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    VOLTAIRE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY. The first Volume of this yd»' orateu ia

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    —o ^ th of mind ^ bo rare aa the inarch f ossa's intellect is onward : and forward , so * ure « 5 I 1 these principles go on , conquering ana to eonqner ¦ ya , la theJanguage oTtte martyred Mnir , « it & a tood ^ as sej it staflaltBnately : pterrilj it ^ allfinaiij i jBjn ^ . "—3 Cfae ; convietion that cheered tlat -patriot « i toe € tb of banishment from M * loved bad , is my ^ Bjpjxttai oa Hie threshold of a daageon . Gentle-^ en , lbave done ; 1 leave my case in jotu handii ; 1 -j are a right to .: ^ > ect ; afc yoor hands a » eidict of Jgm&t&i * aiX yonr -retdirt should tie tfifi Opposite W ttB ^ 1 2 » rea ^^ to anticipate , 1 tratf 1 ahall . jueet toe consegnenoes of a verdict of Guilty -with ^ a t Jotfitnae ¦ whicD . jwni 'become me as a man , and - » , 5 t oEfliBclnBf eonsSteney of conduct , and unyielding .

    ietd&ito to prmoplB , -which should ever characterlxs ^ jnsn -who , as a hare done , devotes Ma life to the ^ riee of his fellow-men , and the promoUoh of the -jjgppmeBs and "welfare of the whole human &mlly . SiarosL P . lbxbs next addressed ihe Jury ; The ^ efeod&nt commenced by a narrative of his life , jrom his youth , upwards , showing the difficulties he j ^ d had to struggle against , in consequence of poverty * n 3 other adverse circumstances , all of £ hich fie had been utterly unable to resist , not-^ jjlistendmg that he had laboured with nnwearied iidn stry , and * had invariably conducted himself with mbriety and integrity * Finding himBelf unable to

    jetter his conainon in lire , ne began , to suspect that there must be something radically defective in the fOTenung system , and , after a careful examinafion ^ f facts , he arrived at file conclusion that the jfortrtj ot the people was caused by a vieioui Byslem nf representation , which could only be cured by the ^ nfoag e being made universal . The defendant was proceeding in this strain , when The Jddob interposed , and said—I must call your jtiention ^ o the-charge against jon . The observajjons jon have beenmaking are quite irrelevant . If . ^ rerj defendant is to give an acconnt of his birth , parentage , and ^ dneation , I am afraid I shall hare le sijheretill next week . ,: :

    j ^ juryman—I "understood from an observation jaade bjyour Lordship , that -we ihbuld have laid before us the evidence as affecting each defendant . I -wish to ask your LordsMjs whether It is necessary fans to sit hereto listen to speeches such as have % ecn delivered by the two last speakers , which have pojiuyr whatevei to do tctth the question ! The Judge—Beally , Sir , 3 can give no answer to any sach ouestionas that . It is one , Altogether new joins . " Jlr . O'Connor—My Lord , I beg to make sn application to yoar Lordship , to have the question of the jnror inserted npon your notes . ! Che Jodge—Certainly not s 1 can take no notice of . ft whatever . I never iad sneh an application

    Bad ? Jo me in my Ufa . tib . WQvibnj—It appears tone , my Lord , that Jhh qnestion will go forth to the world . Tae Judge—I must interrupt yon . I can't hear ycm on any such matter . ~ The Defendant then resumed Mb observations , and was proceeding to advoeate the Charter , and recommending its adoption , when The Judge again interposed , sayings that the mom ent you adopt _ suoh a line of argument as this J can ' t hear you , because I should not be justified in jistening to a discussion as to what would be the best means of relieving the present distress . Defendant—Then I abandon that . Ti » Judges-There is evEry disposition to give the almost attention to anything that has the remotest reference to too issnen but 2 cannot aQow the public jia » to he occop j ed frith matter which is wholly irrelevant to this inquiry .

    Toe defendant resumed his address , and denied altogether the charge of conspiracy , Those parties with whom he was said to have' conspired , he £ new nethmg about them , either personally 4 > r in any -other way . Richard Otley next appeared . —Be viewed ihe evidence which had been offered in support of the prosecution as resembling a very beautiful flower , found on the banks ' of the Dead Sea . It appeared very beantifol to Ihe eye , but the moment it was touched by the hand it crumbled into pieces . So it Was with the Attorney General ' s evidence . It appeared io be very specious , bnt when it came to be tested by the application of troth and common sense it was found io be ef no effect . The defendant was about to read from a manuscript , which he had in his possession , but on the suggestion of some friends irho sat near him , he was induced to forogo his intention , and to content himself by d ? R <\ iMmin £ ever iaring had the intention of conspiring with any portiBB of Ms fellow snWBeLs .

    George Johnson was aboni io address the Court , when . The ATTOKSBT-GgyKTUT . intimated to his Lordship that he did not think there was BufBcient evidence ajfiiast Johnson to induce him to proceed further with the charge . A verdict of acquittal was accordingly taken . Defendant—Then 1 have not an opportunity of » ying anything morel ( Great laughter . ) Charles Storer , in his defence , said he had only recommended a strike fox wages , and he believed £ be sole reason why he was prosecuted was , ihat he had been a strenuous opponent of the Anti-Corn law League . Ab a Chartist , he had a right to eaieriain whatever political opinions he thought proper . He had advocated Chartism , and he . should do S > again , notwithstanding that he might be inearcen ied in a dungeon . If the Jury did him justice , iwweTer , they must acquit him , for hfi copld nost conscientiously say , that lie bid dons nothing

    wrong . Barnard M'Cartney , in answer to ihe charge igiisst him , appealed to the past actions of his life , all of which , especially during ihfrlate disturbances , htdbeeuregulated by a regard for the Bacredness of froperry , and inviolability of person , and the iaculea ^ ion n pon ^ ie minds of the political party with Trhom he associated , to respect the opinions of those yho might happen to difler with him . In allusion to the « Tidence which had been offered by the Adorney-General , tbe defendant then . inquired ^ > y the witnesses who had given evidence against Km before the magistrates had sot been pot into the box to state to the jury what they knew of tea . If they had been produced , they would

    disfiactly and unhesitatingly have declared that at the Ksei&gs he had attended , he recommended the people to protect every blade of grass , and every tgoare of glass in the country . Waa this con-« Eivy ! Hb trusted &ey -were not sioni to be pitted under a inilitery despotism , but thai ibe jirj by their verdict of acquittal would confirm tJd sell some of those privileges , in the enjoyment tf which th ; y wer « on All occasions priding ibemitha aa being superior to all the other nations of &e world . If any attempt was made to arrest the tptiaate expression of public opinion , they wonld iote the people to desperate remedies , which he treaed would never be found to be the result of a radietof a British jury , impannelled for the

