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Aiiaaiesex VSiiUA nviiauaai Leeds :— Printed for t&e Proprietor FEAB GUS O'CONNOB, Esq., of Hatnaienanith, Conner
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NEW YORK PACKETS;
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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MR . JAMES LEA 9 H , of Manchester , wishes thus publicly to announce that he has become Agent for the sale of the Vindicator , Common ' wealthsman , Chartist Circular , and all the London Weekly Periodicals , and can supply News Venders on the same terms as any other Agent . Persons giving orders forthe same must address for him at No . 110 , Tib-street , Manchester . He wishes further t 6 inform his Chartist Friends and the Pablio generally . that ho has opened a Shop for the Sale of STATIONERY ARTICLES , and engages to execute orders for Printing , Bookbinding , and Ruling Also Picture : Frames , on tho most prompt and reasonable terms . P . S . The first number of the Commonweallhiman , Edited by Messrs . Bairstow and Cooper , will , in its improved snaps , be out this week .
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"P EFORMERS OF ALL CREEDS , CLASSES , XI AND OPINIONS—Should promote the circulation of the National Association Gazette , which advocates cheap , just and popuIiAR Government—the political , social and moral improvement of the People , —the Universal Edncation of the Millions , —the Equal Rights of Women , —and the Abolition op all Monopolies , Leg islative , Clerical , and Commercial . It is published WeeWfi PRICE l ^ d . r „ By H . Hetherington . 13 and 14 ; Wine-Office Court , Fleet Street , and Sold by all Booksellers in Town or Country ; - : : V : T
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m — BIRMINGHAM . GREAT CHARTISf MEETING IN THE TOWN HALL . One of the most nameroas meetings ever held in this Town Hall , took place on Weduesday evening last , which for order , unanimity , and enihusiasm , has never been surpassed . The meeting was originally intended to take place at eleven a'clock , but alihongh the nss of the room had been kindly gran tedby the High Bailiff , yet as a poll for the church-rate question wag being carried on in the body of the Hall , it conld not be procured nntil fonr o ' clock , at which time the poll closed for the day . The Committee , therefore , resolved to hold the meeting at sis o'clock , for the accommod&tion of the working
SECOND EDITION ; /
The meeting was called by requisition to the Mayor , signed by nineteen Aldermen and Town Councillors , and 350 electors andhouseholder ? . The deputation from the Committee , composed of members of the Chartists Association , waited setcral times on the Mayor , and ultimately received a very insolent letter , refusing to call Vne meeting and stating that he bad donbfa of the " legality" of the National Charter Association . The requisitionists therefore caused large placards to be posted , announcing the meeting , to which the names of 10 ( 1 electors were attached , and signifying that Feargss O'Connor , Esq ., and other fr iends of the people would address the meeting .
The Committee met in the Town Hall at-five j o ' clock ; and , after the final arrangements had been i made , the doors were thrown open to the public , j The Hall , capable of holding 10 , 000 people , w £ s j splendidly lighted , and Yarious flags were extended j from the galleries . Frost ' s Committee caused two J to be suspended from the great gallery , on one of I which was the following motto : — " We meet -to secure the Teturn of Frost , Williams , and Jones . " A beautifnl "Union Jack was suspended in front of the hustings , and the beautiful banner of the National Charter Association , with the emblem on the Association cards painted on it in excellent sijle , was hoisted over the Chairman—the whole having a most splendid appearance . The Committee deserve infinite credit for the manner in which the whole business was arranged . . " .
At half-past five the hall began to fill rapidly . The galleries were soon crowded , and the immense building was filled at a quarter part sis . Mr . Page , town councillor , was unanimously called to the chair , and was received with loud cheers . He said it was with feelings of great pleasure he rose for the purpose of addressing them on the subject of the People ' s Charter , wkich was so dear Jo them uli , and he hoped to see the day when aE classes would espouse its just principles . The subject on which they bad met was not a narrow one , it was one on which the welfare of the nation and the happiness of all classes essentially depended —( cheers . ) Snppose the Queen was to adopt those principles , she would endear herself to the people .
and if the Government were to take them np , they "would be rewarded with , an approving conscience , and confer a blessing on their country . There should be no division on this question between the middle and working classes , as they were equally interested in carrying it into effect . Tkere wa 3 one elass of society whose duty it wa 3 above all others to assist them on the present occasion , but they held aloof from those through whom they derived their influence . He meant the preachers of the gospel . The Charter was founded on ths truths laid down in the gospel , and was therefore worthy of their attention . The gospel even , went farther than the Charter , for it
inculcated the doctrines of love and mercy ( Mr . O'Connor made his appearance at this part of the business , and was received by the most enthusiastic cheers , ten times repeated . The scene wa 3 . truly astonishing ; every part of the immense building being crowed to suffocation ; in fact , it i 3 admitted by all to be the largest meeting ever held in the TownHalL ) Tha Chairman then dwelt at great length on the trnths laid down in the Bible as a raason why religious teachers should advocate the People ' s Charter , and concluded amidst loud cheers The Chairman then introduced Mr . John Mason , to propose the first resolution .
