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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st January 1842, Edition 3 of 4, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1842.
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      Untitled Article

      isjA-TAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT AT . LEEDS . J On Monday morning , an inqnest w& ' i held at the Court House , before John Blackburn ., Esq ., on 3 ke body of Henry Hoyle , twenty-nve y ^ ars of age ^ an engineer onth 9 > North Midland Baih ^ ay ,-who died in the Leeds General Infirmary , on Fj ^ nrday moraing , from injuriesoccasioned by thebreaJdcg of a wheel , on 2 * 0 . 18 , locomotive engine , "with w bich ha wss «« aveying & fatt train from Derby to Lee / js , on tin Wednesday previous . The inquest -was attended by Mr . Patfeon , the eempany ' 8 secretary , from Lo ndon , Mr . Eddisonl of Isedtj solicitor to tbe coaipjjjy , and Mt Oreag , the manager of the Leeds statiou ., antrit is trat ^ justiee -fc o siy ,- that every facility wa / i offered by Ike csnrpaHy , in the course of the enojrlry , which iatied several bottTS . -Ihe following evidence was adduced ; : —

      John Cressy—1 was n * pper ^ uard on the North Midland Railway from Defoy to Leeds , on Wednesday last I have been nearly two years in the situation . I knew Henry Hoyle ; he w » s a driver on the North Midland Bail way . We left ' Derby at one o' « l » ck . There were four first class , o . » third , aadtfcxee Becond ciaascarliages . Wewera fifteen minutes iate at Belj > er , j we < Hti not make ~ op the lost time . Hoyle was perfectly sober taring the whole Journey . I believe the engines "ire always examined at Dssfty before starting . PPe got to Nonaanton si , thirty £ . ? e minutes . ^* st tbree ; we ought to have been there at- fourteen , atinutes past three . We travelled from KDemantonat the rate of tweaty-five miles an boar . W « could not go fast Heyle said he could not get his steam no , ss the cote was very bad . I . . was in the * sc * nd-e \ as 9 * sarriage , - where the break-is , next io the -tender , when the accident happened . I was looking oat of fee window at the time I saw "tie engine and

      ^ at derlesva the carnages and run across the line . The aeddent Happened aboutfifty yards -from -the- -bridge ¦ which eroeses the "Wakefield road ; the engine-stopped ^ © n the-embankment The -wheels of the carriage I was i in were-lifted up , and were thrown off-the-rails ^ the ' coaplinjEB had been broken that attached the tender to ih « carriages . Hoylo was laid close by the tender . He was insensible , and very much eat about ihe 'head ; he ¦ was-removed in abont fifteen minutes ; the stoker was standing near , not mneh hurt I found the -engine off the line about thirty yara * s from the carriages , nearly st the bottom of the embankment The fore wheelof the engine was broken ; the tyre had come off it . -I cannei say whether t ^»» injury asese be fomiae-engine g « i off the line or not . 1 observed nothing on the line to obstruct the progress of the engine . At the time of the accident we were going twenty-five miles an hear . It was quite light I cannot form an opinion bb to the causa o ! the accident Boyle was a sober

      i 7 > ftn , .. - Mr . Allanson , house surgeon at the Leeds'Infirmary . 32 w deceased was brought to tbe Infirmary about halfpast seven on Wednesday evening . He was insensible .-His skull was severely fractured on the left-side , and be was bleeding &om the left ear ; several portions of bone had entered the brain ; these were removed by Six . Smith . He died about three o'clock on Friday morning ; he never spoke after be was brought in . The severe injuries done to the brain were ihe cause of death .

      Mark Wakefield , the foreman of the engines , at Derby . Was at Derby on Wednesday , when . Ifo . 18 engine started . I examined her at half-past twelve o ' clock , afr-wbicb time I considered her ail right The tyre of the wheels was of wrought ir » n ' ; ihe engine has been in use since May lost ; no fresh wb&els have been since that time put on ; but this wheel that is broken had been mended s little on the flange in July last ; the wheel had failed a little . I have « en the tyre of the wheel since the accident , but have not examined it ; there is no difference in the construction of the wheels . I considered the wheel to be perfectly safe when it left Derby ; I could not tell where tbe -wheel had been repaired after it had been done ; I thought it as strong and as good as a new wheel . John Morris , Esq ., of Hunslet I was on the Wakefield road on Wednesday afternoon , on the new

      cutting , near the bridge . It was about a quarter to tour o ' clock . I saw the train coming down ; it did cot strike me that it was going at an unusual rate . I did sot see anything on the line to retard its progress . I was looking at the train at the time the accident happened . I observed the engine all in a moment dart across the line , and the carriages seemed to be passing ii . 1 immediately went to the spot I was probably from one to two hundred yards from the place . _ When I got up I saw Hoyle laid near the tender ; the engine was entirely off the line , and down the embankment . ; the tender was also on the slope . I did not examine the engine ; a man was holding Hoyle , and lie said he was dead . One of the rails , over which the RTi g iTia had crossed was broken , but there was no © betrsrtion at all on the line on which the train wafr travelling . " - ¦ .

      Bobert Craven , servant to Mr . Bateson , of Wortley , who was also on the WaLe&eld read , corroborated the evidence of Mr . Morris . John Tuke , fishmonger , of Bsmsley . I was on toe train when the accident happened on Wednesday last 1 joined it at Cudworth station ; the train was sixteen minutes behind its time ; we left Cudworth at fonr minutes past three . In my opinion , we travelled too < juick all the way . The time to arrive in Leeds is four o ' clock ; when we got to Normanton , we were be / ore time ; and were detained there some minutes . I had no watch to guide me . I was told by a person in the same carriage that it wanted twenty minutes to four o'clock a very short tiae before the accident happened-I was in a third cla ^ s carriage ; abont a mile before the accident happened , an unusual quantity-of hot coals were Mown into the carriage in which I was , and then thought something was abont to happen ; I was

      afraid and stood up ; I have travelled a great deal on the line , and never experienced the coals fly into the carriage so much before ; we then got into an extra speed . In my opinion , we were travelling not less than forty miles-an hour . I was standing up when the accident happened ; I think it was quick travelling and the nnetenness of the . line which threw us off the line ; I consider the rails there are not evenly laid . The deceased was in liquor ; I observed it after the accident iappened ; he smelt strong ef wine . I held him up when I smelt his breath ; I covered his face with my handkerchief , and washed him afterwardsj he vomited something of the colour of port wine . A surgeon was sent for , who attended immediately , and paid every attention to the deceased . I have no hesitation in saying we were going at the rate of forty miles an hour . We were before time at Normanton , and "were detained there some minutes .

