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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th August 1843, Edition 2 of 5, Page 3, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EEPEA 1 A 2 TD XHE GHAB . TEB . , rWbsiB ^ are 1 rBTingo ' er * ° wer and steeple , j L a *** calls loud « n oer sons to engage ; J - ° * r ^ oes jsrsg ^ e 3 s : now for the peopla , - ^ XS ^^ U ronstjiaia to ihe BghWf the age . -u ^ Jbi of Bibernla are ready for batEe , 2 *^ HBri tt x » penamg t » liberty's « 01 , " - ^ tor ttMi flisy , ' 5 rin i » treatedlikeatUe , ' ^^ asaasd . io ctmgner , or gloriously Ml iw BstoBsamke ! sad rerat all coercion , Q , Hiej&inn win descend on your children and yon « lu , does not xernembw tbe blooty diapessmn , - ^ jjag fcteenanS nineteen of famea Peterloo ? 5 hb » voice of thunder in favour of iEnn , Speak death to the slaves who shall dare to assail ^ peacssMejiadan , irhq are bnt preparing 3 fc Te « 2 in their lost i ^ hts "by an Act of BepeaL

      - jFiaS sscnfieeis loo great ! or the KessiDgs Tbit man shall enjoy-when Ms freedom is iron ? 50 aore shall iana « ny of hireling wm ^ ,, Bide over the people , and trample th em down . Ib enJiritons arise ! on this noble occasion , Andyoax Toice Trill be echoed from every shore , ^ tbe labouring millions of every nafion , TVho , like you > arexletersiinea their ri ^ hts 4 o lesto re . . And , should tiiey refuse both Repeal and the Charter , Shall "we ianl down oar flag , and abandon the cause ? 2 fo , rather march on to the enemy ' s quarter ,

      2 for rat till "both onsets are part cf onrisvz . Ibe fev-o % r the many tbUI cease their dominion , "Wies the many unite , and resolve to be free . Ko army on trample do"srn pnblic opinion ; The victory ' s -von when the people decree ! iliiS DiTXSPOST . Ji 0 j 242 l 1843 .

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      SOJfG . Up— "Bp / withour flag ; shall onr courage be shown In theesnaeof our tyrants , and sot in outowb ? Shall we more , ever first , on the chessboard of fame , 3 * o he baiterti lite patnoa Trtule we ' re Winning the game ; 33 » victors and victims , for profligate lords , Too oft in a strife that dishonour ed our swords ; Yet , shrink from the combat , for altar and hearth , In the home of our sires—the green land of our birth ? ISaaBmatiiTal ri £ &i—if ire nave been subdued—To ana as again , -when onr strength is reneWd—If « u sires have "been phindered , insulted , disgrae'd , fftufli ^ faft rafirmal ittTirlTnaVft ^ bft TieVPT replaced ? If tie pUzfol gleanings of hononr and -wealth Hire been gather ed an silence , and almost by Btealth , Shall our conntry be still the broad field that tee sow ¦ With ^ ory ann gold—to be reap'd lytte / oe ?

      We snnVd in patience—tin pafienes bee&rne , Ufce the snow round the crater of mountainous flame ; Tet complaints , like the Emote -which could not be xepress'd , Sbow'd ibe smoul& ' img fire stiD at work is our breast j AsdTrb&t < Zi& onr tyrants to soethe discontent ? "Why , they added new vtsallmd wrong to resent . And now 4 ei them look for the lava to -wreathe The villas and vineyards they planted beneath . The worm for lie earth , and the eagle for air , Saves powr and a purpose consign ed to their care j AadizHDi—irhetiier dwelling in castles , ox cells , Has spcs-lr for the good of the land where he d veils . EhaH we give np for ever that power—so long ! Toaai from « is—tnrn'd on ns—by rapine and wrong ? Ko—no ; ' twere & crime , that could sot be forgiv e n—A hrwwh of the tmst delegated by HeaVn .

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      APbaCTICaX "WoKKOS THE MiTSAGESIKKT OT SjIAlJ . Fxsss ; BT Feaegts O'Cossoh . Nos . 1 and 1 L London , Qeavej Manchester , HejTFood ; Leeds , fiobson . At last "we haTe a "Work calcnlated to teach even » a isnoraTit usannfactTuin ^ operasivp , •* how to use the Land . " There have been plenty of fknaunsibofoj plenty of insirnctions f plenty of" theory " beforerime but here ire have a work calculated Jot laicncE . It is cvidendy she prodncxion of one who knows Tthatit is he is-writing about . Theconriotion is ax onee involuntarily forced upon the mind on reading she Work , that the imier is a man of

      practical experience ; that he is intimate "wita all the details of the question on which he treats . The style is also unaffectedly plain and dear . There is no doubt as to-what is meant by what i 3 said . It is ¦ understandable . Ko Sights of fancy ; no soaring in the regions « f imagfaraxion ; no "flower "; " no ^ poetrj ; but plain , simple , intelligible rale * for practice . The Work 13 also most opportune . It is -note that ItIb warned . Note , thai "the Land" is being tnrnedto , as a xemedj for national distress , brought on by high-taxation , stock-jobbiDg , paper-ba ^ iiEg , acd j nannfactoring speculation : now , that ** ihe Land "

      is advocated on every sde ; note , thas " allotments " are being made on every hand ; now , that the work ing-classes are beginning to employ their cltjbaioszES in ihe purchase of Land , and cnltiva > e it for themselves jtjiow , that the working-people generally are ta ^ nng of a Katiosal Laxd Bssefti SoaETTi and of a Legai , ycrrmF . for a Practical JExpeboikstitpos iSE Lxsd ; it is noip , when an almost nnrrersal desire is manifested to get hold of the Land ; it is note , nnder such circumstances , that Its tFork timely makes its appearance , to instruct all what to do with the Land -when they set it .

      From such a Work it is difficult , as-will be at once apparent , to select an extract for the mere newspaper Trader . To give an accurate idea of the natnresnd scope of snchaTSTorkjTeqnires $ fce Work itself ; pariienlarly when it happens , as in this instance , that there is nothing extraneous to &e qnesSoE , but all "germane to the matter . " Farming operations are very diversified : and yet they so long one to another ; have sneh an intimate connection with , and dependence on , each other , that it is impossible to select one as adapted to give a . general idea of the whole . So of the chapters in tins Book , treating , as those chapters do , of the several iarnnng operations in snecessva and consecutrra crder . We shall , however , give the chapter on

      daisies ; for H is calculated to impart some nsefol information to many who keep , or who may desire to keep , ** a cot ?/* and whp msy be nnable , or unwilling , to " buy iht book . * Iiwilljtoo , give soms fort of an ideaj of the nature of the ~ W « rk itself , and of the manner I hi -which die task of the author i 3 being fulfilled . ' Mere is its chapter just i ^ mad : — " HaviBj ? now disposed of my HiJgect as far as relates j t » -wasia laaSs , large farms , rents , horse labour , spade hnsbanjirj , and mannrcB , I ^^ n proc eed to discuss the ' 9 OEsSon < sl farming , treating of -each branch under its «^ nprcpsr head j fittty , in order to lead my readers W : akso ^ ledFeofthemost proStable application of thej

      lererAl creps ; and I * hall then treat of the mode of ] proiniang those several crops , and compare their rela- ¦ fiTfiietnriis fcrthe amonnt of labour expended in their Jgrftnr ^ fftt ^ * "The coif , then , bdngaBandispenable to a mother ^ ttlabocr , to a child in arms , to the infant growing ; to j the : ion ] i in proetsa -of fbrmstlon , to the labourer at ; * ork . and to the aged in decSining life , 1 treat ol 4 his ^ dtasestic aTi ? T ? r > i firstly . I pity the man who has not a ' cow . ass -s-ho is obliged to * w « it 4 ill driven by Sickness . tolhexesessiy < rf sending to a ^ isigliboar for a liaH- ! 3 > EKiy or pennyworth < sf the most wholesoais , the most j mSriiicns , and the most gratefnl beverage . It is a : ffiaEBenolj th-np to see an able and willing woikman !

