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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th September 1843, Edition 2 of 5, Page 4, Untitled Ad

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    • PORTRAIT OF W. P. ROBERTS. ESQ.
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER £>, 1843.
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      Untitled Ad

      Mi . O'Cokkok has received communications from many districts in all of -which a very great desire is expressed to have a portraii of Mr . Roberts , the people ' s Attorney-General . We cannot wonder that a strong wish should be entertained to possess a Iiikeness of so truly amiable , talented , and true a man ; and although ire know tbat Mr . O'Connor bad determined to gift no more Portraits , yet we have the pleasure to announce that all Subscribers for Three Months , from Saturday , the 16 th of Sept , trill receive A P 0 ETRA 1 T OF W . P . BOBERTS , THE PEOPLES ATTORNEYGENERAL .

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      wpQ veiSH & Bom ? &it Sntttliztnte

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      MILITARY REVOLT AT MADRID . The Paris Moniieur , of Monday , publishes the fol-Jowin * telegraphic despatch!—Ba-sotxb , Sept . 3—In the night of the 29 th to tb&-Wth , a battalion of the Regiment del Principe re-Totted at Madrid . The me * demanded their discharge , ¦ wiich had been promised to them . This battalion was Sttmediately aisanned . Five scrgeania , two corporals , sad oeb private -were shot on the morning of the 3081 , in presence of the garrison , -which appeared to be de-Toted to the Government . The QnseB and Infanta Tettnmed to Ma d rid on fee evening of the 301 b . They -were received -with the -wannest enthxaiasm . Madrid was petfectly tran-QnlL . .... ... . .

      The Madrid GassSe of the S 8 th ultimo contains a decree of the Minister of the Interior , prescribing that as soon as the elections for the Cortes shall hare been terminated , all the provincial deputations . shall be relieved , and enter on their functions tee first of Novemi > er next . This decree had created considerable sensation at Madrid , as it was considered & violation of the constitution .

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      1 : The British Packet , a Buenos Ayres paper , of the ] 1 st of July has arrived , according to which the 1 m-., penal t roo p s , under Baron d e C a zi as , have gained a j lietory in Bio Grand , and wholl y put to flight the ' , rebels frith their leaders , Canovarro and Nieto , 1 which , it is said , Trill much inconvenience Rivera : and his supporters , since they had hoped to supply ; themselves with fnnds to carry on the war . by the j raisin g 5 0 0 , 000 dollars on the mortgage of the Cns- i tom-fconse duties for 1844 . It is also asserted that ! so closel y pressed is the Montevidean President for ! money t © fnrnish his troops -with necessary equip- j zcent and provisions , as to have effected a sale of the , Government-honse for 80 , 000 dollars ; bat these i Btitements of course must be received with all due »¦ W \ » J J fc i h 1 11 WVt fW « M IJ ¦ ¦!* W A W ^** w ****• * * *•*» " ¦ » ^™ " » W

      — —* ** *** ** j allowance for the exaggeration the conductors of the , press of South America indulge in , especially when j rival interests are concerned asd aa opponent is ) sought to "be crushed . This same paper alleges a j serious fracas to have occurred ^ between Senor Regis , ' « f the Brazilian Legation , and an Italian named Gerabaldi , wherein the former , not having received the satisfaction he considered due to his post on ap- , plication to the authorities , had withdrawn his sup- \ port by retiring on board the Brazilian . sqnadronj outside Ihe roadstead , till he had communicated with ' . Ms Government on the subject of the insult . Gara- ! baldi is said to be & person of bad character , and the refusal of Senor Regis to meet him , in expla ^ a- ; tion of some aspersions respecting his career of life , appears t « be the orig in of t his di plomatic mBult , the Jlontevidean Government , when called upon to

      int e rf e re , treating the matter more as a private dispute than one in which they ought officially to exercise their power . Altogether this story deserves Jittle notice beyond beJDg addnced as another of the attempts on the part of Rosas and Ms adherents to excite foreign powers against Rivera and his followers . At the date of this paper there were 121 vessels in port , of which thirty-two were British , and eleven American . Excbangeon England w&s at the rate of 3 d . per paper dollar . By this opportunity Valparaiso accounts to the 18 th of May have been received . Peru , it is stated , continued disturbed , but Chili was tranquil , Sales of grey calicoes and shir tings had been effected , although stocks generally were very heavy . American grey cloths , twentyeig h t inch , had sold at cf cents , per yard Id bond . Freight was £ 1 10 s . to £ 3 ; and the exchange 45 dollars to 45 dollars .

      New Zealand papers to the 27 th of April have also i © ometo hand . The Hew Zealand Gaxttte and Wei-EngUm Spectator gives a long account of the flourishing condition of Port JSicholson , but the article is founded on materials so frail thai the prosperity "boasted will not bear investigation . Wagea fori jaechanics are averaged at from £ 2 to £ 3 per week , i and for labourers £ 1 10 s . to £ 1 16 s . bat provisions j aie ^ enoxmeuslj dear , were these rates in reality ] paid . But this , unfortunately , 13 not the ca ? e . When i the work is to be perforaed , there is great difncul tv in 1 obtaining it even -when much reduced terms " are i

      agreed for . j The Piressiis Finance Minister , M . Bodelsch- < wing . has just published certain fiaancial returns . ! According to them , 11 , 644 vessels entered Prussian f ports in 1842 , of which 6 , 5 » 4 wereforeign , and 5 316 ) Prussian . The Prussian vess * 1 b were of 469 000 ' lasts , the foreign shipping but ef 393 , 000 . The popn- 1 lation of the Prussian monarchy is declared to be i 15 , 300 , 000 sonls . It appears that Holland is abou to yield on the great gaesuon of the free navigation of i the Rhine—Frankfort Journal .

      Mxsotbr , Ang . 27 . —Our harvest , which is partly got in , is jaost abundant , and all other productions promise to yield great crops , though they will be much later than usual . On this acconntthe magistrates in several districts have already resolved that , to secure the crops from injury , the commencement of the shooting season ( which shouldbe on thelst of September ) shall be deferred till further notice , according to circumstances . Tbb BaxsicTsxdi— 'Els ^ sose . —The number of ships that passed the Sound in July was—From the Nor th Sea , 880 ; from the Baltic , 1 , 208 ; total 2088 . The FiPg ^ sh ships were—Prom the North Sea ; 204 j from the Baltic , 237 } total , 441 . —Hamburgh papers * Sepl ^ l .