    purym of putting a legitimate construction upon what tiffisatated the liberty of ihe Bubject . The defeadant denied that any inference could be drawp tea ihe recent turn-out favourable to the suppoa-Ssa that the people intended to conspire together fc fiie destructioa of property , for no sneh thing hi taken place ; on the contrary , it had been admitted that from ihe holding of the Conference tip to Represent feuej things had been tranquillising &i » a to their former peaceful character . Mr . JPCartaey then alluded to the witness Griffin , whom b deacmnced as a man who had banished au tao lo ^ a- ieeifaigg ot human nfttore from las Breast , * k o had violated every principle of bononr and ^^ nde , for , after having visited him _ { Mr » tfGsitney ) in the prison , sympathised with him in fe confinement , congratulated him on his release ,

    jaw * him warmly by the hand , on separatig from each other , and then this very ** a turned round , and furnished the informtjtai , on ihe strength of which , he was ^« n wre sted . With regard to the oharge , the osfendant designated the evidence which had been jWnced in support of it , as flimsy , trifling , and confeffiptible , and such as they eonld not foond a verdict « palty upon . Mr . M'Carfcney justiSed his attendee « the meeting of delegates , which he mam-^ was perfectly legal , and with regard to his ™ " « proceedings , he said he Bhould feel xt his 4 uty wpetsevere in the advocacy of the ^ ame principles , «*« ess ] y and boWly , though at the same time , *? i * unar « Jj , and he hoped with that respect for the ^ awn of others -which all men claiming freedom of ^* Wb . Uifl thought , ought honestly to accord . ftrtsn tbe

    < Alinson , next proceeded to address Jury w i > 8 wa 3 relieved from the the necessity of doing t , by JOfc Attornej'General consenBng to 4 ake a ver-° « of Acquittal , the evidence being insufficient to ^ aainthe ehargs . - Mi- Beesiet , in addressing the Jury , said he JoaW not occupy much time , as he was conscious we Jury -would already be fatigued and weaned "P 1 lhe inoesant attention which this case had ref ^ &t their h andB so long a time . He would " ^ J aHnde to those circumstances of it which "Beenied himself , and he trusted they would re-^ iroBi the Jury that consideration which-might P * ole them to give an impartial verdict . It waa ^ ked difficult to see in what wav ihe evidence bore wast him at all ; he should perhaps best hare coniii interes he

    ^^ t by saying nothing , ior really ^ a not conceiYe that there was any evidence at ^ . ^ JHis thinu Eoflilng liad ima . hronfiht homa ffa ta connection with the case j he had not | 5 ldenfified in or with it . Ho charge had even f ^ Prefened against him , for he had never been J ^^ d on the char ge contained in this indictment , S- kd ke ever pleaded to it , Gmlty ' or ** Guiity , never having been required to , do tn ? *^ it had been . sworn by Cartledge ihat % WI' Beeslev ) was at the Conference , but no F ^ t had been made to bring home this evidence £ 2 * - It had not been shewn tfcaf he was ^ he S * aey meant . There were many Beesleysheside 3 ^ anahe-was not hound U > assist the Government J au admissionB in securing his conviction . But * hfn ? - was aware of this , he had no wish to ^ iauseif of ^ n irks or quibbles . He was not the * aa to thdver himself under thefalse mantle of eva-

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    sion ; he would assert the truth always witW fear was at the Conference s but hewasnot going tedeny ^ rl ^ i *^ ^ * ^ eatati ^ ** the inhabiteots Sutt apdif- mother sneh Conference should be caUedi having Bfeepnrpewes in view , md ? ^^ eighbours and frieate should again elect htm , heshould a ^ in ^ feel ithi » dutyto a ^ . ^ lVta ^ V * 1 ? ?^' ie trOBMihai f »» their verdict heahonld not learn it , thaifeo bare Act of his attending that meeting eonld be ^ eonstrned as a crime ; for he was there , he took part in th& poceedinga of the Conference , and the par iie took was in opposition to the : strike-r

    am oecaase ne considered the-strike to be mrrastifiable or . -illegal , but becanse in hia judgment it ^ as impolitic to mx np tbe Chartist movement with it . Me thought it calculated to retard that movement , which his heart held dearest of all things , and hence big opposition to ibe proceeding of those who saw no such danger , and who sought therefore i ?^ ! ^ S m ? an B of advancing that movement , u heJiad thonght that the Chartist movement could bejaereby accelerated , he would have upheld the Btnfce , though he might for so doinghave been called conspirator or branded with any other epithet which the Crown lawyers might have thought fit to apply to him . In his own district he had laboured to repress violence and to cause life and property to

    to be respected . He was too poor to bring witnesses to Bpsak to these facts , but he knew them to be within the knowledge of the Attorney'General , and he might appeal to him as his best witness . The Learned Gentleman had sent out a commission to enqaire into the Btate of his neighbourhood , and he knew that the commission had been informed that tbe preservation of peace had been mainly owing to his exertions . Tbe Attorney-General knew this , and it would bnt have been candid in him to have told it to the Jury , and have saved him CBeesley ) the trouble of doing so . -The only other matter of evidence against him was that ef Superintendant M'Cabe , who deposed to having found in his carpet bag , when taking him into custody uDon a former charce .

    several printed papers , purporting to be passed by the Conference . He had no recollection of these papers , he was not aware that they were in his carpetbag at all , nor had any proof been offered to the Court or Jury that these -were the same papers that were alleged to have beea found in Mb carpet-bag . But , supposing them to be so—and he had no disposition to be nioe about the matter—what then 1 What was there in the possession of these documents to criminate any man ! He was sorry the ; had sot left . Mm an © dd one , or he would have read it to them . ( A laugh . ) Ths Attorney-General proenred one of the documents from off the Judge ' s bench , and handed it to the defendant .