      » onctd to the necessity of feeding his little children ¦ Ji pon nm-irhol £ sonie slops , as a substitute for that , of « ieh , nafl ha fair play , he-could hava an abundance . ; yo lajjonring jasn can say flat he 3 s ns ce ought to be j & ! fe is ^ possessed of a cow ; ana It is because I proposfcttitasifnaentstock olthBt useful animal shonld j « astitute thfe staple of the small f&rma ?* idiance , that . liBake the cow my first consideraaon . I propose , that j CTcjy iosa ocenpying four acres d ^ groEIsd shall be , P'Sessad of fonr-cows as the main stock of his establish- j s ^ t . Ab , " however , , I ahall enter minutely into Ihe ! ^ bo Sb ol treating the ^ cow , as weQ as into a minute cal-i eolation as to the return to be expected from that treat- ' * aart , 1 shail now jproeeea ., imder " my present head , to test the saK «* seneKlly . j

      " * - lfcave derived my knowledge upon fei » subject ¦? KBn praeilcal experience , having not only had a dairy JEysrif . tmt . from thedrcnmsi 3 nc 3 of livmg close to a **» relaBon , who , for many years has made * large ^ s arj offrDmQ 2 rly tofifty cows a great hobby , to tie l ^ w ^ ss of nuiTi ^ gtwg TrhMi I paid the very greatest * ttaBQon , aBdwileh 3 jfibasbrDnght to jgieater per £ ec-* mtusnany other person that 1 inow oL Indeed , *» xmy Qigresslon 'which will serve my purpose * 2 l b « pardoned by the xeader , 1 may cere * sib , -whQa speaking of that gentfemen , the , fact fi& he has gone -farther in establishing the vbIub of a Sx of ground to the working man , than all fliebindlordB "' dpBc&calTrntesineadsience ^ He is sa immensely «* $ » hmdBd propriBtor , and the best landlord in the «? ate . In every one of hia leaseahe 3 nsert » a

      eon-1 ° s , Sat Hm fanner « baU allow every labourer he ] * g * oyii&mnchbxnd rent free , a house of BSpulated ^ naons , and always iept in proper repair ; and the 'fcaltef ibiaplaiiis , ^ fliat ihe labourer * nf Jjisteaanta !? a theb families sre aa ©* mfertable- « a Ibe tenants ^ eha . . ^ . « aer to make profit of a aaby * the farmer anust r ^ rnweawifficlent number olcowBtomake a eertaln BBIO % of feaSe * . say , a firkin , or about iixly poenda 25 ** rM possible , at one dmmingT and Jfca a ^ ne i *» ft ieasong ^ w j fcaveTkoogn * proper t » as » lgn *^«* stoeach * mall temex . It ta impossible that r ^^ « arry on a » trade oI -BsBSig new milk and ^«*« tei 5 and , therefore , an BpeaMng of » * airy , it ] ^ ' ^ ssjBlie tieated sb amannfacfcory for as wh ole- 1 rrJ * fci » 35 iher Siaa « a « means ^ of applying \ he ] f ^ etaana . . ^ j ^ y j atrt , rf Ireland , ti » aystan of t *^ fecai 3 eaned ^ i byae aan » Isnaer eoiavat-? S * asm 3 y , sna Alsoiseping » dairy . * Bub aystem ? » iawtasa in nmj pj ^ i of England &i w * U , to *]

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      most rnmons extent , and , from calcujctiona made from such sources , no fair eoneiu ^ . ons as to ? : e profits of a dairy can be arrived -&L From fwenty-tvro to thirty cowf , according to the si 23 of the farm , in general constatute the dairy . These animals are kept upon fte landB , let onltorest ^ nothalf fed , and , being perisbed and starved in winter , just when they require atlen-* iaa and care , the cost of renewing the stock is excessive , wbaeikeir produce , besides being poor in quality , does not amount to one-half the quantity trhicb the same number of cows , if pioperly fed sad attended to , would produce . And yet a dairy of this kind ib the principal reliance of tbefanne » far paying their May rent . An Irish former generally pays his November rent from the sale of niB harvest ; and he pays bio 33 ay

      rent by raising money opon the supposed produce ! of his dairy for the coming half year , by obtaining money at the rate of forty , fifty , sixty , and even seventy-two per cent from the butter merchant , to whom he is in the habit of selling bis produce . It wonia sot , thin , be fair to make wholesale calculations upon so imperfect a system ; while , there being no retail market for milk and butter in the cenntry districts in Ireland , those who cannt-t afford to keep a sufficient number of eowa to make the quantity required for the wholesale market at once , must beminrd . Let me explain this to you familiarly . If a poor man has twooi three cows badly fed , he will expect te make somewhere about ninetysix pounds weight of butter * under each cow' in the season . He attempts to make a firkin , or sixty pounds , for the wholesale market ; and Trtricfe , if made at oiice , would seH as first quality , and fetch , say £ 2 5 a . o ? at

      the rate of £ 4 10 s . per cwt ; whereas , it will take him six or saven . wetts to make the required amount , adding seven or eight pounds at a cburoing to the stock , which , when ready for sale , has as many colours as a rainbow , and as many different smells as a farm yard ; and , "when he takes it to maittt , instead of getting first quality price , or £ 4 10 a . the cwt , it is borjed , wneiled , and tasted , and branded ss a * bishop , ' a title given to batter which does not merit tha $ of 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , " 4 th , or 5 th quality , and which are the several classes that that article is sold -under . For this bo will receive about fifteen shillings , or at the rate of £ l 10 s . the cwt . instead of £ 2 5 s ., or at the rate of £ 4 10 s . per « wt , lie pries of first quality- Tens , for tesst of a retail market , and not having a sufficient number of co-srs to make the required quantity for the wholesale market , be loses two-thirds of the price of the article .

      "I shall now lay down soms practical rules for the management of a dairy . The cow being the first requisite in the establishment , I shall describe whst she ought toie , and how she should be treated . There are as many opin 5 ons as to the cow most preferable as there are different breeds : 1 shall , therefore , state the qnalites for which they are respectively preferred , and leave the reader to his choice . " The Ayrshire is now coming into very extensive use in all descriptions of farms , wnether light or ieavy ; their recommendation being their beauty , and that they thrive better than most other breeds upon light soil and scanty fodder . Their milk , however , is not to be compared to many others , either for quantity

      or quality ; to the Hereford for quantity , or to the Devon or Alderney for quality , or to the common Irish or "Rngiiwh cow for either one or the other . Thin breed has oeen pushed ol late years amongt amiB farmers who wonld be better without them , especially by the Duke of Devonshire and his friends , more I presume , from the state of perfection that they have bean brought to by tho 3 e gentlemen upon their rich domains , than from the intrinsic merit of the animal . Tne Ayrshire , however , is a good cow for a large dairymen , as she has that property much prized by them , viz ., If she misses for milk , she will turn eut well for the butcher , a consideration , however , which never should weigh with a man having only three or four cows .