      Cressey recalled . —It is usual to stop some minutes at If onaanteu . We leave carriages there both for York and Manchester ; the York carriages leave before we < 1 q ; we were not kept at Nomunton because we were before our time ; it was thirty-five minutes pasi three Whoa we got to Normanton , and 45 minutes past three ¦ when we left , having stopped there ten minutes . It would be near four , by my time-piece , when the accident happened , but I did not look at it particularly ; the time to arrive at Nornranton is fourteen minutes past three . The usual time from Normanten to Leeds 5 s twenty minutes . I am sure we did not average more than twenty-five miles an nour at any time of our journey . I did not hear any complaint of quick tra ; veiling from any of the passengers . I think there is no nnevfciin&ss in the line at the place where the accident oscmred .

      Thomas D ^ bson , engineer , of Derby . I am in tire service of tiie North Midland Bailway Company , and snperiniand the repairs of the locomotive engines . The engine , Ho . 18 , was repaired in July and Angust last ; on that occasion tbe nuxge was repaired , it had given way ~ a little longitudinally ; there had been an BEBoundness in the iron ; tbe tire was all taken off , and a new piece of flange was welled on ; I considered it quit * sound . It is the duty of Wakefleld-. to examine the engines before they go out ; they come into xny hands when they want repairing . My opinion of fee quality of the iron from -which this tire is made , is

      that , on the -whole , it is tolerably good iron , and snrBdett for the pcrpose for which it is intended ; some parts cf it are good ani others indiffsreiit It was a very severe frost on Wednesday , and this , in my opinion , h 3 d asted upon the iron , and had assisted any mischief which might have been going on . I carmot detect any flaw in any part of it If the line was uneven it might accelerate an accident I -do not think extra speed would occasion it I cannot tell whether the tire bad broken before the engine was off the line or not If the tire had come off the -wheel it would snt have stopped iU passage across the other line , tkough it might nave retarded it

      John Fotherby of Sheffield , machine maker . —I was a paisenger by the train when the accident happened . I got in at Bimsiey , which plasa we lefs a little after Ihree o ' clock ; we stopped a short time at ?> ormanton ; I can scarcely form an opinion as to the rate of speed from Barnsley to Normanton ; I thinlr we were going quieter when the accident happened than at any former Utas—we were then going very quick . I can form no opinion as to the time it occared . I should think we we » going at the rate of thirty miles an hour ; we had not been long ; at that rate . Tee accident happened in a moment I stood up , and saw the engine going

      down tie embankment ; we were passing it I did not notaea the wheels of the engine when I saw it pawing ; I examined the wheels afterwards ; I found the tire all detached from the wheel ; it was laid on tiia downline , abont thirty yards from the engine . I examined t ^ e metal , and having been uungst it all my life , I ehonid say "that it is of a very Indifferent ^ tttliiy j it appeared to me at the time to ' be more like cast metal than wrought I had no idea * V the time thatitans wrought iron . I did not hear any of the passengers complain of . the speed , nor did I hear any alsnn expressed . ¦ -

      Wau-Waiker—rlam a stoker on the North Midland Bail way . I knew Hoyie , the deceased , and have done erst- since the Shtfkid and Botherham line opened . He liar been an engine driver since that period ; he did not jo cut erery day , but wss two dajs out and one in . : I was with Mm when ike accident happened . It -wanted twenty minutes to ioer when we staitsd from Jfomanlon : we travelled a * tizs rate of from twentyfive to thirty miles ec hour : we had very little fire in when the accident happened ; I had thrown on all the eoie we had at Zforciaatoa . Tke sp * £ d hid begun to decrease before the accident happened ; &na I edd not s . expect-we should have steam to see the train ia . I | W tu oo the ] tooi plats when ' toe aecldsnt happened ; I

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      first bead a bit of a -rap under the engine : the engineer whistled twice , -and I ran to the break on the tender ; I then , aw &e engine run off tbe line , » nd down the bank . I didiot know the cause of thsntccident until it we over . I am not aware of any nnevenness in the rails -at the place where the accident happened . I "do not know that there is any defect I do not think the engine would have run off the line bad not the tire conte off first I cannot aocsnnt for tbe tire coming oft- The wheel and tire were ijoth perfect , m far as I-know . I was thrown within » few yards of Hoyle ; I had a rib broken , and received some brsises . To ^ ihe best of my belie * , it was entirely accidental , and no blame attached to Hoyla . I » m sure we never went at the rate of forty xnilea an hoar ; I do liot ttiink we went so mueh as thirty . I think it was about four o ' clock . I am sure Hoyle was perfectly

      William BorSett—I am a guard on the North Midla « d Bsilway ^ nd was in the same carriage with Cressey at the time of the accident I believe we werebehind oar time , bat I don't know w to the time . Wo were going atthe-wta of twenty-five miles an hour . lam rare we never went ao much aa forty . Hoyle complained that his cake was bad , and said he could not gethii steam up . We h ave travelled faster . I have oofc noticed any unevennesa in the rails at Qua particular place , nor am I aware that it is uneven between there and Woodlesford . I cannot speak as to the precise time of tbe accident . I had spoken to Hoyle at Swinton , he was perfectly sober . - " .-Mr . Thomas Dyson , assistant engineer on the railway , had frequently examined the line , and deposed aato its general excellence .

      TMs being the whole of the evidence , the Coroner went minutely through the whole of it , and pointed out to t&e Jury the law as applicable to the case . After the very lnminous summing up , tbe Jury after a short consultation , returned a verdict of " Accidental death , " expressing an opinion that the iron of the tire was not of the best quality , " and recommending the Railway Company in future to have the iron used for wheels properly tested .

      Untitled Article

      TREMENDOUS EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER , A 2 CD LOSS OF LIFE ON TH ^ LINE OF THE

      BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY . Bristol , Tuesday A . tarnoon . One of those frightful accidents , attended with tbe sacrifice of human life , consequent on the careless usa of gunpowder , and which , since the commencement of the-various great railway and othsr undertakings , have been of too frequent occurrence in this kingdom , took place yesterday ( Monday ) , on the line of tbe Gloucester and Bristol Railway ( now in course of construction ) in the neighbourhood of the small town of Wickwar , Gloucestershire . The accident was of the most serious description ; three of the unfortunate labourers employed on the line were killed upon tbe spot , their bodies being frightfully , mutilated by the force of tbe explosion ; and five others were so seriously injured as

      to render it necessary that they should be immediately conveyed to the infirmary in this city , where they now lie , one or two of them in a dangerous state . This afternoon one of them , John Hodges , is sufficiently r « - vived to admit of his conversing on the subject of the melancholy and fatal occurrence ; he does not seem capable of giving a ; very clear account of the matter , but bis statement is as follows : —The labourers in the employ of one of the contractors were engaged in excavating some earth-work in the neighbourhood of Wickwar , for the purpose of making a tunnel , and on their leaving off work at the close of the last week , they placed a barrel , containing about half a cwt . of gunpowder , in the mouth of the excavation , thinking that by so doing they should secure It at once from depredation , and

