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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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HB . O'COHNELL IN DUHDALK . tozsdaxk , Thdbsdat Highx . —The meeting ol te ^ ay ^ isylw classed amongst the greatest that have Sjgi place Sim the ^ commencement of tie 'Bepeal ^^ Ponoitiie greater part of j ^ sterday the people J fiie town * nd- surnranding xejghftmrhood -were il glf engaged is making preparations ior O'Connell ' s S nL ! EbehDPBea'weredBCOTRtcd -gitb greea bongha , S trnmrphsl arches -were erected in . lira principal Jp Lja . It » Impossible , to form anything like an jgnrate esfimale of the iraaiber of persona present juj ^ rtende&along the road for seTeral miles . The ajjuocstration -was not confined to the people of loath j ^ e , tie procession iarajg been joined by people f-siiibeanast distant localities , accompanied by theii
jjj ^ s , Including CaanckHiacross , Kslls , and lOllar 55 J . As this splendid cortege ' passed-Xord Koden ' a -je , the cieen of the TastmnMtiide burst forth-willi J ^ ere T iguwnJ intonation . The meeting "Wa » held at Codetown , -where an exteosrre platform -was erected ^ r tiis accommodation of fiie gentlemen " who took put jntheproeeeding 8 . When tb ** 'Idberator" arrived ggproceedinga commenced ; and then -was then , on Qg most Tnodertae calculation , 300 , OD 0 persons aseem j ^ d to demand a Bepeal of the act of Union . jja-efcair was taken bj B . 2 > e Yemen , Esq ., ex-JJ » . jit "Wxkxb moTed the first resolution ,, declaring g ^ ir attachment to the Queen , and their readiness to jisfc life and property in defence of her throne -and person—^ cheers ) . ¦ Mr-daunt M'Asdxe seconded the resolution .
Messrs . Byrne , James Carroll , Ksirin , Dr . Mnrpby , Patrick Boylan , and Iiatrrecee Martin , moved and jeeonded resolutions . 3 tr OBsilly , formerly member for Dzmdalk , accompmibdbyhia brother , Counsellor OHeaflj , appeared on Be platform . 3 Ir . aiOLOJnr read the petition , and a resolution mi sored for its adoption . Jlr . "WT 55 S seconded the resolution , -which tns Bmed . 3 ir . O'Keiiit requested to see the petition . Mr . O'CossxU /^ Ii has been passed . } Sx . O'Reixx ? intimated that he had requested to seeitltefore the resolution Traspnt 3 Se Ch urmjus aaid he did not hear him . jit O Coxskli . also stated that he did not hear JjjJSi . Hi U'AixiSTEK moTed a Toteof confidence in Mr . O-QooneD .
lir . 3 akes M'Caks seconded the resolution , -which -311 put and carried -with aeelamation . 3 ke « UBKBiTOK " xamB forward to address the meet , jjsg and -wasreceiTed -with loud cheers . He said , it was silii becoming humility that he declared his eongratnlaSonssven to himself at that-glowing scene —( hear . ) Be c ongratulated them "with exultation on that day , ¦ vhen lie beheld so many determined Northerns snrxonnSinglum to the cause of their country— - { € 1166 X 8 } He -was greatly amused at reading tafl Times newspaper of Saturday last iEhe -writer for the Ximone wspaper had at length diKwrered that Ireland ins sot understood in England , and that she had been the most lastly iciEgoTerned country on the face of the earth There iras a disarray for the Saxon to make 1 Some
dree -weeks ago he announced that nothing was more perfect than the English domination here , and Buggeated to the Government , to send a mighty army to Ireland , and crash the spirit of Bepeal by downright force tbear , hear ) . That -was Ms ad-ricej and le ( Mr . Otbunen > met ttatad-vies at Mallow >? hen it arriTedj xnd iia declarations-wasardbnt in reply . He said the people of iWhnt ? -would not break the law—that they ¦ wonM-riolate no " statnte —( crieBof " Bever **)—thalthey ¦ would preserve the peace—Chat there -would sot be riot , or violence , or tumult amongst them—that they would bold the shield ; of the "Briti » h constitution between them and British aggression ; but he said then , jua he repeated it now—that if they attempted to ^ t + % » V -fhATTl j wafrm-M ^ tbat a ^ if *!^ iifiy ^ WOOl& JStSD ^ OH
BiBXOnstitJition and set them at defiance , —( cheers ) rVhy flifi he repeat that saw ? He -would tell them . IFJ » Svaanjf Mail of the preceding night had some ttaatof the same kind ; snd it-was-well to say a good Si n g twice , and to inform the « cemy -what h& had to etpu& . ! Cheers . ) They-would ueTerTiolate the constitanon 01 break the law , T > ut -woe to those -who attacked them . { Cheers . ) The Tzpjsj went on to say that his » odressea to the Irish people -consisted in general abuse d the &xon , and that that -was no argument . Why it-WMiomB argnment to abnse the Saxon if he deier ? ed Si—{ cneers-j It "was not because of his name—if he ¦ were tailed Turk it -would sound as -well in his ears m the Saxon . He had ao objection to the name , but to the thing . ( Hear , hear . ) But the Times spent three
years in abusing him . It found fault -with his parts of speech , snd said he iras not a good orator , but that ¦ w as so ample a crime in his eyes that he -was heartily obliged to Mm . ( iaoghtei . ) He said tiiat he ( Sir . O'ConneH ) did not put forward any strong topic is &TOUT of Bepeal ; bnt the meeiing « honld be ids jndgss vhethsr he did or not —[ cheezs and laughter ) . They ¦ went off at half-cock . They did not -want to hear his arguments , bnt perhaps they had read them in the newspapers —{ bear , hear ) . Be would announce them now , and he -wanted that they should be all apostles of his sect , sad spread them throughout the districts from -whence they came —( hear ) . He was sainted that day % y the men of 34 onagban , of Hemy , and of Belisst—iAToice—** Yes , ^ nd Meath and CaTen ") . He hid the men of the north before him ; and there he -was
to argue -with the -writer in the Times , and every tfther man , -whoerer he might be , that -was against 5 Le Sepeal of tbs Union , sod giTiDg Ireland vo the Irish—jcheersv He had three provinces -with him , and Ui £ greater part of the fourth province Tiiih him , and . be defied aD the WflEngtoza that ever gained battles , son all the Peels that ever exerdBed dexterity , to prerent him from hxring ths Bepeal—( great cheering } . Ihey must hare it if they did two things . If they conducted themselves in the way their leaders told iism—5 > eac&ib 3 v , sad Tri&iin the law , sni becamfc member ! of the Sepeal Association—fbear ) . He ome me » to recruit for th . B Bepeal Association , and he -wanted > hpm all as recmits —( laughter } . Let every msD thai -would enlist / with him hold op his hand .