      * ' The "white-feced Hereford , is , perhaps , generally speaking , the most-milch , and baa the property of fat ting at as earlier age than any other breed . I may be allowed to state iuj ewn preference , and I certainly give it to toe Hereford , above all others . 1 have had a dairy exclusively of Hereford cows ; and they averaged over twenty-four qusrts of milch a-day , three or four of them giving as much as sixteen quarts at a meal , and of average richness ; richer , I think , than lie Ayrshire , but not so rich as the Seven or Alderney , or the common Irish or Eaglish . They require good keep , and -will give gocdprodnce in return ; and I have found

      them of all breeds the most gentle . There la ose peculiarity , however , belonging to file Hereford , and from want of a knowledge of which I lost three of the-very best of my cows when I first got them . It is this : if they make a very large show about three weeks or a month before calving , they should be moderately milked , otherwise the teat becomes diseased and it is impossible te bring them to their milk after calving . In fact , they can't give a drop , as the pipe is stopped np , 1 presume from the milk which ought to have been drawn first corrupting , and then turning to a hard lump . I have tried to recover this neglect by putting the calf to them , but all to no purpose .

      "The 3 > evon snrpsEBes all others in the richness of her silk , bnt is far inferior to almost any other in quantity . " The common Irish cow caa scarcely be surpassed in " valne . Some of them will give from twelve to fifteen quarts at a meal , upon keep f&r inferior to what ed 7 otber brted requires , while for richness her miik is mnch beyond the average quality . " The short-homed is a breed coming into extensive use , and I em sure I can ' t tell why , ! f it is st , t that their size renders tbem valuable to the grazier , after they thall have served their time at the dairy .

      ~ , There is another breed wbich dtseives notico , the tboro-ogn bred Scotch , generally of a black anil white colour , large , of beautiful symmetry , with head resembling a buck , fist in the forehead , and v < jry pretty small corns . 1 know of no cow superior to a thorough bred Scotch cow ; but I regret to say that they haWbeccaiB -rery scarce of late years , the Ayrshire Caving supplied their place . ¦ ** There is another breed also that deserves mention ; I mean the little black Galloways that are to be found in the southern counties of Scotland . I have a great

      fancy for this breed , which I would distinguish by the name of tfee poor man ' s cow . They are vtay tmail , of beautiful symmetry , and have no horns , which , in my opinion , is an advantage not to be overlooked . The owners tell you that they wculd live upon tfee road ; which is a mere figurative mode of telling yon that they will live npon the most spare keep . They ?[ ive very good milk , in some cases as much as ten quarts at a mesa , or twenty quarts a-day , are easOy fatted ¦ when dry , and will live certainly upon one-half of what a Hereford , Ayrshire , or short-horned caw wonld

      consnxna *• The common "Rn gHah , like the common Irish , "when good , in my opinion surpasses most others in this elimate , and as a native of the soil is , perhaps , the best suited to the country . •¦ The next direction , then , that I shall give to the farmer is , how to choose his cow at a fair . He shopid look well about him , and make up his mind not to be captivated by the first that takes his fancy , always bearing in mind that , if taken in , his first loss is the least , as a bad cow will entail a « 3 aily injury upon him . The head , then , should be ¦ K ell locked at ; it should be fine suO Tather && than round iu the

      Iotobsad , the countesnnce mild arrt gtntlc , the horn small , and of a rich-creamy colour , well set , and not cocking ; the seek fine , thin at the mane , and a fall of louse flesh underneath running towards the breast ; the tail and limbs sbouid be fine , the tir . d quarter wide , with a good space between the bind legs , and the udder spreading up toward * the chest rather than hanging dawn between the legs ; tbe teats . Instead of banging down , should project , painting as k were towards the fore-legs , great attention being paid to the e ' zb of the two back teats which are never milked , a cow usually having six teats . I have seldom seen a cow of tnis form that had not the tvo back teats unnsually large .

      «• I Ija-ve now spoken of a cot" ready for milking , and with the presnmptlon that no man -weald be mad enough to buy a cow that has been stocked for sale , that is , a cow which has not berf » milked for , perhaps , twenty-four hours ; a system as foolish ss it is cruel , and the practice of which has destroyed many a fine animal , and has ii-jured many an ignorant man . 'It win be a losg Sine before a cow ttnt has been driven some distance with a bursting udder can be brought ] to herself , while she seldom thoroughly recovers for the season ; and , therefore , none but the hopelessly ignorant can be injured by this cruel practics . J have irtqneniij felt iedined to pnaisb the o- ^ ner ol a cow that I have seen in the sltnation that I describe , j . I believe that under 2 dr . Martin ' s Act I should succeed , while , I am sure , the ruffian would deserve the punishment

      - " If the farmer is wise , be will prefer a three year old heifer springing , that is , about to calve , to any other , and fox tbis reason ; because she could not have bran previously injured ox sold for any fault ; and ; in 999 instancesin every 1 , 000 , a cow , if properly treated from the cowmencement , will turn out well . The same directions that I have laid down for regulating the choice of a cow win also apply to the heifer . If , however , the farmer sfconld prefer a cow jhat has calved , I would recommend him to osRerre the following directions . Suppose be fancies a cow , for

      which he is asked £ 12 , let him then ask what milk she gives ; and if the ewner says tw £ l ? e quarts at a meal with good f * e a , let tbTpurchaser say , then I'll place the whole amount in thehaeds of a mutual friend ; Til put the cow on good keep , and yon shairrajne any day TnJhin eifbt as the trial day to come and see her milked , and if she glvts the promised quantity yon shall have the money . Thi s is what is called ' engaging a co * , * a practice invariably acted upon by dairymen in Ireland , and found very beneficial . If the seller refuses tbis offer , let &ib farmer tarn -npon his heel and leave him , as-the cow is sure to hate some defect So much for the

      purchase of a dairy cow . T » let m now consider her treafaoent , which , for tbe present . I » b *» confine to Jxer management , « s hereafter I shall lay do wn rotes for feeding her , supposing merely forth © present that aheis to be as well fed as aboppssSrtyeaabe . In such case , then , trreryinidaKng cow , if well chosen , will give twenty-four quarts of milk a-d « y . Care should be taken not to allow her to calve much before the beginning of May , in order that ibB may jbe bioaghtto afnllfiowof milk by an abundance of food given immediately after calving . She should bo turned Into ** open place when about to calve . ABSOonassbe drops tbe calf , the calf ahonld be sprinkled over - with about two table spoonsful of common salt , which wffl induce the cow to lick it over more greedily , and - Bfll

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      have the effect of makinz . ber * clean' more speedily . As soon as ^ he cleans , * that 3 s-, m soon as she throws off the calf bag , it sheila be instantly taken from her , . and burled , as otherwise sha will be stire te tat it . and probably suffer great injury , i I ; am aware thai a diffarecce of opinion exists upon this point , many believing that the * cleansing 1 , if eaten by the cow , operates as a medicine . It is so asserted in" the second volume of an admirable work entitled ' British Husbandry , ' published ufider the superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of TJsefnl Knowledge ; a book unequalled , in my humble opinion , by any other that has . ever been written upon the sabjeet of agriculture ; one indeed which should constitute an indiapenaifele portion of the property of every man possessed of any quantity of g round from a

      rood to any amount , and to its extensive circulation I attach the greatest importance . I sbouid feel extreme delicacy in txpressingany difference of opinion with tbe writer of this work ; but as , upon the point iu question , there is a variance between -tbe text and a note upon the same subject , I incline to that of the note . In the text it is recommended to allow tbe cleansing to remain with tbe cow , as the eating of it will ' amuse' her ; but in the note the writer gives directions cs to the proper medicine to be administered in the event of this amusement' making the cow sick . 11 is , therefore , because I consider prevention bet" ei than cure , and because the amusement may be purchased at the expence of the cow ' s life , that I recommend the cleansing to be taken

      away as soon as she relieves herself e > f it . The calf should then be taken from her , and never , under any circumstances , should it be allowed to suck her ; as in inch case , aha will frequently refuse to give her milk to the hand , while there would always be much trouble in Inducing her ia the outset after the calf has been let to her . The cow should get warm drinks , bran and water , or meal and water , with the cold just taken off and a little salt mixed in ; it , for three or four days after calving ; and if the calf : is lo be reared or vesded , it should be kept out of hearing . In about nine days tbe cow will come to her full milk . And now I will lay down rules for milking wbich never should be departed from . :

