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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE CHAMBERS' PHILOSOPHY REFUTED . ULBOUB PLEADDfS IT 3 OTTN CAUSE . THE JEMPLOYEB A 2 TD EMPLOYED . A X 1 MILIAB DIALOGUE . —? ABI m . JrfionSjwj to appointment theJour parties to the dialogvilrtzpeeting the Employer and the JBmployed , met in flit , room of the "Stranger ! Some" public-house , in the town of DeiriPt ifcwt , after the close of Tuesday ' s market ; -and the dialogue vxu thus resumed - — Robin . —Well , Maister QnilL is there trwt strange once we met last ? Ecod , but Maister Smith , looks ten years older . Smith : —Aye , Robin , are , I can feel for the woes of others . Robin . — "Why , what ' s up now ? Owt . "bad In the market ?
Smith . —Market , market I If s anything but a market . Robin . —Why , Maister Smith , what ' s the matter ? Smith . —What ' s the matter ? Why , just as I predicted . They've overdone It . Robin . —Orei-Joce what , Maister Smith ? Smith . —YiTLy ine China and India market . They are ail slutted : the—worst news" that ' s eome into DeviFs Dust since tie last panic . Robin . —Ecod , but I thought there "was summat gone-wrong ; for all them there mills that "was busy Duflding a -week ago , as folks said for the India and China market , are all give urn : and there ' s a wonderful to do among theTJrieklavers and Stone-masons .
Carpenters and Joiners , and , in feet , all the trades . I ^ on't go out to read the papers now , Maister Smith ; but Maister Sparerib , the butcher , eame to me on Saturday neet , and axed how it was fhat so much meat wa&left on his hands more than other ,-weeks I But as he is a grumbling in the best of times , I didn't mind him much ; but he was lamenting over the case « f poor folk , and saying as liow them as would . hare a nice joint on Saturday neet , said they'd try a . scrag of mutton ; and others would take a lot of broken meat ; and them there as had a scrag , would be content with a pluck ; and the good workmen that would hare an extra j oint , to feast their friends at Christmas , would wait for a
¦ week ; and so on . Ecod , Maister Sparerib said he wished that sheep were all scrags and plucks- ; for folk wanted jiowt else on Saturday . He axed me the reason , and 1 told him that it was all machinerythem there flying devils that folk with money was building palaces for—brought the Stone-masons and Bricklayers , and all the rest . of them Joiners , and Carpenters , aud Nail-makers , flocking here , and Tailors to make clothes for them , while all the work ¦ was done afore they came ; while them warehouses arndbigpawnshopswasfullof as much as would flt the
world ; and so instead of nature we had everything fiction-like . And , eeod , sure enough , but I hear Maister Squeezegnt , overseer of that there fine refuge for the paupers , says that he ' s like to have custom enougb . ! for , ecod , n . ejhasn ' t house room for all that ' s applying for relief . Smith . —Well , well , but Robin , how could we have foreseen all those things ? Don ' * you see therewas a demand ; and shouldn't we , as a matter of course , and aa good Christians , endeavour to supply the "wanisof others ? Robin . —Eeod , Maister Smith , thou needn't look so bine about it . Thou ' si quit Devil ' s Dust in good time .
Smith . —Confound it , Robin , "good time" do you cafllt ? \ Look here . Here ' s a notice 1 have just re ceived of a public meeting of landed proprietors to be held" in the Town Hall this evening , to take into consideration the best and speediest means of relieving the present distress of the working classes , by voluntary contributions , or such other means at shall prevent an additional lew on landed property . Robin . — Ecod , Maister Smith , bui that ' s just what I said ; andthon'lt find that "Shoddy Hall " will have to pay its share ! Maister Sparerib axed me to come and move an amendment for " protection for labour , " . as he says his eyes are opened to the infernal system , as he calls it , that wont allow hardworking folk to buy a bit of meat on Saturday neet . May be , Maister Quill , thou'lt second it .
QnilL—3 tell you what , Robin , you may depend upon it that all those things are betterJeft to the management of the monied dassce . A goodpetition , founded on a sensible resolution , setting forth the prevailing distress , will have much more effect on the Government than all your ridiculous and absurd propositions about '' protection for labour . " Hasn ' t Mr . Smith clearlv pointed out to vou that hi | situation is just aa pitiable as yours ; an 5 shown you that in the long run the grievances of the people must ultimately fall upon the shoulders of their superiors ? Rabin . —That ' s what Pm hearing every year .- It ' s s 31 alike z vaaS something pinches themselves , they cart nmvtfortht condidem . of the iwwI-jjjq classes : and-then when they meet , it ' s all to " PROTECT" themselves from the burthen . ' But Til tell thee what , Maister Quill ; who are thev to petition ?
Qnlfl- —Whv , Sir Uoberi Peel and the House of Commons , to be sure . Robin . —Ecod , but Peel and them folk will have enough to do to get taxes now ' . and its Lard to think that folk that wouldn ' t hear poor people telling their own distress -will give owi for others to make a storv for them I Bless my life ; don ' t I remember what all them landlords and capitalists said when Maister Ferrand axed them for £ 1 , 000 , 000 forpoor folk i and , ecod , £ 1 , 000 , 000 wHlbenpwt amongst them allshortly . QnilL—Well , but Robin , the case is different when Mr . Terrand asks for a grant of £ 1 , 000 , 000 , and "when the capitalists petition for relief .