    Mr . Beesley read it to the Jury , and then went on to say , that though he had opposed that resolution at the Conference , he was prepared to defend it now . He maintained that there was nothing in it to merit the character which had been endeavoured to be fastened on these proceedings by the prosecution . The Conference had been sufficiently demonstrated by the learned counsel , who Ipreeeded him , to be a legal meeting , and the resolution was one which any legal meeting was competent to pass . Mr . Beesley then went on to some other matters , not perhaps quite revelant to the issue , and which we , therefore , omit . He eondaded bj reminding the Jury that they had an important duty to perform , and that thongh some , or perhaps all of them , might entertain political opinions different from his own , they were not to permit those opinions to pervert

    judgment , and te warp the cause of justice . He claimed at their hands such verdict as the dream--stances and the evidence required against him , and he felt quite confident that that verdict would beu Not guilty" in any case . His principles would remain unaltered , and his determination to assert them equally so ; he was a Chartist : and whatever amount of persecution or imprisonment it might subject him to , he should remain a Chartist . Their verdict might consign him to a dungeon for a season , bnt the time would pasa over ; and when the gates should be again unbarred to Mm , and he emerged into the free air of heaven , he would be the same man . Ten thousand prosecutions could neither hurt nor harm him , for he was determined , while life lasted , to s # nnd the tocsin of the Charter as the death-note of tyranny and faction

    Chbisto ? H £ B Dotle , in addressing the Jury , denied that the Chartists were the authors of the late strike , and he referred to the meetings of the anti-Corn Law party for the purpose of showing that the language used by those parties , was far more violent than that employed by the ChartistB . He ( Mr . D . ) had always stood up for his rights , but he had done so fairly , honestly , and legally . On all occasions , he had recommended the people to obey the law , even though it was a bad one , so far as then interests were concerned , and during the late strike , he had inculcated the same peaceful demeanour , and he himsaif prevented violence being offered to both person and property . With respect to the Charter , the defendant said that some of its principles had been ad Treated bj tbe I > nke of Richmond , Charles James Pox , and the Marquis of Lansdowne , and it was solely on account of prejudice that those principles were not generally

    acted _ npon now . Mr . Doyle maintained that it "Was owing io unjust laws that the people were discontented , and he believed that bo 1 ob % as a system continued which allowed one portion of the community to riot in unbounded luxury while the-other portion—the producers of all wealth —were in a state of destitution , and left to pine for the common necessaries of life , the people never would be contented , and order roald not be preserved in the country . With respect to the indictment , Mr . Doyle maintained the legality of the Delegate Meeting , and the resolution which had emanated from it , and concluded by saying that he should feel bound , in justice to Ms own convictions , to continue his advocacy of the Charter in future . Jonathan Baibstow defended the legalitv of all hiB actions , with respect to the meeting of delt gates , which he maintained was merely an assemblage of freebom Englishmen , met together to discuss a great principle .

    _ ... _ .. . Wnxuar Woijbsdsn adopted a similar line of defence , and denied having attended the meeting at Mottram Moor . JaKSS Lkich addressed Qie Jury ai considerable length . He show « d most inoontestibly that the late strike was the result of deep-rooted discontent on the part of the working classes , occasioned by unjust laws and oppressive taxation , which subjected them to unceasing toil , to the lowest amount of remuneration for their labour , to great physical endurance , and to ail the misery and privation which such a state of things was calculated to produce . Mr . Leach justified Mb attendance at the delegate

    meeting ; and as to the charge of conspiracy , ne cheerfully appealed to those parties by whom he was best known , to say whether he had not on all occa sions enforced obedience to the law , and an abstinence from every thing approaching to outrage npon either person or property . At the dose ol Mr . Leach ' s address , Mr . O'Cosmob stated to his Lordship that he was the last defendant who had to address the jury , and , therefore , he had to ask for an adjournment till the following morning . ,, « _ .. The Learned Judge consented , and the Conrt rose at seven o ^ elock .

    WEDNESDAY—SEVENTH DAY . Mr Baron Boixe took his seat on the bench at nine o ' clock . Mr . ( yCowjroB then rose , and addressing his Lordship and the Jury , Baid , that before he entered into a consideration of this case he hoped he might be allowed in the first instance , to add hia meed of praise to that wMch had already been bestowed npon the manner in which this trial had been conducted , from the beginning of it up to the present moment . The defendants had no right to complain—they had no fault to find , and therefore they did not complain . He did not look upon tMs prosecution as an act of kindness , or as an act of justice , or as an -act of conrtesy . He went further—he looked npon it , as

    regarded himself , as an act of grace . After the evidence they had heard , if their verdict upon it was one of gailty , it would not convey to the public mind of this country half the criminality wMch before this trial attached to his character . When the occurrences wMchhad been made toe subject of investigation first commenced , the press of all parties teemed with the importance of the case , —that it was one little short of high treason , and that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) was the prime mover in the various transactions connected with it . He was well aware thatit wonld be impossible for him altogether to remove those prejudices which for yeara had been engendered in their ro - He did not seek to perform any such Herculean taskbut if they left that box with those

    , prejudices against his characterless than when they entered it , then would he have acMeyed a greater triumph than even their verdict of acqiiital could give him . They had heard several of the other defendants defend themselves , and Bpeak disrespectfully of their verdict—he meant disregarding it . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) only comparatively disregarded it . If he destroyed their prejudices , and if the law told them that they ought to find Mm guilty from the ; evidence , let it be so ; but , provided he destroyed their preindices , again lie would say that he should bail their verdict as a trinmph . Ihey were *© w to coma back after this long and rambling

    investigation to something like a consideration of theieal Question , and ont of the multiplicity of evidence which had beenthrown before the jury , aUmixed up together it would he Ms duty , although conaderably relieved by the analysis of the evidence which his LordsMp had made , to bring their minds back to the consideration of the real charge , if any there existed , against Mmself and the other defendants . They mast naturally suppose that in a prosecntjeffofttus kind the Attorney-General , on behalf of the Crown , would la y his whole case before them . They must natnrally conclude ihat he -would rapport this prosecution b y all the evidence which he could possibly produce . He admitted that the opening speech of the Attorney-General yras what the opening speech of a