      "The usual practics is to milk cows twice a-day , whereas 1 would strongly recommend the plan of milking three times a-day , at : five in the morning , one at noon , and nine in the evening ; thus leaving eight hours between each meal . By following this plan , I will venture to say that a cow -will give one-fouith more milk than if only milked twice a-day . If a good cow is well fed , she will begin to drop her milk at least two hours before the time when abo is usually milked . If tbe milk is taken from her by the calf , it will keep tugging at her nine or ten times a-day ; and , therefore ! it appears contrary to the rules of nature that she sbouid be allowed to go twelve hours without milking . I assign a lspse of eight hours between each milking because I feel convinced that in that period she would gather a fall meal of milk . It is of all things necessary that a cow should be treated with the greatest gentleness , as

      much depends upon temper , awbich can be made for the animal by those entrusted with her management Speak kindly to a cow , pat her , ana scratch her , before you sit under her , and ate will give every drop of her milk freely : on the other ; hand , - scold her , and kick her abontthe bind legs—a very usual practice of milkmen to bring other men ' s cows into a convenient poBitiODand the odds are , . either that she upsets the milk , or refuses to give it all . For these reasons I would recommend the Bmall farmer ' always to allow his wife or daughter to perform the- operation of milking . Cows , wnen properly tre&fc-d , ate very ge&Ue animals , and always prefer being milked by those to whom they are accustomed . Before the woman begins to milk , she should wash the whole udder and .. teats well over with cold spring water , and then dry it From constant habit she will soon learn h <> w much milk the

      cow gifts ; and when she has taken within a pint of the whole , she Bbould milk that laat pint into a separate vess' 1 ; it is called the stripping * , and is twice as rich as any other portion cf the milk , and perhaps three times as rich as the first pint drawn from the cow : that i s , the pint of strippisgs will yield more cream or butter than the three pints first drawn from the cow . Great care shonld be taken to milk tbe cow as clean as possible ; in fact , not leaving a drop with her ; and immediately after she is milked she sbonld be fed .

      "If tbe milk is to be used for making butter , the greatest attention must be paid to the cltanllneas of the vessels in tbe first instance , and to toe made of keeping tbe cream and making the butter . The vessels should be all of wood , and well scoured with bay and fine sand , or gravel and hot water , and afterwards well r insed out with cold -water , and placed in tbe air to dry , before tbe milk is strained into tbem . Tbe milk may be set in summer for twenty-fonr hours , and tben skimmed , and the cream thrown into a elean crock , which is preferable lo wood for keeping cream ; while wood is preferable to earthenware for making tbe milk

      yield its cream . The strippinga taken from the cows may be thrown at once into the cream-crock , and great care should be taken to stir the cream npon each addition made to it ; a peeled willow-stick being preferred by old hands for this purpose , while I would much prefer the clean band and arm of a dairymaid , which can sweep round tbe edges better than any stick . Jn winter , the milk may stand for forty-eight hears , all the same rules being observed that 1 have laid down for summer treatment . In summer , the cream should be churned twice a week ; in winter , once a week . And , now , in order that rail the trouble should not go for nothing , I will lay down rules f er making butter .

      " As soon as your batter is thoroughly churned , all the buttermilk must be let off ; after which the bam-1-cburn should be whisked round rapidly , a little cold water having been poured in . This will purge tbe bntter of a great portion of tho buttermilk . The butter shonld tben be taken out of the churn , and taken np in htTP-e lumps , and well clapped against the bottom of a large wooden keeler , cud , being well opened with the fingers , the keeler ishould be filled with spring water , and tbe dairymaid fchould knead the butter just as a bakvr kneads his dough , changing the water as long as it has any tinge of milk ; and when the water comes off clean , then the bntter , when thoroughly discharged of the water : by another good clapping , is ready for the salt , which may be added in tbe

      proportion of about an ounce and a balf to the pound of butter . The salt sbouid be common marine salt , and should be well pounded , and made as fine as possible ; and , when thoroughly worked , the butter may be placed in the firkin , packing it as firmly as possible , care being taken Vo select your vessel , if for the wholesale market , of tbe siza most suitable to the means of filling it as speedily as possible ; that is , the man who has four cows should prefer the keg wbich will bold 30 lbs . te tbe fiikln that contains 601 bs . A good cow , such as I have described , -well fed and properly managed , will yitld 2 cwt of butter in the season , which msy be said to last from May to Decenib-r . both inclusive ; of course , she will begin to fall off after she hao been served in August , but I will take that time as an average .

      Four cows , then , will make 8 cwt . of butter in the season , or 1 cwt In each jmonth ; a firkin , or half a cwt in each fortnight ; or a keg , or quarter of a cwt . In each week . I f the farmer , hiving four cows , churns twice a-week , tben he will fill a keg at two churninga , and will always be sure- of first-quality price for his butter . Ab butter , however , is a very ticklish thing , the infcter-taster and the butter-smeller discovering the slightest imperfection , great caw must be taken in preparing it for bis inspection . I will suppose a woman te have churned fifteen pGunda <> f butter , or half a keg on Wednesday , and the butter to have been packed in the bottom of the feeg aa before recommended . Wnen she churns again on Saturday , and after thai day ' s produce baa been salted , I would

      recommend her to take the fifteen pounds made on the Wednesday , and mix the pro . - . uce of both churnings right well up together , and then pack all up in a clean keg , when it will be just aa good , and of f qual quality , as if made at one churning- The butter shuuld be then kept in a cool place , a little fine Bait being , shaken over the top , and , if the weather is very hot the keg may be placed etanding in a keeler of water I have thought it necessary to be very explicit under tbis bead for the reasons that I stated in the outset , namely , that I propose making the small farmer's dairy of four cows the staple of bis establishment , and his greatest source of Emolument , and , therefore , tha want of knowledge , or the want of management , would considerably injure him In this most vital point ; while

      the acquiremeDt cf the one , and tbe observance of the other , would constitute his greatest pleasure and greatest profit . I must , moke one observation in concluding under this head ; it is this , that the cow is to be fed in tbe house throughout every day in the year , and never to be pastured in the field ; while I must also observe that she should be driven morning and evening each day into a yard or enclosed place where she could stretch her legs , anil receive some fresh air . The house shonld be well ventilated , and ; she should never be tied by the head , or otherwise restrained , for good and sufficient reasons which I shall state hereafter . In winter , a cow likes warmth , and can bave it better in the bouse than under a h&dge . In summer , she dislikes the

      sun and the gadfly , and can be defended against both better in the house than in tbe field . I dare say there are few who have no&' seen a set of heavy milch cows with ten hours ' stock ^ of milk in their ndders , galloping with cocked toils over the country , to tbe great injury of the animal itself , and to the still greater injury of her milk . A cow sbouid , in all cases , b& kept aa cool and free from excitement as possible , and her mill : win always be in tbe best possible state . Moreover , when a . cow i s housed , yoa have tbe advantage of all the manure that she makes , - and which can be more profitably disposed of at tbe discretion of the farmer * than , by the encampment and folding system , it can bo applied by the animal itself . " :