Robin . —What ' s the difference , Maister Quill ? Does ' nt see that machinery has enabled its owners to collect most of the monev in the eonntrv into their own hands ? and , ecod , Peel has but to look out for the scrapings wherever he can catch them . Time was , Maister Quill , when Government-had the cream and folks had the milk between them ; but them there flying devils and cast-iron men have lapped up aS the cream and left the Government onlv the skim
milk , and the licking of the pan for poor folk . I'll tell you what , Maister Quill , you told me to look at all the churches , and all the improvements that machinery had made for Devil ' s Dust : and , ecod , ¦ wiien panic comes they'll none of them put a bit on the poor man ' s platter 1 Then where ' s all your great boasi about ibe " cheapness" produced by machinery ? QuilL—Well , but surely Robin , raider any circum-F" Jiees , it would be better to have things " cheap " tLan " dear ?'
Kodib . —Maister Q , tu 3 L that ' s another piece of wisdom we have long heard of ; and when you complains of demagogues and philosophers , and will hear nowi that they say , we must come to common * ense , and common reason , and ask you what vou mean bv " cheap" and "dear ?" QuilL—Now , Hobin , you speak like-a man of sense . Robin . —Wait till vou hear what Pre to say . Well then , I remembers eighty years . I remembers all the years that thinss were " " dear , " and all the vears that
things were ¦ " cheap . " And , Maister Quill , in the " dear" years , I could get the" " dear" food and "dear" doth , and "dear" every thing , and have more money at the end of the week than I had when all Ihing 3 were " cheap . " I remembers when the quartern loaf was two shillings in Devil's Dust ; and , ecod , 11 dear" as it was , poor folk conld have it . If ow it ' s sixpence ; and , eeod , its aseramble , and a god-send to get it . Quifl . —How do vou account for that , Robin ?
Robin . —Account for it ? why can't thou account for it ? Doesr / t see that while every thing is being " cheapened , " labour has been made cheapest of all ; sn . d , ecod ; thou ' st made it so cheap , that thou must sive foTk ^ summat to eat to tempt ' em to take it loike . So thou pv ' st their labour to foreigners to tempt them to take it at alL QuflL—Well , but Robin , don't you see its not fair to ascribe aD these evDs to MacMnerv ? machmerv
and its blessings are , as it were , but half developed HestrietioHs , as I may say , of which those upon human food are the most barbarous , sit as an incubus , nay press as a ni ^ htr-mare on the breast of machinery , and ¦ withhold all those benefits which would otherwise freely flow from it , from the working classes . Once xmshackle industry and untrammel trade , by allowing the produce of English labour to be exchanged with , those who would give as food " in return , and
then-Robin . —Ecod , and then -we'd he worse of than ever > What would ' st ta' call Free-trade , Maister Quill ? Why , ifs free enough to have turned the little village Of Devil's Bnst into a great city , to send two members to Parliament' And hasn't seen mlQ piled on mill , and house on house , one after " tether ; and hasn ' t every additional mill been a bit of " extension , " as thev call it ? and dont I tell thee that every " extension ' ias been followed by a reduction of . wages ? Well then , here ' s a question , Maister Quill : if the end of all them " extensions" has been a bigger reductions in wage , can ' st tell me how much reduction the great " extenaon" of all would bring about ? Why , good God of heaven , just look at all them there Indians , > ad them there Chinese , that folk tell us is nigh hand
6 Sv half the -world ; and see how toon them there flying deTBB has completed all orders from those parte . Aye , aye , Maister Quill ; you say trade with those who irould give TJS food in ^ return . Ecod , if s Mr . Smith and the eottog , lords that would get the " food in return / ' and if we mav judge by the past , we might » ee , big "warehouses full of wheat at one side of the street , and warehouses full of cloth and calico at 'tother ait , and those that made the one that bought the other "walking naked andhnngry between both ! Sin ^ --rPooX pooh , Robin ; vjra talk nonsense . How is it possible that masters would be so dead to iheir owb interest as not to exchange the wheat that they got in return for produce , for labour to produce xaore ! Not but I admit , Robin , that you have conaderably staggered my notioninfavom * of afree-trade
in . corn , I 0 > bin , —Yea , Mr . 'Smith , you'd exchange it sure tBDngkj * tat then you'd exchange all ; you'd be xuotttr of the wage of labour , < md the price of wheat ; snip yotfd teB the labourer - that competition compelled yon togrre his produce so "cheap /* and comj > etiiion for corn made you buy it * o " dear / ' that Totfd bare to get Chambers , and Chadwick , and Mngterfdre , aad Jemmy Grahim , and Johnny Itai&eDj
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and thai there damned ould fooil , ould Brougham , and that there ould woman , Joey Hume , and ITrankey Place , with two or three doctors , to draw out a table with ugnreB that would reach from here to York , shewing the amount of food that folk could live on and work , and low "low living *' and " frugality " was good for health ! and how goodiivinglea to dissipation and idleness , and brought bastards ! "We should have cartrloads of books , and waggon-loads of " reporte " from committees of capitalists and commissioners of bankers and cotton lords 1—new-fangled stuff , and coroner ' s inquests , telling us the length of poor folks ' guts , and how much blud poor folk owt to have , and all that kind of stuff , as if poor folk hadn't as many guts as rich folk , and wern't made like ' em ! Why damn it , Master Qmill QuilL—Hold , hold , Robin ; swearing is no argument .