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    lawyer and agentleman seeking justice ought to be . It was a very different spewh from those which , under sanlar circumstances , he had been aocustomed ^ tp hear j bat taking it without any contrast atall it ws »" the ^ speech of a law yerand a gentleman . He agreed with the Attorney General that investigatfon was not only necessary but indispensible . After the stater winch had ; been represented to them —after the State whioh had been proved to them that this opaoty was in for a considerable time , the Attorney General would have' been justly charged with a dereliction of doty if he had not made this solemn enquiry in a Court of Justice . But another question followed that , namely , whether the rijcht parties were before them : and

    that was a questiott which he should have to submit * o them by-and-by . What was the nature of the crime with which the . defendants were charged 1 Did anybody untferstaad it t What was the reason taat , in the course ef these proceedings , the Jnry had been compelled te confess that they were somewhat paaded with" the meaning of the indictment t What was the reason that Mb Lordship had found it necessary to relieve , if pos&bhs , the mist which surrounded it , and t » place it in a clearer and more simple manner before the defendants ? Why , it was because the Attorney-General had heaped together bo many different charges as to make it impossible for any defendant to understand to what specific charge he was to apply Mmself , If this indictment had been

    brought before them in a legitimate form— -if rioters had been indicted for ariot . if those who had caused tnamltuoas and illegal meetings had been indicted for that , if those who had been guilty of a conspiracy had been indnfted for that , then his trouble wonld have been comparatively light , and the labour both of his LordsMp and the Jury would have been much contracted . This , however , the Attorney-General had not done ; having ferretted throughout the country for evidence—having produced that evidence before the magistrates—and having so far substantiated their case as to obtain a committal , and not a Bingle witness b y whom it was substantiatedhaving appeared in that Court to reiterate Ms testimony , another perambulating tour was

    was made to rake up fresh evidence in order to snbstantiate these several charges . What did they want I Conspiracy was a definable thing . The moment that an agreement took place to do an illegal act by legal means , or to do a legal act by illegal means , that moment the crime was perfect ; it did not require two months to oomplete the crime , nor was it necessary to prove overt acts to substantiate the oharge . In order to prove the oharge of conspiTacj , not only mast there b « a common design , but there must be a privity of knowledgeand that common design , and all the acts arising ont of it , must go in furtherance of it , and 0 Q 4 conspirator must go to the extent that the others did . These were facts whioh would

    shortly be laid before them by his LordsMp , and therefore it was the less necessary for him to trouble them at any considerable length . But let them see by whom in the first instance , this case was proved . The Attorney-General , in the opening of Ms case , stated that the charge against the defendants was that they had conspired together to force a change in the law , by tumult and riot . There might have been some doubt as to the complexion which this prosecution bore op to the acquittal of Wild . There was a desire on the part of the crown to avoid evidence relative to the strike for labour . He had not for the life of him been able to discover why and wherefore it was that the Attorney-General sought to gloss over the case , and to put a new face npon it .

    Bat when he found the Attorney General consenting to a verdict of acquittal in favour of Wilde , because he did not stand to the Charter , then he discovered for the first time that this was a political prosecution . Then he came to the conclusion that the Attornev-General had determined , whatever the evidence might be , —nay not the Attorney-General , for let it not be supposed that he laid this at his door , —but those who had been engaged in gettiBg ap the evidence which was presented before ihe magistrates , in the first instance , seemed determined to obtain a conviction , and they now proposed to do this by calling an entirely different class of witnesses , to prore a totally different case of conspiracy . That was an important fact ,

    and one which he hoped the jury would bear m mind . The defendants were charged with a conspiracy on the 17 th of August . On thiB branch of the case , as he was more immediately connected with it than any t > ther t he thought he might very briefly deal with it . He Was charged individually with having excited the continuance of a strike then in existence . Facts were stubborn things , and thanks to the Attorney-General , —thanks to that ingennouraess which had ever marked Ms character through life , he had acquitted him ( Mr . O'Connor ) of every charge in the indictment . Up to the time of the strike , not only bad the Attorney-General acquitted him of any cognizance of , or participation in it , but he had gone further , and fee tad borne honourable

    testimony to the fact , that he had resisted it . But iet them see what tMs conspiracy was ; let them see how it had been carried on , let them see what the ¦ documents referred to by the Attorney-General iu Ms opening speech , were ; let them Bee what the nature of them was ? whether they were justifiable or not , and whether they were legal or not . They had the evidence « f the two principal witnesses for the Crown—men from whom the poor defeudan s would not consent io receive a character , because they would have felt themselves degraded and lowered in their own estimation , if they had done so , —it wa 3 -upon the evidence of these Siamese youths that this charge mainly depended . What had they got out of them ! Finding the state in

    wMch the country was , who ought to have been there to prove it ! Ought it to have been left to policemen , —to the garbled reports of men who were sent out as spies , to take notes of all that was connected with these transactions ! or should it be the men who were interested in the preservation of tbe peace ! Above all , where were the authorities ! Where was the Mayor of Manchester ! Where was Sir Thomas Potter ! Where was Mr . Maude Whtre was Colonel WeymBst Where was Sir Charles Shaw ! Where were all those who saw these transactions , and could have spoken to them ! Why , they were nowhere ! The crown could have produced them . Taey had failed to do bo . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had done so . The evidence wMoh

    ought to have been brought to substantiate the case , he had hroaght to answer the case . Now what was the charge ? The defendants were charged with a crime , which , if it were true , he should Slash to stand up and defend Mmself against . There was something so appalling to the feelings of every honourable man , in a charge of conspiracy , that the mind recoiled from it with horror . Conspiracy ! what was it 1 It was the Becret machinations of a bad man to destroy something belonging to a good man . It was the most abominable of all crimes . He never had been a conspirator , and be hoped to God he nerer should . But what had they proved by these " Siamese youths 1 They had proved that the meeting of delegates was called two mouths before the strike took place . They had proved from the witness

    Car tledge that it was an open meeting . They had proved that reporters were admitted : not reporting for the Northern Star alone , bat for other papers ; and they had proved that no interruption had been offered to the admission of any one . What did Cartledge say ! He admitted that the meeting of delegates was projected before tbe strike took place . IJotn he and Griffin admitted that the meeting was called to consider the reorganisation of the Chartist constitution . And they had a right to their constitution , if it was legal . He would not support it if it was illegal . Here , then , they had the character of the conspiracy . Here they had men who were known to differ , met to conspire . Here they had men differing among themselves met to conspire . Bat , then , they had combined . Yes , and

    " When bad man conspire , good men combine . " It waa true that the great political party with which he was connected , had combined . Combined I For what t For the furtherance of their ovra principles . —Not to conspire . It had been truly said by a vary high authority , that never did good men meet for a good purpose , without being thoroughly well acquainted with each other ; and never was an instance known of bad men conspiring ; together for a bad purposp , without being well known to each Other , and having entire confidence in each other . Here were men met for the purpose of healing their dissensions , and he had proved that a reporter who was dimissed from his service , and who had , in consequence , some pique against him , was allowed to be

    present at the meeting , at Ms especial request . Did tMs show conspiracy ! After the character of some of the evidence that had been adduced;—after the fact of the notes of policemen being preferred to their own recollections j after the fact that those noteshad been taken in running hand in a crowded meeting , —their elbows jogged;—after all tMs he did hope that something more substantial would have been offered on the part of the prosecution . He had hoped that if the notes of a policeman were better than the recollection of a policeman , that the notes of a reporter , taken before he [ had consented to give evidence , if they had been produced , might have been purged of much that was waged against the defendants . But the reporter had not been asked for those notes . Where were the y I In hia depoa *

    tions they were—here they were not . If the Attorney-General had been anxious to obtain the best evidence that the case would admit of , why were not these notes read ! If there was anytMng in them proving the crime of conspiracy , —if there was anything proving a charge against the conspirators , why had they not been produced 1 It was said that tbe speeches made at the meeting were to be suppressed . Bat the notes were not . snppressed , and therefore , not having been produced , he was justified in concluding that there was nothing in them wMch could make against the defendants . Why what was the fact ! A deputation from the trades had requested admittance to the Conference , in that character ; but in consequence of Ms opposition , their application was refused , though at tbe same time tiev were told that either they or | any other parties