      We have been favoured by Mr . Cleave , tbe Loncon Publisher , with a " p ^ oof * of tbefirat chapter of the forthcoming Ko . That chapter we shall jjive entire ; following it up next ^ week by the succeeding one , which enters more into detail . We are sure that it will be needless for us to do more than quote toe bare title of these chapters , to draw the eager attention of the reader to them : —

      " HOW THE TEOJECTED PLAN IS TO BE EFFECTED " In tbe two previous numbers I have given directions for the cultivation of the several erops that I consider most necessary for ] tbe smaii farmer , while I bave abstained from clogging the work wilh any notice of matters not necessary for him to know anything about in the cutset ; and the next duty that I am called

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      upon to p ! -rform > -i 3 that of instructing the working sjaneesastotheoifiana by whit& . iaad may ba acquired for carrj ; ng out the plan . ,-Tho nwibid and insensate submisstoa of tha . working classes of this country to the rule dominion and controul * not of the laws , but of the . slaveowners , } would hava discouraged me from my present -Wdertafclng . had 1 not witnessed & desire npon the paxt of the people themselves to discover some practical means whereby they may rid themselves of tbe galling yoke of capital , more , f « more : oppressive than the utmost tyranny of the law . Opposed as I am to the BhedihngT * human blood , and to the taking away of human life , under any circumstance ; whatever , and Wooiy aa . the Eu ^ isfa laws fotmerl y wete , they w « e mild jatbsir Woodiest form , tame in their most savage aspect , moderate in their atmoat vengeance , and preserving in the midst of the most reckless destruction , when compared with the havoc , the desolation , the persecution , and Wholesale murders committed by the capitalists of England .

      "If you beat of a political prisoner being badly treated in prisonf-if you hear of a fellow-creature who has died in a poor-house—if you witness the execution of a murderer , whose guilt taay eitberbe doubtful , or mitigated m bemoasness by some extenuating circumstances , —you damn the law , denouncotba institutions and tevilo the Government ; whllo you tamel y witness the victims of the capitalist , to whom denth in any shape would be a Telief . Yo « i see men ; of thirty years of age withered hnd prematurely decayed , reduced to the direnece&sity ; of sweeping the streets for their taskmasters , although ' their virtuous parents bad given large premiums for their instruction in sonie trade , protection for which

      , they vainl y . hoped , waa guaranteed by the laws of England . You see these men , and wandering panpers Btillimore destitute ; and tba only feeling that their condition arouses is that of comparative satisfaction that . las yet , your lot is preferable to theirs . Tbeiawa have not injured those men' in any respect : on the contrary , Itaere are lawa upon the statute-book unrepealed , which , if administered , would protect them ; and which are not administered because money has become more powerful than law , and money , not justice , is consequently the fountain of English law . This is a great and crying grievance arising out of a great National Debt , the payment of the interest of which absorbs all other considerations , and turns our houses

      of representation into banking concerns and offices for the transaction of money matters , rather than legislative assemblies for the good government of the people . 1 i Every country has a peculiar interest npon which its institutions are based ; and all laws are made with reference to the' main or leading interest . A debt of £ 800000 , 00 ( 1 with a cavalcade of hirelings and mercenaries , parsons and paid sycophants ; being the pivot upon which our laws must turn , all are made , directly or indirectly , with the view of upholding this principal Interest Formerly , agriculture was the principal interest of the country , and hence laws were formerly made with reference to agriculture . Manufactures then sprung up , and laws for their government

      were grafted npon our agricultural stock . The great ambition to insure ascendancy for the latter , embroiled us in expensive ^ v&rs with the world ; and the debt , the fruit of those wars , bas exhausted both stock and grass , and qur government is consequently compelled to sink all consideration of aariculture and manufactures , further than they imay fee subservient to our monetary system . Hence , then , we arrive at-the conclusion , either that the debt mast be wiped off or compounded for , or that some expedient shall be devised , which win have the effect of relieving the non-debtor from its pernicious effects , apd of saddling it upon the real debtor wbe will Very speedily find a remedy for an abuse wbich only affects himself , while he will be slow in looking for it as Iodr as other shoulders bear its weight

      " In my several communications to the working classes upon the land question , I have endeavoured so to familiarize their mind with the BUbject , aB to prepare them for the adoption of the small farm plan upon such a system as would be most likely to lead to a successful result ! . One thing is quite dear , and all believe have now seen it ; it is this—that the government ie not inclined to make any organic change in tbe constitution ; while , without such change , it is not able to BDggest any plan for tbe correction of those social evila which nffltct society , without incurring the disapprobation and opposition of tbe several classes wbo have lived , thriven , and prospered upon things as they are . Having , therefore , arrived at the conclusion that tbe people have nothing to expect in the way of change

      from the government , it becomes the paramount dnty of their friends to point out how the n quired change in thttir condition can be effected without fuica or fraud . And -tltaouga it jis quite clear that such , change would be nopalatable to the revellers in abuse , if produced by an angel from heaven and in strict accordance with tht Almighty ' s will and in eonfoimity with the terms of bis imperishable laws , yet have I ventured to brave all opposition for the geueral good . Not only have I been opposed by a portion of tbe press ; but , still worse , I have met with the ignorant snarl of some working men , or rather men who profess to work for working men , and whose opposition is based upon personal vanity , disappointed ambition , hostility to myself , and a jealousy founded npon their own Ignorance of the subject . " It is u very lamentable fact , that , in the midst of general distress , the " people's professing frionds" invariably meet propositions which do not originate witb themselves , with ; a cold-blooded and vindictive

      opposition . 8 omB foolish egotists have gone bo far as to draw conclusions from tho present Btato of Ireland , where they assert that tbe small farm svtstem has Orodaced slavery , dependence and misery , for the purpose of discouraging the English working cluases from an agricultural life . < Such writers art * mere wordy copyists , puffing theorists , ignorant dogmatists , self-sufficient coxcombs , who know no more of Ireland than they know of Japan , and who ara aa hopelessly ignorant of Ihe capabilities of the land as the ox that treads or tbe bird that flieB over it . The curse of Ireland has been , not tbe small farm , but tbe large farm system ; while tbe requirement for a provision for the poor has arisen out of tne abrogation of small allotments . I uevt » approved ol the political use made of Irish fortyshining freeholders ; but tbe disfrancbiaement , and constq lent ouster , of that numerous body baa led to the present state of pauperism by which Ireland is cursed , and has given rise to a bad system of poor-laws aa & anbstitnta . ¦