Mr . Mason then came forward and said , —Mr . Chairman , and Men of Birmingham , 1 feel proud of the honour conferred on me , to move this resolution , and especially so , when I reflect on the great character , associated with the name and exertions of the Birmingham people . When he ( Mr . Mason ) witnessed the immense assembly then before him , when he reflected on their condition and suffering , and contrasted those with their ingenuity and laborious habits—when he reflected on the affluence of the idle , and contrasted it with the indigence of the industrious—w 1 " en he reflected on the resources of these realms , and the masses of wealth which sprung from the fingers of tha valuable artisans , and contrasted it with their unhappy homes and starving children , it
was certain the government must have robbed them to an awfnl extent . ( Loud cheering . ) If , said he , we survey past history , what a scene does i | present . The happiness of nations and empires immolated to promote the glory of conquerors , or the ambition of mouarchs , and the pomp , the equipage , the extravaganee , of heartless aristocracies —( cheers . ) And why . ? bscauso those great rights we this night assert as the inalienable rights of man , have not been established as the basis of civil government . If mankind had enforced those rights , could an Alexander hare inundated this magnificent globe with blood , to gratify the inhuman desire of glory 1 No I Man would have resisted the desolating progress of unnecessary wars , and have maintained the
snpreisaey of government—( loud cheers . ) Review the history of the British aristocracy and their crimes against saffering humanity , when FraHce rose and overthrew the regime of the privelegcd orders , and proclaimed her liberty 1 Did not the aristocracy of thi 3 country plxnge us for years into a war with the brave French people , wasted the treasure our industry had created , and compelled us to pour forth cur blood to crush the rising liberties of that great people—( cheers . ) But the day is past when they could make us the means to execute their villanous designs —( hear . ) We are now io » intelligent . We assemble in the exalted character of men to demand justice ; every feeling which dignifies man , and ennobles his nature , animates us in the
accomplishment of this glonou 3 undertaking . We ( said Mr . M- ) have suffered much in this struggle ; but , certain of the justice of our principles , we did not shrink : no dungeon has terrors for the patriot . It has sealed the triumph of those principles—( cheers . ) Lord John Russell offered us cheaper bread ; but our reply was , " We demand justice I " This offer could not sednce us from our cause , even when suffering ; the working men were too intelligent ; they have been betrayed ; they never will be so again —( hear , hear ) . No , we shall have nothing less than that liberty God has conferred on mantlet liberty no man has authority to violate . But they say the working men are not educated . Why , because they are stripped of those rights which
should secure to them the advantages of superior education . Why are the other classes in possession of this attainment ? Because they eajoy those rights so unjustly withheld from ns . Again , they say we have no property ; but why arc we without propertj 2 It is our industry which has given existence to every fraction possessed by the propertied classes . We demand the Charter to enjoy the privilege of acquiring property , as well as those who have accumulated so much—( cheers ) . Is it not our toil which has cultivated their vast estates , and stamped value on the soil ? Is it r . o : our toil which has opened up ,-the stupendous railways , with all facilities of transit ? Is it not our toil which has erected our large and magnificent cities ? I 3 it not our toil which has
filled tie "warehouses with the richest of inanufacr lures I Is it not our toil wHch ias ereeied the nayy thai guards our > horc 3 * Yes , we are the source of British wealth and greatness ; and shall we toil and perish ? No ; heaven has stamped a nobler character in the breast of man —( cheers . ) We hoped , when the middle classes acquired their enfranchisement , that some grea > reforms would be effected j it has faihd to confer the benefits anticipated . And surely , we did not expect they should offer so many oppositions to the enfranchisement of us the working men ; but the day is nowarrived when every class must blerd their exertions for the redemption of our - common country—( tremendous cheer ? . ) The interests of all would be promok-d by the establishment of the Cnar ; er— the interest of all are suffering without it .
But if we are tohave a union , let it be an honourable one , it must be the Charter , the whole Charter . Mr . Sturge had proposed complete suffrage , he hoped no attempt would mutilate their ( the Chartists ) principles . He admired the men who would step forth to aid the working men in this struggle . It was a proof of great benevolence when men of rank and wealth came forward , to advocate the claim of their fellow-citizens , aud whatever had occurred , he ( Mr . M . ) was willing to forget for ever , when justice was made the basis of an honourable union , amongst all classes—( Loud cheers . ) He would now read the resolution , and begged leave most respectfully to move it . He hoped the day was noi far distant , when all classes would meet to celebrate the jubilee , the freedom and redemption ef thi 3 mighty empire—( loud cheers . )
Mb . Follows seconded the resolution . H e heartily approved of its contents , and should not trespass on iheir time , as so many able advocates of the peeple ' s cause had to address them . He would therefore content himself with seconding the resolution . Fjsabgcs O'Consor , Eso . ., then stood forward to support the resolution . He was received with deafening cheers , waving of hats and handkerchief ? , and every possible demonstration of attachment , which continued for several minutes ; when order was restored , he commented at Borne length on the resolution , and then said who will deny its propriety I Let eTery man in this meeting who does not consider himself entitled to , or capable of exerridng the right of Suffrage , hold up his right
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hand . What , not one hand held up 1 and scarcely a voier amongst yon , and all considering themselves entitled to it 1 Now , are you hoi slaves and bondsmen 3 Englishmen ! rouse then , tear the slave mark from your foreluads , and if you wish for freedom , dedare yourselves freemen . —( toud cheering . ) How do we stand to-night / What is our position now ? and what was it before the reajoxity of 123 1 For seven long years we were outcasts ; out principles repudiated , and their advocates spit upon ; while now , the same advocates of the Eame principles , are courted by tho very men who prosecuted us—( load cheers)—and the very factions that contended against thoso principles now profess to be converts to them ; but take care , and
bowareI Their conversion i « too sudden to be sincere ; and , if they do join in the movement , let them fall into ihe shafts , while yon remain in the traces ; and , I as a waggoner , keep those behind up to the collar—( great cheers , and laughter . ) They will chatter for the Charter , if they can use you as Chartists to effect their own purposes ; but , if once you merge your strength into their factious agitation , having achieved their object , they will assuredly throw you overboard—( cheers . ) To obviate this is my duty , and shall be mv care— ( loud chetrs . ) If they could get rid of Feargus , they foolishly suppose that they could warp the public mind to factious purposes , but they shan't get rid of Feargus —( Tremendous cheering , and cries of " no , never . " )
I remind myself of the old Irish lady ' s red cat . ( Roars of laughter . ) If a jag was missing , Molly , says the lady , where ' s the dIuq jug I Wisha , God knows , your honour ; but that thief of a red cat broke it . ( Renewed laughter . ) Molly , where ' s the little brewn jug ? Why , then , I declare but that red divil of a cat made smthereens of it . ( Convulsive laughter . ) Well , at last the old lady was obliged to give the red cat to a neighbour ; and , but sure the tay-pot was missing . Well , it was the red cat cum back and broke the tay-pot . ( Roars of laughter . ) At last it was decided that the red cat should be killed . And another jug was broke ; Molly , who done that says the Mistress . Wisha , God knows , your honour , but it was that divil of a cat that cum to life again ; and sure I always hear they had nine lives , but