{ Every man in the dense multilade raiaed his hand ) nhere -was not a General in Europe -who -would not be delighted at getting such a hatch of recruits—( fcaxr , hear , and cheers ) . He -wanted to have no angiansry fight—he - wanted to have jio battle , 01 Mood , or destruction , or any -violation of the law—he ' ¦ anted to have no riot 01 violence ; and if they took his advice he -would keep them safe ; but he -would not the less certainly carry the Bspe&l of the Union—( cheer s ); snd the moment he had three millions of Bepealers he -would take lib next step to carry the Bepal—tcheers ) . They -were all Northerns that he ad"flresse ^; and let there be no foolish contests between them and the Orangemen —( hear ) . If thB Orangemen £ * xae io petition against the Bepeal , they had as
£ DDd S . bright to do ao as tie SepeaJers had to pettiaD to it ; and they should not disturb them or say a single unpleasant -word to them . They shauld not hoot or bis * them ; bnt , above all , they should not dare to itnTnck them . "His -nvBTiTn -was , that the man - who committed a crime gives strength to the enemy , and the Srafli of that maxim was demonstrated by the proceedings at Gadand—ihear ) . He might be asked vhy he fid not so further 2 forth ; and he had been told , and bslfelieTed it , U » t if he -Went further Kerth he -would fet physical . force in the people to protect their meetings from . any attempt that their pnep » f * might make against it—{ cries of " you-would ") . But it -would be taosidered by the Orangemen as an insult ; and hB never " would go to the Iforth nnUl he found that no man ytmtil consider his advent there as an insult or an injury—ibe&T ) . He -would not do aaylhiiig that -would cthi have the appearance of insulting them . He
' ished not for a triumph that -was bought at the ex-Jenseof any other class . As long as they -were their i * s he -would "treat them -with respect , but he -wanted aofoesin Ireland . He-wanted them all to be friends , * ad is masted to procure the "bieasmg * of peace for Inland— ihfc 9 Z , heay , nnA lend « b % « x 5 ) . Tbere -eras not » Prtsbyterian in the north that did not feel as much i » he did the -wei ght of the established chorcii ; there * ss Bot a Protestant in the north , of the pooier class , fiat ^ didn-tfeel the -want of -wages and of fixity of tenure ; and liis otject -was to do them good , and sot to fio ^ hf em evfl—( beat ) . He -wanted to hsve all Irish-* Ms * for Ireland as ^ well as Ireland for all Irishmen- — ttpeasj . He had gained one srep in the progress of 2 nsa liberty ; bat there remiineA another greater and far more glorious . struggle 1 they had not their country —the S axon and tiie stranger ruled over Ireland . Their ttragsle ihsniabe to j ^ ve Ireland to ^ ie Irish , and the Iriah to Irebcnd—iiond cheeisi .
• ilr . O'liKIULT than pmceed&i to address tfeo meeting . Heaii he had been called a traitor , anfl he -was **> t there to blame any TnaTi . He -wonld name nobody ; * a irished to . forget : « very eSence that had been offered " tohuBi buthe there , in the face of thB country and « eproTlnee , and the man srho littered those words , Ba » ted "thathe -was ready to lay down his life if there ¦*«« Q e-wora of imaj-in the charge . He -was not crane thae to bow dissension amongsi his conntrymen , » to 4 > rce his opinions on the humblest amongst them ; ^ thehoped , and trusted , and believed thai he conld Sjetb * lieto those -who calumniated them , and -who Aid their assemblages -were not free . He was there tofieslaie ihat no man of any same , of any creed , of » ay country , should go before him in his anxiety to ^ nfliea te the freedom and independence of his native lind- ( hear , hear } . The Saxon ruled their land for * thunarea . ye » r * , - "Wh&t Tra » the reveng * he -wonld
^ sconimend ioihem 7 Tomle the Saxon for Uib next six famored years— - ( kaghter ) . How -were they to rale him ? % proving themselves better men . He sent his son—the t ® J 7 nule chad 3 » e had 5 n theTForld—1 & the land of * he xsanger to be educated amongst thejstranger ' a chil-^ hl " rVhy -was ib—thathe might forget his country ? ^ S-ven f orbM ! He sent him , as the Creeks and ^ "Jans sent their children to the land of the strasgez . * > fcarn the science and kno"wieage « f tbe « raiiseT ; * sd trhen be grew up to manhood he Tronlfi be able to ^^ t the stranger for his country . ( Hear , hear , and ***«* . ) Such -was the object of his ambition- He ^ oalu gire to them ail the right to enjoy , and all the ?* Ssfettion they oHght to -wish for , that wss , to prove ^ SS 3 a * l * es alte to KOTem the Etranger as the strasger | ° » tTDtrd than . "Would tfety be satisfied -wiai Irciara r ^ jtaiisclre * He was not ysH ^ fltti •» && Irtland f < i T » ; be -would n-5 t br saiitfi = d -sri& a pototoe jrzr Csaj wii ^ n he wanted a -Kh < A = * # lat « . Were d-j ! lri ? i
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men to be found in America and every quarter of the of the world ; in every manufacturing town in England 7 were they not to be found in China , in India , and were not their priests there along with them preaching the gospel to the-world at large ; sad did they wish to bring home all those men , and to bring home those priests from doing the -work of God all over theirorld ? ( Crie of " question" 3 J f - AToiee— "What about Bepeal ? { Heat , hear . ) Are Jon a Bepealer ? " I Mr . i > "REixi-T resumed—33 ie oaly difference between tim an ^ them "was Vifli respect to Iheroaa by trhlcb they -would anrlTe at the same object . They professed ]
and , therefore he believed them , that they had nothing but title happiness and interests and glory of Ireland at heart He did not yield to them in the same desire , ' bat hs told them the road that was recommended to them -would never bring them thsre in peace—( cries of "It -will , and "we -will go on no other" . ) Ten years had passed over their heads since the promise was made to them that they should see the Parliament in College-Green in Six months . ( Lxnghttr . ) Let them be assured that by the paths of peace and friendship , and by the paths that 'were recommended to them to take , they -would achieve 9 much more glorious triumph than by bringing back a little petty Parliament . ( Groans . ' ) .
Mr . Berk abb Pokb—He deceived the people of Dandalk before , and he -wants now to mislead them . { Cheers . } ' . Captain Seater next addressed the meeting , and recommended them to pursue the course laid down for their adoption by their illustrious Liberator . " He trusted ihat -while they continued their peaceful agitation they -would be obedient to the laws , and dntiful to their allegiance to their Sovereign . He assured them : Out neither he nor the Repealers of Ulster should for * get the conduct of the men of Louth on that day—\ { cheers . ) Mr . M'AT . T . KTSa observed that Mr . OjBeiny ha 4 been sent to Parliament by the people of Dnndalk ; and they knew that only one small -week expired -when he repudiated the principles on which they sent him there , and had not kept the faith they implicitly placed in him—( hear ) . ;
M . Wynne was then called to the chair , a vote of thanks was passed to the former chairman , and the immense multitude separated in the most peaceful and Orderly rmtnnyy- ;
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PUBLIC DINKER TO THE " LIBEBATOB" IN GALWAY . The great pnblic banquet to Mr . OConnell took place on Monday evening , at the magnificent and extensive pavilion erected for the purpose in Eyre-square . The Bight Hon . lord Pfrench acted as president . On the right of his Lordship sat the distinguished guest of the evening , Daniel O'Coanell , Esq . Mr . Edword Burke read several letters of apology . Hz . Michael Wikteb came forward , and was received-with loud applause , Be lead an eloquent and most nattering address from the trades of Galway to the " Liberator" on the occasion of his visit amongst them .