Robin . —It ' s enough to make folks swear to see the way poor folk is talked about , and wrote about , and treated now-a-days ; and to see Maister Smith and his sort , and thee and thy sort , supporting newspapers by advertising to get £ 4 or £ 3 per cent , for "thy" money , and covering the walls with specula tions and prospectuses as to how thou might make more of it ; and boasting that in ten years thou ' st invested as much "brass" in one damned speculation and another as would pay the interest of the national debt ; and then leaving poor folk to pav the debt after all ! Ecod , Maister Quill , I tell thee what ; thou may ' st bring down all the books in thy shop and read them all , and thoul't never convince the
working people that the laws are just that allows thee and the capitalist to do these things , and leaves the poor to starve . And I'll tell thee more too ; that whatever price free trade allows the mas ters to purchase corn at , no law that thou can make will ever regulate the price of the loaf that conies on the poor man ' s table . And I'll tell thee more than that too ; that landlords alone will have to pay taxes and the interest on the national debt , unless they look about . QuilL—Aye , aye , that ' s it . The landlords are the men' . Have at them I They must enable the working ^ classes to live . Kobin . —Ecod , but not by " cheap" bread , though . QuilL—What then , Robin ?
Robin . —Why good wage ; to be sure ! Let them work on the land , and then they wont care what price bread is . They'll have it out of their own sweat—and "dearer" and better . They'll eat enough ; and get more for surplus , and be good customers in the manufacturing market . QuilL—What , Robin ; then you are opposed to machinery altogether ? Robin . —Xoa , nowt of the sort ! I remembers read ing after Cobden , when he wns at Bradferd , and he axed a Hand-loom Weaver that opposed him if he was against machinery ? The poor man ' s name was Butterworth , and his answer was : " Noa , Mr . Cobden ; I ' m not opposed to machinery . 3 £ ou may go to bed by machinery , and get up by machinery , and cat by machinery , and drink by machinery , and put on your clothes dv machinery ; aye , and pick your teeth bv machinery ; if your machinery doesn ' t take my bed from tinder mt , the- eoat off my bad , and the loaf of vui table . " Ecod , but that " was wisdom ! It " was worth all the tons of tracts that ever was issued hv
that skin-flint of a League . QuilL—Well but , Robin , why talk of tilling the land at home , when we can get corn so much " cheaper" from abroad ? Besides , youknow thattbe very best authorities tell us that the land of England does not produce , and indeed is not capable oi producing , enough of corn for the people ? Hobin . —There you go again , Maister Quill , with your " better to get' cheap' corn from abroad , than grow it at home . " I say that the man that grout it at home uHlbe able to have enough of it , independent of all Iaw 3 and restrictions ; and he'll be a better customer in the market with his surplus , than all the Chinese and Indians and other folk in the world . And it ' s all gammon about England not being able to produce
enough ! Why there ' s nearly twice as many folk now in England as there was sixty years ago ; and there's just as much land as when we had only a half of the population ; and Oten I remember , some folk would talk that foolish stuff , that England couldn't feed them alL But now we see this very year , that the same land is capable of supplying the " whole population I Aye , Maister Quill , and if we had four times the population we have , we'd find that the land would produce six times as much as it does now . Smith . —Well but , Robin , how would you make the land produce more / Surely men that expend their capital in land are more conversant with the subject than you are ; and they make it produce as much as it can !