      from the action of the weather . On Monday morning , one of the men , named Henry Williams , who is A Blacksmith , was . directed to point and sharpen some of tbe tools used in excavating . Whether he was aware or not of the presence of the gunpowder does not seem very dear , bat he went on working in the nsual manner , by heating the iron and beating it on the anvil , until at length a spark came in contact with tbe powder , and a tremendous explosion ensued- At the time of the accident there were eight men in the tunnel and its immediate neighbourhood . Three of them were killed immediately , their bodies being blown to a considerable distance , where . they were afterwards found dreadfully scorched and mutilated : one of them was without his head , which was forced

      to a great dist wee from the trunk . Hodges states that two of the dead men were named Matthew Stephens and James Bennet ; the name of the third he does not remember having heard , but be says he is quite sure that three were killed . The names of the five men at present in the infirmary are , Thomas White , who has l ost one eye , and the other is dreadfully injured , and whose body is burnt and bruised in every part ; George Collins , much burnt , and has received an extensive wound of the leg ; John Hodges , much , burnt on the face and legs ; Lewis Crew , much burnt and bruised ; Henry Williams , ditto , ditto . The explosion blew the blacksmith's shop and a mill-pound on the works all to atoms , and scattered the stones , &c in all directions . It may be readily imagined that the utmost

      consternation and alarm was produced in Wickwar and the neighbourhood , the inhabitants being for some time at a loss to account for the very violent shock . A working man who came here this af temton , and who . says he was in Wickwar at tbe time , gives a somewhat different version of the matter . He says the workmen ¦ were lowering the powder into a shaft , and let a spark fall into it Hedge's account , however , is generally received as being the most correct The force of th « explosion was felt to within five or six miles of this city . At the villages of Almondsbury , Tockington , ia , the houses were shaken in such a manner as to greatly alarm the inhabitants , who imagined for some time that they had been visitedby as earthquake . Almondsbury is seven miles' distant from the scene of the explosion .

      The Northern Star Saturday, January 1, 1842.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 1 , 1842 .

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      Sisce our last , the arrival of the American Packet Ship " Independence , " has put us in possession of the American President's Message . This important State document presents , as usual , a striking contrast to the isfinite deal of nothing" which we are in the habit of enduring under the name of a royal speech . The document is mach too long for us to print . Bat we are glad to perceive that , in so far as the relationships of the United States with this country are concerned , its tone is everything that could be

      de-Eiied—mild and conciliatory , bu 4 firm and independent—such aa befits the mouthpiece of a great and free people . The result of tae M'Leod affair is referred to in terms of satisfactory gratulation ; while , in reference to the right claimed by the State of New York to adjudicate independently of the Federal Government , in a matter which , by too recognition of M'Leod ' s acts by the British Government had become international in character , the President says : — " I cannot fail , however , to suggest to Congress the propriety , and , in some degree , the necessity , of

      { making such provisions by law , so far as they may i constitutionally do so , for the removal at their com-! mencement , and at tbe option of the part ; , of all ! sneh cases as may hereafter arise , and which may f inrolvethe faithful observance and execution of our ' international obligations , from the state to the ! federal judiciary . This Government , by our institatiocs , is charged with the maintenance of peace and ¦ the preservation of amicable relations with the nations of the earth , and ought to possess , without

      ' question , all the reasonable and proper means of ! maintaining the one and preserving the other . •¦ Whilst jost confidence is felt in the judiciary of the ' states , yet this Government ought to be competent ! in itself for the fulfilment of the high duties which ! have been devolved upon it under the organio law by j- the states themselves . " | In reference to ihe burning of the Caroline , the ! President holds that : — '

      ! ho such atonement as was due for the public | wrong done to the United States by the invasion of ( her territory , bo wholly irreconcilable with her I rights as an in dependent power , hasyes been made . " j He denies the right of any country to invade the i territories of another under any pretext unless when ! a confessed and voluntarily acknowledged inability ¦ to enforce its own laws renders the Government j nugatory and helpless . He pats the question we i think in a very clear and just light , in the follow-\ ing paragraph : —

      " If , upon a full investigation of all the factB , it shall appear that the Caroline was governed by a hostile intent , or had made common cause with those who were in the occupancy of Navy Island , then , bo far ss he f the owner ] is concerned , there can be no claim to indemnity tor the destruction of his boat which the Government would feel itself bound id prosecute ; since he woald have acted not only in derogation of the rights of Great Britain , but in clear vjoJation of the laws of the United States ; that is a question which , however settled , in no manner involves the higher consideration of the violation of territorial

      soverejgnty and jurisdiction . To recognise it as an admissible practice that each Government in its turn , upon any eudden and unauthorised outbreak on a frontier , the extent of which renders it uopoFsiWe for either to have an emoient force on every mile of it , and which outbreak , therefore , neither may be able to suppress in a day , may take vengeance into its own hands , and , without even a remonstrance , and in the absence of any pressing or overruling necessity , invade the territory f-f the other , would inevitablv lead to results equally to be deplored by both . When border collisions come to receive the

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      sanction , or to bo made on the authority of either Government , general war must be the inevitable result ¦ ¦ ¦' - . ¦ ¦ . ' . ;¦ ¦ - ¦;¦ Having thus frankly stated the Rtoands which the American nation b » Te to think themselveB ill used in the affair , it is passed by as unworthy of further notice , with the mere expression of * "Hope that the British Government will iee ihe . propriety of renouncing , as a rule of future action , the precedent which' has been set in the affair at Schlosser . . \ " ' .. "~ '¦ ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦ : ,: ¦ ' )' . - - ; . ::. ¦¦ ,. ¦¦ ¦ . '¦

      On the Bubject of the new regulations among European nations for the suppression of the slave trade , by which the right to detain and search all suspected vessels is recognised , the President holds most unequivocal language . He deprecates the slate traffie as strongly as possible , but demurs , in ioto * to the subjection of American ships and citizens to any code of maritime regulations to which they have not been parties t—

      "However desirous the United States may be for tbe suppression of the slave trade , they cannot . consent to interpolations into the maritime code at the mere will and pleasure of other Governments . We deny the right of any such interpolation to any one , or all the nations of the earth , without our consent . We claim to have a voice in &U amendments or alterations of that code . Gertain it is , that if the right to detain American ships on the high seas can ba justified on the plea of a necessity for suoh detention , arising oat of the existence of treaties between

      other nations , the same plea may be extended and enlarged by the new stipulations of new treaties to which the United States may not be a party . This Government will not cease to urge upon that of Great Britain full and ample remuneration for all losses , whether arising from detention . or otherwise , to which American citizens have heretofore beep , or may hereafter be , subjected by the exercise of rights which this Government cannot recognise aa legitimate and proper . "

      This very proper spirit is characterised by the factious papers as an evidence that the professed anxiety of the President for the annihilation of the " wicked traffio" is insincere . No honest man can find any such thing in it . The latter portion of the Message is occupied with domestio matters . It contains an outline of the projected new treasury arrangements , which , if adopted , will do much to prevent the recurrence of the fatal mischiefs of the bank system .