Mr .. O ~ CosNELl said he thanked the trades of Gal--way very much for that most fluttering mark of their esteem ; but as it would be his duty to address the assembly again at some length , he -would reserve the expression of Mb gratitude to the trades until then , as be could not think of trespassing a second time on the company . The Chaibman , after the nsnal loyal toasts , saii he ¦ would give them •* O'Connell for ever , with all the honours . ™ The toast was drank with the most deafening and rapturous applause—the entire company , ladies as well as gentlemen , continuing to wave then-handkerchiefs with the greatest enthusiasm for several minutes .
Mr . O'CojiKBLL rose , and when silence had been restored , proceeded as follows : —1 should be the most mistaken , and , indeed , I believe the most stupid of mankind , if I could for ose instant imagine that I wu to return the ordinary discourse of thintfo ^ w lor the kindness and the honour which you have shown ma . I have no notion of it at & 1 L We are sot here for the ordinary after-dinner speeching . We are not here even to pay a tribute of respect to all that iB lovely and smiling upon us . { Cheers . } We are met here for other purposes . We are forming the history of Ireland in this spot . { Hear , hear , hear . ) I stated that as long as one shred of the constitution remained we would stand on it on the defensive—that we would assail no adversarj—that we -wonld violate no law—that we weuld
not be guilty of any bloody attack , but that woe be to those who dared to attack us . { Loud cheers . ) I was cheered then by men as brave and as determined as yon are , and there conld not be men more brave , and I believe more determined ; and what has been the result ? The tone has been mitigated . The threat has bean softened . The declaration of war has shrunk into the puny pipe of little -vulgar abuse . They trerethen going to cot oar throats . They are now sathfied with calumniating us . All is mildness and mitigated hostility . Within the short space of a fortnight the conviction came ojet their minds that they may abase as with safety , but that it would not bs prudent to attack w > Within thatshort space I have been watching with an eye of eagerness every evolution of our enemies ,, and I
proclaim to you now perpetual peace , and a straggle merely in political strife ; , bloodless , stainless , crimeless on our part , and leaving the enemy only the paltry resource of useless unavailing resistance . Yes , I am cozte now to tell yon that we are able to work oat oar object , despite any resistance they can or will make against us . So little do 1 think formidable in their means of assailing ns , that I sent my little grandson -who is beside me on board the Cyclops to-day to take her for me , What is there of argument against us ? We have challenged debate ; we have looked for discussion . We have argued the question in our corporations . We put forward our ease ; and I say it triumphantly—not far any silly vanity , or of any praise to my own no-talents , bnt in the simplicity of truth—m
have been triumphant in our arguments and unrelated in any grounds on wnich the question of Bepeal could be considered —( hear , hear } . The effect of that is magical ; nobody dares to deny that the Union was not a compart to which the people of Ireland had been a party . Nobody could dare to say that the Irish Parliament had a right or authority to vote away the liberty of the Irish , people for ever , and to transfer the legisla ture of Ireland to asy foreign country—( hear , hear ) . Such is-a practical exposition of the atrocious manner in which the Union had been carried , and of the real existence still of the Irish national constitution . You may , perhaps , say , it is in the grave ; bnt if it be it only sleeps in that grave . It is slumbering , but not -dead—( hear , hear , hear , and cheers ) . In both
points the -victory u ours . We have a right to our Parliament , and nothing but fraud and villany deprived na of its practical nse—( bear , bear } . So far we are unanswered . In our corporation debates no -man replied to us . They talked , to be sore , but they did not argue . There was plenty of declamation but there was axotal absence of logic—thear , hear ) . There met the other day in Dublin an anti-Repeal party , and I looked with the ntmosl anxiety for something to answer . 1 remember when at the bar that a brother barrister , -who was considered to have rather a vacuity ins > de his wig , was once cross-examining a witness without being able to get anything ont of him . At length he said , " Fellow , say something that I can take hold of '—( la-oghterj . I was exceedingly anxious
to try if they had nsed any argument acainst the Repeal , and 1 carefully read the proceedings for that purpose ; -wheD , lo and behold I I found that my hours had been miserably misspent , as I found nothing in the entire at all like an argument The Irish reform bill was an injury , agrravated by an insult . - Why should any statesman , then , dare tell sucb a nation as Ireland that so mean and paltry , so unjust and insulting a measure was a concession . Lord Stanley the maniac—for he is actually mad , and it is kind for him—{ laughter }—declared that everything that had been done was the best that conld be dose for Ireland . It . is s proverb as oW as the £ 6 ige of Troy , that those who are doomed to destruction commence their fate by the destruction of their understanding ; and so it appeared to be with Lord
Stanley . He admitted that every thing in Ireland was perfect , except , indeed , that he knew the majority of the Irish people were not favourably disposed towards the . present ministry—( hear , and laughter ) . He remembered hearing Lord Stanley say that the people of Ireland should be made to fear the Government before they conld be got to love it ; bnt bis answer -was thai the Irish people would never fear and would never love them , bnt that they were quite ready to hate and despise them . But -what is the present position of England ? The Homing Chronicle tells ns that she is really but a secondary power at present , aa the state of Ireland has placed her in such a position that she is prevented from having her natural strength . ( Cheers . ) How exceedingly sorry lam at the
intelligence . i"Langbter ) But weak she win remain and must contiiine until she does justice to Ireland . I am not bow looking for instalments but for a whole , 1 remind England that as long as she leaves freedom ef conscience shackled , until the Protestant church is supported by its own adherents—while tho franchise of Ireland is limited as at present , as to approach almost to total perishing—while the few voters that yet remain are exposed to the tyranny of their landlords—-while Ireland is inenmbered with a debt for which abe ought not be liable , and which , with the blessing of heaven , she will never pay , Ireland cannot be aaid to be treated with equality . By Repealing the Union those remedies will be redressed , and tea , ngar , and tobacco , and other necessaries that the poor are beginning to Kse , -would be got for one-fonrth the cost they axe at present . I tell England that Ireland will not
be content-while her absentee landlord ' s drain of nine millions a-year continues , or while her landlords have ' sneb an absolute authority over tbeir tenants that the landlord and the executioner may be reckoned in th * same category . I have in my pocket a silly dictatorial , letter from Irfjrd Clements , exceeding in blockfceadisin ; even its impHrtinsKce . He tells Ms tenant * noi to iaia tfriTrtr for themselves on a political qnesti&h ; to that if : one of them thinks the Bopeal of the Union useful toj hiB country he may be certain of knowing what awaits him—expulsion ( cries of St . George of Headford / followed by loud groans . ) I do not know the details of tnia conduct , bnt if yon -who have a better right to know i'm iban 1 h * ve , think that serenade suited tolas virtues , I mast Mibmit to listen to it—tlinphttr . ) Well . 3 te ! l En ^ lisd i '^ i c r > . » ve th . « clai ms upon . her , but 1 voll il * r > it t-i . c * , -,, b fanfc < . r and wll her that
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the atrocity of her rewarded and cherished public press —that the atrocious calumnies and ferocity of the Timet , which tailed the Irish people " a filthy and felonious rabble , " iand that called their anointed clergy surpllced ruffians , and a demoniacal priesthood , and by such means incited that spirit of bigotry which , in union with intimldatlen and the most enormous bribery - , was made use of to place the' Queen in the hands of a Tery administration ; I tell her that the fact of there being any connection between the government and its supporters and such a press , makes our hearts B-well-within us and burn with indignation . While I state these things to England , I tell her statesmen to examine distinctly what course should be taken . I am not here to compromise the BtjpeaL I will not do
so ; for I am resolved to stand for the rest of my life on Bepeal , until I stand in an Irish Parliament in College-green —( loud cheers ) . I care not for ^ big or Tory . The Morning Chronicle is , ; forsooth , endeavouring to persuade us to work for the restoration of the Whigs iut I care not whether Whigs or Tories are in power ; all our exertions shall be devoted to the restoration of the Irish Parliament . As soon as I have three millions of enrolled Repealers I shall take my next step —( cries of " You shall have them , " and hear , hear ) . If America should insist on getting the Oregon terrixitory—if Russia should menace the East—or if Syria be handed over to Mehetnet Ali , in contempt of England—if any of these events occur , then hurra for the Bepeal . '—( loud cheers ) .- But suppose the book ef