Robin . —Nay , nay , Maister Smith ; let the population " pre * s on the land ; " then folk will begin to sec that the land was of no value till labour was applied to it ; and if labour tvrs applied to it , thou would not fir . d it so easy to make £ 90 , 000 of thy £ 20 , 000 in fifteen years , " aa thou did ' st when thy cast-iron men and wooden women , and wire children , " pressed hardly on the means of subsistence . " Smith . — "Well Robin , you appear to wish to check honourable speculation altogether . Robin . —Nay , Maister Smith , not so : but I'd stop that speculation that allows the few to put the money that belongs to all into their poekete , and compels the many to starve , or to petition Parliament for relief ; or to ax the Queen to write a beggins letter to Parson
Barebones to beg for charity to keep them alive that keeps her , and teeds that German husband of her ' s , and all them young half-German princes and princesses . And now , Maister Qnill , do ' st think thy faither ever remembers the time in Devil's Dust when maisttrs and men wrought together , that monsters were buying land and spending in speculations ; -while the King was begging , and Parson Flower preaching charity sermons for poor folk ? Aye , Maister Quill , we had no Town Hall then , sure enough , because folk didn't want to do what Bess ' s Old Poor Law did for them ! And then thou talkest of the " dissipation , " and "improvidence , " and "discontent" of the working classes . I'll tell thee what , Maister Quill ; just thou get Peel and the Government to shut up the gin palaces , public-houses , and beer-shops , ana see where the National Debt will go to ! and see where the sailors' pay , and the soldiers' pay , and the
pensioners pay ; aye , eeod , and the Queen ' s pay , too , will come from ' . Whv , bless my old . life , talk of "dissipation : " don ' t I live down there in West-street , between a man that sells penny publications that folk can only buy on Sunday , and a big public-house ; and isn't my brain addled on Sunday neet with drunken folk in the pnblic-house , while Maister Smith and the bench of magistrates fines the poor devil that sells penny tracte on Sunday , to trv and get a living ? Who makes them '' dissipated , " Maister Quill ? Why its the Government that lives on them , and the maisters that encourage them ; and I'll be bound for it , that before machinery came to Devil's Dust , thy faither never saw " Jolly Sailors" open after nine o ' clock on anv neet in the week . Nay , if poor old Maister Grudge , that kept it for fifty years , allowed a lad to drink , or aman to get drunk there , Bumble , the beadle , would be at him , and parson Flower would be about his ears . And then about the "
discontent ; " I've seen famine , or nearly like it ; I ' ve seen when thy faither and I were put to shifts to get a bit for the children ; and we wern't " discontented" then ; for it was all famine alike . It came from God , then , Maister Quill ; and it came on all without distmetion King wonld come down something , and Duke come down something , and Lord of the Manor , and Squire ; but no begging letters ; no praying for the poor alone , but praying to avert the famine from all . And then Parson Flower knew what every man in the parish had to spare . He was bookkeeper , like ; and many's the neet , Maister QuilL 3 , and my wife and children went to bed without supper—and we thanked God we had dinner , and we blest God , and blest the King , and blest Parson Flower , and blest the laws too : we wern't
"discontented" then , Maister Quill : but now I see poor folk working fourteen hours a day , skulking down the lanes wi ' out stockings , and lying a bed a Sundays , and cursing , and damning , and blaspheming at the laws that let's the rich grind the faces of the poor . They sets one set of folk rich and happy , and with pltnty every day in the year—in " good harvest " and "bad harvest ?' —wi '' good trade , ' and "bad trade ; " asd the Txanm is alwats 05 thi folk that xak ' s them rich axd tat . So thou seest , Maister Quill , il would be a strange thins if poor folk were otherwise than " dissipated " and " discontented . " Quill . —Yes , but Robin , I tell you it ' s all a consequence of their " improvidence ; " they might be better off .
Robin . —TO try that with thee , Maister Quill . It ' s alwava very easy to lay the burden on poor folk ' s shoulders . " " One man may steal a horse , while another must not look over the wall . " And now , Maister Quill , just see here . TO take poor folk , and thon sbalt take rich folk ; and let ' s see whether rich folk is so " provident" and " careful : " Now , lefs begin with a lump : rich folk owe a national debt of near eight hundred millions of monev ! The Queen , they say , is cutting down her establishment because she's in debt . Working folk had to pay the Duke of York ' s debts . The King of Belgium left poor folk to pay his debts . The Duke of D owes two millions . My God ! and all the poor folk together
only axed for half that to carry them over the bad Beason' Marquis of A owes a million and & half . Lord C— - — owes two millions . The Lord of the Manor here has sold off " Shoddy Hall , ' and " Twist Castle / ' and a whole parish , to pay the interest of his debts . In . short , they owe * among them four thousand millions to the Jews : and then they talk of poor folk being '' improvident ' . " Ecod , when they set about bunding a house they mortgage the walls to put the roof on ! And then see how folk compound and begin again : hit poor folk mun always pay twenty shilling in the pound I . Now , Mai * ter Quill , have I proved that folk werebetter off before machinery come to Devil ' s Dust ? ( Loud shouts without . )
Smith and QuIH { speaking together ) . — What ' s that ? What noise ii that ? ( Procession passes with band * and banners ; on the first flag , " Procession of the . Unemployed . " ) Smith . —01 ifi only a muster of the damned tagrag-and-bob-tail CharbBts . Robin . —( Standing atthewindow . ) Ecod , aMfdUu are Chartists vihtn they get hungry : but I see many a score , and many a hundred too , among them that
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never before was known as Chartists . ( Shouts of " To the Town Hall ! " Down with the Bastile 1 " "Bread or blood ! " ) QuilL—Do you bear that , Robin ? They are calling for bread . : Robin . —Ay , but not for " cheap" bread , Maister QuilL See that there flag , " Down with the League !" See 'tother , " Mart pigt and les $ partont . " Ecbd I hope Parson Barebones will seojfftot . See here , Maister Smith , 000 m and look . Smith . —Nay , Robin , I don't wish to be seen . Robin . —Ecod , but here ! here ' s all the men that's worked for thee , passing now : coomandsee . Smith . —No , thank ye , Robin ; I'd rather not .