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    Sr § $ i ! £ I * and form P ** «* " the audience . ^ « Aad they heard from Griffia ! He said that ^ obtained two eopies of the address adopted by the-delegates ^ one of wMoh he sent to the British Statesman . Why ^ id he not send jbis notes ta the Slat / man ? Here they had the conspiracy developed , so faras he was concerned . The , Attorney Generaj had B&W that he ( Mr . O ' Connor ) was op . ? £ E | ? L j he ' stw'fee . The Jury had only to deal W i"Ltef 1 ' * $ ** ? t 0 the 17 th w August . lbey _ nwst bB made perfectly aware of the manner in wni 0 , 5 » charge of conspiracy conld be got at . It would be their doty to lookat all the magic with whioh legal ingenuity had surrounded this charge of conBp : raoy . War . he had thoiishfc frnm * . Ka

    pioture which had been . drawn by the Attorneytreneral that he was one of an audience listening to some melodramatic iperformance . He looked for the propertiesy—he looked for the masks , —he looked for the dag gersHie . looked for the blue fire ,-he looked for the torches , the bayonet ? , and the pistols , by which , this conspiracy to upset the Government was to be earned lout . Horrible conspirators ! Why , i 6 wa % absolutely true that he had travelled by night , m a train , with three hundred other persons . He then went in a cab by himself , because nobody happened to be going his way —( laughter . ) He left at half-past five o'clock in the morning , because tbat ^ the timo ^ helttabBtartedUaughtei' . ) He lett his own houses-he got to the Euslon

    -square station , and as he passed under the tunnels , he thoqght he heard amidst tbe rambling of thewheels ythe ecHo iof the conspirators voice ringing in his ears- ( A laugh . ) He arrived at the scene where the conspiracy was first to be hatched . He . went to bed at six o ' clock in the morning , and he never awoke till three o ' clock in the afternoon . On going to Noblett ' S ; house , he so cottoealed himself m a cab that all the people came to see and flock round Mm —( Laughter . ) They knew from the appearance of the cab , and the smell of brimstone , that there was a very coaBpirator within it . The wheels knocked blue fire out of the stones , and in ; the midst of the glare might oe Been— " Peterioo—Hunt's Monumentstrike for wages—tumultuous

    meetings—riots—turnout the hands and carry the Charter by tumult and violence {"—( laughter ) . He passed down to the Sherwood Inn because he was sent for . Why ! to ascertain whether he would go > to a tea-party , which was to be held in one of the most public parts of Manchester . A crowd gathered round . He requested them to disperse in order that : it might not be said that he had done anything calculated to lead , to a breach of the peace . Thus they would see that his first appearance produced a erowd . What did he do ? He drove to the houae of Mr . Scholefield , one of the defendants , whom he had known for eight years . Why did he go there ! Because he had not heard that the meeting whioh was announced to be holden that very dayj had been

    put off , and when he reached the house , he found that Mr . Scholefield had completed the good work before him . He had not remained long , before Mr . Scholefield came from the printer ' s with a bill . He was now stripping this indictment of its technicalities . He was now showing them in what manner they were going to carry on a conspiracy . Mr . Soholefiold showed him the bill . He grasped his hand and said , 'thank God . " He told Mr . Soholefield that if he bad known ibis , he heed not have come at all . Bat after having been elected two months before for a specific purpose , be thought that if he had refused to attend , ( his motives might have been misconstrued , and , therefore , he was determined to appear , and throw his weight , such as it

    was , into the fcale , and to use the best means he was capable of employing , to turn this from a disastrous strike into a peaceful strike for the Charter . Well ; then he was seen no more till the 17 th of August . In the meantime circumstances had arisen which called for their'interference as a political party , bat they were not to be found guilty of that . if he had too much popularity , let them find him guilty of that . If the party to whieh he belonged , had no right to interfere , let them say so ; but let it be general , — that no other political party ia the state should interfere . Tbe conspirators met , and they remained in conclave for four houra , conspiring against the peace of the country . What did they do ! They

    passed an address , and they passed a resolution . What was the character of that resolution ? Why , it pledged the delegates that tbey should continue the struggle until the Charter became the law of the land . Struggle } said the Attorney-General . What did that mean ! Why , what did an election struggle mean ! What did any political struggle mean ? What did they mean by a struggle on any question in the House of Commons ! Did it mean that parties should catch each other by the throat and strangle each Other ! No . It meant that they were to unite and stand together . TMs all-important resolution , —this damning resolution , — 'this dark-lantern resolution , — what did it refer to ! To have the Charter , then I Not a word about it . What they meant was

    to continue the struggle for the Charter—not for the strike—until it became the law of the land . Bnt then , said the Attorney-General—" Tumults and riot are not legal . You have a right to contend , if you contend peaceably , but : p ot ° y tumultuous meetings . " There was no one in that Court more anxious to have a proper definition of the law on all matters connected with agitation , and with Hieetinga , and with politics of e-rery description , than he wan ' himself . Nor did he think he could produce to the Jury a higher authority than the Learned Attorney-General himself as to what constituted a tumultuous meeting . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) did not ask them to take the law from Mm . He had attended more public meetings than

    any man living , or than any man that ever lived before Mm , and he was never yet oharged with committing a single breach of the peace . On the contrary , ne had often prevented it . The Jury should hear what was the opinion of the Attorney-General as to what constituted a tumultuous meeting . In addressing the court at Newport , in an important oase , this was the opinion of the Attorney-General on that branch of the law . The Learned Gentleman said Gentlemen , the law cannot be altered by the conduct of those who are called upon to obey it ; and I make that admission to my Lords upon the bench , because , in the few remarks that I am about to make npon this part of the oase , 1 do not mean to sav that anv change of . the law has occurred by

    reason of the relaxed discipline of society that has prevailed for same time past . But 1 do mean to say this distinctly , that from what has actually taken place , from that which ; has been permitted , perhaps , Gentlemen , in some instances even sanctioned , a very different estimation is to be held of public meetings , ay , gentlemen , and even of armed meetings , from that which might have been formed some twenty or thirty years ago , and that the object and the intention of the parties may justly reoeive at the close of the year 1839 , a construction far more favourable than , perhaps , could fairly have been ooaceded in earlier periods of the history of this country , that you and 1 are familiar with : for 1 do not go back to very remote periods . "