      Sfxm . —Pxbis , Sept . 3 . —Ihe DebaU has telegra phic news . irom Bareelona of the 29 ih . Great dis ^ aieinde prevailed . Bioters had pullei down ihe elfletoral liste from the doors « f the provincial depotasion . Ko . troops had arrived acd ihia in-« .-e » ed the agitation .

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      Thb East . —The Levant mail has brought Constantinople letters of tho 17 th . ^ The Porte seemed inclined to pursue an anti-Christian course of policy . The massacre of the Nestorians had caused great sensation . Jzzst Pacha had been appointed to inquire into the disturbances of Bosnia . Accounts from Erzeroum were not satisfactory . Kegotiations w e re susp e nded , and the Persians collecting troops . The plague had made its appearance . We have received a private letter from our correspondent at Constantinople , dated the 17 ih ult .,

      at which period considerable asxiety prevailed in that city in consequence of a demand made by the Rns 3 i&n Minister lo the Porte for permission to march a corps d * armte of 20 , 000 men to t he Servian fron t ier , to enforce the entire fulfilment of the conditions imposed by the Emperor on the Servians . At that period , however , the result of the great meeting of the Servian proprietors which was held at Krojavatz on the 8 th ult . was not known at Constantinople , nor the consequent departure from the Servian territory of Wuacitsch and Petroniewitsch , which puts an end to all difficulties on the subject .

      The Zurich Gazette of the 31 st ult ., con tai ns the following : — " Civil war has broken out . Dr . Barman left this morning with a mission , from ihe Government . Last evening , the patriots of St . Gingulph , De Vonry , and Da Montey , entered thiB place ; they are commanded by M . Toris . Refreshments were served to them in the Abbey , where they passed the night . They sang patriotic airs . This morning they left , takin g wi t h them two p ieces of artillery . "

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      Setsbai , Fabms in the conaty of Cork are out of lease by the death of Mr . James Healy , of Newmarket . 10 B . D SIDABT DE Rotbesat . is about to retire from his embassy at St . Petersburg !) . His Lordship haa , for some time back , been labouring under physical indisposition , and the arduous duti 9 s of an embassy , growing daily more important and delicate , will soon be an overmatch for bis increasing infirmities . Loss OF the Qubes Steam -Packst . —Intelligence reached Dublin on Monday afternosn of the wreck of the steam- " » essel the Qieen , Ciptain Gardner , trading between that port and Bristol . She sailed from Bristol for Dublin on Friday morning , and it was on her conrao thither that she was lost The crew , with the exception of one man , were saved , but the cargo was lost .

      ParliaMEKtart Retdrks . —Ab a proof the enorroons and unnecessary expense to which the country is yearly put by members of Parliament moving for retHrns , it may ba staled that during the last session one return connected with one of the metropolitan prisons moved for in the House of Commons occupied three clerks upwards of thirty days , and contained , amongst other particulars , upwards of 13 , 000 names . It was also so "weighty that it was almost more than a man could carry , and the printing of it cost abont £ 2000 . — Times . The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have issued orders that from henceforward the Madeira , West Indian , M e xic a n , and Mediterranean mails , are to be embarked and landed at Southampton , instead of at Falmouth , bywhieh the steam-ships wUl be allowed to proceed direct to tbe ^ r destinations , and the delays that have hitherto occurred will be avoided . —Standard .

      Dreadtcl Attempt to Murder os Sapfron Hill . —Daring the whole of Wednesday morning , in the neighbourhood of Saffron Hill , much excitement prevailed , in consequence of & Tumour prevailing that an Italian , whose Christian name is Dominic , and vrho is a vendor of images , had been murdered by a countryman , who gave the name of Raymond Lacade , following the same trade . It appears that the two men , the previous day , tosk lodgings at No . 6 , Siffron-hill , occupied by a general dealer of the name of Short In the evening . they went to the King ' s Head , Leatherlane , where a raffle waa to take place . Some words arose there abent the numbers thrown by each with the dice . On reaching home the dispute w&s renewed between the two men , which eventually ended in a

      pugilistic conflict , in the course of which each grasped the other by the throat Words passed to the effect that one would choke the other , when the man in custody replied , that he would not be choked , npon making use of which expression , he stabbed his opponent in the side . He was not released before he received five severe wounds , one in the abdomen , one on each side of the chest , and two others . He was taken soon after by three men to St Bartholomew ' s Hospital . On Wednesday morning policeman Onslow , Q 110 . went to the house in Saffron-hill , and entered the room where the frightful act was perpetrated , the floor of which was

      covered with blood . He searched for the prisoner , and at length discovered him on the roof of the house , when he was conveyed to the Clerkenwell Stationhouse , in the Bagnigge-wells-ro&d . The instrument with which the wounds were icnicted is supposed to have been a chap-knife . On inquiry at the hospital it was ascertained there were scarcely any hopes ef the man ' s recovery . It is also said that there was a little Jealousy existing ob the part of the man in custody . The murderer and the murdered were partners in imagemoulding and vending ; and the instrument of slaughter -waa the ab * rp-polnted knife used to scrape the mould-closings from the figure * .

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      DOINGS OF THE CONFERENCE . Bt the time this reaches the hands of the readers , in all probability the labours of this body will have ended : and , if t hey end as t hey have be g un , they will result in the adoption and promulgation

      of a plan of Organization , whi c h will b e safe a nd effective . The besi spirit is manifested ; and an aptitude for business , and earnestness of attention to the great object to be accomplished , most cheering to all who witness it . It is , in i : s e lf , a p roof of t he public mind . There iB no " vapour " ; no loud boas ] ing" ; no acrimony ; no divi s ion : but union and peace predominates .

      We mns t r e f e r to the " Report of proceedings " Tot what has been done . The nature of those pro ceedings will not admit of long description . Theia are no "speeches" : it is business that the Conference have fairly set themselves to perform . That business the Delegates carefully , and s y stema t ic a ll y , asd thoughtfully , undertake . The result will be exhibited in the flah agreed upon ; aud which p lan we will publish in full next week .