history were to be closed ; asd that the nations of Europe that bad long hated England Bhould begin now to fall is lore with her , and neglect to take any paltry advantage of England that the present state of Ireland would give them over her—suppose Lord Clancarty to be right , and that the English Parliament would not concede Bepeal , I would still meet him foot to foot , and tell him we can do it for ourselves , legally and ooastitu * tionally . Blessed be heaven 1 it is in the prerogative of the Sovereign to call the Irish Parliament together again , without the necessity of any Act of Parliament It is a constitutional principle that the prerogative ot the Crown cannot be affected by an Act of Parliament , unless the fact of . the withdrawal of the prerogative be
specially mentioned in the Act , which is not the case in the Act of Union . I think already that I see the way covered with flowers , and the Lord-Lieutenant going In state to open the Irish Parliament . I see you . my Lord , proceeding to take your rightful seat in the Irish House of Lords—I hear the ,-voice of the clerk summoning the House of Commons to proceed with the election of a Speaker . O ! is it not : worth white to be alive at a period of such glorious excitement ? I am a lover of nature and an enthusiastic admirer of the romantic and majestic scenery of my native country ; but what is there in dull and unanimated nature to equal the mighty bursting of the heart , the bounding of tUe spirit , the expanding of the soul , at the scene I have been describing : —
" Look then through nature , through the range Of planets , suns and admantine spheres Wheeling unshaken through the void immense , And speak , oh ! man , can thy capacious soul With half that killing mnjesty dilate Thy strong conception , as when Brutu ? rose Refulgent from the stroke of Csemr ' s fate Amidst the crowd of patri ts , and his arm Aloft extending , like immortal Jove When guilt brings down the thunder , Called on Tuliy ' s name and bade the father of his country hail ?" Here ( said Mr . O'Connell ) I paraphrase—For lo ! the Union ' s prostrate in the dust . And Ireland again is free . I Tremendous cheers which continued for several minute * , during the course of which the Hon . and Learned gentleman sat down ) . ' .
Mr . O'Connell again rose when the cheering had subsided , and said that he had a most pleasing duty to perform . It was quite clear that he was perfectly justified in sparing the infliction of anything like a speech upon the assembly on that occasion , lor the toast he had to propose was one that recommended itself to them without the aid of any suggestions of hia . He would give them the health of the first peer that joined the Bepeal cause— -the upright , the pure—the friend of Ireland and of her liberties—the devotedly attached lover of Irish freedom and independence . He would give them health and long life to their noble chairman , Lord Ffrench . ( Drank with continued applause . ) The Noble Chairman returned thanks in warm terms for the Tery nattering manner in which bis same had been proposed and received , and then proposed the nest toast namely ,
" Ireland for the Irish , and the Insh for Ireland . " Mr . CeSTELLO being loudly called upon , returned thanks in eloquent terms . ' The Chairman sail be felt it impossible to express the subject ef hia next toast butter than by giving the health of the distinguished prelate that he was about to propose , under the characteristic designation applied with such truth by the ' Liberator . " Hs would give them , with the most profound esteem and veneration . " His Grace the Archbishop of Tuarn , the' Lion of the fold of Judah . '" The tout was drank with the' most lively and unbounded expressions of enthusiasm , the entire company standing and -waving their handkerchiefs for several momenta .
His Grace the Archbishop replied in a suitable speech . A number of other toasts were given wbicb were eloquently responded to , and the meeting adjourned .
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V ™ h « ° Y « nment ; and without which you cannot ever hope to befindivldually or nationally independent . Now , as , 0 * all know that if you remoTe ^ the caose the effeot ^ will cease , and that « o long as the C . ^ S ^ ' ^ wiU oontl * ' itlfoUowa that unless the condition of Universal Suffrage be annexed to the Repeal it * Ould , instead of s blessing , be a manifest evil ; for „ birds aad beasts of prey ate more ravenous after a long fast , so would the Whig and Tory vttltares of Ireland be more voracious after having 80 long "keptbteokLent , " and more rapacious thau ever to make up for ; loss of time ; and thus the people , aftercontendmg for ; and winning the priiw . would , by not having any restraining power , fee compelled to yield up the froltajof all their agitation , and witness the fact of their country becoming agate < the scene of who esale political j jobbine s and subsetiuentW their
FMivMneat crowded with adventurers in short , be ! V *! r . 5 : ? 6 * i a * om 8 tate tnan wheh lt con . tainedthe traitors who aold their and your " birthright' for a miseraDle «< me 8 s of pottage , " or what is more debMing , English gold , Tbia would be only a shadow of the evdsfwhich a mere Bepeal : would create amongst you , and for which there U no eaithly political remedy save Universal tsunVage . " Bj t ^ S ° of ^ Iea 8 &lli « g you will be able to seo that tha cryf of " Ireland for the IriBh" ia merely a - clap-trap" to catch the unwary and inviBciWy fgnorant ; 1 for it cannot be supposed that Y " hfewmses can be so blind as hot to see that whilst biB tongue Is tied he eannot be otherwise than dumb , no nrrtter what he may think or feel the
upon occasion . With as much success might a man hope to arrest the falling iaVatanche ( supposing he had the strength ) whilst his hattda were pinioned , although his eyes could see , and hia senses feel alarmed at the impending daDger . j And thus it would be with those who heedlessly cry . " Ireland for the Iri 8 h . " Their tongues would be tied and hands pinioned , although their senses told [ them they were being robbed , and they wonld feel the evidence of : persecution resulting from the infliction of injustice . This can be rendered even more plain by the remembrance that want of political power in the people waa the sole cause of a transfer of your native parliament to England ; for had there been a House of Vommoua over whom the people had had a ! controling influence , such transfer
could not have possibly taken place ; and without a oontroling power on tbe partof the people , the Repeal wonld be as likely to be an evil as the then parliament was . If you had had ( as yon should have bad ) a Voiee in electing yonr representatives , you would not as a nation have had to submit to the shameful traffic which the representatives of only a class made of your interests , nor would the Government haVe tempered with your representatives had they been elected by the general voice instead of at best an interested fraction of the people . But we will view the case ( in another Light Snppoae for Instance the "Irish Arms Bill , " about which there has been so much discussion and hypocritical whiniDg amongst the Whigs . This bill is brought into the House : and let me "ask , where is the power yen have
to oppose its progress ? it is evident that talking is of no use . If patties opposite would succeed in preventing its passing into law ; there must be something more than the inconsistent speechifying about "Tory coercion '—there must be political power In the House to protect you with effect ; and that power must emanate from without the House . Now as you have net tha power out of the House , it follows you cannot have it in the House ; and thus the measure , whether yon like it or not , is most likely , and may have been ere this forced upon you , although the previous acts of Government , of the majority who coerce you , may have given rise to the necessity , which question , for such a measure . But had you a fall and fair representation , this could not possibly occur : far the people being the majority without the House , would also have a majority within the
Bouse ; and thus the evil cause of coercion would never exist . If by / any chance it should , the majority of the people in the House would adopt remedial mexmnes instead of coercive restrictions . It Ib follyit is little short of sheer madness to cry " Ireland for the ItAbq , " without this aH Important condition Teeing annexed ; and I have no hesitation in stating that without this condition accompanies Bepeal , you will only be the worse off for yoar pains . It is now verjj evident that bo tax as we can see the designs of your leader , that the condition of a full , fair , and free representation of the people has , in fact , ' no place in his ideas or intentions . I could wish I bad jreason to give him credit for consistency of principle ; for spite of bis many political sins , I admire the jbold front he assumes , a lthough I have reasons sufficiently strong to question hia sincerity . !