I never believed it before . ( Immense laughter . ) Well now , I am tba red cat , and if you are Fold , it ' s ! fa 3 red cat , and if there ' s physical force , it ' s the red cat ; and if there ' s a broken mug or a broken head , it ' s all the red cat ; but believe me if the red cat was gone to-mcrrow , the heads would be broke ; for as long as corruption lives , there will be a red bull in the china shop—( tremendous laughter ) . Now , do away with corruption , and then they need aeiiher fear the cat or the bull , for until that is done , Feargus will bo the bull in their china shop— ( icreat cbeeritg ) Now , come , continued Mr . O'Connor , let U 3 < o fairly into the account and examine the bargain that i ^ ta be struck . The Corn Law Repealers say ' join us . " " Done ! "' say we , " that is what we
want ; coiae ajong for the Charter . JSo , ' say they , " we only want a repeal tf the Corr Laws , and wish to obtain your assistance to effect it —( cheers , and " Aye , that ' s it . ") Aye , says I , but that ' s not not fair ; you ask for union , while your terms are compromise , and all the compromise upon our part . Now we dont ask yon to give up a pin ' s point of your principles , and why should you ask us to surrender onr 3 ?—( cheers , and " Wenerer will . ") Now when an Irishman is about making a bargain , the puchaser says " Bunnayleghagke , " that ' s value it—( laughter)—and if the vender says " very well , " the purchaser having so far beaten him down says , " agus . SkuUeridite " that ' s divide it again ; so that you see if we halved
it , they would quarter it , and in the end we would not know our own child—( cheers . ) No , no , working men , we have of ; en been about tb . 9 thing , but now we are about to do tlw thing , and its the very thing they have always dreaded—Uoud cheers , and hear)—and now let us see what the thing will do ; ii will simply do this . It will increase aud multiply the produce of that land which is now locked up by tho resrriction of landlords ; while it vfili cause a mere equitable distribution of that produce , and also of the wealth derived from our present system of artificial production —( loed cbecria ? , and '" That ' s it . ") Now , I will shew you wherein iies your complaint . We will take one capitalist , Arxwright , who has made his all by
machinery . Isow , suppose Arkwrighfc to be worth five miiiions of money , which he is , and more , and snppose that , in the accumulation of that property , he employed one thousand hands , aud supposo Art-Wright ' s share to have been only a million ( pretty good for speculation ) , the other four millions divided amongst t » : e thousand who made all , would amount to £ 4 , 000 ahead , which , at five per cent ., weald * bj £ 200 a year for ever , as a retiring ¦ p- -r . sion for the labourer—( tremendous cheering . ) But ,, alas , ; re labourer is never superannuated and receives no re-iring salary , save that which the interior of the cold Bastile affords , —( aye , and shame)—and when tLe jolterbeaded King of Prussia laDded upon the carpexed town of Greenwich , to irituess tlie k
ceremony of t ' ne chnsrenin ^ o > young Prince , he was shown Greenwich Hospital , the comfortable refuge for th ? - rc-tired sailor , and Chelsea Hospital , tbe sweet retreat for the retired soldier , but they took him to no cold IJaptile—that charnel house , where he who supports all is doomed to eko out in solitude premature old age , brought on by the hellish lust of those who have crippled him in his youth , blasted his manhood . ai : d then , last , when he required solace , tore } : m from all that was dear to him , and ru ' . hlessly consigned him to the tender mercies of ihe fell destroyer—( Tremendous seasaiior . ) Ayr , aye , these are things against which I war , and this is the state from which , with God ' s blessing , I will release you . ( Great
cheering . Mr . O'Connor then in a most clear and forcible rcanr . er shewed how the interests of the manufacturer , by ftesm , and those of the shopkeeper , were at complete variance , vihile the interests of the shopkeeper and the working-men are so bound up together , that if the belly of the one 13 empty , the till of the other is sure to be so . He then entered into an analysis of the whole Charter , and shewed , to the satisfaction of the meeting , that to be complete it must be entire , and that any curtailment must stiii perpetuate ihe abomination of class legislation . He then let fly right and left at the Old Corporationmongers of Birmingham , who had fled from tho people into the sweets of office . ( Great cheering . ) And now , said he , having directed your attention
to the question of English abuses , and the only means for their destruction , let us see whether or no a mere Repeal of the Union , and an Irish Parliament , without the guarantee of the Charter , foi its purity and just representation would destroy any one of those grievances of which the Irish people justly complain . Let us take the greatest grievance of all—the State Church—and see how , without the Charier , the Irish Catholic people could destroy the nuisance . The Irish laud is in possession of Protestants , who look to the Church as a refuge for their destitute , and the land is the thing that must confer tho franchise ; and who amongBl you is mad enough to suppose that the Protestant landed proprie : or will allow his Protestant land to
be carved into Catholic votes , for the purpose of destroying bis Protestant Church patronage —( hear , hear . ) Well , then how would the Charter destroy , the nuisance . Why , thus ; it would enfranchise the Catholic man , instead of tho Protestant land—( tremendous cheering and " bravo /) Now , just see what the Reform Bill has dene for Ireland . It has increased the clearance and depopulating system from the mere dread cf giving votes to Catholics . A Repeal of the Union without the Charter would considerably augment the practice . Whereas , if every honest Irish Catholic cairied t : s title deed to the franchise about with his person , the land ha \ iag lost it representative quality , vengeance would lose its sting . The Catholic man would deal with the
Protestant church as becometh justice , aud the Protestant landlord well knowing that none were more industrious than the Catholic peasantry , would S 3 y , ¦* Now that you have the vote , conio . cultivate tho laud ; multiply and be " iruitful , and replenish the earth—( loud and indescribable cheering . ) Mr . O'Connor then paid a most flatteries compliment to the Chartists or London . He described , in animated and glowing term 3 , the glorious triumph of the men of Marylebone , and the no less Eplendid victory of the taylors on the same night ; and after entering into a ciear and perspicuous illustration of the principles of Free Trade , he aroused every sympathy of his audience by a heartrending picture of t ' ne factory system , wh-. ca he followed by an impassioned description of the sufferings of his countrymen at Rathcormac , and after swearing tnat Evgland should never have justice unless 1 : eland had it at one and the same moment , he
coacluded thus : —Chartists t > f Birmingham , 1 have stood by you ioag ; I have stood by you well ; and I will stand by you still , when the storm rages , when the tempess blows hardest , when the fury cf the breath of contending lactions swells the hurricane to its height , then you will see me at the helm proudly steering the vessel through the shoals , and if Eho should strike , so help me God , I will sink with the wreck —( the deadest silence was here followed by an outburst of the most general and enthusiastic applause it has ever been our lot to witness . ) The above is not even an outline of Mr . O'Connor ' s speech , which was universally admitted to have been the most powerful of hi 3 many triumphs in Birmingham , and the question now throughout the town is , in the month of every middle class man , O'Connor has made the working classes too powerful for us , we must join them or surrender to the Tories . Mr . O'Connor addresses the people to night , at the Mechanics' Institute .
Resolved—" That Governments ought to txist for the benefit of the governed ; and that any deviation frem this principle is an infringemeat of the moat Bicred and inalienable rights of man , as there can be no sufficient guarantee for liberty , life , or property without the recognition of those fundamental print ciplea . The Chaishah then put the resolution , which was as follows : — " That no portion of society had at any time a right to usurp authority which essentially belonged to the whole , under pretence of superior wealth , or intelligence : such usurpation being in effect a dissolution of
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the social compact , for where no protection ib given , no : allegiance can reasonably be expected . ¦ " That , as the history of the world , and past experierce , clearly demonstrate that all irresponsible Government make nse of their power for their own aggrandisement . It is therefore necessary to the wellbeing of society that they should be made responsible to and hold their power from the whole people , as the only guarantee for the honest discharge of the duties confided to them . " The resolution was carried unanimously amidst loud cheers . The Chairman then called upon Mr , George White to move the second resolution .