      " Those who are ignorant upon the question of Irish agriculture and who desire instruction upon tbe subject , will do well to read the work of that excellent gentleman , Mr . Blacker , upon small farms ; always receiving it with great caution , for the following reasons : —firstly , it is written by the land-steward of a nobleman , wbo would not find it his interest to go into a searching enquiry of tbe title , tbe powers , and the uses mada of those powers by the landlord-class . Secondly , it merely , developes the result of some very trifling experiments made with success , without reference to any general principled Thirdly , he speaks more with reference to the improvement of tbe land than witb reference to the i jiprovements of tbe tenants' condition ; the one

      being permanent ; and conferring a permanent benefit , through increased rent , upon the landlord , while the other is merely temporary , and ia too often the cause of ouster , as ameanB of acquiring increased rent , while i t entails an additional rent upon tbe improving tenant at tbe expiration of hi * lease . But , above all , tbe objection that I have to- drawing any conclusion from Mr . Blacker ' s book beyond tbe irrefutable proof of the capabilities of the soil which it affords , is , that in almost every onelof bis reported cases we find improvement tested by the addition of a horse to tbe small farmers Block ; althcush his holding may not conriat of more tban seven or eight acres . Moreover , the average size of farms treated of in Mr . Blacker ' s book usually

      consist of from four to five times as much land as one man can profitably manage . " As it Is necessary that I should answer the sophistries of those ignorant parties , who would urge tbe state of Ireland in opposition to the small farm plan , I may here remind tbem , that every advance in the large farm system has led £ 0 increased pauperism in Ireland , while it has contributed to an increased glut of Irish labourers in the English market . The first proof that I adduce iu support of this assertion is , that the ousting of the forty-shilling freeholders led to great distress . The second proof that I adduce is , that tbe ousting of Catholic tenants from small holdings , upon which the Reform Bill conferred the franchise , has considerably augmented tbe distress . The third proof that 1 adduce

      is , that the rage for introducing Scotch farmers , to carry eut tbe system of feeding upon turnips , bas induced many landlords to oust small tenants , ' with a view of possessing themselves of tbe farms , in tbe hope of redeeming their ! shattered fortunes by an improved Bystem of agriculture ; while , under a general summary , it sbouid be understood that my system of small farms ¦ ncnld ba incomplete unless based apotit the principle of a real " fixity , of tenure ; " the want of which in Ireland operates more injuriously against the small farmer than it ' . ' oes against tbe large farmer . Thus , ithe large farmer , with a * lease , or accepted proposal on blank paper , which , when stamped at any time tbe tenant pleases , ma ; be converted iuto an equitable title , may contend against tbe legal pereecution of hia landlord ; while neither lease nor ? accepted proposal we any protection whatever to the tenant who only occupies fifteen or

      twenty acres of ground , and who is unable to resist tbe demand ef tbe landlord for its surrender whenever he may think proper to require it . Hence , the ability of the landlord to repossess himself of a ' small farm discourages the tenant from increasing its value even by industry , as the improvement is sore to lead either to additional rent 0 * a turnout . This verj system of bidding over the heads of small farmers with leases who have improved their little holdings , baa led to more murders than any other circumstince ; nay to nearly every murder that bas beeu committed in Ireland for th « last forty-three years , nearly each ; and every one of which are chargeable upon the tyrant landlords , landsharks , land-agents , and middlemen , ant-i not upon the maddened ,, plundered , and infuriated ; peasant , who , in the wildneu of despair , takes that vengeance in lieu of the satisfaction which the law denies ' him .

      •• From these facto , tben , the English reader will learn that Irish pauperism , Irish crime , Irish slavery , and Irish murders are consequences of oppression and misrule ; and that the want of the small farm system , and not its existence , is the immediate cause of Irish distress- I defy any man living to point out any ringle act of treachery commuted by an Irish peasant arising out of any dispute in the adjustment of which he bad received anything approaching to justice . The fact is , that foreign invaders have possessed themselves of tbe

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      country , and woa ' il s ' . ! g-nat z ; the natives 39 barbarians for their virtuous resistance t •>• tbe most cold-b ! aoded tjranny , cumulated under tbe p \ aa of loyalty , necessity , and d& 7 otipu to . English connection . Hare , though , out ofpluce , I may be permitted to say , thai the English people never have been the [ opDreasors of Ireland ; while the Irish-English have been tbe ruin of both countries , invariably constituting tbe English minister ' s strength for the maintenance of Church ascendancy ami suppression of popular rights . To correct the several

      evi / s of which all now complain ; to reconcile the people of both countries In a bond of union and brotherhood ; to destroy the social inequality | so destructive of peaca , prosperity , and hairmoDy , I aeejno remedy but an abanl donment of our present artificial position , and a near approximation to the laws of natrure . With these views , then , I proceed to dsvtilope thejmeans by which society may acquire 0 . footing so firm ( tbat it » peace shall not be in danger from the madness of despair , from agricultural restrictions , commercial speculations 01

      , ministerial change . '' j ministerial change . '' | Next week the reader shall , have that " developement . " In the mean time we aTe sura that he has seen enough ofj the Work arid its purely p > - ucticAl nature , to induce him to seeW further acquaintance with it . He will not regret doing so .

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      ENFIEIiD . — Middlesex . —A public meeting of the Kiifidd Peaco Society took place on Monday evening at the Temperance j Hall , Ponder ' s End . M . M . Monroe . Eaq ., took the chair . Several exc ; 1-lent speeches were delivered during tho evening by Metsrs . Crawford . Paine , Roberts and others , entreating the young men not to leave their homes and friends , to become the hired asaassina of Kings and Priests . Many ladies were present , who appeared highly delighted with the proceedings of the evening . Sjgns op the Times . —Ia jthe parish of Enfield , Middlesex , a place not more thau ten miles from London , there are 100 houses to let , and some hundreds of awes of excellent land—uncultivated , which would give good employment to the starving labourers , if spade labour was encouraged by the rich stock jabbers .

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      Mr . S . Crawford states that 70 , 000 Irishmen are ejected from their holdings every year . I ) R . CHALMERS has publicly announced his adherence to the principle of Voluntaryism . IN the Clifton Z > ological Gardens a pointer bitch is now suckling a young leopard , j THUBSDAY , a DETACHMENT of the 49 lh regiment , from India , arrived at Walmer barracks ; the remainder are expected daily . I BV THE FAILURE OF A BANK at New York , Fanny Ellsler bas lost all she acquired in America , about 120 , 000 dollars . j It was reported at Bon ' a , by a merchant vessel , that the Bey of Tunis had been murdered by his nephew . The Subscription raising for Miss Martineau , who refused the pension off = re < S by tba late Government , reaches the sum of £ 1 , 000 .

      The Ddke op Wellington is prepared to concentrate the troops in Ireland , ancl all tbe small deiachmerits will be called in . i A Company of the Sappers ) and Miners from Woolwich , under Captain Hawqrth , | B . E ., arrived in Dublin on Wednesday . To THE intended new dock at Liverpool , called the Albert-dock , the estimated quantity of cast-iron is no less than seven thousand tons , j THE Misses Porter married to Col Faweett and Lieutenant Munrp are nieces of ] Miss Jane Porter , author of tbe " Scottish Chiefs . " The Vice Chancellor ( has decided , that the trustees of Lord Forbes were safe in lending £ 100 , 000 on Irish landed security . j A PROPOSITION is made in the Cork Town Council , that the salary of the Mayor 8 bW not in future exceed three hundred pounds a year . 1

      Exhorbitant TAXATio . \ .-i-The county cess is so high as sixteen shillings tbe acre in Corfcaguiney , Kerry —balf the rent ! j the Government rum contnwt , for one hundred thousand gallons , balf East and balf West India , has been taken at is . 5 id- per gallon . A FEMALE child was lately born at Great Wlgston , with two teeth , both of which have since fallen from the gums . Its mother's name waa JLines . ElTHRR wak willdo— "Will you have m « Sarah ?" Baid a young man to a raodeatgirl . "No John , " said she , " but sou may have me if you will . " THE entire assets of a recent bankrupt ware nine small children . The creditors acted magnanimously and let him keep them . J THE CHURCH liturgy is to | be Introduced into tho morning services of the Wtsleyan chapel , Fawcet-street , Sunderland . i