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      MR . BAINES'S REMEDY . "OUR LAST AHD ONLY RESOURCE—THE LAND . " Last week , we en t ered , s t great len g th , into an examination of " Oub fbesekt position , " both at home and abroad ; more especially as to the relation in which we stand with other states , as a manufacturing nation , in the markets of the world . We then adduced evidence conclusive , that our day of " Monopoly" haa gone ! that other nations , and particularly America , have begun to manufacture for themselves ; that they have not only closed their home markets against us , b u t t ha t they hav e followed us into nentral markets , and succ e ssfully competed with us ; and that they have even brought their goods into our market , and undersold us a t home !

      These facts are pregnant with important consequences . They proclaim , in language impossible to be misunderstood , t ha t our monopoly" of manufacturing is ended ; that we can no longer " command the markets of the world "; that to hope to continue the employment of great masses of our population in the production of clothing for those who have determined to produce clothing for themselves , is Beaseless u > the extreme ; and that it is certain , if we would avert irretrievable roth , we must give a new direction to national energy , so as to enable us to produce enough of the first Decessariea of life for ourselves , taking care bo to distribute them , that each one Bhall have his fair and legitimate share .

      Robert Htue Greg has most conclusively Bhewn that America h certain to become the teat of the * great bnlk" of the covton manufacture . This he eit&blis&es from dafa indisputable . He shows , that

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      with inferior machinery , she isno w even able to prodace for 8 i M with a profit to the mauufactnreT , what we cannot produce for less than 9 id . or 9 £ d , without profit at all ! He shows that she has alread y t aken from us tho " great bulk" of the China market ; and tbat she must take from us all the otber markets which have hitherto had to depend exclusively upon us for their supply . Nay , he Bhews , that , now that we have determined to throw oar machine market o pe n t o the world ; now , that wo have invited every nation to become possessed of the means to successfully compete with us ; now , that we have g enerou s l y given up the one sole only-remaining advantage we had ; Mr . Greg shows , that now that wo have done thi s , " America will supply England with the great bulk of her cotton fabrics "; and that " the cotton

      MANUFACTURE MUST FINALLY REST WITH THEM . ' Now this is no light question . The " cotton manufac t ure " iB a most tremendous item in the general account of our manufactures . There is an immense amount of capital involved in it ; and hundreds of thousands of our population are daily dependent en it for the means of existence . It is therefore of moment to us to look this question fully in t he face ; and be prepared in time to meet the difficulty , before we are overwhelmed in the RUIN which it will bring in its train .

      The Mo r ni ng Ch r onicle has shewn that not only are the Americans becoming formidable rivals to us in manufactures , but that" all tho great states ef the Continent of . Europe are erecting for themselves , respectively , a manufacturing interest , t hat threatens ere loag to render them comp l e tely inde p endent of our skill and industry . " That ' the states of the Northern Continent ' are also lessening their dependence u p on us , by extending their manufactures , and hampering our trade with increasing prohibitions . " That " our fast waning treaty with Brazil is giving

      ominous warning of the precarious position in which stands our traffio with the South . " That" from the Guadalquiver to the Neva we are met by one unbroken line of hostile tarifia . " Tbat " wh a t the Milan and Berlin decrees were unable to effect , is now accom p li s h e d b y the spinning jennies of Gar-many , " That " our extensive woollen trade with Russia is all bat annihilated . " That " England , at one t ime , furnished Russia with her cottons ; but that Russia now manufactures for her own necee 3 ities , " And that " every thing bids fair to be soon the next thing to a commercial nsn-intercourse . " 3 ! 1

      These positions of the Morning Chronicle , we streng t hened b y other evidence , showing ( hat during the present year America has exported to China 15 , 000 , 0 00 yards of cotton g oods ; while wb , the GREAT cotton manufacturers , have only exported 12 , 000 , 000 : the American excess over us being onefourth of our en t ire trade in th at p a r t icular ! And it is now our intention to supply other and more conclusive evidence ia support of the same positions * Before we enter into particulars , we must first

      premise that America has not confined her attention to the Cotton Manufacture . She has entered the lists of competition with us ia other Manufactures . She produces wool ; and she manufactures woollen goods . She produces iron ; and she manufactures cutlery . She propagates the silk-worm ; and she manufactures silk . She cultivates flax ; and she manufactures linen . She iB therefore rendering hers e lf independent of us in all of t h e s e bran c hes of our Manufactures !

      The conse q uence is , that America is regularly ceasing to tak « goods from us . She is supplying her own necessities ia many cases ; and in others she is following us over the world , and driving as even out of oar own home market ! That this is the case will be proved by the followin g re t urn , lately laid before Parliament , on t ho motion of Mr . Thorneley , which shews an alarming decline , not confined to a few , but extending to all , articles of export , with the single exception of tin and tinned plate ? . The gross amount of exports to America in 1842 was less bt more than ONE-HALF of the average annual exports of the nine preceding years ! !

      Here ia the proof . The average yearly exports from 1833 to 1 84 1 , both years inclusive , were £ 7 , 800 , 000 ; while those for 1842 were not more than £ 3 , 528 , 807 . So that here is more than one-halj of our Foreign Trade " to the best market we had entirel y g one ! The following Bhews the total exports of British produce to the United States , in five successive years : — 1838 £ 7 , 585 7 G 0 1839 8 , 839 204 1840 5283 , 020 1841 7 , 098 . 642 1812 3 , 528 , 807

      Is it pos s ible f o r fact to be more clearly stated Well mig h t t h e Chronicle exclaim , " our hold upon America seems daily relaxing ' ! When we examine the details of the above gross return , we find that every br a n c h of our c o mmerce with the United States has declined ; and the falling-off has been proportionately greatest ia those of moBt importance . To show this we shall give the particulars of exports , for five years , of t he chief articles of British manufacture . The exports of cotton manufactures , including cot t on y arn , were as fellow : —

      1838 JE 1 . 476 . 267 1839 1 , 467 082 1840 1 , 123 439 1841 1 , 615 933 1842 487 , 276 ThuB the exports of 1842 were little more than one-fourth of the value of those 0 / 1841 . The exports of other articles stand thus : —