Mt . O'Cennell assuredly knows that Universal Suffrage is the only guarantee for good government ; he only knows that without it a people are liable to bs oppressed by their rulers ; and , in fact , his former advocacy of such a measure is tantamount to his belief that It 1 b iDdiBpensible . f Here then we have him at the head of your great movement , proclaiming that yonr wrongs are grievous ; that they shall be redr ^ wed ; and that " Irishmen shall haTe Ireland , and Ireland Irishmen ;" bnt , losing sight of . ior blinking the question , which of all others is most important to yonr success , and without which all yonr energies will end like the inscription over a certain ale-house in Ireland , where a group of persons are represented surrounding a tub of water with a black man seated in the middle of it , whilst they are belabouring him with brushes and soap to the tune
of" Kabb [ ii | r and scrubbing Tram morn till night , OcQorie Machree I will you ever be white »" And then follows the moral—Labeur in vain t Does not Mr . O'Connell kuow that he never can wash away the filth of class-made laws , or purify the deep-stained pall which wraps in funeral gloom tbe prostrate form of the once beauteous Erin ; dues he not know that neither the " soap" nor the " brushes " of " Ireland for the Irish , " or " irishmen for Ireland , " will never brighten tho opaque moss of political corruption , whilst like the " black maD . " a cause exists , which be cannot , orlrather will not touch ?
As sure as it ia a natural caose tb&fr a black man is black , so is it as certain that the cause of Ireland ' s wretchtdness is a wa | nt of full representative or political power . And as this is a remedy within his reach , and neither be nor you will make use of it , so certain will the Irish people reap the fruits of bitter disappointment , even should they acquire a Repeal of the Union to-morrow ! I ¦; ' . Men of Ireland , be not deceived ! Ton cannot otherwise obtain justice for yourselves or country . Experience must , if you reflect , convince you that you have ever been forgotten ; iu the general scramble for plunder of your rights ; and the misappropriation of the fruits of your industry , earned by the sweat of your brows . '
Remember , although heaven doomed you to a life ef toll ; tbat it has said , " tbe labourer is worthy of hia hire ' , " and although yonr brows are covered with sweat , and furrowed with euros , that even still you bear the image of " the living God ; " and that " he who oppresses tbe poor" is not only your enemy , but His who created you . Remember the first greut principle of nature "that all men are equal "; and the first great fundamental precept of Christianity '' that all men should be as brethren , ' : Therefore when you re quire to be justly dealt by , demand what you ask peaceably ; but in the dignity of your nature , in the ; spirit of just authority , demand what you believe to be your right . Toll the tyrant who would Bet his foot upon you , that man first gave power to man , but only for his good , and as a servant to his fellows ; and that having broken his faith and violated bis
engagements , yon ure determined no longer to submit to his assumed and ill-acquired authority . You may tell them tbat " Ireland was made for Irishmen , " and tbat " Irishmen will have Ireland "; bat remember yon must be consistent ; ' you must be unanimous and persevering . ThenjOnly ! will you conquer the , giant power of your oppressors— -then only will you have achieved a redemption wbicb ! will confer substantial and Instlug blessings upon yourselves and country—then will the golden dreamB of many a homelees lover of bis birthplace be realized—then will the tears ba chased from the eyes of tbe disconsolate widow and starving orphan whom tyranny have driven desolate , —and then will be time when Erin . like the PI ceaix , will arise "from her ashes , ' and in the majesty of her beauty present herself to an admiring world , who , in the words of the poet , will say that she is indeed
• " Great , glorious , and free , : First flower of tbe earth , first gem of the sea . " Let me once more impress upon you the necessity of demanding UNIVERSAL SUFFRAOE . It is your only hope . Inscribe ; it on your banners—let it take root in your hearts—cherish is as a last resource to resuscitate your fallen glory ; and when the day of Repeal arrives , place them like twin sisters , hand in hand , or like two blesaed spirits of peaco and happiness come down to dwell amongst you to heal the sorrows of the past and gladden yonr hearts | for the future . I am . niy fellow countrymen . Tour devoted and obedient servant , ; W . H . CllPTON .
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The Voice op Wahjung . —On the morning after the ever memorable 18 ih of May , a decent looking female oHhb humbler ranks of life accosted , on the streets of Edinburgh , onoof our" Westland" ministers , when the following ; colloquy ensued ¦ : —Woman : * O , sir Tareye ane o ' our ministers that cam out yesterday V Minister : " Yes . Iiam . " Woman : " G , God bless you . How are all your brethren this morning !" Minister : " Very well , so far -as . I-know , and very happy . " Woman ] : "I ' m extraordinar' Rlad to hear it— -lang may ' ihey be sae . Do you thhik , sir , that if I were to-gbk p to Lunnun I could get a word o' the Queen ! She k > committing a great sin , and I dinna ttaisk she kens what she ' s doing . " ' Minister :
** I fear you would find it very difficult to get admission to her M » j < 5 § tJy , " Woman : "Dff you think , then , that I comd get in to speak to the Commissioner i Maybe be wonld tell the Queen my message . " Minister : f * 1 think it quite possible that you might be admitted to speak to his Grace the Commissioner . " Woman : " Then I would like to speak to him on th ^ subj .-ot ; and 1 widh much tbaf he would tell thp Queeu ; for she disnaktm what she ' s doing . She ' s tryi- ufc to tak the crown atf Chnst ' d htJid . Sbe ' j ) nuvex daiia ^ e that ; but she ha * need to tak cave ilitt they diuua tak tiie crowii off her juh hiiid . "—Scotli&h Guardian .