    This was the opinion of the Attorney General * explicitly laid down as to what constituted a tumultuous meeting . Now , the Learned Attorney General was at that time engaged in a proceeding whioh he might well suppose would go through the length and breadth of the land , and as if to give time to public meeting ? and strengthen their character , the Learned Gentleman went through the details of a large public meeting of no fewer than 200 , 000 persons , in London , and then addressing the Jury in the oase to which he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had referred , he said , M Gen . tlemen , under the name of agitation , what has not been done almost in every town and in every corner of this kingdom ! And if we pass—and ,

    gentlemen , 1 shall do this lightly , because 1 do it reluctantly—if we pass for one moment , and take a glance at th » sister kingdom , there familiarly we hear talk of a petition from 51 ) 0 , 000 fighting men . Gentlemen , 1 say no more upon this point , but 1 call upon you to remember these transactions when you come to deliver your verdict on the guilt or the inuocencQ of tbo prisoner . And let it be understood that so far as permission , if not actual encouragement has been afforded to such proceedings , that it would be most unjust to use the aame measure that was formerly in use as to the motives of parties . It would not be justice to weigh in the same scales as were formerly need the trans * actions about which you are making inquiry to-day . "

    The Attorney-General told the Jury , at Monmouth , that the Reform Bill had altered the character of the constitution . They had heard of a petition from 500 , 000 men in the Sister Kingdom ; but they were not to look upon that as a tumultuous meeting . True , it was , that the penal code had been relaxed , bat the political code had been contemporaneously made more stringent . The Attorney-General charged the defendants with attempting to upset the constitution and to change the law , by tumultuous meetings . Let them see whether this did not come late and with a bad grace . Let them see if , independently of what they learnt from the acquittal of Wild , there was any- thing more lurking at the bottom of this trial . The Jury had ] received evidence there , but there were other sources from which they had received it '¦» well . They took the law from the legislature . Were they not bound in

    a transaction of this kind to defer with respect to SHuh high authority as the Lorda and Commons J Let them see what was the opinion entertained there as to the origin of the late occurrences . He would give them some of the best names , and the highest authority of this or any other country . He would give them the name of the most finished man , taking Mm all in ail , of \ which England could now boast . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) differed with him in polities , but a man with such a mechanical head , with such combination and power of mind , as Lord Brougham , there was not another . [ Mr . O'Connor here alluded to a recent speech of the Noble and Learned Lord , m which his Lordship expressed an earnest hope that the proceedings of the anti-Corn League might be elicited at the now pending trials . ] Some persons had sought to make Lord Brougham appear a madman . Would that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) were such an one . Now . let thorn see whether the

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    House of Lords and the House of Commons agreed inonethiog . Bat before he did that , and to show what misrepresentations . feaaed from the press , he would just say that he hail tbe unqualified contradiction of the Attorney-Gem > ral toja statement which had appeared in the ne wepap « ers , that he was coming down U > Lancaster to prosecute the leading offender . Tile Learned Gentleman assumed ) Mm that he had * never used those words at all , and that he had been grossly misrepresented . i [ Ihe Reporter teas obliged ! los&yi off his packet before the whole of his notes «>/ Mr . O'Connor ' s address wer 3 transcribed . Ti ^ Se remainder will appear in our next Edition ; , and will be inserted in our early Editions de ^ t week : so that each reader will have a full report of these important proceedings . ] . '¦

    EVIDENCE FOtt DEFENCE . Mr . William Soholefield , examined by Mr . Cobbett . —liana son of tbe defendant , j I reside with my father . Oh the 16 th of August last , Miv O'Connor came to my father ' s honee . Wa slept at our house that night . He was called up at half-past t wo in the afternoon .. We did not expect Mmi My fat . her went out of the house very early in the morning of that day . Hb went to eet some placards printed . It was very near six o ' clock , when hej returned . The placard now produced ia one announcing the postponement of a meeting . Mr . I&arnan was the printer . F was sent by my father to get the bilfs . 1 placed some on the wails . \ By Mr . 0 » Connor—I remember ] jour telling my

    father to go down to the tea party at the Carpenter ' s Hall , and make an apology for y $ nr not attending , inconsequence of the excited state of the town . 1 recollect there was a long conversation in the family as to whether it would be prudent for you to attend . It was ultimately agreed that my j father should go and make an apology . ; By the Attorney-General—I don't know how many persons were in- my fathers chapel on the night of the 16 th of August . Idid not go in . I know there were some there , bee&ose I heard them passing the surgery window . I went to bed at ten o ' clock . There was a light in the ] ohapel . I don ' t

    know any person who was in the ohapel , except Mr . O'Connor . 1 don ' t know who- furnished the candles , except it was my brother . He is not here . Mr . O'Connor went into the chapeli , jwhen my father went to the Carpenters' Hall , whieh would be a little after seven o ' clock . I can't say . how many persons passed the surgery window . Theso ' might be a dozen . When my father returned from . Carpenters' Hall , he came into the surgery to me . He was not in the ohapel during . that night .-. 1 did net seethe address of the Executive Committee before Thursday , the 18 th of August . I do not remember any person coming to tell my father that Turner , the printer , had been arrested . i

    John Northcott—I am servant to Mr . Kearnan , printer , of No . 5 j Georgleigh- 'treeti , Manchester . In the month of August last , 1 remember my master printing some bills for Mr . Soholefield , the defendant . I took some of them te h ' is house on the morning of the lftth . He did not at that time give orders for them to be posted , but he appeared extremely anxious to have them out as early as possible , 500 of the bills were printed , ' wMoh were sufficent to post the whole towo . j By the Attorney-General—My master printed the placard now produced—^ Rsn for ; Gold . " It was printed before that for Mr . Scholefield , 1 think on the Monday . 1 can ' t say who ordered them . By Mr . Cobbett—My master prints all sorts of placards . There may be half a dozen sorts printed in one week .