      HARDWARES AND CUTLERY . 1838 £ 661 . 704 1839 849 , 640 1840 334 065 1841 584 400 1842 - 298 . 881

      IE OS AND STEEL , WROUGHT AND UK WROUGHT . 1838 £ 634 , 395 1839 801 , 193 1840 355 , 534 1841 626 . 532 18 4 2 394 , 854 LIMEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING LINEN YARNS 1838 — £ 944 , 589 1839 1 , 268 823 1840 976 , 247 1841 1 , 232 . 247 1842 463 645

      SILK MANUFACTURES . 18 . ^ 8 £ 348 . 506 1839 410 , 093 1840 274 . 159 1841 306 , 757 1842 81 , 243

      WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES , INCLUDING WOOLLEN YARN . 1838 £ 1 , R 87 177 1839 2 , 178645 1840 1 , 077 828 1841 1 , 549 926 * 1842 „ . 89-2 , 035 Is not there food for thought there ! Look at the

      details . See how tho entire ib affected . Hardwares and cutlery in 1842 little more than orefourth the amount of 1839 . Iron and steel in 1842 about one-half tbe amount of 1838 . Linen manufactures in 1842 about one-lhird the amount of 1839 . Silk manufactures in 1842 aboHt one f ifth the amount of 1839 ; and woollen manufactures about onethird 2 Is not " our hold upon America daily relaxiDg" ?

      The imports from the United States into this country show a reij different resnlt The import of bark has increased between 1833 and 1842 , from 18 459 cwtsto 27 , 6 * 8 cwts . ; tbat of salted beet from 899 ewts . to 7 , 024 cwts . ; tbat of butter from 1 c « t . to 3 769 cwts . ; tbat of chesse from 9 cwts . to 14 , 097 . ; that of wheat from nothing to 16 , 111 quarters ; that of wheaten flour from 36 , 659 cwts . to 381 , 066 cwts ; that of hams from

      72 cwts . to 1 , 133 cwts . ; that of lard from nothing to 26 , 555 cwts . ; that of pork from 1 , 352 cwts . to 13 , 408 cwts . ; that of rioe irom 24 , 114 quarter * to 40 , 450 quarter *; that of clover seed from 350 cwts . to 22 , 632 cwta ; that of tobacco from 20 , 748 . 317 lbs . to 38 , 618 , 012 lbs .: that of cotton wool from 237 , 506 , 758 lbs . to 414 , 030 , 779 lbs . ; tbat of turpentine from 322 , 486 cwts . to 408 , 330 cwts . ; and that of sbetp's wool from 334 , 678 lbs . to Ml , & 28 lbs .

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      The ** balance of trade" is turnin g against this country in a manner which makes it doubtful whether we shall not have to pay for the raw cotton we need from America in specie instead of goods . Then of what advantage to us will our " foreign trade " be ! Manufactures , then , are failing . Nay , the Chronicle , the organ of the Great manufacturers , admit that they have failed . To dream , therefore , of confining pur attention to them almost exclusively , as a m e ans of em ployment for pur population , is madness indeed .

      What is to be done \ The evil is certainly coming upon us : how is it to be averted ? How is employment , remunerative employment , to be found ? Arc we to be bound fast , band and foot , to the spinning wheel , to tho loom and the jenny , a nd be com pe ll e d to run a losing race on the course of free competition , with those who are becoming independent of us , and who therefore snap their fingers at us t Are there no other means of employment I Is there no remedy for the great evils we at present endure , and for the greater with which we are threatened ? Or are we doomed to " National Extinction from distress arid ruin " ?

      God be praised , there is still a way out ! That way Mr . Bainf . s , of t he Leeds Mercury , has distinctly chalked out . He has anticipated this day : and he has prescribed a remedy , an unfailing remedy , for the manifold evils we are doomed to experience . In the year 1819 there wore loud cries of distress " Tbe sudden transition from war to peace , " according to some " profou nd political economists , " brought on bankruptcy , insolvency , dearth of employment , and consequent starvation . It is true tbat others attributed these effects to the attempt to resume cas h payments with an amount of taxation fjxed in a depreciated currency . But no matter what was the cause . That we shall not here inquire into . It is only with the . fact of their existence that we bavo at present to do . The cause of t heir existenoe , and of their non-existence , we will discuss some other time .

      In t ha t year , t hen , great distress prevailed . This induced Mr . Baines , alon g wi t h some ot her kind gentlemen of Leeds , to devote their attention t o the matter , with a view of applying an effioient remedy . They were appointed a Committee by the Overseers of the Poor in Leeds , for the purpose of—1 . Inquiring into the causes of the inerease of Pau p eri s m ; 2 . Whether the existing evil , as to its causes , be of a complexion merely temporary , and may be supp osed soon t o ri g ht itself ; and 3 . Whether it may not be prudent , in cas e th e causes that induce the evil be permanent , to inquire INTO THB BEST MEANS OF FINDINO SOME PRODUCTIVE SOURCE OP LABOUR FOR THE UNEMPLOYED POOR .

      As such Committee , they deeply investigated the whole question . They laboured well and hardly . They sought for information from all sources ; and they ultimately reported , that " the soit , the earth , is o u r las t , our onl y r e sourc e" ! That Report is now more valuable than ever . The causes of tho distress then existing have been found to be permanent in their nature . They s t ill exist ; they are still unremoved ; and the " distress " is greater , and more widely extended . The remedy , therefore , is more greatly needed . Hero it is : embodi e d b y Mr . Baines in the shape of a Report : — We , your committee , have paid all possible attention to the above charge , and now beg leave to report tbe result of our inquiries as far as we have been able to proceed .

      Upon the first inquiry , your committee presume that a variety of causes contribute at the present moment to the increase of pauperism , a few of which we will enumerate ; and we would add , tbat we shall deem it our duty to confine our observations to such as more immediately aff « ct the township of Leeds . 1 . The application of machinery , with complete success , in the dressing of woollen cloths , has been the means of displacing a considerable number of hands from the employ by which they have long provided for themselves and families . 2 . The worsted trade : not long ago the yarns wera all span by hand , aud are now nearly wholly spun by machinery .