      To the List of the magistrates superseded we have further to add the names of j John Maher , Esq ., and Victor Ernanuel OFlrrell . Esq ] THE DEAN AND Chapter of Wells Cathedral have made arrangements for the thoroneh repair of this beautiful structure at an expense of £ 70 , 000 . THE distraints upon ( he Socioty of Friends this year , chiefly for ecclesiastical purposes , are about £ 10 000 . I THE Charivari announces that MM . Lametmais and Lamartine were each preparing an appeal to France in favour of Ireland . j SO GREAT was the opposition among tbe venders of vegetables in Sbeernoss , last weWk , that green peas were actually offered fur saly at three farthings per peck . A learned DeciOR fcas ' given bis opinion that tight lacing ia a public benefit ] inasmuch as it kills all tbe foolish girls , and leaves the wise ones to grow into

      women . Electioneering AnxietJy . "Poor Mr . Smith bas fallen down dead of an apoplexy , " said a gentleman on tbe hustings . " Has he polled t" asked one of the candidates . j In the year 1815 , no less' than 166 persons lost their lives by coal-pit explosions , within a circuit of four miles , in tbe counties of Durham and Northumberland , j The Fornham Park Estate belonging te the Duke of Norfolk , near Bury St . Edmunds , was lately sold for £ 75 550 ; tbe timber to be paid for by valuation . Lord John Manners is the purchaser . Lately , a Worthy Bookseller and publisher in Paternoster Row announced ibat , in bis shop , " a glass of Water , and a tract , might be hail for nothing ! " Great numbers availed themselves of ihe temperate offer .

      SIR W . Herschel has discovered that nitrate of soda and the hydro-sulphate ofj soda , both remarkably bitter substances , produce wnen mixed together , the sweetest preparation known , j THE VEGETABLE MARKET was literally glutted with peas last Saturday , some of which were actually sold at two-pence per peck ! Good scimitars fetched no more than sixpence per peck . —Brighton Gazette . Wonderful Pump—It is jsaid there is a pump on Lang Island possessing the surprising power of converting one quart of milk into three pints ! We don't beiieve a word of it . —Hornet . \ A FRENCH peasant drowned himself the other day , at Chaharus , in order that bis first-born , as the eldest son of a widow , might escape the' conscription which had fallen upon him . There is a Man so absent that be mistook bis wife

      for a pair of bellows ; and alleged bis thorough conviction of the illusion , by her always blowing him up instead of tbe fire j Novel Exportation . —Last week , Capt . Bouch , of the Emerald Isle steamer , from Hull to Rotterdam , had on board ten donkeys for exportation—to improve the foreign breed , we presume , j Irish Cattle . —Tbe following are tbe numbers of pigs , sheep , cattle , and horses imported into Bristol from Ireland during tbe last six months : —Pigs , 44 , 108 ; shetp , 15 k ; cattle . 318 ; horses , 33 . j II is IN contemplation by the postmaster-general , to consoiuiate the general and ; twopenny post-offloea . The alteration will expedite considerably the delivery of letters in London . j The Brighton theatre was broken open and robbed on Tuesday week . The treasury being empty , the thieves only obtained two gold seals and ten pence in coppers .

      THE GRAND JURIES of Armagh , Tyrone , and Leltrim , met at tbe Bummer Assizes , bave unanimously signed petitions against the Repeal of the Union . — Banner of Ulster . j Letters from Philadelphia state that Mr . Nicholas Biddle is labouring under an alienation of mind . His friends are said to experience gVeat apprehension as to the termination of this most dreadful affliction . A novel mode of advertising for a wife has been adopted by an inhabitant of BJinbury , Oxfordshire : — A Daguerrotype pertrait of tbe gentleman is placed in a shop with the following notice underneath— " Wanted , a * female companion to the above : apply within . " A Significant SIGN . —Tho ; present workhouse in Sheffield , formerly an extensive cotton mill , iatobe considerably enlarged ; tbe j estimated expense 1 b £ 10 009 , which will be advanced by the Treasury in Exchequer bills , at 4 per [ cent . The loan is to be repaid by annual instalments , j

      Upwards of 200 unemployed -working mea of South Shields have thrown themselves on the parish , and are now employed breaking stones , jand covering the church yard with gravel , at Is . per day , whilst others have gone into the workhouse , where ; they receive the food of the bouse , and lodgings . —Durham Chronicle . A paragraph has been making tbe tonr of some of tbe newspapers , to the tffect that the army in Ireland amounts to above 84 , 000 men . [ This statement is based in error . Our force in tbat country , including all arms and ranks , does not at present exceed 20 , 000 men . — Untied Service Gazette .

      Durham Election . —There are strong reasons to believe that the friends of Mr . Purvis intend to petition against the election of Mr . Bright for Durham , on the ground of the intimidation exercised by Lord Londondeny on his tenants in favour of Mr . Bright—Times . . Mortal Bits of an Adder .-On Monday seiinight , as a little girl , aged four years , daughter of James Angrove , a labourer at Common Moor , near Bed Gate , in the parish of St , Clear , was at play a short distance from her residence , she was bit twice on the baud by an adder , and the poor little sufferer died en the foUowinfcday . -B ^ Britain .

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      The works of Alfieri have been recently prohibited bj the c-n"orsGip of Paternn ; anrl the consent , which bod b-jtn reluctantly given , i ^ r the printing of Thler 3 " a History of the French Revolution , has been withdrawn . On Tuesday , wbilit a man , named Gsorsre Harding " , was bathing in the river Avon , near Willsoriiige . after swimming nearly across the river , fce sank . He h * s left a wife and four small children tolameuu his lots , and bis wife is near her confinement . Longevity —There are at present seventeen paupers chargeable to tbe h 3 inict of Cosdfrauk , Jn the NdatQ U-riou , whose united ages amount to 1 . 37 T years , tbe average age of eaeb being 81 . Tee age of the oldest m 102 .

      Several turitfy' wives , on ths occasion of a recent bank failure iu Loice&tershire , wished to " prove" for notea of tbe broken bank , which tbey had hoarded unknown to their husbands ; but tfie C'om / nisaioner told them they must send their liege lprdB . ' Good Breeding . ' —Thomas Hart , beer-seller , Halliwtli , christened his twenty-nicth child on Sunday week . Of that number twenty-five are still alive , and shonld the prolific pair live a few years , farther additions to their family may be expected . The house of J . J . Meyer and Co ., of Mulhausen , has suspended ita payraentB . It waa encaged in the construction of locomotive and other steam engines . Their debts are said to be 1 , 200 . 090 franca , one half of which is due to a banking house at Mulhausen ..

      The Dublin Mail Coach to Galway , was upset oa Friday week , at the bridge of Athlone ; C > pt Williams , Eugiceers , on his way to Castlebar , to inspect tbe barracks , had kin thigh broken , and the driver bad hia ankle dislocated . George the Third and Horne Tooke— " Do yoa ever play cards ? " inquired George III- of Horne To-vke . ' * Please your Maj « sty , " was the reply . " I am so Httla acquainted with the court cards , as not to know a king ttprua knave . Expense of the Expedition to China . —A Parliamentary return just published , shows , that the sums paid , or to be paid , on account of the war with China , amount to £ 2 , 879 , 873 , of which sum i £ 80 * 964 are required to ba voted in 1843 44 , as balance due to too East India Company .

