutiui ; held in the ev « rmemoraMe village of " Aaghrim , " from whieb aa abridged account may not be without interest as a specimen of the " spirit" of the agitation : —
' * Ou Sunday last a numerous meeting of the parishes of Aughrim and K'lconnoll was held at the Chapel yard . Aughrim , for the purpoeo o- ' appointing wardens and arrangiujr , for the co ! Iec : icn of the repeal rent . A mi-aber of respectable persons from Bcl ! inu « Iue were present , and seemed to take j . i' <^ fc intor- ; . ; st in the proceeding . The vf-ntrated and patriotic parish priest of Augurw , the Rev . Mr . Manning , m an eloquent adurosf ? , rxplaiuod the obj .-ct or the meeting , and impressed i ^ on tho people fhe necessity of the a'rictea * . obserwrce of" ih * i-JW 3 . The & * semb y vr a * als-o aidressed r > y Mr . J . DiHon , of Caher , and in glow-ins ; terms by that liictin ^ ui -hed and unshrinking patriot , Mr . N . Boylan , ju- ! i «><» of the peace , Hilton-house , county of . Meatli . The whole scene W 33 one of the deepest interest—calling up proud rfcollect . it B 3 cf the past , and full of high
prorriite of the future . Who could . ' nob w ; Uiout nmotion on the hill of Kiloomme- 'laD , where 18 000 unJKciplined &nd badly-armed Irish defeated -7 , ( 'G 0 veterans , furnished with all the munitions nf war , and flashed with the victork-s ihey had wou ou : h- battle fields of Frauce and Holland ? But who wou'd not feel proud to be an Irishman when he behtld the pa ? 3 of Urachree , where 2 , 500 Irish horso completely defeated 8 , ^ 00 of the flower of European chivalry—French Hu ^ onotB , Dutc ' ii and Daai-h gjiaru . s whh sevara ! chosen regiments of English Dre # . - > on < 1 Well mig , ht bt . Ruth exclaim , in the hour of triumph , that he would ' driv 3 the English to the ga , t- ; d of Dublin ! ' Never did men , inferior in numbers and arms obtain a more complete victory over the enemies of their country and kiBg , till rot bed of't by chanco through the dpath of their conimrmdt-r . And that sc ? ne was full of promise of' future indumWenca
to Iro / and—proving that the voice of freedo' ; : had reached ihe rr . o < t retired parts of our is ' jr-d . Yes in every quarter of the country the spirit of nationality is anim . t . 'ir ) £ the masses . Deeply and ateu-cf 'iy is the mi ghty ude of popular feeling advancing onward ; nor is it rhe less irresistible for wanting tho storm and foam upon its surface , which , on former occasions , generally characterized similar movements in Ireland . " The Mr . Dillon al ' udcd to in th <* foregoing -3 a gentlf man of high respectability in th « cou-. iy . and he is , moreover , if I mistake not , a recent auxiliary to the ranks of the repealers .
The b » ards of guardians , too , are da y becoming infected with the repeal mania . The Abb .. yl « ix board has already declared in favour of ihem ^ iiure ; and the guardians of the Dundaik Uniou , having taken urub < ape at the refusal of the eommissionurato dismiss tke clerk for the high offence of being connected with an anti-repeal party , " are about to tread in ths footsteps of their ( Jieon ' s county brethren . C > ne of the guardians gave notice ou tho last da . y of meeting that , "in consequence of toe letter from the commissioners ( above alludad to ) he would move at their next sittiDg , that they ehould discuss the repeal of the union , and that a petition from the board be forwarded to Parliament for the repeal of that measure . " This is another practical proof of the stimulus given to the agitation by the working of the odious Poor Law .
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THE SLAVES' DISARMING BILL . We need no longer ask , will thero be a Coercion Bill ? Here it is . " What means disarmament but coercion ? What means defencolessnesfi but slavery ! The fathor docs not disarm his son , nor th > , iriend wring away the defence of his friend ; but the robber disarms hi .- victim , and the pirate nails dowa tha hatches that he m- * y butcher unresisted . To carry arm 9 ia the ultimate guarantee of life , property , and freedom . To be without the power of resisting oppression is to be a sia ? tj . Wba ; matter thar , with delusive words , your ru ! or says he will not rifia your aitatp , » Oi- pollute your hearths—what matter that , ^ our toaler boasts his power to protect you . a « d fl \ mtiohi . s his weapon before your cell Arms and liberty are synonymous . If you see an unarmed and an armed man together , you instantly conclude tiiat the one is a prisoner , tbe othor a guard . Arms are tho badges of freemeu . He who is unarmed will soon be in chains .