      3 . Flax was , not many years ago , spun by women principally , npon the hand-wheel ; but it is now also nil , or nearly all , spnn by machinery ; and very lately tbe dressing of the Six by machinery has arrived at such a state of perfection , aa to preclude every hope tbat the ' displaced men on ever again find employ by the manual labour , which has formerly yielded them subsistence . 4 . Tbe shutting up of the mills occupied in the spinning of the flax has also thrown oat of work many young women and children , and some men all of whom tend to augment tbe common mass of pauperism .

      6 . The revulsion from a state of warfare to a state of : peace , has thrown a considerable number of men , discharged from the armies , navy , ami the militia , upon the parishes , aa the manufacturers are unable to afford them employment . 6 . Lastly , We have to conclude with the notice of one circumstance , and which , though not generally observed , yet it indirectly affecU us ; economy in the farming establishments , and thrashing machinery , drift off horn home a number of labourers ; and they beii g accustomed to handle the mattock and spade , get that employment which might otherwise have been the portion of our own unemployed poor . Upon a due consideration of the above causes of the present increase of pauperism , we come—Secondly , To considor their nature and complexion ; and upon this head , tbe committee are of opinion , —

      That a part of tbe present increase of pauperism , arising from the stagnation of trade , we have every hope , will , in time , be diminished by the inherent energies of commercial enterprise ; bnt yet those unemployed persons , who have been deprived of subsistence by the other causes before enumerated , seem to us to labour under difficulties more permanent in their nature , and such as will n quire the adoption of new measures to remove them . Whatever might be the advantage of machinery in its general application to our manufactures , one of Us natural

      consequences , in the first instance , MVST BE THE decrease 01 ^ labour . Under these impressions your Committee solicited a correspondence with persons of the first respectability for intellect , benevolence , and rank in society ; and by their communications we have in some measure regulated our conclusions . The facts which we daily witness amply convince us that something is iudispensably necessary to be done : were it not for this urgent necessity we should be ready to shrink from the difficulties presented—presented on which side soever we may turn for a remedy .

      As to manufactures , we CaNNOI GET a glimpse of hope respecting THEM ; fojr in most pirts of the empiro the common suhject of complaint is—the want of employment for both males and females—for both young , middle-aged , and old persons ; hence the in'rodnction of any other manufacture might shift the evil , but wonldnot remove it . We are most particularly indebted to the Right Hon . Sir John Sinclair , Bart , for the distinguished attention that be has been pleased to pay to our communications ; to J . C . Ourwen , Esq . M . P ., a name rich in the annuls of agricultural celtbrity , and widely acknowledged as the benevolent and persevering index of experimental improvement ; to Robert Owen , Esq ., of New

      Lanark , for tbe very polite offer whleb he toss made of paying us a personal visit ; to Mr . Wills , the Honorary Secretary of a Committee that has existed in London for some time , and has held its sittings at the King's Head , Poultry , and whose object , upon an extended scale , has been precisely similar to our own ; to Arthur Young , Esq ., for the valuable information conveyed to us through the medium of aa inquiry into the propriety of applying wastes to the better maintenance and support of the poor , 1801 . 8 vo . From the above sources and others , particularly some hints from Sir Thomas Bernard , and others , in a work entitled Hints for Bettering the Condition of ihe Peor ,, \ re are induced to cvtue , though with diffidence , to the under-mentioned conclusions .

      The Soil—the Earth , is our last , our only ? esource . Indeed were we more contiguous to the Sea , we should contemplate in its bosom an inexhaustible source of subsistence and employ ; but inland as is oar local situation , we can see no help , no employ , but in the sail . We observe tbat a late act authorise ? each parish to take and re-let twenty acres to the poor , for tbe purpsse of finding them employ in their leisure hours .

      Now it is evident that the word parish intends townships ; and there only wants tbat alteration suggesting to out County Members to get the needful ameiduient mada early in the next session . In the south , parishes are small In York , they are very small ; but in Leeds , very extensive . In oue parish We have nine towoships and what would twenty acres do for nine different , populous , i n di vidual interes t s ? W e ar e c onvince d that this Only wants explanation before the laglslaUre and we earnestly recommend it . '

      2 . Tbe next source of relief that we can suggest 1 b tbe cultivation of Wastes . Domestic Colonization , upon a small scale we think , Bhould be tried . Sir John Sinclair , Bart Robert Owen , Esq ., Arthur Young , Esq ., regard it as the sheet * anchor , the only sure , easy , practicable mean of supporting the poor , and thereby reducing th e poor 's late * by enaHinggaiein to rtpport themselves . ' :

      Untitled Article

      The waste for such an experiment should be obtained SB near to Leeds as possible , and as to the minut » of the plans of arrangement and management , those must necessarily devolve upon the guardians of the poor , or some committee invested with authority . Tbe best informed characters seem to contemplate some experiments npon a large scale , that will reach the seven millions of acres of Waste Lands , and otber facilities for overseers to place their unemployed poor in situations where labour may be found , and food taised fof support , j

      But an experiment might , we are inclined to imagine , be made in Leeds , by voluntary subscriptions . We have little doubt , bat that there are many ready and willing to do something for the poox ; and who are only waiting for a plan to be exhibited , that promises to be successful and effective . Our present Poor Laws , tbough certainly intended to answer a most benevolent and meritorious purpose , have nevertheless one effect that cannot but be deplored . The dependence that a poor man has npon the parish for relief , -sinks him in his own estimation , and paralyses his energies—and having nothing to hope

      for—nothing in prospect—be attempts nothing . This deadening effect should be watched at every cornet ; as Arthur Young , Esq ., observes—if on object exist , that will induce iedustry , frugality , patience , and exertion , we may defy calculation as to tbe effects which will be produced ; and numerous are the individual instances that ! might be produced to show haw this powerful lever , the hope of reward and possession of something that can be called one's own , has Bet in motion a principle that figures cannot count , and which cold calculation would pronounce an impossibility . Feed the poor from week to week , and we perpetuate misery—VLA . CE them in a condition to feed

      THEMSELVES , UNDER A DUE STIMULUS , WE SHOULD SOON CHANGE THE MISERABLE SCENE . At any other time but the present we might have been deemed visionary in these speculations ; and indeed , it is sometimes with difficulty 'that we can believe that the urgency of the circumstances warrant our recommendations . If we be found acting under impressions unjustified by the aspect of the times , we trust the good eenae of the Board will correct , curtail , or re p re s s our suggestions . But it again recurs unto us , that uncommon times and cases demand uncommon plans and exertions ; and hence ' we must solicit the most earnest attention of the gentlemen constituting the Board to the subject of Domestic Colonization . Domestic Colonization keeps our poor at home !