Mr . White was received with loud cheers . He said they had assembled that evening for the purpose of considering the propriety of petitioning Parliament for the People ' s Charter ; and as the resolution which he bad to propose referred to that document , he would endeavour to explain it to the best of his ability —( a slight interruption was here manifested by a few persons under the gallery ) . Mr . White proceeded . He knew that considerable prejudice existed against him in the minds of some individuals , on account of , what had formerly taken place in that hall ; but it should bo remembered that they were not met there that evening to indulge in paltry personal feeling ; they were assembled for the purpose of endeavouring to remove tho evils which caused
tens of thousands of their fellow creatures to be famished for want of the common necessaries of life . If any man wished to reply to anything advanced by him , he would no doubt receive a fair and impartial hearing ; and , when that was the case , no man had any right to interupt another , but in all cases where a heariug was refused to any individual , they were justified in their interruption . The Chartist cause depended solely on free discussion . They admitted the right of all men to speak at their meetings , and he had no doubt tVeir worthy Chairman would claim a heari ng for any man who might wish to state his sentiments—( cheers ) . He would , without further preface , enter on the subject which he was appointed to lay before them . Some parties
wero now getting up a cry in favour of Universal Suffrage , no doubt fancying thereby to entrap the working men , but a moment's consideration would satisfy them that were every man to have a rote without tho protection of the ballot , it would be a curse instead or a blessing , for their employers would be enabled to deprive them of the means of living , were they to vote in opposition to his wishes , and were they to be possessed of the Ballot , they would then be no better for they would still bo forced to elect either a Whig or a Tory , and he thought that no man of common sense would walk a yard to decide which faction should have tho privilege of robbing them , as the present property qualification would deprive them of
the power of making a fair selection . They would thus see the indispensable necessity of having those three points of the Charter . And supposing them to be granted without the other points , they would not secure a full , fair , and free representation of the people ; for , under the present system , Parliaments were liable to exist seven years : so that , if they once returned a man to represent them , no matter how they might object to his votes , they would have no power to remove him . They would , therefore , see the necessity of Annual Parliaments . And if that were allowed there would still remain the injustice of small towns returning two Members , the same as the immense population of Manchester . Birmingham , Glasgow , aud Leeds , thus establishing
the necessity for dividing the country into equal Electoral Districts , according to the number of adult males in each District , giving to each 20 , 000 the power of returning one niember to Parliament . No man could question the justice of such a step . It therefore required no further explanation . He had thus clearly shewn the absolute necessity for the establishment of five points , and considered the sixth as the key-stone . One of the motto ' s of the Chartists was , " A fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work , " and as tha Charter would give them full power to choose auy man whose honesty and ability should cause them to select him as their representative , they would see thu necessity of paying him for his services , as it would be doing a man an injury to take
him from his business without remunerating him for his services . ( Hear , hear , and loud cheering . ) Besides that , by payiug him , they made him what a representative ought to be , namely , a servant to the people instead of being a master , as at present . He would advise tho working mcu to examine the Charter , to weigh it well , and they would find that if any one point contained in it wore to be excluded it would not give them iho necessary power to stud men who would make laws for their bentfit . Some people objected to Annual Parliaments , staring a 3 a reason that it would cause turmoil aud confusion , of cour e supposing that tho business of elections
would bo a tissue of absurdities and intricases , as was the case with the Reform Bill , which aeemed to be framed for the purpose of feeding a herd of briefless barristers , rather than beuenlthig the people ; and iu order to see the fallacy of this , he referred them to the Charier itself , whtre they would find the whoie laid down in a clear , par&picuous , aud straightforward manner . Iu fad , he had never yet been a man who could ttand befoic the public and object to any part of the Charter ; it would be therefore superfluous in him to occupy their time any further , as thero wero several other resolutions to bo brought before them . He would most cordially move the second resolution : —
" That as the Government of Great Britain has proved itself inimical to the best interests of the natiuu , by the enactment of UDJust and arbitrary laws ; by the contempt with which they have treated the lawful nnd reasonable petitions of a suffering and oppressed people ; and as the Reform Bill has failed in remedying those grievances , it being a heartless mockery of justictvin-&bniucb . as tha present , a * called , Housa of Commons , is as corrupt as any heretofore in exibtence , a mnjority of that House being electud through the influence of members of the Honso of Peers , and a large portion through the instrumentality of wealthy individuals ; thereby proving a complete failure , bo far as the interests
of the people are concerned ; we are therefore ot opinion , that nothing short of a complete change in tho constitution of that House can secure to the whole people tfee blessings of self government , and the consequent happiness resulting therefrom ; ami in order to secure those desirable objects we are determined to exert ourselves by all peaceful and legal means for the establishment of Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , Vote by Ballot , Equal Representation , the Abolitien of the Property Qualification , and Payment of Members of Parliament for their services , as defined in the document entitled , the People ' s Charter ; ' and we solemnly pledge ourse ! ves never to . cease our exertions until the same be established as the law of this realm . "
Mr . Emes seconded tha resolution . He thought that the resolution which he had the honour to second , was so well explained , that little would be required from him . His voice was not very strong , but he would endeavour to make himself heard . He had uowbeen forty years before them , they had an opportunity of judgingniaa , and if was his pleasure to be able to say that he haa always advocated those principles . He then entered into an exposition of the conduct of the parties who had formerly pretended to be tho people ' s friends . He gave a
pathetic description of ihe people ' s sufferings ; and hoped tho time was not far distaut when those parties who had formerly left them , would return and take their place in the ranks of the people . He had always held those principles , and always should ; be was then seventy-fcur years of age , and would hold firm by the principles ot the Charter ; believing it to be the only means of delivering the people- from the miseries they so unjustly endured . Mr . Ernes made several other observations and concluded amid loud cheers .