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY . THE CHARTIST MOVEMENT . —THE GRADUATED SCALE . ' TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Fellow Labourers in the cause of Human Redemption From exactions and oppressions of Trade Ttrants . Religious Tyrants , Legislative TYRANTS . AND PROM TYRANTS OF EVERT Class and Caste , ^ —It behoves ns as men of sincerity , not to occupy' the whole of our time about any one of these evils separately ; bat at once to grapple with the wfeole , lest our order should sink under tbe united weight of all these tyrannies , or be driven into sanguinary conflict with the combined army of oppression ; for in that case , where , when , and how the battle will enis beyond-our human foresight to divine .
The necessity of a National Benefit Society , to relieve in Borne decree the wide spread destitution which this many headed oppressor bath produced , and is daily increasing , has not been disputed ; and I shall therefore hold it is indisputable , and established . Indeed Oldham and Bradford bare anticipated it , and started a society for the purchase of land , at such low subscriptions that the poor can afford . How long will the other localities , towns , and cities allow these places to be in . advance of them ? Some other localities have commenced the consideration of the subject ; and then is hope tbnt all will speedily follow in tbe onward track . Oldham hath furnished an instance of the good that can be done by a benefit society Testing its funds on the land , as set forth in the Star some
months since . The Socialists have set us an example in that respect . Let not these examples be lost upon us . O Connor has set ; forth , the immense advantages Within our . reach by applying our pence and minds a little to tbe land . Let not his advice be wasted on us . Mr . Hill bath promised to publish a plan for the achievement of the three-fold object , of helping the needy , purchasing the land , and gaining the Charter , by safe arid easy means , entirely under the protection of the la-w . Let ns anxiously seek its appearance . The Graduated Scale—Brothers , I have in my former letters spoken of a graduated ecaie as 1 ecessary to the present depressed and varied eircumstances of the Chartists and tbe telling class generally . The foltowiug , I think , may be adopted without fear of failure in a National Society .
FOR MEMBERS ONLY . Subscription In case of need Weekly Weekly . entitled to the Payments . Id ... ... sum of ... ... 2 a ^ \ O 2 . 1 4 i gg . 5 S 3 » 3 < i 6 s 2 . g- » . S £ B 44 8 , t " 5 | S . 5 " 5 d 10 s ' g ! -5 j f 6 d ... lfcJ" * 8 ff | I 8 d . ' . " . " ! " . * ... ... ig « sT ^ ikE 9 A ... ' 1 * 8 ^ o- " ^ iod ... 2 osj rt . gg-s-At the death of a member the society to provide an tlm coffin , ' moulded top aud bottom , best furniture , a pall , the loan of cloaks , hatbands , && ; and when required , to provide a grave , head-stone , and bearers .
When the society is become large and possessed of land and other property , I think they may add in sickness a doctor . In support of this scale , I wonld say to those who may object to the lowness of the payments to members in need , that the benefit societies which give more , only give in sickness , for births , and for deaths ; whereas the society I propose is to give the weekly Btipend when tbe member needs through want of employment . To those who object that the payment iB too high , more than a society can give , I must urge in reply , that such a society by applying its funds in the purchase of land or other raw material for the beneficial employment of its members would generally be able--when members fell upon tbe box , to give them employment , and so continue them as paying members instead of recipients .
Again , it is proposed to be a National Society , tot the ultimate locating the great majority of the toiling class who are willing , in their own societies , farms or workshops , as part proprietors of the establishments , and shares of the labours , and the raising of wages fai those who choose to stay in the employ of tbe master class . Therefore , such a society once safely established , could afford to offer and give greater benefits than any society that has yet been established ; aa respects fane * rais , inasmuch as the society would have its own workuhops and artisans , and could purchase the materials at the first hand , it might give its deceased members a more decent and respectable funeral than any other society , at a considerable less coBt to the funds .
In addition to this graduated scale the society may have a land fund , for such of its members who can afford to subscribe more than their weekly subscription to tbe benefit scale ; and also ( oiethexB who de not feel inclined to subscribe to the benefit scale . It may also have o Savings' Bank for the members , or any other parsons , or budies , to place such funds as they could spare , at a fair rate of interest , to be drawn out after certain notice to that effect . Some firms , or . companies , have similar banks attached , wherein trade and benefit societies place their money , by which means the capitalists are able to use the money of the working class against tfeem ; but as in all probability a great many members of Trade Societies would belong to such a national society aa herein set
forth , by lending tbe trade fund to it they would be lending it to themselves , and that too for the purpose for which it were subscribed—namely , to raise wages . Further ; our friends must not suppose that that we shall be ebliged to proceed only with the funds paid iu by members ; for when we have made our first purchase of laud or buildings , we shall be able to raise the amount of purchase money nearly , by mortgage on the property at 3 i per cent , and nse the same at a profit of 16 or 2 $ per cent , to tbe society It will be the numerous meaus of acquiring wealth that we shall possess in such a society , that will ensure the achivemehts of tbe great national objects we have in view . The practicability of such a society exists of course in the means of our disposal to carry it out I
have enumerated a great portion of those means in an earlier letter upon tbe practicability of the proposed society . They are the sums that each individmal in employ can stint himself of , out of hia reduced and still reducing wages , for the purpose of stopping such reductions by opening a labour market of his own . The aggregate of these sums are first the wealth to be employed in the undertaking ; the second ie tbe knowledge , zaal , and integrity we possess in our Chartist localities to conduct such a movement ; but one most important of our means I did not name ; and tbat is , that we have at onr command a practical farmer , who will conduct our land operations , as he hath done all our others , —gratuitously . You
will anticipate my information . It is our Barrister Who hath , expended so much of his time and money in the trials of oar leaders ; it is our agitator who hath agitated throughout the length and breadth of the laud foe ns , at bis own expense , time after time ; it is he who established the Northern Star , the poor man ' s newspaper , to advocate our rights , —it ia he who was rich , but hath made himself poor by our cause ; it is oat chieftain , Feargus O'Connor . He bath intimated , too , that he believes he could get T . Dancombe , Esq ., our M . P ., and Sb . arm . in Crawford , Esq ., M . P ., to become traetees to such an association . Shall we not avail ourselves of their names and services in bo great a Cause ?
Shall we neglect advantages such as these , that never before the people of England bad at their command ? D : > we so love tbe slough of wretchedness and slavery in which we are engulphed , as to leave this mighty chain of circumstances for relief , to corrode ia partial idleness of the uses to which they should be applied ? No . No . I feel that onr wonted energy , z = * al and industry will presently direct our steps ; tnat oar love of country and ot kiud , wiU dictate a not ) j or course ; that our affection , pity , and respect for thoBa who nave been sacrificed for the cause , for their wives and fatherless children , -will louse U 3 to a sense of out situation .
We shall soon perceive , that our duty to ourselyos our fellow-slaves , our z jaloua advocates , our untiring agitators and instructors , our disinterested friends , and last not least , to our noble , modest , chief" labourer , O'Connor , imperatively demands our utmost vigour in the application of ail those means that I have enumerated , to the most extensive ases of which they are capable for the benefit of all who will unite with ua in tbe good work ot emancipating mankind from slavery , poverty , and crime . With a longing desire to see the great work com . inenced , I remain , yours in hope , Gracchus .