      The French Chambers have been also opened since our last , and the "Citizen King" exhibited his confidence in his people by opening them in person ; proceeding to the duty in a close carriage drawn by four horses , and attended by four other carriages , precautions having been taken to prevent the approach qf any person within musket-shot , of the line of inarch , except the military on duty ; even the terraces of the Tuileries gardens were closed .

      The trial of the conspirators , Qubnisset and his fellows , has been concluded . 2 ? hree of them are sentenced to death , and seven to various terms of imprisonment , ranging from five years to life ; among whom is M . Duporry the conductor of the Journal du Peuple , ia . whose person the utter prostration of the Frenoh press is aimed at . A spirited protest has been published by the greater

      portion of the newspaper press , and by the chief literary characters of the Kingdom ; exposing very mildly , but firmly , the atrocious character of this attempt to extinguish every vestige of the " liberty of the press ;*' ¦ ' appealing to the Deputies for protection , and , in case of their dereliction of duty , to the elective body . It remains to be seen whether the throne of the tyrant be so firmly set as that this last atrocity will be borne .

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      CAPABILITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN TO MAINTAIN ITS POPULATION . Ahoho the various attempts which political economists axe continually making to throw dust into the eyes of the people , in order that they may carry out their nefarious schemes of despotism and plunder , there is one aim , one determined purpose , from which they never turn aside even for a moment . They never forget to put forth their claims to tax the people in every part of the empire for their own especial profit and advantage . It is not , however , on all occasions that they exhibit their purposes . The cloak of patriotism and the mask

      of philanthropy are most frequently assumed ; and intense selfishness is not unfrequently made to assume the appearance of regard for national honour and public prosperity . Sometimes , however , the cunning of the serpent is ound inadequate ; and tbe foul form peeps through its drapery ; of which tbe first article in the Colonial Gazette of last week affords a striking proof . The Colonial Gazette is the organ of the "Liberals" of the Whig-Radical party , and is devoted to the support of the men and measures which have been a curse , and would still further be a curse to some

      of the fairest portions of the globe . Of course * " Ships , Colonies , and Commerce" is their motto ; and emigration , for the purpose of filling the pocketB of unprincipled speculators with gold wrung from the labour of the unfortunate exiles , is with them a favourite project . In tha article to which we allude on Colonial Government and Taxation , the writer takes vast pains to persuade his readers that he is most anxious to promote the welfare and prosperity of the colonists . His zeal , however , has carried him too far ; and he has let us into the somewhat startling secret that the prosperity of our distant dependencies is to be promoted for the laudable purpose of compelling them to yield a

      considerable portion of revenue , in addition to the local taxation , for the support of the central government at home . We have taken some pains in our recent articles on Emigration to give to our readers such information , as might enable them to arrive at just conclusions as to the designs and effects of the newfangled scheme of wholesale transportation . We never had a doubt } as to the fact , that either WhigB or Tories would starve , hang , or banish the people , providing they could realise a profit by the speculation ; and we are happy to find that the " liberal " writer in this " liberal" journal fully bears us out in the opinion we had formed of the unblushing rascality of both the rival factions .

      That we may not be aooused of misrepresentation , we will quote the writer ' s own words : — * ' It must be a principle in the consideration . of the subject that the unoccupied lands of our colonial territories belong to the empire ; such being the case , of course they are not to be given away to any body of applicants without due return for the benefit of their original owner , the empire ; and that return must consist of ihe utmost posiibie advantage , which can be obtained from the grantees . Settlements therefore

      founded on these lands should be conducted in such manner as not only to be no burden to the parent state , but to furnish their quota of aid towards the strength' and welfare of the empire at large . In order to that , they must be governed on a scale commensurate with imperial requirements . But if the power of taxation were altogether surrendered to the settlers , they woiild forget the larger interests in their own pettier objects , and would laugh at exhortations to tax themselves for imperial interests . "

      Truly , and so they ought . Of what earthly use or moment are "imperial interests" to those whom " imperial "tyranny has . compelled to leave their native shores , and to seek an asylum in the distant wilderness . We especially request our readers to note carefully the sentences which we have printed in Italics ; and then ask themselves what the plain English of it all comes to . To us it appears marvellously like this . ** We'have colonies which are almost

      unprofitable to us for want of hands to cultivate them . The Government has , by its wasteful extravagance , impoverished the people and exhausted the treasury Ministers want money , and the aristocracy want places , sinecures , and pensions . The colonies must take off our surplus - population and recruit our finances . But how ! We have it . we'll sell the unappropriated lands at such a rate as shall tempt purchasers ; but under such well arranged conditions as shall secure an aristocratio government , and at the same time , subject the colonists to bo taxed by the Imperial Parliament , at any time , in any way , aud to any extent , that our necessities may render desirable , or circumstances advisable . " We leave any man to judge if this be not a fair interpretation of the sentiments quoted above ; and if it

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      be , then , we say , Don't emigrate at ail . Endeavour to destroy the aristocratic influence at home , instead of making it take deeper root in our possesions abroad . ' ^// ;; ^ When we Bay I > oni * t emigrate , " we say so from the conviction long Bince expressed by us , that there , is ptenty : for every man at home ; that the land , if properly cultivated , would / yield a supply of food sufSciBBt for ; fjwir tiinieS f -lie . number of the present inhabitants . And this fact we now proceed to demonstrate . : ' v : ^ ; ' ' ,.: ; v . ; .. ' : / :. v .-, ; ¦ ¦ : /' '; '¦ -. V- ' . ••; . - ¦' ! A writer in the CoJonitU - Gazette , in an article on "TheCauses of tlie National Distress , ? t ^ uscOoUy insults his countrymen * and libels Providence vr ^ -

      •* When the extent qf the supei ^ deg the British Islands , and the sum of their actual population , shewn by the reoent census tp aniourit to nearl y twenty-seven millions of souls , are compared , the cohvjetion cannotfail to force itself upon the most ; offusoate understanding , that the timo is fairly come , when England , evea if every acre of her soil were cultivated , can no longer , of herself , supply either food or employment for a very lirge proportion of her children ; -and though certainly it does not follow , as a principle of justice , ' that one portion should quit the common territorial inheritance for the mere accommodation of the rest ; yet self-preservatiod is an influence ; that will not the less suggest ' the expediency of eaferifice which / minor influences might prove insufficient to enforce . " :