The Chairman then introduced Mr . Bairstow , of Leicester , to support the resolution , who tvas received with loud and loug continued cheering , and Rpoke as follows : —Men of Birmingham , this is the first tirae I ever stood beforo you , I embrace as a most fitting occasion for the exchange of mutual congratulation , as well as for taking a review of cur past , aud rejoicing in the present proud position wo occupy , ( cheers . ) Why do 1 see this vast ocean of intelligence , this undistinguishable mass of heads before mo ? Why have you left your oottages to assemble here ? Why is the dingy cbarnel house of poverty vacant and noiseless ? To p-hat shall I attribute the commotion of this world of human beings—this intense interest felt in politics , but to the fact that you arrived
at the conclusion , that until you take your affairs into your own hands you will ever be sacrificed at the shrino of class cupidity , or sectional interist 1 The reasan why you have left your hontGs—have denied domestic felicity its tempory gratification , is because the source of social happiness has b&en dried up ; your homes have been blighted into barrenness : your hope 3 have been first dallied with by faction , then delayed and betrayed ; and , anon , blasted for ever . ( Cheering . ) Yev , my friends , I see here before me to-night , the effect of that master curse , that demon-Cerberus , clasa legislation—( cheers)—but I see , likewise , the very spirit in this vast assemblage that will ultimately overcome the baleful cause of its existence , " for poverty ^ ere it be quite overthrown , shall prove itself yet valiant "— ( cheers ) The resolution X hold in my hand charges the present Government with as much corruption , and of
being as inimical to the peeple ' a interests as any that ever existed . In that condemnation he most unequivocally and cordially concurred . Aye , he , the Tory Chartist , too —( laughter and cheers . ) He heard , when he rose , a voice in the meeting , * 'O that ' s ' t Nottingham chap "—( laughter . ) He understood the whole meaning of that expression , and he would reply to it , though in the heart of the anti-Toryand Whiggifiedtown of Brummagem—( cheers . ) When he assittad to return Mr . Walter at the first Nottingham election , he did it not from any love of Toryism ; no , God knew he hated that bloated thing . He did it iu the consciousness that the Whigs huiig to office but by one thread , and that the return of Mr . Walter would cat that last link by which the despicable Whigs kept themselves there . Well , he succeeded in severing that thread , —down fell the whole pile of imbecility they had been erecting for
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eight years;—iguominiouB , great , and eternal was that \} sll ~( I ^ ud : \ j » pp ] aa 89 |^; . He . . ^ d id : . it :: ' . 'tb . ;' foroe out the treacherous Whigs once more upon the ' vantage ground of Radical principles ; and had he not succeeded ? - ( shouts of " Y ^ s , yeB , " and tremendous cheering . ) Aye , to Nottingham he " went , fought , and conquered "— - ( renewed oheeriDg ;) Now , was that enough for the snarling Whigling below him , who yelped out Nottingham ?—( laughter . ) Now , look at our altered , but proud position . Bo fore , we were Jack Cades * Wat Tylers , Robespierrea , and levellers : the Whig press teemed with the most virulent vituperation that ink of gall , a . poisoned pen , arid hireling , perjured penny-a-liners could scribble , ensconced behind the editorial " We . "
They ( the Chartists ) were misrepresented , maligned ; the foul ^ fieud of persecution was invoked ; 500 of the bravest men who ever inhaled the light of heaven were immured in damp and putrid graves , and the noble chieftain at his right hand ( O'Connor ) , was choked iu the suffocating " Hell' ? at York—( loud applauEe . ) Look now at Whiggery , and Us counterpart , Chartism . "Plain John , " after smacking his lips , after the spicy wines pf a Whig feed in the "Modern Athens , " had boasted that Chartism was dead , and the sentence had been fe-eohoed through the realm ; but that night , before 10 , 000 peoplei he would stand upon its obsequies , and ringing his voice through its death caverns , he would shout" Chartism ! come forth ' . " —( thunders of applause ,
for some minutes . ) No , but while the very destroyer of Chartism was chuckling in the frenzy of victory —while revelling in the blindEnthusiasm of heralding its requiem , beheld 1 the mighty giant rose , struck a blow , and at once levelled its antagonist , entombed Whiggory , and rung its death jpeal ; Would the meeting pardon a parody !—( yes . ) Then he would aak not " Adam . " but " Whiggery , — where art thou ? " Aid not one solitary tongue ejaculated— ' Lo ! here am 11 . /—( Loud and long continued applause . ) Whero ; we were formerly denounced , denunciation has given place to courtship , and the lips that were y et quivering and bloodless in the effort to stammer but " guilty" in the jury box against tho Chartist victim , were now lined with silk
velvet" Begging with baited breath , in bondman ' s key . " " O ! we can do nothing without you—unite with us , or we must perish "—( shouts of applause and laughter . ) Ah ! ah ! but rather perish our right arms than that our subserviency should be purchased by compromise —( renewed and deafening cheers . ) What ! had they « spoused the Charter when every one despised it—had they embraced it , when it was rejected by courtly sycophants , piacehunting tools , and richly clad wealth , when power frowned upon it , when adversity scowled uppii it , when persecutipn shot its envonemed shafts at it , and would they how desort it . 1—( shouts ; of " 110 , no , " and great checrin g . ) The thunder of that indignant negative he wouia prolong and reverberate . No
alter we had seen Chartism springing out of the soil watered by the blood of patriots who had dud on the field , or : Buffered death 011 the scaffold . After we had sheltered it from thfr attempts to strangle it by the juggling of Whiggism ; alter wo had purified its advocates by passing through the ordeal of the dungeon ; after an ungaralelled eclipse of its central orb , O'Connor , for sixteen months ; after the dark deeds of blood perpetrated : by the spies of a corrupt government via Newport Sheffield , Bradford , Dewsbury , in their own Bullring— after they had been spat upon and reviled , while caressing alid hugging it in their arms—after the dungeoned body of a Clayton had released : its imprisoned spirit to a ? ceud to its father and its
God , to plead there in its defence—after the noble soul of a Shell had burst its mighty energies and left the last drop of his heart ' s blood to blacken upon tho streets of Newport in defence- of it—after the patriotic but entrapped Frost , Williams , and Jonos had been driven from their homes to the antipodie 3 , their wives made widows , and their chililien orphaned—after every cloud of despair had lolled away from the firmament , and every vicissttudo of misfordiuio had been chased awaynow , when tfemblitig hope had been converted into realization and triumphan t certainty , when opposition quailed and perfection staggered , when proposals for union were tendered from every quarter—was that , the hour for compromise ; ho stood there firm to every principle and detail of tho Charter , and would swear ,
by every difficulty vanquished , every enemy conquered , every hope of success cherished beforo the God of heaven , each and every soul in that vast assemblage , as ho would pour forth his whole spirit in that sacred and irrevocablo oath , never to give up their agitation for the whole entire People's Charter , till deatJiput a period to their struggle , or victory closed it lor ever—( tremendous applause , during which , Mr . O'Connor rose and waved his hat most enthusiastically ) .. ' . Mr . Bairstow went on toar ^ uo tho necessity offirmneag withconoiliation ^ -thovaluo of union' among all Reformers for the Charter , entered illtO a beautiful fcU'aui of apostrophe and invitation to ail classes and parties , and concluded a most ^ splendid ppeech amid the most enthusiastic cheering , by giving his cordial support to the resotion .