      Your committee here with hand you a report from the gentlemen deputed to' visit New Lanark—from which it should appear , that some considerable improvement might be attained by ! the classification of the inmates of the present Poor-house , and especially by affording to the children a greater portion of useful learning . Also their observations confirm still farther the obvious advantages to be derived , by having recourse to the cultivation of the earth , for permanent and productive labour . As to the minutice of the operations , and as to the extent that it may be deemed prudent to adhere to any given plan , we should not feel ourselves warranted in venturing an opinion , and especially in this stage of the business . Such considerations will naturally devolve upon other persons at a future period : and to such a committee the information procured by the deputation will be foundiof considerable value .

      We have several documents that would warrant our warm recommendations of spade in lieu of plough husbandry . It must be ! universally allowed , that the superficies of our fields are far frem the climax of improvement of which they are capable—aud indeed some examples might ! be produced , where the money extra-expended by manual labour , has been more , and much more than repaid , by the abundance of the crops produced . The difficulty will be found in persuading farmers to adopt this { mode of cultivation . However , the appended Lanark ! Report will be found to contain some advices upon this head , which we should be extremely glad to see generally or partially adopted .

      Lastly—We would earnestly recommend , that tbe subject be laid as soon aa convenient before a Vestry Meeting , in order to enlist into the cause , a moderately numerous committee of gentlemen of talent , opulence , energy , and respectability . Now what does the reader think of that f Is not Mr . Baines ' s remedy a feasible one ! Does not he adduce good and substantial reasons for its adoption ? Does not he [ truly describe the nature and operation of machinery , in decreasi ng human labour , and in throwing the superseded ones upon the poor rates or upon private bounty ! Wag not he right ,

      when he said that" from manufactures he could not g et one g lim p se of ho pe" ! Manufactures have alone been tried , as a remedy for the distress then so prevalent ; and the remedy has but augmented the mass of poverty it was to remove . Ia not it time that we went to " the earth , ! our last , our only resource" ! We much regret that time and circumstances prevent us from handling this vast important document as we could wish . That , however , we cannot , at the p resent , compass . Some day or other we will return to it ; meantime we ask for Mr . Baines ' s remedy a most careful examination .

      Portrait Of W. P. Roberts. Esq.

      PORTRAIT OF W . P . ROBERTS . ESQ .

      The Northern Star. Saturday , September £&Gt;, 1843.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER £ > , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      THE " BUBBLE" EXPLODED . THE LEEDS ! MERCURY CAUGHT . The Leeds Mercury i s sadl y tired of his Potatoes . He does not like the " large" dish of them so continually served up for him . Whether it be that he is conscious tbat he " dlrew the bow" " rayther" too far , in d et ailin g t he extraordinary produce , or it is the seasoning of the mess that annoys him ; certain it is that he is annoyed , and t hat he trie s hard to detach himself from all connection with the potato "bubble . " I In the Mercury of last Saturday appeared tbe following artiole ;— i

      " The Land Bubble . —In the Northern Star of last Saturday we find four columns of words , with about the same number of ideas , to prove that farmers four acres of land may , by tbe skilful management of their farms , realise a profit of £ 300 a-year , after paying their rents , taxes , and wages !!! arid the public are reminded that the farmers of Ireland , who are contending for 'fixity of tenure , ' and the Rebeccaitea of Wales , who complain of the pressure of high rents and h'gu tells , may obtain these profits , ; and thereby relieve themselves from all their difficulties . We would ask the author of these absurdities if there is a farmer in Ireland , or if there 'is a farmer in Wales , that realiss-8 & tenth part of this sum by four acres of land .

      used for agricultural purposes ? and if the answer is No , ' we would then ask , if such profits ate not obtained now , how it happens that not one man of all the sons of Erin ever made this discovery before Mr . Feargus O'Connor ? It is just possible that for garden produce . for which the demand is necessarily very limited , a considerable profit may be \ occasionally made . We have heard of a profit of £ 200 a-year from grapes grown on less than a quarter of an acre of land , aud £ 100 a-year from the growth of asparagus on still less ground ; but as to farm produce , —igrass , wheat , oats , barley , and turnips , the principal food of man and beast , —all such profi . 18 are utterly unattainable , and to cherish such expectations is to encourage a miachievoui delusion . We

      fear that not many of the tenants of Mr . James G . MatBb&ll or of Messrs . ; Grott , with all the advantages they enjoy of moderate j rents , an unlimited supply of manure , and great facilities for disposing of their produce , will realise a clear profit yearly after the rate of £ 75 an acre on their allotments ; and if they fail to make Buch profits , after making the proper allowance fer their own labour , what will the milk farmer , or the corn farmer , or the farmer with rotation of crops . Bay to such a statement ? What would they say to their landlord , if be should tell them that Mr . F . O'Connor , barrister and farmer , ' aided by Mr . John Linton , ironfounder and farmer / bad made the discovery that every four acres of their estate would produce a clear yearly

      profit of £ 300 ; and that consequently the land to rent was worth at least £ 60 per aero , and they , the tenants , must pay that Bam ? They would say to the landlord what Mr . Burchel ) said to the fine speeches of Miss Wilhelmina Amelia Skegga and her companion' fudge ! ' and tbat perhaps is the most suitable answer that can be given to all such Thodomantac ' e , We do not dispute that Mr . Linton may have produced upon his three roods of jand at Selby , by forced cultivation , a great many cabbages , and a great many potatoes , any more than we dispute the experiments of the cor . respondent ot the Leeds . Mercury ia March last , who wrote upon the comparative yield of various kinds of potatoes—but ffor whose accuracy we never gave any

      pledpe , as the Norlhern \ S ( ar asserts : nor do we dispute thai the land of England , Scotland , and Ireland , may be made much more productive than it is at present by improved drainage , aided in sonic cases by spade husbandry ; but we contend that to hold oat any expectation that a farm of four acres of land will in general yield a clear profit of £ 300 a year either to the owner or to the tenant , or to both , is to practise a gross delusion upon the public ; and that any person who may be imposed upon by such representations will Bod his agricultural speculations as delusive as would be bis political espect&tiona if he thought the country -would attain either liberty or prosperity from the establishment of The Imperial Charter . "