    John Brook—I am brother-in-law to Mr . Scholefield . I am a joiner . On tbe 16 th or 17 th of August I was at work at his premises . ] On the 17 th I frequently went into the surgery to receive instructions concerning the work . I was engaged in painting some gates . The ehapel is situate between the gates and the house . Mr . Soholefield came down to me several times daring tbe time . He came through the chapel , not out of the surgery , j By Mr . O'Connor—I remember | your coining to Mr . Soholefield , at half-past fire in j the morning of the 16 th . You waited till Mr . Scholefield came from the printers . I know a man named Griffin . I remember that Mr . Scholefield once gave him . a job out of charity . Griffin and I had repeated

    conversations about you . He said he had lost his situation as reporter , and that he would " walk iatO you . " He said he would be revenged upon you . 1 told him he could not . He replied that he could , and that I should be astonished when I knew how it was done . This was before you came to the houBe . John Cock 8 hott—I am a butcher j in Manchester . I was in Mr . Scbolefield ' s house on the If ch August , between ten and eleven in the morning . I went to get a bottle of medicine . I saw Mr . Soholefield . He was in the surgery . He had a few patients that he was giving bottles to . There were a : number- of poor people there who were begging tickets for soup . He gave them some . . j Henry Holland , examined by Mr . O'Connor-r-I

    reside at Burnley . I lam a block-cutter to calicoprinters . I keep a temperance coffoe bouse . I am a tee-totaller . Previous to the beginning of August last , the factories were working short time . There was great distress and excitement amoag all classes . In consequence of that there was stroag apprehension of danger . 1 remember many ; meetings being held about that time of an exciting character . 1 communicated with you about the latter end of July , as to the state of ithe district . 1 requested you to come down , and toiallay the angry feeling which existed . You came down . I attended the meetings yon addressed on that occasion at Barnley and Colne . They were very j numerously at * tended . That at Burnley was numerously attended by all classes in the town . The general tendency of your address at both meetings , in my hearing was calculated to allay the excitement , and 1 am happy

    to say that it did allay it . A mill was burnt before you came , and 1 believe a reward was offered for the perpetrator of the crime . You referred most emphatically to the transaction , and told the people that the surest way to impede the Charter , was to resort to aots of violence . 1 remember a meeting of shopkeepers being held at Blackburn , at which all the points of the Charter were adopted . I attended a meeting , at Burnley , and your temperate exposition of the Charter reconciled all classes . By the Attorney-General—The meeting at Barnley , was held in a tent erected for the purpose . There were from 15 , 000 to 20 , 000 persons present . To tbe best of my recollection it was jheld about the latter end of Jane . 1 was at a meeting held in the Town Hall , in Colne . It was densely crowded . I went there in consequence of my anxiety to allay the excitement which prevailed , and to hear Mr . O'Connor . Notice was given of the meeting . 1 was not a delegate . j

    Sir Thomas Potter , examined by Mr . O'Connorl am a magistrate residing at Bewley-hill , near Manchester . 1 remember the excitement which prevailed in Manchester , in August last . 1 conceive tbe general character of the strike , in the first instance , was for wages . 1 heard that a procession was to have taken place on the 16 : h of August last . 1 believe the reason why it was abandoned was , that the magistrates informed Mr . Scholefield , that it would not be allowed , and he said he would do everything in his power to prevent it . 1 consider that the deportment of the people , at the time , was peaceable . 1 heard ot the procession on the previous 16 th of August . 1 never remember | a more quiet

    16 th of August in Manchester than the last . About the time of the strike , two men came to me , and said that several manufacturers wtro paying lower wages than others , and they wished for an equalisation . They wished me to try to procure * a meeting between the men and their masters . A man named Bell made a report to the magistrates , at the Town Hall , that Mr . O'Connor had arrived , but we did not think it necessary to take any precaution in consequence . The impression upon my mind as to the disposition of the people was ; that it was peaceable . From my knowledge of Manchester , 1 think the condition of the people was | most deplorable , in consequence of the high price of provisions , and the low rate of wages .

    By the Attorney-General—I don't remember what number of special constables were sworn in in August , but I should think 400 or 6 "Q 0 . Tne first week we had SOO troops , and after that we had a considerable re-inforcement . We probably got 1 , 500 more . I attended at the Town Hall . The Magistrates attended there day and night , for fall four weeks . Tne commander of the district was at the York Hotel , which is close by . The special constables attended there , too , day and ) night , for at least a month . Oa Tuesday the 29 th of August I saw nothing particular . On Wednesday , there appearedjjto be a great deal of excitement . 1 once headed the troops to tbe railway , as we had heard there was an intention to destroy the line . 1 can ' t

    give the date , but I think it was sometime the following week . I think there ] was a general advice given to the millowners by the Magistrates not to resist the mob . Individually I was not afraid . Toe hands in the mills appeared to be quite ready to torn oat . There was no force required . I can't say why this advice was given . One young man came and asked if he could fire upon the mob , as he had a cannon , and could destroy a great many of them . We told him to do no such thing . Mr . George Royle Chappell examined by Mr . O'Connor . 1 am an alderman of Manchester , and have lived there more than fifty sears , i 1 remember

    my mill being stopped . There was not a vestige of damage done , nor a square of glass broken . The mob said they did not wish to damage property , and the hands appeared to be quite willing to turn-out as those who went to the mill , were i desirous they should turn out . 1 conceive myself , from what 1 saw io the course of the proceedings in whioh 1 was personally engaged that the people had struck for wages , and 1 must say that having been in every mob in Manchester , for the last fifty years , 1 never saw any mob behave themselves better , or more respectably than they did . There has been a reduction From the year 1836 , up to the present time of fifteen per cent , on the raw material ; but the reduotionin the price of manufactured goods in that time has been ft ) percent .

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    The depression of trade and the falling off in profits does not enable the manufacturers to give the fcame rate of wages ; but still 1 think the destitution which prevailed arose more from those who were unemployed being thrown upon those who were m employment , than from any absolute insufficiency in the rate of wages paid , supposing the means of employment to have been general , instead of , as was the fact , very partial . I am no member of the Anti-Corn Law League , nor have I subscribed a single sixpence to any political partywhatever . 1 went as a delegate to Sir Robert Feel , at the request of a number of my fellow townsmen , for the purpose of laying a statement of facts before Mm , and expressing our opinion .