We oannot give one tithe of the effect produced by it ; tue wholoraasa assembled wore apparently electr ified almost n , t tho close of ovtvy sentence . Mr , Smith Lindonthen presented himself to propose tha National Petition , and was received with loud cheers . He said it was very rars to sea a working man like him , in a fustian jacket , appear iu the Town Hall , as the mover of a resolution . He appeared before them on that occasion for the purpose of moving the adoption of the National Petition , and hoped that it would not only meet with their cord'al appibation , but that every man and woman who loved their homes and children would
feel it to be their duty to sign it . He was not in the habit of addressing public meetings , and felt leas on this occasion , as the principles for tho establishment of which the petition wa 3 got tip had been so ably explained and defended by the speakers who had preceded him— ( hear , hear . ) He would , therefore , content himself by reading the petition , which abundantly spoke for icsoJfV ( Checrss . ) Mr . Lindon then read tho petition in a clear and audible manner , and concludbd by moving that it be adopted as the petition of the town of Birmingham , aud retired amidst loud cheers . Mr . Walter Cooper seconded the motion .
Tho Chairman then put the petition to the meeting , which was carried unanimously . The Hall , at this time , was crowded to suffocation , a deuso cloud of stcam , arising from the heat caused by the pressure—thousandshaving to depart , who could not gain admission . Mr . Walter Thorne then proposed the following resolution : — •' Resolved , That Mr . Geoege White be appointed as a Delegate to the General Convention , on behalf of the town of Birminghain ,: and that the petition be entrusted to his care for presentation to the House of Commons . " Mr . Walter Cooper seconded tho motion , and made a few brief remarks in its behalf . The Chairman then-put the resolution , a few hands were held tip against it , amid 6 t the derisive shouts of the meeting . Ho declared it carried almost unanimously .
Mr . Mason then proposed the following resolution , " Resolved , that this meeting deeply sympathises with those expatriated patrots , Frost Williams , and Jonas ; also Howell , Jcnss , and Roberts ; and aro determined never to rest Fatisfied until they be restored to tho bosom of their families . '' Mr . Mason made a few excellent observations , and retired amidst loud cheers . Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., seconded tho motion ; He said it was wiih pain ana sorrow he rose to second the motion .: They ought not now to bo suiDg for mercy , they ought to have justice . Ho said he
was present at the whole oi the trials , and could bear witness of the . shameful manner in which they had been entrapped . He thauked tho iH 6 n of England for their energ y atid perseverance in standing firm by thbse much injured men ; and the men of . Birmingham , desrved ' the ' . thank ' s , of the country for their exertions . Ho had a chest full of memorials to present * and only awaited the return of the Queen to the palace , in order to do so . Ho had orderd a cocked hat and laced coat to be got ready , and would present them in person . The resolution was then put and carried unanimously , amid loud cheers . ' ' . •/' . . : ' ¦¦¦ " . '• . . "¦ ¦¦ . -V :- "
Mr . Stewart moved a vote of thanks to the High Bailiff ' for the kind manner in which ho had granted the use of the Town Hall on the present
o . n . Mr . Follows seconded the motion , and bore testimony to the kind and gentlemanly manner in which the deputatioa had been received by that gentleman j and the ; promptitude with which he granted its use—( loud cheers . ) Tho Chairman put the motion , which was carrid unanimously amid loud cheerg . Mr . Page having left the chair , Mr , Follows was called thereto . / Mr . O'Connor then moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman ; He was glad to find that men of his order were no longer afraid to unite with the work ing men . Ho liked to see it , and to prove that he had ho objeotioh to an honest union with the middle classes , he would offer him the right hand of friendship . '¦'¦¦ . ' ¦'• . " ; A ' ¦ " '¦' , " :. '¦ ' . " ¦ ' ¦ ' ; - ' ' - . ¦ :. - \ :: ~' - : ¦ ' ¦ IVJr . O'Connor then shook hands with Mr . Page , amidst the enthusiastic cheers of the meeting .
Mr . Walter Cooper seconded the motion , and spoke of the sincerity of the Chairman in the cause of liberty- - . ¦ ¦'¦ ' : ¦¦¦ : '¦' ; : ¦ '¦' ¦ ¦' ., ' : '; - > ::.: < ;¦" . '¦'¦ ; ' . ¦ - . ' . : ¦ ' — Mi * . Follows p _ ut the motion , which was carried unanimously , amidst great cheering . Three cheero were then given for the People ' s Charter , three . ' . for Feafgus O'Connor , three for Frost , Williams , and Jones , and : Jones , Howell , Roberta , and Jones . After which notice was given that Mr . O'Connor would deliver : a lecture at ; the Mechanics' Institute on the following evening , when all who thought proper to join the National Charter Association would be supplied with cards . Notice was also given ; that any person will-
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ing to joni the association , might do it at the meetings in Aston-street , on Sun ay , Monday , and Wednesday evenings . The immense concourse then slowly dispersed , and thus ended one of the most enthusiastic , peaceable , and unanimous meetings ever held in the towo of Birmingham , ¦ . "Mr . O'Connor intends to visit Bilston , Wolverhampton . and neighbourhood , on Monday , March 14 th . He will arrive by the tram from London , at noon ; and will accompany the procession to Bilston . Thursday-night , half-past Ten o'Clock . Mr . O'CoNNOB has just concluded his lecture , and was followed through the streets by hundreds of the working men , who cheered vehemently and kept up with the : carriage , which was going at full speed . He has met with a most enthusiastic reception in Birmingham . The main body of those who cheered him through the streets were Irishmen , :
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murder . - TberewitB ^ another case on which it oei curred to him that it was fit he should make an observation— -a case inwhich a . person was charged with manslaughter from / what was called mala praxis . In this case the person acted a 3 midwife , and was alleged-to have acted with such want of skill as to have caused the death of the party . There was no doubt that where a person undertook to act as a professional or medical person , and exhibited such gross negligence that there could be no doubt of the impropriety of what he did , and death ensued in consequence of such negligence , that it was . manslaughter ; because when any person undertook a case of this description . ^
knowing that he had no stall whatever to go through with it , or having the Bkill , did not choose to exert it , the offence was so palpable , that the law consi dered it as manslaughter . But h « ought . to caution them that in these cases , the question being the quantum of negligence , it was very difficult to draw a line a priori with respect to it ; and it was for them to say whether there was such a degree of evidence as to show that there was such negligence as to lead to the death of the party . He had looked through two or three other of the greater oases , but they did not appear to Mm to present any difficulties which it would be necessary for him to dwell upon There was one case in which three persons were charged with committing murder , and the
difficulty . was the apparent absence of motive fox committing the crirn ^ , but this was not a great difficulty , because if ' ¦ the evidence as : to the fact of the murder being committed by the parties charged was strong , the apparent absence of motive was noi a circumstance which ought to influedce their judgments It was a case depending entirely upon the evidence as to the facts alleged , and there could be no difficulty in point of law . On a cursory view of the cases of a lighter character , or of more ordinary occurrence , ho had not hitherto met with anything presenting any point of difficulty to his inind , and probably taey would not present any difficulty to them , familiar as they must be , and many he knew personally , from seeing them on fois
mer occasions on the Grand JurVjwere familiar with the duties they had to discharge . If , however , any difficulty should arise , he should have pleasure , as it was his duty , to give them his assistance in any suoh difficulty . A suggestion has beett made to him , by one of their body , deputed for that purposehebelieved by the others , as to the expediency of having some better ; arrangement as to the time for taking thos ca ? es in Which the more expensive sort of witnesses were engaged—he meant nied ical witnesses . It was difficult to say iu what cases ; such witnesses would be engaged , but there were sorno kind of cases , such
as murder and manslaughter—m which it was probable they would be required , and he would give such directions to the officer with respect to those cases at to promote the object they K * d in view of detaining those witnesses as short a time as possible . It was not always possible to make the objects of jastico accordant with the strictest economy , but where they could be combined it ought fb be done . None of these cases would be brought before them at present ^ -they would have before them cases of a more ordinary nature , and in the discharge of that part of their duty , they would now have the goodness to adjourn . ;
The Gentlemen of the Grand Jury then left the Gouri to proceed with their rfu iies .