      The Mercury is bothered . This potato question has puzzled him . He ( chose to sneer at the Land question , because it was advocated by ths Northern Star ; and the tables were turned so completely upon him , by the shewing j that the statements in the St a r , with respect to the benefits to be derived from the application of labour to * oar last and om . t resource—t he soil , " were sober and cautious , compared with his own . This has bo bothered him , tha t he now tries to get rid of the difficulties ia which he is involved by sheer ; misrepresentation aad falsehood . '

      Untitled Article

      He states that tbe Northern Star has tried "to prove that farmers of four acres of land may , by the skilful management of their farms , realise a PROFIT of three hundred pounds a-year , after fating THRIR bents , taxes , and WAGES * " Now , this is a complete mis-statement of what the Northern Star has attempted to " prove . " I t is so o p posite t o faot , and in the teeth of so much evidence to the contrary .

      that the Northern Star never even dreamed of such a thing as " three hundred pounds PROFIT , after payment of rents , taxes , and WAGES , " that we cannot bolieve tbe mis-statement to have been accidental , or unwitting . We are compelled to believe that the error is wilful ; and that it is resorted to to down the " land bubble" by the " p ower of face " alone , seeing that it is impossible to do so by the power of argument or fact .

      The Northern Star has never yet attempted to " prove" any such outrageous statement as the Mercury attributes to it . So far from our having done t his , we have constantly , repeatedly , and inv a ri a bly , represented the three hundred pounds as the return foe laBoub ; THE WAGES THEMSELVES ; not the profit after wages were paid ! In the very article to which the Mercury affects

      to reply , this is sot forth in three distinct places . It is expressly stated , three times over , that the oaly " p aymen t s " made out of the produce , " are for rent , taxes , seed , and wear and tear of implements ;" and that the remainder , calculated from data the result of actual practice , is the return fob the labocr and capital fxpskdeb . So away goe s t he one sin g le " idea" contained in the whole of the Mercury ' s " words" !

      We re p eat , that we cannot consider this mis-statement to have been accidental . We have so guarded ourselves on this point , from all possible misapprehension , and s t a te d the fact t hat the estimated produce was not " clear profit , " but WAGES for labour and return for cap ital , that we cannot imagine any man reading the ** w o rds " we have u s ed , —and this the Mercury must have done , or he would not know to such a nicety the exact number of" ideas" con ta ined in them : we cannot imagine any one reading those

      (' words" could fora single moment think that the three hundred poanda spoken of were set forth as "clear profit . " If there had been the least possibility of doubt on the subject ; if our " words " had been either ambiguous or mistiSed ; if they had been liable to have attached to them a double meaning ; if it had been possible to have tortured out of them the "idea" that the three hundred p ounds ' worth of produce , after " rent , tax e s , seed and we a r an d t ear of im p lements had be e n p aid for , " was " clear profit , " "after WAGES had been

      paid ; " if this had been at all possible , we would cheerfully have given the Mercury the benefit of it , and not preyed him hardly on the point . As it is , we / are bound to consider his conduct in placing the matter in the light he has , and in founding his whole strictures upon his false representation , as most disingenu o u s , and most unfair ; while we consider the , necessi ty that he was under to adopt such a course of action as t he only means of re plying to our positions , as proof indisputable that those positions cannot be disturbed by fair means .

      Wh o is i t , therefore , that has been trying to p rac t ice " g ross delusion " u p on the p ublic ? The Northern Star , who has adduced fact for its inferences , and data for its calculations ; or the Leedt Mercury , who has had to invent statements , attribute them to it « opponent , and then reason upon them , and them alone , to meet ar g umen t s founded upon fa c t 1 This question we safely leave with the Mercury itself . Of course we shall not follow the Mercury va detail . Having destroyed the foundation on which he had built , his whole superstructure falls to the ground . It is not worth one single " word . "

      Some day or other we shall- have a " word" to say about " the tenants of Mr . James G . Marshall and Messrs . Geir . " We thank the Me r cu r y for the opportunity . It shall not be lost or missed . We will hav e " a crack" with him on that subject some day , and tell him some queer facts . Iu conclusion , we must desire the Mercury to meet us fairly . We must desire him to meet our facts . We must desire him to refrain from wilful misrepresentation of statement or argument . We must desire him to be ingenuous and honest . Let him meet us in this spirit , and in this manner .

      and we will tussle the matter with him . We will deal with him and his arguments fairly . We have ' hitherto done so . We have given him every advantage . We have invariably a llowed him to s t a te his own case . Every " word" that he has said on the question has been inserted in the Northern Star . We do not ask him to insert our " columns of words " in return ; but we do ask him not to attribute false sta t ements to us , and reason upon them as though t hey were ours . We as k him not to tax hi s po wers of invention for this purpose ; bat to meet the argument / air / w .

      ' And this he must do . He cannot now recede . He has admitted , by his deeming it necessary to devote a leading article to the exposure of what he calls onr '' mischievous delusion , " that the question is one ot interest . He cannot now forsake it . After this publib charge of wilfully attributing to ds what he muBt have known we never se t for t h , he must s et himsel right . He must explain how it happens that misrepresentation alone is cotnbatted in his article ; and he must then address himself to the real question .

      If he do not do thi s , we shall be entitled to consider his silence as an acquiesence in the justice of oar charge , and as a full acknowledgment tbat onr facts and arguments are unimpeachable . To this dilemma we fix him . No affected'eontempt for mere " words " will now serve him He has not hitherto evinced contempt . Now , to affect to do so will be damning . We shall look for , and full y expect , his exp l a na t ion , and his reply to oua " facts and figures . "

      Untitled Article

      4 THE NOBTHE RN STAR . j . ======-=====- »

      Untitled Article

      REPORTS CONCERNING DISTURBANCES IN IT A LY . Rome , AtG . 20 th . The discovery of some revolutionary plots mentioned according to report in my last have once leceived some further confirmation . Tbe police are Tery zealously engaged in pursuit of the aeensed , whose number is said to be -very great The most « xtraordipary cirenmstance is , that some men of respectability and eminence in 4 hi 3 and the neighbouring states are understood to be engaged in this absurd enterprise . Several ef the conspirators have already taken refuge in flight , and have Tor the present escaped legal pursaik—Frankfort Paper . Cobie , AcG . 25 : h .