      Such are the bold and unblushing statements put forth for the evident purpose of inducing the sons of labour to forsake the land of their fathers , and to seek a distant home ; not for the sake of any real advantage it would be to them , but simply that they may become more entirely the bond slaves of the profit-mongera and k the colonial aristocracy . The writer says "the conviction cannot fail to force itself upon the most offuscate understanding that the time is fairly come , when England , even if every acre of her soil were cultivated , can no longer of herself supply either food or : employment , for a

      very large ' portion of her children . " Our understandings may be " most offuscate , " at least in ihe estimation of Whig traffickers in sophistry and delusion , but we have the vanity to suppose ourselves not quite destitute of common sense ; by the use of which we hope to show our readers , firstly , that the lands of the United Kingdom are amply sufficient to produce all jbh& . / . neoeBmrieB ;> 'f '' iife ; 'for ;;' ' at 'le ^ t four times the number of the existing population ; secondly , point out ; the best means by which the natural capabilities of the land may be developed ; and thirdly , exhibit some of the results which would flow from a proper appropriation of the means at

      our'disposal ; / : As to the first point , we will cite authorities from which our opponents will hardly venture to dissent . M'CuLiocH , generally considered an authority by the "Liberals , " states that the United Kingdom could produce food for one hundred millions of inhabitants . Bishop Watson says that Great Britain is capable of maintaining thirty millions of inhabitants ; another writer , Dr . HAtt , saya it would support , with ease , ; ninety millions ; while the Earl of Laudekdale , one of the modern political economist school , declares it might support one hundred and eighty millions !; : v .

      Here it will be seen that Bishop Watson is vastly below Dr . Hall and the Noble Early and yet he is upwards of three millions above the existing popul ation , which , according to : the recent census is no * quite twenty-seven millions . Another writer of considerable eminence "says : — " On the most moderate calculation , Great Britain and Ireland are capable of maintaining , in ease and

      affluence , one hundied and twenty millions of , inhabitants . This proceeds on the supposition , that the whole mountain and waste land is deducted as altogether nnprofitable , and that the remaining arable land is divided into three parts , of which two-thirds are : entirely set aside for luxuries and conveniences , ; and that the remaining third alone is devoted to the staple food * f man , partly in wheat and partly in potatoes . "—Sheriff Allison ' s "Principles of Population , " p . , voli I .

      England can maintain ............... 60 , 000 , 000 Ireland ............. Vii .. ........... 48 , 000 , 000 Scotland ........... lsMo .

      The British Islands 123 , 000 ^ 000 . This calculation , though much below that of the Earl of Laudekdale , is four times greater than that of Bishop WiTSOw , onerfourth more than Dr ,. Hixi , and one-sixth more than M t * M ^ Cuixoch . These five gentlemen have all considered the subject—they have arrived at widely different results ; the numbers of population which they Beverally give as capable of being supported in the British islands from our own produce , amounts in the aggregate to

      five hundred and twenty-three millions , which divided by five , gives , as the average result of their labours , one hundred and four millions six hundred thousand , which ia four millions six hundred thousand more than the population allowed by M'Cullock , and nearly seventy-eight millions above the actual population of the present time . We presume these authorities will be deemed by all reflecting men , much more worthy of attention , than the unproved assertions of a nameless scribbler in ft Whig-Radical newspaper *

      We beg to oall the particular attention ; of our readers to the following table : drawn up , as it has been from official sources , it has high claims to the moat attentive consideration of the whole people * Reasonings may be fallacious , but figures , like factsj are stubborn- things . QUANTITY OF LAND IN THE UNITED . " il - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' ' ' ¦ ¦ -. ¦ . KINGDOM . .. . ¦• ¦ " . ¦¦ . •" , ¦ ¦ - .:

      Unoltivated TT ,, w . CulUvated butcpbleof ^ W ^ - TotaL imprvement " > ble wste Acres . Acres . Acres . Acres . England 25 . 632 , 000 3 . 454 , 000 3 , 256 , 400 32 , 342 ; 400 Wales ^ .. 3 , llT ; 000 630 , 000 l , 105 , 0 p » 4 , 752 , e 00 Scotland 5 . 265 , 060 5 . 950 , 000 8 , 523 , 930 19 , 738 , 980 Ireland « 12 , 125 , 280 4 , 900 , 000 2 , 416 , 664 19 , 441 , 944 Britlslea 383 , 690 166 , 000 569 , 469 1 , 119 , 159 Totals 46 , 522 , 970 15 , 000 , 000 lS . S' / l ^ eS 77 , 394 , 433

      From this table it appears that there are fifteen millions of acres of uncultivated land capable of cultivation inthe British Islands ; and these , aecording to Mr ; O'CoNNoXa calculation ; would" im--mediately produce food for seven millions of people ; and in less than ten years would provide for fifteen millions of people ; and at the expiration of twentyi one years , the onginal farms of fifteen acres each would be capable of being subdivided for the families , into farms of five acres each , if necesBary . Thus would our present waste lands , New England , Ireland , and Scotland , of themselves , support on the spot twenty-one millibus in afilaence , comfort , and splendour , at the end of twenty-one years , and for evet i" ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦' " ' ¦ ¦ - ' ¦ v - ' i ' - ¦ ; - ; ¦ ., ; - ; \ .: ¦' . ¦ :

      This calculation is , however , far below the mark , as we shall Bhowpresentlyi We will , however , first see how the present system works in reference to what is called cultivated lauds , because we shall then discover how it is that we have a scarcity of food , " and a •' surpluB population , " We presume the average lands of Englaod and Ireland are ^ pretty much alike—equally defective under bad management , and equally productive under good . We will j thereforei avail ourselves of the calculations of Mr . O'Connor , in his

      w Letters to sthe Landlords of Ireland ; " a work whichhas no equal for practical utility and moderate reftsouing in the English language ; which ought to be conned till all its principles are familiar to him by every honest man » and which , being now p ao Uahed in the " Labourei ' d Library , ^ byi J . Hobson , for twopence , may be ^ and should be obtained by every working man . We ^ beg ; the especial attention of our teadets to the followinjg details . The calculation is made upon the produce of a farm of one hundred acres , and on this Bubject Mrip'CoNiioB thus writes : — . - : ¦ ¦ - ¦ : " '' ..- : . y ^" - - -r- : / r ¦ . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦'

      " Ten farmers , tben ^ holding one thousand acres of land in the county of pork , arid living upon these farms for twenty-five years , ( a time when the family becomes mavriageable , ) will not .: unitedly , have Bpent £ 20 per annum in the manufacturing market . They live very , 'ittle , if anything , better than their labourers , with w . ' iom they breakfast and dine Bix days in ttie week bre ^^ t being potatoes , and thick milk , "blue , " from sixty to eighty-four boors old , sometiniea boiled into