      A few dats ago , the gamekeeper of Strowan , west of Crieff , in company with another keeper , witnessed a woodcock flying with , one of its young between its feet far upwards of fifteen yards . Many of our readers may not be aware : that the woodcock is seldom if ever known to hatch in this climate . At Tt rome asaizas , on Thursday , the parties engaged in the late riot at Carland , nine at one side and seven on the other , were sentenced to imprisonment fer terms varying from two to nine months ; in each case the prisoners to find bail to keep the peace for seven years . . The appeal of Vidocq against the sentence of the Tribunal of Correctional Police , which condemned him to fiire years imprisonment and five years surveillance , came on before the Court Royal on Saturday . The court reversed tbe sentence Vidocq was immediately set at liberty , and waa warmly congratulated by his friends .

      From the contents of a private letter received from New South Wales , it appears Beaumont Smith , whose name obtained such publicity in connection with the Exchequer bill fraud , is employed as a kind of clerk to tbe superintendent of the Cascade Station , about fifty miles up the country from Hobart Town . THE Railway Magazine saya " we are glad to see tbat . the authorities are beginning to move again in tbe extension of wood pavement . Queen-street , High Kolborn , and Biahopgate-street , bave been for about a fortnight begun , and are proceeding with rapidity on tbe Metropolitan Wood P . vvement Company ' s plan . ' * Tobacco Imports . —Tae quantity or tobacco imported from the United States during the past year , as given in returns just presented to the House of Commons , amounted to 38 , 618 , 0121 bs ., being a decrease of several thousand pounds as compared with the preceding year ,

      Father Mathew in America . —^ Thia great Apostle of Temperance will not be able to visit tbis country daring the present year . He has , however , notiied the Catholic Abstinence Society of Pailadelphia tbat be wiil meet them next year . Plenty of work for him here . —New York Herald . Patrick Leary , private of tbe 69 fc . h , who waa arrested on his own confession at New Brunswick , for the murder of tbe Rev . Mr . Ferguson , at Timoleague , in 1832 , bas arrived at Cork under escort , and is lodged in the gaol . He now denies knowing anything whatsoever of the murder , and represents the whole thing as a fabrication . It is stated , in a Jat « French paper , that an experiment has been tried by some medical gentlemen at Pad * , of inflating the lungs of a still-born infant , when , in a few moments , ths blood began to circulate , and the child waa returned to ita parents alive . It ia now five mouths old and doing well .

      A woman of tbe commune of Conde-anr-Marne , a few days back , perceiving a wolf in the street of the village where she resided , did not hesitate to attack it , strike it down , and finally master it , though not without receiving several wounds . A jffint vf one ef her fingers was bitten off by the animal . A Doctor Boardman , of Hartford , America , lost hia life on the 25 tn ult ., from taking kreosote for the toothache . A particle of it got into his throat , and caused such an inflammation as to stop the breathing passage If a regular physician cannot safely take it himself , certainly it is u . dangerous article for others to use . The Earl op Caw dor , Lord Dynever , and the Hon . Colonel G .-orge Bice Trevor , M . P ., and moat of the gentry of South Wales , have , in consequence of toa Rebeccaite disturbances , determined to build barracks at Carmarthen for the military , by public subscription , to add to the security of that district

      Marie Bari , a French woman , was convicted at the Mansion-house of having smuggled a large quantity of cigars from an Ostend steamer . She carried them in a most ingeniously contrived petticoat , which she completely padded witb cigars , and yet created no disproportion in the figure of the wearer . She was Sued £ 100 , and sent to prison in default of payment . Two of tbe principal thoroughfares in Belfast hava been lately paved with cylindrical blocks of wood sunk into tbe ground perpendicularly . The pavement is at present as level as a drawing-room floor , and the various vehicles which are eontiau&Uy passing over it do not create much more noise than they would produce npon a bowling green .

      Rock Salt is more abundant in Cheshire than in any part of Great Britain , where the deposits lie along the line of tho valley of the river Weaver , in am . 11 patches , about Nortawich . The saltjwaa acoidently discovered in tbe year 1670 , in sinking a coal pit at Marbury , about a mile from Northwich ; about 60 , 000 tons are annually taken from the pits in the vicinity of the town . Sad complaints are made In Switzerland of the destruction caused by the overflowing of small rivers . On the evening of the 13 th , the Saane , by Freiburg , suddenly Jeft its channel , aa though sluices bad been unexpectedly opened . The rivulet Serrae bas become a mighty stream ; in summer it \ b often dry , but the water has now reached a height of twenty feet , and ia a musket-shot across .

      Something Unusual . —Among tbe things worthy of particular notice connected with Father Mathew ' s visit to Manchester is tbe fact , that en Wednesday morning week twenty professional gentlemen , all from Bury , took the pledge before the Rev . gentleman . In the number is included lawyers , clergymen , and surgeons : Cockroaches —To destroy these , mix one ounce of arsenic with four ounces of tallow , and melt them together iu-an earthen pipkin . When thoroughly incorporated by&tirring , and partially cooled , small pieces of wood should be dipped in the mixture , which will . form . a coating over the wood . If these pieces of wood are placed in thoae parts of your kitchen which the cockroaches frequent , they will attack them greedily , and perish

      Doctor Lucas . —This celebrated Irishman , having , after a very sharp contest , carried the election as a representative in Parliament for the city of Dublin , was met a few days after by a lady , whose whole family was very warm in the interests of the unsuccessful candidate . - " Well Doctor , " says Bhe , " I find yon have gained the-electlon ? " Yes , Madam . " " No wonder . Sir , " all the blackgarda voted for you . " " No , Madam , your two sons did not , " replied the Doctor . A Natural Check-string . — -It is well known that Lord Monboddo averred tbat men were originally born with tails , but they bad worn tbem off with Bitting on tbem : In a disquisition as to what use tails could by any possibility have been to any body , " Oh yes / said a lady , with great neivette , " they would have been good thiiiga for coachmen , as ihey would serve fer check strings "

      In consequence of the dearth with which the Prussian Rhenish provinces are Efflicted , the King of Prussia has ordered barges laden with corn and flout to be Bent from Treves up the Rhine , the Moselle , and the Sarre , and to deliver supplies at every Village . The inhabitants having a ticket from the magistrates are allowed to take as much as they want , on engaging to return the same qnantity after the harvest Light Sovereigns . —it has been discovered , ithat a considerable number of light sovereigns and half sovereigns have been making their appearance in the metropolis for the last few months ; and it is ascertained , that the bullion dealers and Jews in Paris , Rotterdam , Hamburg , and other parts of the continent , have been re-exporting to this country all the light gold they have had in exchange during and since the panic

      BRITISH Museum . —The number of persons admitted to view the general collections during the past year amounted to 547 , 718 , being an increase over the previous year of 228 344 ; and the number of visits made to the reading-roems for the purpose of study or research was 71 , 706 , being an increase over the corresponding year ef 2 , 403 . Tne number of visits by artists and students to the galleries of sculpture has been 5 , 627 , and the number of " visits to the print-room 8 , 781 . John Woods , the livery-stablekeeper of Londonwall , and who has a country-house at 14 , Bath-street , Dalston , waa last week fined , ten shillings , for brutally ill-uaing a poor workhouse girl who was in his service , by tying her up to the manger , and beating her with a halter . The Magistrate at first inflicted a fine of £ 5 , but reduced it , on the defendant ' s conaeniing to give the girl £ 3 as compensation for tbe injury &o bad laflirted . . jA V , - j ' -i " . -

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 5, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct493/page/3/