t Robin . —Ah , there it is , Maister Quill ; in them times , before machinery was here , the maister was never ashamed nor afraid to look his men in the face ! Smith . —Aye , Robin ; but it is the men that have grown " impatient" and "insolent" now-a-days . Thev can't have been hungry longer than since Saturday last , and thev're crying out already . Robin . —Ecod / Maister Smith , in former times , if it were not a downright famine , we could stand a quarter or more before we d complain , because we had summat laid up ; butnow folk cry out when they are hungry , for hunger comes slap on them . They oan't wait . [ See here , Maister Smith ; see here , Maister Quill , " Bourn -with the bastile . " ' ¦ Equal rights . " " Fair day ' s wage , for a fair datf ' s work . " "Annual Parliaments , " " Universal Suffrage , " " Vote by Ballot , " " Equal representation , " " No property qualification , " and " Payment of members . "
THE CHARTER IS OUR BIRTHRIGHT : —
We'll die or have it . " Smith . —Yes , yes ; I was right , they ' re Chartists , never satisfied . Robin . —Ecod , then it was machinery that made them Chartists , as well as made the churches , the banks , and the bastile . ( Shouts of " To the Townhall ! " ) Smith . —Robin , will you accompany us ? Robin . —Thankee , mister Smith , I'm over old to make my way through a crowd now ; but you and Maister Quill can go down . Quill . —No , I certainly shan't . I've nothing to do with it .
Smith . —I thought it was to be a meeting of landed proprietors and rate-payers ? Robin . —Ecod , and so it is ; the folks there ought to be the proprietors , as they are the rate-payers : so coom and hear what they have to say , Maister Smith . Smith . —Come , then , Robin , if you'll go I'll go . Take my arm , Robin . Robin . —Nay , Ecod . That would never do , Maister Smith . Ecod , they'd hiss me ; or happen hustle me . Smith . —Well , Jackson , give me your arm . Jackson . —Thankee , sir ; I ' m too shabby . ( Quill bolts . )
Smith . —Good God ! am I to be left here alone ? Jackson ; my good friend , Jackson , vou were always an honest man ; will you stay and take care of me ? Jackson . —Yes , Mr . Smith , I'll stay and take care ° f ye . NowtI trust that you'll see and understand tuat the working classes , howsoever oppressed , never che rish vengeance in their brcaste , or withhold protec tion , when called for , even from those who oppress tfl Smith . —I thank vou , Jackson . Do vou think
t ey'U come back ? Do vou think they saw me ? Robin . —Farewell , Maister Smith . A clear conscience is the best property that a man can possess , and the best safeguard against all the dangers that threaten . I have nowt to fear : so I'll go and face my townsmen . ( Shouts without of "Old Robin , " "honest Robin , " "threecheers for Robin , " "take oare of Robin , " " don't press him , " " carry him on your shoulders , " " put Robin in the chair , " "he ' s fittest to preside / ' " no cotton lord , " " no Free Trader . " " three cheers for Robin . " )
Jackson . —Mr . Smith , do you think old Robin would change places with you now , and take " Shoddy Hall" into the bargain ? fToht eotUinued . J
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pRExcn Academt of Sciences . —At the sitting of Dec . 9 th , M . Hector Ledru laid before the academy some specimens of cold-drawn iron , and other tubing . A few vears ago the only tubing made in France , for gas and * other purposes , except lead tubing , was made by hand . In England , iron-drawn tubing ( by heat ) , without soldering , was first made , and was imported , by special permission , into France on account of its vast superiority over hand-made soldered tubes . Within the last two years the French have , in this branch of manufacture , eclipsed the English , for they now , by pressure , draw tubing . cold , and it is in every respect perfect , indeed much more perfect than the hot-drawn tubing . A letter was received from M . Rougetde l'lslc , claiming for an English chemist ,
in 1 Q 25 , and whose name he gives , probably erroneously , as Frebet , the merit of the invention of the acrotherm ovens , respecting which so much has been said lately , and also that of the incendiary rocket of Capt . Warner , as described by M . Jobard , of Brussels . We think it highly probable that the method of baking bread by hot air was known in 1625 ; and if ¦ we knew what Capt . Warner ' s invention was , we might offer an ooinion on that subject also ; but we have no other authority than the description given by M . Jobard , and how are we to know that he has hit upon Capt . Warner ' s real or pretended secret ? M . Selligue made another communication respecting his mode of propelling vessels at sea by an explosive gas , instead of steam . M . Selligue appears to be more and more confident of the superiority oihis plan . A paper was ' received bv the academy from Dr . Natalis
Guilott , on the black substance resembling charcoal which is found in the lungs of man , and to which sonic of the French physicians have given the name of melanoes . This gubstance goes on accumulating in the respiratory organs in men of a certain age , and particularly in old men . It has all the character of pure charcoal , and is in a state of extreme division . A recent analysis has been made of it under the eyes of M . Dumas and M . Melseus . The causes of this deposit have been differently explained ; some of the faculty have even supposed that it arises from small particles of eharcoal dust , or the dust from carbonised wood used as fuel , conveyed by the respiratory action into the lungs , and accumulating there until it forms a compact mass ; This opinion appears , from the researches of M . Guillot , to be an erroneous one . He shows clearly that the cause , -whatever it may be , is not external . When this substance has accumulated
into a mass only a millimetre ( the thousandth part of a metre ) in tllickness , the air tubes and venous conduits are obtiterated ; the tissues then are trans formed into a black substance , which sometimes covers half the pulmonary organs . Respiration and circulation are now alike impeded , and , as the disease goes oh , death ensues , the whole of the pulmonary organs being hermetically sealed against the admission of air . This is frequently the case with persons of advanced age . When tubercles exist in the lungs , and this black matter is deposited around them , they do not undergo the changes peculiar to eonsumptionin its normal character . The tubercles become calcareous , are free from unctuous matter , and do not increase in volume . No vessel of new formation is developed , or , if this has been the case before the deposit of the molanose , they become obliterated , and the progress of the consumption is arrested .