      Untitled Article

      curda and whey , and sbmetiaies . cold ?; and they have the same for dinner , ftroio tbei : lstw . 50 JEcJanuajy : to the 3 l 8 t of December . It tbflt * wmer can , hold , possessioni and keep the stock ^ togettier , ^ ^ fftd . ifiMUwtwenty-flt " years bo has . acraped- ; tagethjer ^ jtSO fa » his chiWren ^ portions ,: hei « onsidewibiinsflUjtignfcw . eUofll . v W « Pul suppose aim to have- three sons and two daughters To the daughters he gives £ l « 0 each ; the second son he niajrries to another faq ^ er ' s daughte ^ ^ ^ he gets one hundred pounds ; the eldest son remains toe some time unmarried , and wh # n hi 3 parents meet with . ; a , Bttitable match for him in their old MO < they with the gossoon ( th © youngest son ) give op the farm tC the ; beir , ( witli his iKonomtV : consent ; . and some ; thing imre , J and live themselves upon a . few acres of which the eoa pays the tent : ; and the fifty pounds Bpared after the daughters , portion remains for , which ever shall be survivor , to live with ., the youngest , who seldom or never marries duriDg the life of the old w ^ pte- 'V- :- ~ rC \• ¦¦' . :-. ¦ ¦ : ;" .. - . i ; ¦ ¦ : ' . ¦ ' ¦ ¦¦¦ . '"'¦ ' . ' :. ¦ :-X - ^?

      -After some further observations , which it is not necessarytpquoteherevheiproceeds :-r- ; , v /' "Let us now see what surplus , after such support , the farm leaves for tramp and supply , ; in the consumiDg and manufacturing markets . We will take a year ' s produce : — V ..- . ' - - ¦ .. ¦ " -: '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ i- ¦ :. - . ¦/ ' :: . ¦ - . ¦ ¦ : ¦ .,. " .:: . :-: ; . : \ : :- ; ' ¦ : . -: ¦ :, " : . : r : ;; ' v : ,: ' :.: ¦ ¦ ¦; r \ £ :: B . - : d . ; Fifty bags of wheat at £ 1 5 s . per bag ... 62 10 0 Sixteen cwts . of butter , seconds and : thirds , at £ 3 5 s * percwtU ..... i . « . v .. , 52 0 ; Twenty barrels of oats , spared Uoia . ' , / ; / horses , at 10 s . per barrel ............. 10 0 . Ten fet pigs , at U cwt per pig , at £ 1 .- ¦ - y p 6 t CWt * •••••••••••?••••«»•• . •«•••*••••••>••• * & . 0 : y Spareipotatees , ^ . ;^ ...:.... > ......... «« 2 V 10 0 ,

      ; - ; ¦" . ¦ ¦ ¦ . .. ¦ ¦ ¦ , ¦;; ¦ , ;¦•; , . - •" . ;; , - ; ; £ vw . o ;; , :. o . - - Rent , say 20 s . per acre ..................... 100 0 Tithe and county rate ...................... lp 0 0 Paid to five labourers , besides diet ; ..... 20 0 # = RenewaKof cattle for dairy .. ; ....,. ... V .. 10 0 0 Wear and teat , smith ' s work , and addU , . tionalmen at harvest ................. i .. ' . 20 0 0 ' Laid by for ^ cbildrien ; ... ^ . ; ...... ^ ... ; .... 10 fr 0 Speut in manufftcturing market .......... 0 10 0 . - . ¦ ¦ . - ^ : ;" ^ -., ¦ ¦ ¦/ " , ' ¦ . ¦ ••; . : V . ., ¦ . ¦; ;/ £ 170 X 0 i . 0 . ;; : " Now whatinterc 8 t has the farmer for his capital em ployed as follows ?— ; - : ¦ ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ' ^ ' .: ' _; ¦ : ¦ ; ' \ : ' ; Price of twenty cows , at jerahead .. ^ .,. 140 i 0 , 0 Four horses , at £ 10 euca .................. -40 0 0 Carts , tackling , ploughs , harrows , &c ... 20 0 0

      £ 200 0 0 ¦ " What interest has he for that wbloh requires £ 10 ; ayear to kee » it up , by the renewal of dairy stock to its original value ? He has just the £ 10 a year , which he lays by , if all goes well I And what ia his remuneration ? Just the ameunt of comfort that I have shewn him to be partaker ¦¦ of . f- ¦ ¦'' J&&j / ibmi :: tti . _[ twea . tij ? tLiQ years he and bis family undertake great risk and responsibility , and at the end of that timo are more than happy if remunerate with "Ilia Honoat ' s'Vbond for £ 250 . " ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ ••' .. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - .. ; - ; ; . ¦ v : ; ; . ' - > ' ¦ ' ¦ .. -: ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' - ¦ ¦' ¦ : '" Having thus shown the ^ effects of the presejnt system , he proceeds to contrast ; it with what'would beaccomplishedby amorejust and rational system of management , He says : —

      " Landlords ! let us nowconsider what a hundred acres of ground Bubdiyided into ten farms of ten acres each is capable of doing ; how many it would maintaia ; the description of malntainance . ; and the surplus , after having supplied the family , which it would leave'for traffic in the manufacturing and commercial market I shall , according to promise , take the rudeatcalculations ; and , fi ^ lyi as tothe gross produce . One-and-half acres of potatoes , half an acreof fallow ,

      one acre of lay ( sward ) oats , two acres of wheati half an acre of ! . mesidow ,. quarter ¦ of an acre of fl « x with clover , one rood of kitchen garden , one ditto of vetches , spring and sumnier ; and four acres of pasture . Produce for family ' s consumption for one year , ( family consisting of a man , his wife , and five children ); sixty atones of wheat ; fifty stones of oatmeal ; five hundred stones of potatoes ; twenty stones of bacon ; vegetables ; half the milk of a cow ; with poultry , egga , and honey . . : ¦ . - ' ¦ ¦ . . ¦'¦'• ¦ ''¦/ •' ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' - ' ' ; "'' •'" . ' ¦ : : ¦'' /' . - ' ' ,. ; y ^ ¦ .