      By-private accounts from Bologna , we have received informaAion to the follovring effect : —A consp iracy , which haa ranufic a tions t hrou g h Middle and iower Italy , has at last come to the point of an outbreak . But even here the just-opening political Tiews have already degenerated into commoa brigandage . From 500 to 600 men , acc o rdin g t o som e accounts many more , chitfly political fugitives , smugg l e rs , tp ^* Fa ch i ni , after their attempt to * take Bologna by surprise was discovered and frustrated , xetaTDed to the hiBs above Savigno and Bazzano . The original leaders of the movement , among whom is the young Marehese Tanwa ^ a Count Zimbecceri , and a Piedmontese ex-officer , named Melarc , have effected their escape . 2 $ ow , tbe persons at the head of the insurrectiou are one Lsxobertini from . Bologna , two broihera Muratori from Bazzano ( one of whom ia »^> hysician ) a corn-dealer frons Baziano , and a man who was formerly a gendarme , from Bologna .

      A ca p tain of ge ndarm e ri e , ^ ho endeavoured to pursue the insurgents with a corps of gendarmes and Tolunteers , had been assassinated . The Government treasury , on which designs were entertained , has been conveyed to the palace of the Cardinal , where also ; ihe Commander of the Second Foreign Regiment , Connt Salis Zig ers , has his head quarters . Before j the Palace twe pieces of artillery are stationed , and a company of Grenadiers mounts guard . All ihe ] officers of the garrison are quartered in the barracks , j On ihe 15-h and 16 ih three companies , and on the j 38 ih attachment of 40 men , were Bent against the j insurgents . These troops are posted at Bergatto , ] and the Papal national troops at Bazzano . Captain ; Cavaanaof the Gendarmes , has the chief command . ;

      , TThe ABgemeine Zetiung of the 28 ih states that ] the above account was inserted in that paper of the ; 37 ih , after Beveral thousand copies had been printed . ] It was , t herefore , repnbli&hed on the 28 ; h ; bat it is j observed that none-of the facts are mentioned in tbe , "Mflm and other Italian papers which had been re- J ceived to the 24 th inst . ] Leghoks , Aug . 22 ad . 1 By Bologna letters of ihe JSih we learn , that the J Swiss CarabimerB sent against the disorderly persons j « f this province who have taken to the field , have t already had some skirmishes , bnt of little import-1 ance , with the rioters . However , the action -which 1

      took place on the 15 ih on the declivity near Savigno , j had a result somewhat more serious ; for the mea- j Bares adopted in the beginning of the month were re- j newed at Bologna , whither the troops which had i been sent to Ferrara and Romagna were recalled , j The Government has published nothing , but t he , followin g la the report of the zEiii eirc&lated in the >¦ city : — I " " Abont forty or fifty insurgents , who had made ; their appearance sear Casclechio , advanced-on the j I 3 th along the heights as far as Savigno , where they I surprised a detachment of twenty Carahiniers , com- < xnanded by Captain Castelvetrj , and also some Pon- i ti £ eial volunteers . Some shots being exchanged , the ? captain and four of his men were killed ; the rest ;

      li e d , leaving their ammunition , arms , and horees in the hands of the insurgents . The party then ad- j Tasced into ihe district , and it is said killed the ; secretary , -who was at the head of the Pontifictal j Tolnn £ eej-8 , &nd also two volunteers yrbo were hearers ; of despatches . j ""It seems other armed parties have appeared ! abont Tergato and Bazzano . The fact is that since the 16 th , troop 3 have daily been marched againstthe rebels from Bologna . Of the forces Bent ont , ] 4 0 0 are Swiss , 2 0 0 Carahiniers , 100 Volun t e e r s , and lOOarePevenue Guards , who are habituated io ex- j enrsions in the monntains . The movements of ihe 1 troops are very slowly made , because the greax object is to surround tie insurgents and make them . surrender prisoners at discretion . "

      Untitled Article

      WORK OF THE SESSION . Wb and our contemporaries have reviewed the Ministerial work of the past Session , according to onr several political peculiarities , but more with reference to the disappointment created at home , than with reference to its effect abroad . If the Tory Minittry has succeeded in dissatisfying all parties at home , it has been abundantly successful in causing the foreign enemies of Britain to rtjoioe and be glad . So long indeed as the acknowledged distress of the working classes was likely to be confi \ ei within the narrow limits of our

      domestiepolicy , so long was that distress matter of unimportance to the cunning monarch who wields the French sceptre . But the moment it was revealed that the aid of the Chelsea Pensioners might be required to keep the cry of hunger in subjection , while her Majesty and her Miaieters were revelling in enjoyment during the recess , did Louis Philippe discover that the heretofore subsidizing Eng land must henceforth , in c o nse q u e nce of her ruined Exchequer , rely upon the physical force of foreign natious to suppress the growing disoontent ari ^ iDg out of domestic misrule .

      Turn-about ia fair-p lay , says the English Minister to the King of the Barricades : we have exhausted our resources for the purpose of upholding your title to the throne of France , and now , according to alt the rules of good faith and reciprocity , " we have a claim upon you to uphold onr ascendancy at home . True , Mr . Pitt and the statesmen of hia day were actuated by a double motive in pat * ting down the French Revolution ; firstly , by their

      duty to kings generally ; and secondly , lest the example set in France should be followed by the English peo ple ; and if tho interests of France and England were bo inse parably united in 1792 , as to justify ( he expenditure of so macb Enfiliah Wood and En glish money not yet made , the same reasonin g , with a mere change of oirenmstanoeB , wouli hold good in 1843 : that is , if the rage for Republicanism in France in 1792 jmstified the English minister of that day in expending the country s

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 9, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct498/page/4/