Sitting of Dec . 16 th . —Antiquity of the Earth . —The sitting to-day offered but little interest , and was of short ; duration . M . Elle de Beaumont made some observations on a question submitted for consideration , viz : — " What relation exists between the progressive cooling of the earth and that of its surface . " M . Elle de Beaumont has calculated that the annual cooling of the surface of the globe has been greater than that of the globe itself during a period 0 ^ 88 , 359 years . According to this solution the antiquity of the period when our globe was entirel y incandescent , is of a remoteness which defies calculation , and shows that persons who attempt to fix the age of our planet by geological deductions must still be very distant from a perfect knowledge on this subject . Some recent discoveries in eeoloiry have , indeed , shown that
the earth is inuch older than the earlier discoveries have led tis to suppose ; but if , as is generally believed , the globe was at one time incandescent , the rate at which M . E . de Beaumont calculates thepro gressive cooling of it , in relation with the surface , would give to it an antiquity far greater than any that has hitherto been assigned to it . The Ethnological Society of London . —We purpose giving regular reports of the proceedings of th'is society , which-we trust , will be found interestingto our readers . It was founded in November , 1843 , by Dr . King , the Polar traveller . As naturalist to the expedition in search of Sir John Ross and his party , when shut up in the ice of Regent ' s Inlet , he had the opportunity of studying the physical ahd moral condition of the Red Man ; andhis narrative of that expedition bears testimonv of his labours in Ethnological research .
After studying the subject for some years , and stating his views in an appropriate prospectus , & sufficient number of known scientific men formed themselves into a body , under the . name of the " Ethnological Society of London , " for the purpose of affording that co-operation which Dr . King required and the science merited . The object is , to inquire into the distinguishing characteristics , physical and moral ,: of the varieties of mankind which inhabit , or have inhabited , the earth , and to ascertain the causes of such characteristics . -Variousinterestingpapersnavebeenread at the meetings of this society . The first of the present session , entitledthe "Natives of Guyana , " byChevalier
Schomburgk , was read on the 27 th ult .. Admiral Sir C . Malcolm , President , in the chair . The aboriginal inhabitants of Guyana consist of Ararawaaks , Warraua , Caribs , Accawais , Macusis , Arecunnas , Wapisianas , Atorais , Tarumas , Woyawais , Maopitiaus , Pianaghotto , and Drios . Their united numbers amount to 8 , 850 . The Atcrais are nearly extinct ; and the Maopitiaus number only fourteen men , eleven women , eight boys , and six girls . The form of th ^ Guyana native hut masks the tribe by which , it is raised ; and ; while . that of the Warrati , Arrawaakj and Carib is a mere shed , the houses of theMacusia and Wapissianas are frequently buUt of mud , sur-
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mounted by a roof of a pointed form of almost eastern character , and thatched with plain leaves . Each tribe lias its own "hunting ground , and each family its own plantation . The natives of Guiana , while yet infants , are betrothed . The youthful Ion is bound as soon as he is able to assist the family of his intended until she becomes his wife . The naming of the child devolves upon the Piaiman , or conjurer , who performs certain mystic ceremonies in a dark hut on the occasion , the duration of them depending upon the amount of the fee which is presented to him . On verging from childhood the
youths are subjected to severe trials : the boys , as a test of their courage , ; are put into a bag with stinging ants , or are lacerated about their breasts with the teeth of the wild hog , or the beak of the toucan ; the girls arc deprived of their long hair , and then slung in their hammock over an incessant smoky fire , an ordeal which frequently costs them their life . Characteristic drawings by Mr . Goodall , the artist to the expedition , ornamented the walls of the meeting room ; and there was a living illustration in the person of a Macusi , —From " The Institute : " a new weekly scientific journal .