      " Lei us now see what this will afford the family per week . More than a stone of wheat flour ; a stone of oatmeal ; ten stones of potatoes ; tot forty-five weeks , deducting seven weeks for Lent , ( a time when Catholies abstain from meat , ) two pounds of bacon oa Sundays , Mondays , and Tuesdays , every week In the year ; and three quarU of new milk per day , twenty one quarts par week , —thus estimating a ¦ cow ' s milk at twelve quarts a-day for the summer season , and allowing one quarter of her milk in summer and the other quarter to be used in butter during winter ; but I take all as milk . Value of produce , after the above amount for consumption shall have been deducted : —

      ¦ V . \'¦ - ¦¦ - '¦ - - ¦ ' ; : ¦ : :. y ,::-. > ., VK £ . s . d , Nlnebags of wheat , at twenty stone the bag , at £ 1 5 s the bag .... M . ^ ........ ; . 11 5 0 Produce of a cow and a half , valued at £ 8 per ; cow ..............,. " ....... V . i .... i 12 0 0 Fiv « barrels of oats , at fourteen stone the barrel , at 10 s . the barrel , or less than 9 d . per stone ........................ 2 19 0 Profit on four bacon pigs , fed from to March , and bdUght at nine months I : old ; £ 2 lOSo each .. ; .,.................., 10 0 0 Proflt oh four sheep , fattodafter ^ flhew- . .. VIng , 10 s . a head .... ; ..........., iv ..... i .. 2 • Eggs , poultry , linen , ( or spun flax ) , H ... 5 0 0 Those amounts , added , make ... £ 42 15 0 From , which deduct : —

      Rentandratea ............... 11 0 0 Laid by for the girls ' portion and casuallties , per annum ..................... 7 15 0 , : ¦ ¦ ; ¦ ¦ ... - - /¦ : ; .: ¦ ¦ , - - . ¦'¦ : 18 :-15- 0 " - - TotaL ,..... ; ..... i .... ae 24 p 0 which deducted from , the £ 42 15 a . leaves £ 24 to be annually expended in the manufacturing and commercial market . " ' ... " - '' " , '""' . .: ;' : :.. ' .:. ¦¦' . ¦ . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ : - ' - -r ; •'" . : These statements we think are sufficient to convince any mind < apable of being convinced that the deficiency of food , so muoh complained of , is not to be attributed to a want of capability in the land , but to a want of justice in the system and common sense in the landlords . We now proceed to show that the land is capable of doing much more than Mr . O'Connor has calculated . In Mr . O'Connor's

      account of his visit to Selby we find an account of certain experiments , made by Mr . Linton , upon onfi-fifth of an acre of land . It appears that he has three-iourths of an acre , for which he pays four pounds per annum rent ; of this only one-fifth is in a high state of cultivation , from which , after paying a labourer three Bhiliings per day for ten hours work , he is able to make profit at the rate of sixteen pounds per acre . He last year had one cow , but the

      produce was so milch greater than the demand , that he has this year two cows , a fldck of geese , some pigs , &o . Last year , with only twenty-four perches cultivated , the profit , over all expenees , after paying fpur pounds rent , and after paying for labour , for seed , and all other expenees , the profit was about twelve pounds , on one-seventh of an acre in producing order . If the whole was highly cultivated , as the grass land yields little or nothuigj it would leave profit , after outlay and rent ,

      eiehtyfive pounds per annum . These are facts , and they warrant us in coming to the conclusion that the waste lands alone , it highly cultivated , would produce the . necessaries and comforts-of life for at least three persons per acre , that is , for forty-five million souls ; . V ^ We think we have now proved beyond the possibility of 'successful contradiction , that the British Islands can produce food for four times tho Hamber of the existing population . We will ^ however ; add one calculation more , which will ptit the matter beyond all reasonablei doubt . We will take the population at ^ twenty-seven millions , andw * find by

      the above table that the number of cultivated acres is 46 i 522 ; 970 , to which add ^ , 000 ^ making a total of 61 , 522 , 970 . Supp ose that only 45 , 000 , 000 out of this 61 ^ 22 , 970 acres are cultivated so as to produce food , per acre , for ; three persons , they would ; provide the means - of subsistence for 135 ^) 00 , 000 human beings , which ia just five times the amount of thepopulatiori taken at 27 ^ 000 ^ 000 We leave these faotfl to speak ; foi themselves , and proceed to point out , secondly , tha best means by whioh the natural capabilities of the land may be

      developed . Labour is the best manore ; and the land will flourish more under the ; subduing p ^ ver of the 8 pade in connection with a \ human foot and hand than by , all the steam ploughs and new-fangled machinery that has ; ever been applied to it . The labourer who puts bis earnings into the Swindling Bank truly earns wages to put them into a bag with holes ; but he who puts ' . his strength and energy , and capital iT he has it , into a bank of earth , puts it into a bank that never refuses payment , and always pays in interest tenfold more than it receives in prinoipali We have got what is called a Surplus population j that ia to say ^ tha mipglsd folly and rascality of our

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      social aysteia has draw * hnadreda of thousands of our sgrioal-n'jj ; p 6 p » latioa from } the healthy and invigorating pursuits of country life into those torre 8 ti » al h > lls ^ Le 0 ^ , Man ^^ the other deni of o ^ rikneBS ^ w ^ yi lave : sprung upwith " mufihroom rapidity fiioder i the ^ blasting ia-i influence of the manufacturing system- —a systeia Which' has said to gold " Thou art my hope f and to the fine ^ gtld ,. ^ Tndn , ar ^ my ^ fidence ^^ A system ^ whicW unier Jlua and-proper airangementffc might have beehj andwfll bnerdaybe ^ an incalculable , blessing ; but which at pyesentj'iinder the

      directing influences of selfishne ^ , av likethe Idousts o ^' Egypt . devours , with an insatiable appetite , -every green things Io < ioMeeiion * iti this system ^ we shave a xnachiiieF -pov ? 5 er ^ whioo > though in its ihfancy > i 8 oapable ^ 6 t L ; pjroducing-mort of the necessaries of liife > : in ; fiv ^ ' yearsi than the Whole population of the Qlob © could consume in fifty . Thus , then ^ we h ave a producingpoiver which encourages in us a spirit Of the most feckless and destructive competition j and we have a landed aristeqraoyv who neither ^ know their own inter * sis , or care for thb 3 e of thenr country , ' ; The one partyliave '

      got power , which : they refuse to relinquish the other party are . seeking to gain the power , which , if they had it , they are too ignorant to use for any beneficial purpose . j \ A , death-grapple ia rapidly approaching between theib ; and it behovea the people most assiduously to watch every movement of their oppressors , au < itoseize 6 neveryfavoarableopportunity for elevating their own characters , and improving their Own condition . The fact Is , the people most have tho waste Iaad at all events , and they muss have capital , without which to reclaim them is impossible . This capital , might ' be raised by the establishment of joint stock companies ; which , if

      fairly and . honourably conducted , would be productive of great good '¦ ¦ ' . but th ^; j ^ Kab ^ L to the objection , that their progress ^ would ^ be unavoidably slow ; they would partake too jnach : of the nature of monopoly , and ! the advancers bf capital would be almost certain to obtain more than their fair share of influence in the management of theconcern . We do not say that these effects could not be guarded against , but we think a muoh safer ajid easier plan , and one . more likely to produce immediate beneficial results would bo , that suggested by Mr . O'Connor to the landlords of Ireland . " - ''¦¦ ' ¦ ¦ . ¦' . - ' ' .:. ¦ : / .: ¦ . ' ' ' V - ^ : ' -v ¦ . ¦ . ,: . ¦/;¦