JUDGEMENTS . Sarah Goldlhorpe ( who was convicted at the last assizes , for conealing the b rth of her child , ) was brought up for judgment . The Learned Baron said she was convicted at the last aasizes of a very serious offence , concealing the birth of her child , and in her case there were circucastaiiRas . of great suspicion that a more serious offence had been committed . At the trial a doubt was raised on a point of law , which was reserved for the opinion of the judges . They had duly considered the case , and were unanimously of opinion that the conviction was well founded . The sentence of the court . therefore was that she be imprisoned two years to hard labour—to bear date from the time of conversation .
ROBBERY . Bevjamin Redgike , 34 , was . ' chsTged with having , on the 4 th of June lasfcj robbed William Archer of four £ 5 notes , two half-sovereigns , and 17 s . ; 6 d . in silver . v -. : ' -: ' . ' : ' .. ¦ '¦' . " ¦ ¦'¦¦• - -i . "¦'" . ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦ . ¦ ..:. ¦' Sir Gregory Lewin and Mr . Hall were for the prosecution ; Mr . Wilkiks- defended the prisoner .:., .:- . ; ¦¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ' - .- : ¦ . - .: - . - ,: / ¦ . . . ¦'¦ ,, " . . . : : ' : ¦ ' . ¦ . . . The prosecutor is a jobber , and lives at Floekton Common , and it appeared that at the beginning of June last , he became possessed of upwards of X 20 . The prisoner by some means became aw * re of that fact , and went to two persons , one of the name of Haigh , who wa 3 tried at the last assizes , and the other named Walahaw , to devise a plan for obtaining it . It was agreed that the prisones should induce the prosecutor to go to a field to cut grass , that Haigh and Walshaw should
secrete themselves in an adjoining field , and that they should push Redgiko into a ditch , and rob the prosecutor . Archer was induced to ciit the grass ^ and was taking it home when the rptbery was effected in . the manner agreed upon . Info ; mation was afterwards given , by Walshaw to a constable named Scott , who apprehended the prisoner , and he said to him , "Well , I'll tell you all about it , " , and produced ( the money in the presence of a man named Hirst , the notes being identified by the prosecutor ^ The constable allowed the prisoner to go home , ou promising that he would come to him on the foliowing morning . He however absconded , was subsequently apprehended on a Bench warrant , and a true dill being found against him at the Ia ^ t assizes . . The : Jury retired , and after an absence 0 ; twenty minutes ^ found the prisoner guilty . Sentence wa& deferred . ¦'¦' .. ; ' . ' ¦ . : •¦¦ . : . . . , "' . ¦ ' ¦ : . ,. ¦" ¦; v :.. ' . . ¦ ¦' " : '¦ . ; The Court rose at four o ' clock .
Aiiaaiesex Vsiiua Nviiauaai Leeds :— Printed For T&E Proprietor Feab Gus O'Connob, Esq., Of Hatnaienanith, Conner
Aiiaaiesex VSiiUA nviiauaai Leeds : — Printed for t&e Proprietor FEAB GUS O'CONNOB , Esq ., of Hatnaienanith , Conner
, oy J , ma j * " ^ ing Offices , Nes . 12 and 13 J , Maiket-strest , Brig " gate ; and Published by the said Joshua HOBSOff , ( fbi ^ the said B " eargus qSConnor . ) at hi * Dwel * ling-house , No . 5 * •¦ Market-street ! Briggate ; an internal Oommuaication existing between the said No . 5 i fitarket-street , and the said Nos . 12 ^ 13 , Market-sbreet , Briggate , thna canstitutiiig tiie whole of ttie eaid Printing and Publishing Offlc « ¦¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ one Premises ^ - ¦ •; . _ ' ' ' ; . . ; " i--.- \ . ' - . / Sav * tday , March 5 , 1842 .