Inteeestino Discoveries at Nineveh . —The news of the progress of M . Botta ' s excavations at Khorsabad ,. near Mosul , Palestine , are always interesting . There are at present one hundred and sixty workmen engaged thereon ? and besides the walls , which are covered with sculptures and inscriptions , many antiquities of a peculiar and at present inexplicable nature are met with . For example , under the large bricks , of which the floor consists , are stone repositories , which are filled with small clay enamelled figures of men and beasts , without anything on the surface indicating the existence of such repositories , or there being anything within them to explain their contents . In another place they discovered great rows of earthen vases of a remarkable size , placed on a brick floor and filled with human bones , and similar
to those which have been found at Babylon , at Ahwaz , and other places in South Persia . The palace seems to have been totally plundered before its destiiiction , for neither jewels , nor instruments , nor eren-the small cylinders , so numerous in the neighbourhood , are anywhere found : merely some bronze images of beasts ( for instance , a very fine lion ) have been discovered , aa also a -part of the bronze wheel of » war chariot . But the most incomprehensible circumstance is , that the alabaster slabs with which the Walls are cased , and which are covered with inscriptions and sculptures , bear on the back , likewise , inscriptions in arrow-headed characters , and certainly not in the Assyrian , but in the Babylonian language . As it is naturally not to be presumed that the architects could have l ) een so foolish as to have
graven these inscriptions where no one could have seen them without pulling down the wall , it must be presumed that the slabs have served twice , first belonging to a Babylonian palace , and aftei-wards have been transposed by the Assyrians , and freshly graven . At present no sculptures have been found on the back , which would , indeed , be of the greatest interest , no Babylonian sculpturcSihaving ever yet been discovered . Some of the lately found bas-reliefs are especially remarkable : for instance , one representing the siege of a town situate on an island ; the sea is covered with ships , the fore part of which form a horse ' s head , and which are occupied in bringing the trunks of trees for the purpose of erecting a dam . Tho water is covered with all kinds of marine animals—fishes , crabs , and winged sea-horses . The richness of the details , and the mass of sculpture which the palace contains , are amazing , ahd it is incomprehensible how so magnificent a ouilding should have been so strangely buried in the earth . The French Ambassador at
Constantinople has not yet obtained permission from the Porte to send to Paris those articles of antiquity which will bear transport , which says little for their interest thore , at a time when the English arc removing whole cargoes of antiquities from Lesser Asia to London . —Augsburffh Gazette . New Nautical Invention . —A useful invention is now in the act of being applied to one of our men-ofwar . It is called a "mana 3 uyrer . " It is the proposition of R . Fullerton , Esq . ; is an Archimedean screw fitted through the dead wood of tho ship at right angles with the keel , and set in motion by the capstan , for the purpose of turning-the ship round when , from calia weather , the helm has no effect on the vessel . It does not project in any degree , so as to impede tho ship ' s way through the water ; and must be highly useful in the case of a ship being aa tacked by steamers or gun-boats , in bringing thtbroadside to bear on them ; or it may even assist e ship in the act of staving .
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HoimeuLTURE . —It is a common opinion , though a very fallacious one , that recently planted trees or shrubs are liable to injury by frost , and therefore , that after the winter may be fairly said to have set in , all planting operations should ceaae till spring . Plants of . a very delicate habit , and under any circumstances liable to be injured by frost , it 1 b perhaps desirable to have established before winter ; but in the case of fruit trees , and the general run of hardv trees and shrubs , planting may bo carried on witfi peifect safety during intervals of fine weather , and the plants will thrive much better than if left undisturbed till spring . —the Greenhouse . Although the weather has been unfavourable , hy reason of the long-continued absence of the sun , the greenhouse is
by no means destitute ot newel's . Tho early plants of pink , blue and purple cinerarias are in full flower , as arc also the Chinese primroses , the forward camellias , : and not a few of' the tulips and other Dutch bulbs . If the weather continue * damp , it is essential during these short days to have a little fire heat occasionally , and water must be all but withheld . — The Flower-garden . Look over the half-hardy perennial plants in pits and frames , and pick off carefully everj" decaying leaf , and let the lights be off all day when the weather is dry . — The Kitchen-garden . The cauliflower and lettuce plants in frames should not be covered except during rains or frosts ; it is desirable by constant exposure to the air to render them as hardy as possible , and to prevent them from
being drawn up , —Bell ' s Weekly Messenger , Sago Palmist . —Of all the palm-trees which are natives of Asia , the sago palmist is one of the most useful and interesting ; a liquor runs from incisions made in its trunk , which readily ferments , and ia both salutary and agreeable for drinking . The marrow or pith of the tree , after undergoing a slight preparatibn , is the substance known by the name of sago in Europe , and so eminentl y useful in the list of nutritious food for the sick . The trunk and large leaves of the sago palmist are highly useful in the construction of buildings : the first furnishes planks for the carpenter , and the second a covering for the roof . From the leaves are also made cord , matting , and other articles of domestic use .
Sfadk Husbandry . — A correspondent writes as follows : — " As the ' allotment system' has become more common of late , I beg leave to let the public know : what may bo done by 'spade husbandry . ' William Inman . of Boltori , near Bradford , gardener , had two plots of crouad which , had been broken up two years , measuring together 248 yards—six yards more than the twentieth part of an acre—which he sowed with carrot seed last March , and reaped the crop ' the latter end of October , filling sixteen sacks with clean carrots , which weighed fourteen loads of 2521 b 3 ., and 11 stones ( 161 ba . per stone ) , which hesold for 8 s . per load , a market price , amounting to £ 5 18 s ., or the incredible sum of £ 115 10 s . per acre . N . B . — Mr . Innian ^ y ill allow any person to measure the ground , and will prove the quantity reaped if desired . " —Bradford Observer .