      Speaking of the waste lands and the means of applying them to the relief of the existicg distress , that gentleman says :-- ; ' 0 :-" The value of those ftfteen millions of acres , at twenty years' purchase , ; at : a rent of one shilling and foiirpence per , acre , would , cost ( Jovenunant £ 20 , 000 , 000 . V v v ^ " Now what I propose ia , that Government shall purchase the lands from you , eay at that rate , and then

      under proper official management , at the head of which Bhould be a Cabinet Minister , to ba called the Minister of Agriculture , lease these lauds at one shilling and fourpence per acre in lots of fifteen acres , with a capital of one huudied pounds advanced to each tenant , subjecting the teinanfc to a rent ot : Bye pounds per annum ; for the land and the interest of one hundred pounds at four per cent ; that is . one pound for land and ^ four pounds for interest . ^ ;; > \' . '' . ;' . '• ^ - :

      ¦"¦«« this sum of £ 120 , 000 , 6 . 00 ! . I projpose to cbnsolidate into one national fund , which ahaU etaud as a mortgage upon the fifteen millions of acres , and over which the Parliament alone Bhall have control ; and that lfc shall not be a transferable stock , or a stack allowed to be inado the medium of exchange , barter , or traffic in the Jews' temple ; but that : the GovernmentVshali merely be agent for , the fund-holder and fund-payerreceiving from the one and paying to the other .

      "I propose that after the first eleven years toe tenant shall yearly pay ten pounds in liquidation of his debt ; thereby liqiuidating the whole amount in | tbe next ten years , or with the twen ^ -first year of his tenancy ; at the close of which period—twenty-one years—1 propose that the tenant shall pay no more than the original chief-rent , of one shllliDg and fourpence par acre , ; and aU local taxes ; or a pound per anmun for bis hold * ing for ever and ever , and Amen—until some future generation , in its wisdom , shall see the State necessity of making the then occupiers —( themselves being pax * ties )—pay something more as ft quota of any national

      requiTement . Now , those who are- in Jove with a national debt as a bond of union , haVe it here in the flesh and the spirit ; those itboad loudly call oat for the cultivation of our waste landB have here the only chance by which their deaire , which is improvement and the bettering of the poor man ' s condition , can be simultaneously effected ; those who 'fear that popul ' ation presses too hardly upon the means of subsistenee * have here the means of obviating that disaster ; those of the school of political economy have here the practical illustration of one of their darling principlea—that 'when circumstances close up one channel of speculation

      and industry , other ^ circumstances" open another chan nel ; ' those who would gladly find a resting place foe the ' surplus population , ' made such by the substitati (/ n of artificial for natural' labour , have here the harbour open for them ; those ; who would add to our now , as they say , 'to © scanty surface of wheat-producing land / have here an extension offered to them ; while , although I would much prefer the more improved field for the establishment of a free labour standard of value , I have no objection , provided he gets the means , to allow my client to work out his own salvation in the more barren field ? " ;¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦'¦• - ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ .-: - ¦;¦¦ ;\ v ¦ ¦¦ : ., - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ y -yy- . ^ yy '

      We know of no better way for the establishment of a By stem of home colonisation ; and we know of nothing but such a system of co-operative unity aa is involved In home colonisation , that is capable of preservingthecountry from inevitable destruction , Let the people be drawn away from the manufacturing districts , and / located upon the : land , in eompauies of from twelve hundred to two thousand persons , of various ages , and capable of performing the > arious operations of mechanics , arliBts ,

      manufacturers , and agriculturists ; and let these be provided with the means of subsistence , and the materials for labour , and we have no fear for the result . We -are satisfied that if the locality was well chosen , and the arrangements judiciously made , these actively producing would soon become self-Hup ^ parting colonies ; and that in a comparatively short time they would be able to repay the money advanced for their establishment , and would become independent of mdney-mongers , capitalists , Corn Laws , and foreign markets fori-everv ., " ; '; s

      There are some things connected with these prpjected colonies too important to be Omitted , though our jpace forbids us to V ' goT into . the subject at length . Good water is an absolute reqaisite ; and the proximity of stone Quarries and coal or iron mines is ; a ; subject of no small impoX " anc e where such ^^ advantages oah be obtained . It to not likely that all the various mechanical arts and manufactprieis can be [ Combined ift one settlement , nor is Jt at all necesEary that ^ ^ they ^ ^ Bhould . Local circumstanceswonldmainlydetermine ^^ the peculiar avocations to which the Skill , industry , and capital

      coiilcl be most probably applied ; and each colony Would interchange its surplus productions with its n > ighboniri ; and thus a fraternal union would be established throughout the v « hple . The buildings would be no unimportant matter ; They should be bo ; constructed as to aid the purposes of heaith , cleanliness , convenience ; and to combine ^ th © advantages ! of' sboial > ilty withi fee'taost pe ^ ct adaptation forindividual and ^ ^ domestieprivaoyw ; We would ^ have them surrounded with every appliance for the most perfect d 6 velopoment of agricultural sciencej and

      with ailihebeautieaof nature and art , which the indostry and / eaterpriso of ^ the inhabitants could procure or proddoe . Thus ' , a community of interests aai ' all thatisrealiy valuable : in social , iristiitutions wbnld be obtained , while every man would feel himself invested with not only a right to the possession of the fruits of his own industryVbiit also of ihe power toijexercise such xigfit . All would be equal before the Jawi while the rights of private property would . be Individually reeogniaed and edllectively maintained . -. ¦ ¦ ¦ .- ¦ ¦¦' - ' . ¦ :: ¦ ::. ¦ , /* : : ' - ' . ) . ' . ~ y

      Letna now looki-at some tf the ir ^ ulfcj whioh would flowiiom a proper appropmtiw of the means at our disposal , y yy ::--y ' : : yyy . v ih ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ . ¦¦ ¦^¦;; - . ; - " .-- - From allihaf we have ^ said , it ia plain that the only elements requisite for the securing of national prosperity , iare land and labour and capital , in combinative unity . OF the first we have five times more jthan ^ ould suffice for our present wants ; of labourv we have a superabundance-willing and wus to be employed - an * of capital nobody over dreams that there is any lack . How is it , then , we ask , that we have millions in a state ^^ panperism , or fast approaohing / to that 8 WW ; .. !¦ l ^ w is it that with [ plenty of land , plenty

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      " A - ~ - - ¦ ' - ¦ " . - ¦ ¦ ' - T-H ' TC- N : / O-R : T --gE : R ^ /¦^ - ; : ; ;^ :: ^^^ : ^^ V ^^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 1, 1842, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct580/page/4/