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CROWN COURT , Thcrsday , March 3 . Shortly before twelve o ' clock , Mr . Baron Rolfe entered tho Crown Court and took his sea , t on the Bench . The names of the acting Justices of the three Ridings , the Coroners , Chief Constables , &c , having been called over , the following Gentlemen were empannelled as
THE GRAND JURY . Sir G . Strickland , Bart , of Newton , M . P . Foreman Sir Henry Boynton , Bait ., of Burton Agnes . Robert Bower , Esq ., Weitham . Digby Gayley , Esq ., Ripon . William Gurrer , Esq ., of Clifton House . HenryBrewster Darley , Esq ., of liutton Hall . Charles Fairfax , Esq ., of Brandsby . Francis Hawkesworth Fawkea , Esq ., of Farnley . Mark Foulis , Esq ., of Heslerton Hall . James Hall , Esq . k of Scarbro *
Richard HiH , Esq ., of ThorntoD . - Henry Wickbam Hird , Esq ., of Low Moor House , John Hutton , Esq ., of Sober HilL George Lloyd , Esq ., of Stockton Hall . Wm . JWarkham , Eaq ,, of Becca Hall . Wm . Rutson , Esq ., of Newby Wisfce . Philip Saltmarshe , Esq ., of SaUraarshe . John Plumbe Tempest , Esq ., of Tong Hall . James Walker , Esq ., of S 3 jid Button . Godfrey Wentworth , Esq ., of Woolley Park . Henry WiUoughby , Esq ., of Burdsali . Her Majesty's proclamation against vicej immorality , and profaneness , and for the encouragement of virtue , haying been read j silenco was enjoined and the Learned Baron proceeded to deliver
THE CHARGE . He said—He was extremely sorry to have to state to them , wha , t they were all probably aware of , that the numbers of cases : to be submitted to them for their consideration were both numerous , and he was sorry to say in most cases distinguished by circumstances of very great atrocity , as exhibited ia the charges against the prisoners . Whether the charges made against the different prisoners might be established of course would be the result of their ( the Grand Jury ) investigation and the subsequent investigations when the prisoners were put upon their trial . But if all the charges or even any large portion of them are established according to the way in
which they were laidbefore him , he certainly did say that ' . . they showedadegrceof violence and adisorderly state of mind on the part of the persons charged .-Ha had as far as he had been able since his arrival in this city endeavoured to make himself master of the facts of the worst caseE " , in order that he might , if any difficulty should suggest itself to him or should suggest itself' to them when they came to consider the cases , and they should consult him in order that he might be able , as far as possible , to guide them in the discharge of their duties . He regretted , hpvvcver , to say , that the great ' length of the depositions —he did not say they were unnecessarily so—had rendered it impossible for him to make himself
master of more than a very fevz cases . Under these circumstances what he meant to do was when he left the Court , both that night and noxt day , to employ his time in making himself master of the facts of the different casesj in order that in case any difficulties should suggest themselves to him , or might suggest themselves to them when the cades came before them , he might have the honour of addressing them again . And he thought it bettor to adopt that lino of conduct , than in the present imperfect information of the facts of imany of tho cases , to address the Grand Jury upon those cases , which ho thought would be a waste of public time . There Were one or two cases ,
however , to which he had directed his attention more particularly , and , therefore , upon them he was wishful to make an observation or two . There were no less than six cases in which parties were charged with wilful murder , which would come before the consideration of the Grand Jury . _ "O ' ne / of those ^ cases was one which waa very peculiar in the circumstances attending it , inasmuch as it is related to a trausactiou which is said to have taken place elevenortwolve years ago , the murdor being alleged to have been committed by the party oharged , so long ago as the year 1830 ; Now , tho circumstances of the cases were peculiar a isd whether they were such as would satisfy the Grand Jury that the murder wias
committed by the person charged would naturally depeud upon their consideration , —it would ; be for them to say whether the circumstances of the Case \ ipre sufficient to bring home the commission of the crime to the party charged . The difficulty ^ however , > yhich suggested itiolf to him—he did not consider that difficulty insuperable \ but still it was one worthy of coiisideration ,-T-was the difficulty 01 proviug that any murder had in this case been committed . Of course the Grand Jury arc awaro that in this case there were two inquiries to which they would only have to direct their attention ; before finding a bill ; first , whether a murder was committed , arid secondly , supposing a murder had been committed Was it
commuted by the prisoner . Now , mosc probably they would find that the question which would cause- them the greatest difficulty was the ^^ first question . This was not generally the case , for it generally happened that the difficult question was this , is the party charged guilty of the murder ^ th ere being no doubt about the commission of tho offence 1 but in this oase there happened to be a pr eiuninary dfficulty which would require the best attention of the jury .. The first question for their consideration would be Whether the person was murdered at all . Tho facts leadiDg to suspicion were very short . The alleged deceased is seen on a pai'ticular day and since then he has not been seen . In tho course of the last summer , a skull and some bones of a human body
are found . Theeyidence before them tends to show that the skull thus found was tho skull of the party said to have been : murdered . Now one important point for their consideration would be whe ^ ther there was evidenoe sufficient to satisfy them that the skull found wns the skull of the party who was supposed to have been : murdered . Of course unless they were satisfied of that all further inquiry was out of the question . , It . is commonly said , and he ( the : Learned Baxori ) believed that they would find it so stated in the text-books , that they could never convict a person of murder until they saw the body of the person murdered . That , however , was perhaps stretching the thing too far , for if they saw a person throw another overboard into the water and the body not to be found . it would be ridiculous to say that that party could not be
convicted of murder . Or if a man threw another into a furnace , it would be ridiculous to say that he could not be convicted of the same offence . But the facts in this case are not so clear as thit—a man is last seen on a particular day , and he has not been seen since . This case would require great attention on the part of the grand jury , for they might convict a man of murder ^ aiid after all the person alleged to have been murdered be still living . It would be for them to consider frem the fividence which would be brought before them whether the skull which had been found was such from its appearances as could be proved to have been that of the person alleged to have been : murdered . If they be satisfied on that point -they would probably come to the conclusion that deceased had died by murder , and if so , the next inquiry for them to determine would be whether the prisoner was the person who committed that
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CITY ASSIZES , Thdrsdat , Marot 3 . On Thursday morning , about nine o'clock , the Right Honourable Sir James Parke , Knight , one of the Barons of the Court of Exchequer , attended by the City Sheriff , the Recorder ^ the magistrates , and the aldermen of the city , entered the GuildhalU and took bis seat upon the bench . Theclerk of the Court then called over the names of the magistrates ^ coroners , constables , &c . after which the Grand Jury were sworn and charged . The Grand Jury then retired , and the Court was adjourned forthwi th to the Mansion House , and there ^ alter to Wednesday week , the 23 rd initant .
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YORKSHIRE XENT ASSIZES , WEDNESDAY , March 2 . ; The Yorkshire Spring Assizes commenced en Wednesday last j when the Courts for the county and the city respectively were opened by the Honourable Sir Robert Monsey Rolfe , Knieht , one of the Barons of her Majesty ' s Court of Exchequer . The Learned Baron came to the city by railway from Darlington , on his return from the Assizes at Newcastle . At five o ' clock the High Sheriff , William St .-Quintin , Esq ., and the City Sheriff , Robert Tonge Horsley , Esq ., together with their respeotive retihueg
met at the High Sheriff s lodgings , Coney-street , where they shortly afterwards : went in procession to the Railway Station , Tanner Row , to meet Mr . Baron Rolfe , who was expected by the North ' train * Which arrives in the city at half-past five . Upon this occasion the ceremony consequent upon the escorting of the Judges to the different Courts was of a much less imposing character than has heretofore been the case . In consequence of the resolution some time ago . passed by the magistrates at a Court of Gaol Sessions , certain forms hitherto observed were this day altogether dispensed with , and the number of the High Sheriff ' s official attendants was somewhat diminished .
New York Packets;
NEW YORK PACKETS ;
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8 ¦ ¦ . t . he ; norT ' . h : e ^ n /^ ¦ . .. ¦; , ¦ ¦ ¦ ; ., ; , ; . ; - . : ; . . ; : ; : : . ; , ; . ^ y : ' r < : JvMM ^ ^ M "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 5, 1842, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct588/page/8/
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