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TO THE PEOPLE OF . _ IRELAND . " Ireland for the IriBh . " Fellow -Countrymen , —The above short and pithy sentence has been so' often on the lips of your chief leader , and responded . to by you , tbat I am induced to examine -what affinity it bears to a Repeal of the Union , or in tbe event ot a Repeal , wonld it , as it is intended to Imply , bear its proper construction T Irishmen , experience has convinced me that there 1 b often mere enthusiasm manifested by yon when your passions are appealed to , than when your reason is consulted . For instance , I well remember tbe disgraceful scenes which UBed to occur , particularly in tbe province of Mnnster , at the Fair , when faction met faction , and riot and bloodshed nsed to be tbe certain
result . These is not one of yon who did not know , or whose reason did not convince him that he was acting contrary to the precepts of Christianity , and violating the laws of the country ; hut soon as the wild shont of party , the war-whoop of faction , the demoniacal yell of a " Shakavest , " « r a "CaRavai ; " a " White Hen , " or a * ' Magpye ; " a " Big Hayes , " or a " Little : Hayes" was raised in defiance , reason fled her throne , and passion , like a whirl-¦ wind , swept tbe deserted plain , and rode madly rampant over the ruin it bad made- Those scenes are , thank God , passed away . ' and may tho man who dashed tbe accursed cup from your lipsj and thereby opened yenr eyes to yonr folly , and awakened fraternal affections in your bosoms , taste the blessings which he so truly
deserves : It is in the language and spirit of calm and nnimpassioned reason I would discuss the merits of the above important sentence ; for I am convinced , until reason , NOT PASSION , sways the Irish mind , Ireland will never raise her bead above the political horizon , or her people be other than slaves and persecuted serfs . Tbb Irish mind is eveT from tbe principle of the " pbysiolgy of man , ? ' peculiarly adapted to excitement ; and hence the necessity for caution , and and in tbe present case scrutiny , as such warmth of disposition h « a too often led the people into serious and ( by them ) nnforeseen difficulties : the maxim that " he must watch who wonld overcome" beiDg entirely lost sight of ; and which is notbiDg more or less than the exercise of reason , ' with the firm resolution to
act consistent with tbe convictions ot calm reflection . " Ireland for the Irish" is ; then the rallying cry . It is tbe magic sentence—tbe Incantation which , lite a spell , acts npon you * imaginations , draws your scattered forces together , stimulates yon to action , resnscitates the hopes « f bygone days , ; aud inspires the pleasing dream that It I s almost already within yoar grasp . 01 bow ardently I could wish this vision were complete ; and that such were truly the position yon hold in the political and social world .: How happy could I be if , instead of a warning address , I conld compliment yon on your victory and participate in your triumph . Yts , this wonld be a pleasure wertb all else beside . But , alas 1 tbe time has not yet come—although come it will ; and until it does it will be our duty to accelerate
it by every lawful means within our power ; and whilst we suffer together , battle together for its attainment How much is contained in those tour words—*• Ireland for the IriBh . " It will suffice to say , tbat every evil act of a crnel Government towards a long-suffering people —every inroad upon Irish liberty—every confiscation of property—every scene of rapine , spoliation , and murder—every act of injustice in Church and State—every reeking sword arid flaming ; faggot are exhibited and coupled with the wild and unbounded joy at tbe prospect of just retribution which is to follow as tbe consequence of a Repeal of the TJnion . All the varied passions of tbe mind are called into action—every dormant energy is aroused ; whilst hope—bo often faithless—is on the wing and fluttering in sportive joy at what may possibly be a delusion ..
Now , my conntrymeB , answer me . Will Irishmen have obtained Ireland when a Bepeal Of tbe Union is effected ? This is the question npon which rests tbe -whole fabric of your future hopes . This is tbe nucleus of Ireland ' s supposed future happiness , and the touch-Btone to try the soundness of tbe principle upon which yon expect to base your prosperity . ' Whatever may be your reply , I answer , no 1 And why will it not t Fint , because , under existing circumstances , it is impossible ' , without dismemberment ; and swondly , because Repeal , wittiouta * poll , " " fair , " and " free" representation of the whole people of
Ireland in the Irish Parliament , would be only entruBticg power in tbe bands of interested and privileged parties , to be used forthtrirown and not toe people ' s interest ; and that , constqucntly , the people wonld be & » far removed as ever from tbe possession of real or supposed happiness . And h ' ere I would ask you what is , and Las bees , ihe causa of all yonr sofferiugB ? What is the cause of all the misery which exists amoEgst the working classes of Grtat Britain ? Want of p . > iit cal pr > Wfr ! Now as yos ars not all Piddy Buibs ' s . I -would just explain , that puUticd pow ~ i nie ^ ns | P rtstJ 1 i ^ tion , or a voice ia lhe makiDg of laws
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HOME COLONIZATION . LETTER XVII . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . SIR , —To assist in procuring that Unity for which I am so strong an advocate , seeing that I did not coincide in practical operations with Mr . Owen , the president of tbe Rational Society , I have Resigned the oflice of General Secretary of that Society , and retired from Harmony Hail ; consequently my letters cannot bear their usual heading . As however jthe ultimate object I have in view is the universal happiness of man , and as a means of accomplishing this j object , his adoption ofasystemof Association in Colonies of United Interests , I shall continue the number ot the letters , and simply change the beading to Home Colonization .
In leaving Harmony Hal ) on ceasing to hold office in the Rational Society , I would not have any one ts infer that I am Indifferent to the progress or success of either . I still bold them to be tbe most advanced efforts tbat have been made for tbe attainment of that system of society which must ere long be adopted , or the misery which is daily rapidly increasing ] will fast destroy the population of the country . j Your readers have now before them , in tolerably clear terms , the opinions of Gracchus and myseif with respect to Organization ; and I am glad to see the subject is to be treated of by Mr . O'Connor , yourself , and many others ; as J am well awarejthat in proportion to tbe soundness of the information laid before the public will judgment ultimately be formed ; and nothing can be more gratifying to the true lover of bis species than the progress which is now ] being made in the acquirement of correct principles ] .
I agree cordially with Gracchus that there will be faults , more or less , in every system of Government , until they be removed by a ( sound education of every child in the state ; and that when the people know tbe right they will do ill I shall therefore leave differences which exist between us respecting either principles or persons , to be { calmly considered by those who feel interested on tbe subject ; ob I have no wish to urge my own opinions too ! strongly ou others , but merely desire to throw ont from time to time such suggestions as appear likely to act beneficially on the publiomlnd ; as I am well convinced that a dogmatic exercise of power or adherence to opinion is always repulsive to progress , whoever may be the person to exercise it . j Tbe subject of my letter for this week is the second point in the preliminary Charter put forth by Mr . Owen : 41 National nnexolnsive superior practical education for all who require it "
We have in this sentence a theme that requires volumes to be written to elaboratefit What is education ? This single question would employ many hours to give anything like an adequate reply to it Tee education of every human being should consist in tbe highest development of ali bis powers and faculties , physical , mental , and moral ; aj business wbicb Las never yet been performed for any individual during tbe history of the human race , nor ^ an it ever be accomplished until the mind has been expanded to an extent of which we have none ef as at ' present an adequate conception . If , however , we ara unable to obtain all that is
desirable in this respect , shall we on that account become supine and lukewarm , and allow our time and opportunities of improvement to be wasted whilst we are hoping for things unattainable ? or shall we not rather assist in every manner to urge forward such practical measures of education or training as may be within our reach . j If we look at the state of the public mind in this country at the present time , and compare it with what it was previous to the first efforts of Bell and Lancaster being made to instruct the people , there is much to rejoice at The simple elements of instruction so niggardly doled out under tbe most severe and pressing discouragements , joined to the facts which science has within the last century developed , has created a change in society as a whole , difrorent to any tbat has been known at any former period of human history .