    The Attorney General—1 must really object to tMs evidence . We are not here so disouss the existing distress , or the remedy which is to be found for it . The Judge—I think we can't hear statements of this-kind ; they are not evidence . Mr . O'Connor—Then I ask no further questions . James Kersbaw , Esq . —I am Mayor ef Mancheater . I was » magistrate in August last . I have resided in Manchester all my life . I have a great interest in the preservation of the peace . There ha » usually been a procession in Manchester on the 16 th of August , i remember the time about which the magistrates isstred a proclamation last year ^ I understood it was intended to have had a procession on the last , 16 th of August . The magistrates said

    it should not take place , and those engaged in getting it up complied with this wish . I am a calico printer . My works were stopped on Thursday , the 1 lth of August . There was no-damage done to the works . I believe the hands went but willingly . The last I&ih of August passed off mach more peaceably than wa had anticipated , and , as- compared with the previous days , much more- peaeeably . I think the greatest excitement prevailed oa the 9 ; h , 10 th , llthv and 12 th . The working classes were suffering great diBtresa . Speaking of them generally , I think their conduct was good . There were * some exceptions . Mr . O ' Connor here stated that Sir Ralph Pendlebury had been subpoened as a witness , but that he had sent a-certificate to say that ifl consequence of labouring under indisposition , ha could not attend .

    Mr . Isaac Cleak Pray examined &y Mr . O'Connor —la August last , I wash the registered proprietor of the Evening Star newspaper , published in London . I remember the suppression of public meetings in London , in the month of August last , about the 23 rd . Yon were Editor of the Evening Star . Yea would not receive any remuneration for your serviees—not a penny . You gave notice that all letters , whether private or not , addressed to you in London , should be opened in yoar absence . 1 have opened hundreds of letters marked **• private . " Your instructions as to what was-to appear in th& >> Even ~

    ing Star , were that we should- not admit anything in favour of the strike , or of aa exciting character . I always thought it was your desire to make th » country , as peaceable as-possible , and I thought yoa sincere . 1 know Griffin , the correspondent . I gave orders for the payment of his salary . 1 considered Griffin ' s matter so inflammatory , that sometimes I cat the whole of it oat , and sometimes a part , la fact 1 * thought he was aimiag to entrap me aa proprietor of the paper . £ remember reading a letter iroa < Grifnn , in which he asked you for money to take-Mm to America . !

    By . the Attorney-General—The Evening Star commenced at the latter end of July last year . 1 presume Mr . O'Connor lived in London or the neighbourhood . Mr .. O'Connor—1 wish your Lordship to ask the witness whether the Evening Star was not principally supported by the operatives , and circulated throughout Lancashire . Judge—Was that so ! Witness—It was . Mr . James Holliday , examined by Mr . O'Connor

    —1 ana a manufacturer residing at Oldham . 1 haveknown yoa einde 1835 . 1 have attended variousmeetings at which you have addressed the people . The general tendency of those addresses was not calculated ta lead to a breach of the peace . 1 have heard you complain that you had been much misrepresented , and that consequently much prejudice had been created in consequence , la the speeches which 1 have heard yoa make , 1 have thought that theywere distinguished by great zsal and energy , and considerable physical strength .

    By tee Attorney-General—1 have been accustomed to make speeches-myself , on various topics . Mr . Titus Brooke , of Dewsbury , examined by Mr . O'Connor . —I have known you as a publia man for ten years , and personally , for six or seven years . The neighbourhood of Dewsbury has frequently been ia an unsettled state- I have heard yoa address public meetings , and make exhortations to peace , when there was a disposition to be turbulent . That has been the fact on all occasions . I never heard you say one word which was calculated to lead to a breach of the peace . Among the working classes your character is generally admired as a lover of peace . Among the middle classes you-are not « o much admired ; but 1 think they are prejudiced . I think , taking the whole of the population , that they would accord to you the character I have given .

    John Far , examained by Mr . O'Connor—I am your steward in the county of Cork . 1 have lived in your family upwards of thirty years . I have Iked with your brother . He left me ten pound a-year , in consideration of my character . 1 have frequently seen yoa stand in the fields for awhole day with yoar labourers , J 30 in number , conversing with them . From all that 1 have known and seen of yoa , 1 can conscientiously state that yoa were always for peace . 1 remember the disturbances in the County ef Cork , and the violence offered to the Magistrates and the military . You induced the people to give ap their arms , and deposited them in the servants' hall . With respect to your tenantry , you have built stone houses , where formerly mud cabins existed , and yoa have given the ground rent free . Yon paid a higher rate of wages than any other landlord .

    Mr . O'Connor—My Lord . 1 am merely eliciting thiB to remove an insinuation which 1 thought the Attorney-General had thrown out , that I had employed the NorthernStar as a medium of agitation , for the purpose of pecuniary gain . The Attorney-General—1 beg la assure Mr . O'Connor that 1 imputed no Buob . motive . I wan far from insinuating any such thing . I would not have the Jury to imagine me capable of doing so . For if the testimony just now . given had not been elicited , the Jury could not fail to witness the creditable deportment of Mr . O'Connor in their presence . He had met Mr . O'Connor before . He had met him at Monmouth on a very important occasion ; ' and what he there saw would alone have prevented him from even entertaining any disposition

    to disparage Mr . O'Connor . Mr . John Ardill examined by Mr . O'Connor—I have been your olerk ever since the commencement of the Northern Star , 1 know that large sums have been paid by you to parties who were incarcerated for political offences and to their friends . 1 have frequently written to you to say that 1 could not honour your drafts they have been so numerous in this way . During the time that you were in York Castle , yon paid money to the Northern Star office . 1 believe that scarcely ever any party- applied to yoa for money , when 90 a did not ^ We them Borne , or authorise me to do bo . 1 have attended some ,

    meetings at wMch you have been present . 1 should say that your character is far from being an agitator for anything bat peace . 1 have beard you denounced many times by working men , for stopping the physical force movement , and 1 have seen letters to that effect , lknow you have paid a higher amount of wages than any other newspaper proprietor in Leeds . 1 have known men be absent from the office for a considerable time , in consequence of indisposition , and their wages were paid , just the same as if they had been at work . Mr . O'Connor—This , my Lord , 1 urge from no motive of vanity . The evidence is important to me in point of character .

    A person named Chamberlain , living at Manchester , was called to prove that he had placed a copy of the Address of the Executive Committee on a board s at the shop door of Mr . Leach , one of the defendants , without his permission . The defendant received an excellent character from a partiy who bad known him for many years . Mr . O'Connor here announced that this wa 3 the whole of the evidence wMoh it was intended to offer on the part of the defendants .

    Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. The First Volume Of This Yd»' Orateu Ia

    VOLTAIRE ' S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . The first Volume of this yd »' orateu ia

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    and S - THE NORTHERN TAR 5

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1843, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct641/page/5/