Disarmament aud . slavery were convertible terms in every age . T / ie conquering barbarians forbade the Romans to carry arms ; tbe Normans forbade the Saxousto carry arms ; the Spaniards tore iheir arms from tbe Americans ; tho English took arms from Ireland whenever they dared . Irish di ? a , nnament has ever baeu the first step to plunder and tyranny . Cromweli disarmed us , and rwenty years t > f Egyp'ian bondage followed . The first act of the he'Jisi * Ptinal Code , under which we winced in a blooey duDgt-o-n for eighty years , was as Arms' Bill . The Vi > iur « t « ers extorted imJ pendonee b > arms , and ero the system of terror winch forced on tlie insurrection wns be ^ un , an Arm' Bill was passed . Arms' Bills and Castlereagh—ruin and despair—were upon us during the reign of the abominable Regent , George . An Arnia' Bill waa the leading law of coercion by the Whigs , aad now the Tone- , open their campaign against our rising hopes with an Arms' Bill ! '
An Arm 3 Bill—there is a curse in the name . An Arms' BilKpah . ' why not give it its right uame a S ' a very Bill ! Call it a Bill lo prevent rifistance to tyranny—call it a Bill to ullow an old enei&y to rob , crush , defame , and trample upon us for ever—for ever , or till some stranger , half in pity , half in contempt , steps in and smites our oppressor . An Arms * Bill -a Bill to take away the means whereby irien protect homes and altars , free speech , free intiustry , free worship—a Bill to place us at the mercy of a tyrant , and that is rtfche definition of slavery . " Why stop short w th branding arms % Why not brand ourselves ? Why not with equal propriety imitate the Grecian conqueror , and mutilate as f The best an ^ mo 8 t natural Arms' Bill would be ono to cut off our right hands ; but no , we must do tae work as well as bear the chains of bondsmen—wo must be unmutilated slavp . « .
By this infaciou 3 Bill , no man can keep arms of any sort , or any thing which can be used a . « arms , without first getting a certificate from two householders rated to tho poor above £ 20 , and then getting the leave of thw Jns'iees—that is to say , arms are to be denied to all not relished by < he aiisio * cratic minions of an alien Government . The arms are to be branded ; and cannot be removed sold or inherited , without fresh licences . Every act relating t « them , every conversation- ' aye , conversation respeotius ; them , in which y « n do not tell all you are asked by the pettiest myraiidon , subject you to penalties .
The penalties may be judged by one . To have a pifee or spear , or ' instrument serving for a pike or sppar \~ a , pitchforky or hoe ., a long kniie , or a . dibble , tor example—is au offence punishable with transportation for eoven years ! Blacksmiths must rake out licences like those for keeping arms , under the Har oe tremendous penalties . Domiciliary visit ? are allowed au'i . ordered . Nay , whenever a magistrate wills it , he can £ <» , or send his gaag of' poiicemen to break into our homes at night by force ! the pretence mu&t b , e search for arms ; the motive may and will 6 e insult , cruelty , lust , or rapacity . Suspicion of having arms—uo , we venture to bay that the absence of the power of ju .-s vewgeaace , will invite the most frequent visits . ' Tf . s voluptuary , the rival the malicious enemy , they will suapeot , and they will invade our homes .
And , to crown the villany of this Act , if any weapon be found in any house , offices , or bagaard , the occupier shall be deemed guilty of a misdem anour uuless he shall prove his iuuocence—a provision the best devisea of any yet introduced , from the days of Cromwell to those of Castlereagh , for encouraging treachery and perjury , exciting and rewarding a bloody and lying vcDgeance , aad produciog that discontent which woulu make revolution inevitable if it became law . We uow call on the English Legislature to pans © ere they eu » ct this code—this wicked , subtle and BanSu ! u » ry code . We call on our friends abroad to note well the sort of laws whereby Ireland is governed . We call upon such Irishmen as still think we can endure a foreign Government to stvain their ingenuity and influence against this Bill ; if they tail , the prospect may be stern , but the course wiU be simple-time , prudence , energy \~ The Notion
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On Thursday week , at Sheffield , after a short illness , aged 29 years , Mr . George Wright of that place . His firm adherence to the principles of Democracy , both in pnblic and private life , is ao example which erery lover of hia country should imitate . r ? k ^ * u la 8 t > ?*? t "" » y eW 9 ' James Hunt tobbett , tbe son of Julttre Dalby , Victoria peblio house , Eocleshill . The boy fell into a pan of boiling liquor , a few days previous , and lingered' in greal agony till death . On Saturday last , at Keighley , after a lingering -llnew , Mr . T&os . B . Knowles , of that place . His
remains were interred on Tuesday , and aicr-nded to their long home by a large number of frieucs and relatives . During the number of years he has residedin Keighiey , he has bean an able advocate of the cause of liberty , and hia merits , as a . Chartist leoituer , have been well known and hiwhly estimated throughout this part of the country . The repeatedattafkti onhig health , through the rapture 9 f blood-vts-s ^ iii , grad » - ally weakened his constitution . H ? retnintd last year from a , visit to Av .-. erica-, airce wfccli simehis toealta hf . s b ^ v it w < ir , c Lai , tii-uai , m-. d ht > had now finished : ns ar ly car ^ r at tho early age o ! thirtjlcaviag a prsgnitut wtiu to lament Hia iosa .
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m ^ NOTTINGHAM . —Political Victim Fund . — All persons who have collecting books for tho above fund are respectfully requested to forward the amount of their subscriptions forthwith , as a balance of £ 15 is still due to the treasurer . tOrjGHBOROUGH— On Monday evening , Mr Skevington addressed a large assembly in the Market-place . CAJMBERWELZi . —The Chartists mot as usual on Tuesday evening . After th «> business of the societj was gone through , to tho satisfaction of the members present , Mr . Seweli gave an excellent lecture upon the six points of the Charter . One new member was enrolled . Tiio meeting adjourned until next Tuesday evening .
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^__ , THE NORTHERN S TAB .
Deaths.
DEATHS .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct482/page/5/
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