The body of the people were never before in a position to exercise calm and deliberate judgment on what was going on around them ; nor were they ever before urged by such pressing necessity to examine into the means they possess for redressing the evils under which they suffer . j As may be well known by those who are acquainted with the science of human nature ; in proportion as this instruction has progressed and this necessity has increased , we have had to witness the various endeavours that have been made for an improved position ; until at this period those who bave hitherto been tbe oppressors are beginning to loot with wonder , fear , and amazement , upon those they have hitherto been taught to dbspise : and in a short time they will gladly co-operate in any measure of mutual safety which may ba laid before them . 1
The safety , tbe welfare , tbe happiness , of all ranks and classes , not only in this country , but throughout the whole civilised world , depends npon a sound practical education being speedily given to every human being . ] In my last letter , I proposed a national survey of this country as one great estate , f for the purpose of developing to tbe highest extent our present knowledge will admit its capabilities for providing for the population , J recommended that all those who are unemployed should immediately be set [ to work , under one superintending mind , in improving the lands , and erecting superior dwellings on a [ scale systematically to produce wealth most abundantly ; to distribute it moat justly . ' , to train or educate eyery individual from birtb to death ; and to govern all on terms of equal justice to all . j
I have , in order the more practically to carry forward the subject I am now writing on , namely , " natural superior practical educatian for all who require it , "to propose tbat the Government immediately agree to take into tbe dwellings of which I have before spoken , the chHdren of all such parents aB would be ready to place them in their hands to be educated ; and that they train them in the manner tbat shall ro der them most efficient for all tbe general purposes of life . Same I knew will be ready to exclaim : |* Would you offer to trust tbe Gorernmeni with tbe entire controul ot the
education of the whole of the rising generation V and to tbiB Ireply : " certainly ; and be most extremeiy grateful that they could be so far enlightened as to take such a work in hand . " If we bare any faith in the assertion tbat knowledge is powerTlet us do everything within our reach to extend this knowledge . Oace gained , it can never be removed t > y ignorance ; but it will , in its turn , remove ignorance even from the highest places . It is true this may not be done by force or violence ; nor is it right that it should be . We must all bear in mind , whatever ! may be our personal privations , we would not have them if we could avoid it : and those who are now revelling in luxury cannot rationally be blamed for being in circumstances which those who would oppose them nowjenvy .
By combining in such an education as I propose , tbe highest mechanical and chemical appliances in connection with the superior cultivation of the land , and by having sound practical teachers well versed in the sciences of human na ure and of society , these children would soon not only be made self-supporting , but to contribute very largely to the production of superior wealth for those of tbe present generation who have most unfortunately been so ill trained as to be unable to provide for themselves those things that they havu been taught to covet and , desire . I
Education on such a basis would speedily develop in a most , superior manner the physical , mental , and moral powers of the children ; and would give them individually a power and capacity } such as has not yet fallen to the lot of man to receive ; a power and capacity tbat would again react in tbe production of higher ad " Vanoes until a state of being would tie procured capable of enjoying all the advantages which nature , has bo liberally provided for us . What is the present knowledge of man ? Does he know himself , or the manner in which the objects wbicb sarround him act upon bis bciau ? For a reply to these questions let via ask ourselves what
we know individually of cnatemy , { physiology , the laws of beat , those which regulate the temperature and other changes of the atmosphere i besides all tbe laws of mechanics and chemistry ? Are we well acquainted with agriculture , botany , geology , ) mineralogy , and toe other sciences necessary for the production of tbe greatest amount of advantage fromjthe earth we inhabit ? or are we not rather seeking , even in our highest flights , mean , pitiful , and trifling objects , quite unworthy of rational beings , placed by the Great Creating Power of the universe , in the midst of all things necessary for our well-being and happiness ? j What have we to do to obtain such an education for
tbe present generation as I here propose ? To unite . If knowledge is power , union is strength ; and when the minds of the masses can be sufficiently expanded to see this , they will unite . There wi » be no groundless fears exiat whether individuals will abuse power ; for it will he found that every individual , however high his intellect , however much he may be respected or loved , will become powerless if be acts contrary to those principles which are now ascertained to be in accordance with nature ] and consequently eternal . The knowledge gained byjthe public will soon absorb all individual importanc * ; jand every man will strive to do what he can for the general good , and be contented with tbe inward satisfaction that results from bis actions . A great and holy alliance will be formed of tbe wise and good of all ranks , classes , and people ; and they will proceed on ench ( clearly defined and universal principles that none will be enabled to
mistake the path to be followed whoever may erroneously and unintentionally for a time advise thorn to go astray . I must here again observe , as I did at tbe conclusion of my last letter , tbat I do not ' wish this subject to be suspended until all I ask for can be ' obtained . We must diligently strive to assist in every ] manner possible , to lay sound practical information before the pnblie , and help fur ward those who are behind ] us by every possible means . Tbe meanest village school ! the simplest information how to do anything in a better manner than it has been done before , must not be neglected . Tnose who can neither read or write , may still do much in educating those around them ; for | if they can explain how physical strength can be economised ; how intellectual ideas are to be expandad ; [ how moral faculties are to be strengthened ; or how any of the practical business of life is ' to be belter done , they will , in tneit respective positions , be assisting iu ' thiB great , good , and consequently most desirable work . ] 1 am ,. Srr , your obedi | nt servant , GoBpoit , July 3 , 1843 . WujLWH Q . M . VLV ,
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NOMINATIONS FOR THE GENERAL COUNCIL . JNOTTINGHAM . —FEM 4 LE 3 . Mrs . Martha Sweet , Goose-gate . Mrs . Hannah Barnett , Waburn-street . Mrs . Maria Elli ? , Independent-hill . Mrs . Susannah Wainwright , York-street . Mrs . Eliza Wilkins , York-street . Mi 6 B Mary Ann Ellis , Independent-hill , sub-Trea surer . Miss Mary Ana Abbott , Mount East-street , sub Secretary .
8 T 3 TTON-1 N-ASHFIELD . Mr . Joseph Fox , framework-knitter , tlnioastreet . Mr . James Fox , do ., Pmgle-green . Mr . Win . Oxley , do ., do . Mr . George Webster , do ., Reform-street . Mr . Wm . Blasdill , do ., do . Mr . John . Arnold , do ., Low-street . Mr . Francis Spencer , do * . Quarry-yard . Mr . George Keadall , do .. TJuioa-atreet , sub-Treasurer . Mr . George Holland , do ., Market-place , sub-Secretary .
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Notice of Burial . —The following notfeo was lately affixed at a church door m Herifordsiiirt :, and read in the Gaurch : — " This is to give ijomoo , tnat no person is to be buried in this churct-yar ^ i bat trio **? liv . iiii In iho parish ; and those who ws <> . i r . o be bunou uvti civoitod to apply to the ptirieaulvik . "
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THE NORTHERN STAR j 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 8, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct658/page/7/
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