Destruction op the Mealy Buck—This formidable enemy may be extirpated without injury to vegetation 1 by a solution of soft soap , or soft soap and sulphur . 'Take a leaf with some of these pests on it , and smear it over with soft soap and sulphur , and it will almost immediately kill the insects . On account of the mealy bug , however , secreting itself and its larvae in very small chinks and crevices , it is difficult to destroy , it ; ahd this appears to set at defiance all attempts to extirpate it with one or two dressings , without recourse to something injurious to vegetation . However , it may be got rid of by persevering in the use of a solution of soft soap and sulphur , luke-warm , and applied with a painter ' s brush , rubbing it well into the crevices .
Dkbtruction of Oktes . —The inhabitants of the South of France and Italy , who cultivate on a large scale the olive tree , complain of the severe losses caused by insects , and which they seem unable to guard against . The olives are attacked by a small caterpillar , which penetrates into its kernel , on which it lives , and escapes , about the end of August , by an opening near the pedicle , and , by means of a thread which it spins , reaches the ground , where it undergoes its metamorphosis , and then becomes a butterfly . The caterpillar , in making the hole through which it escapes ) causes the peaicleto die , and the olive falls before it is ripe . Once on the ground the caterpillar seeks a dry leaf , or some crevice ; in the earth , constructs a light silken web , is changed into a chrysalis ,- and , in the space of from three to six days , the butterfly appears . At the
instant the caterpillar leaves the olive it meets with numerous enemies ; thusi—birds , while it hangs by . the thread ; ants , as soon as it reaches the earth ; and ,: finally , a small hyinenopterus deposits its eggs ^ on its bodv , and these produce small lame , which live on , and are developed at the expense of its flesh and fat , without attacking the vital parts . As soon , however , as they are completely developed they kill the caterpillar , or chrysaliB , and make under its skin from fifteen to tweirty oval webs . In order to destroy a great number of these kpidoptercB , the following plan may be followed i-r + At the end of August , when the caterpillar leaves [ the olives , a trench of about an inchor two in depth must be duf ? around the tree , and filled with dry leaves soasto turnish a convenient Mding-plac © for the caterpillar to form its web . In the beginning of September the leaves must be collected and burnt , and the trench filled up , 90 as to bury any that may remain under the clods .
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The Allotment SYb / KM in Worcestershire , — In the Morning Herald of the 13 th ult . was published a report of an influential meeting held at Worcester on the llth of the 5 same month , for the purpose of affording the benefits of the allotment system to the operatives of Worcester and its neighbourhood . A society was then established , under the ; presidency of the lord bishop , and a committee of management was appointed for carrying out the object in view . This committee has since been actively engaged in drawing up rules , procuring land , and other necessarybusiness , and Monday lastj ( December 23 ) was appointed to receive proposals from parties willing to take allotments . In proof of the anxiety evinced by the labouring classes to avail themselves of the system , we may now state applications of this nature were received from no less than 121 parties . These applications
were written upon a printed form prepared for the purpose , in which ; the applicants were required to state their name , ! age , occupation , residence ,. name and residence of their employer , rate of wages- per week , whether they were married or single , and what was the nmnber of their family , these particulars being asked for in order to guardagainst misrepreaenta tion . On comparing the returns with regard to wages * it was found that they varied from 4 s . to 21 s . per week . Grants of band for the purpose of allotments have been offered by several parties , and there is no doubt that' as much can be procured as is required . It is expected that Sir John Sebright , who is an extensive landed proprietor in the immediate vicinity of Worcester , and who has tried the allotment system upon a large scale , will grant a valuable piece of land close to theicity .
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DREADFUL SHIPWRECKS . Toulon , Dec . 17 . — The most extraordinary bad weather we hare experienced daring the past week has caused much damage along the coast , and pre vented many vessels from reaching their destination . Amongst others , the transport Menagere , which sailed from this port on the 6 th , for the Island of St . Marguerite , to take on board Arabian prisoners , and carry them to Algiers , has been obliged to return to Toulon to-day , with a leak and the loss of both her anchors and cables . The steamer Montezuma , Captain Fournier , from Algiers , was obliged to run into Port Mahon , with her paddle wheels broken and her boilers seriously damaged . The Montezuma left Port Mahon on the 14 th , and anchored in our roads this afternoon . She brings no newg of importance . The transport Expedition , Captain ^ Meniac , sailed from Toulon on the 2 nd for Rio Janeiro , was obliged to seek shelter in Port Mahon , much injured . Three thunderbolts fell on this vessel . The brig Jollet , from Nantes , also ran into Port Mahon ; the
lightning set fire to the vessel , and nearly burnt all her cargo . I have just learnt the loss of the following vessels yesterday , at the entrance of the Porte of Cette : —The Russian ship Helena , Captain Enlierg ; the Norwegian brig Iduna , Captain Peterson : the Dutch galliot Angelina , Captain Meendin ; and the French boat Josephine , Captain Lebriten , for Newfoundland . Ten vessels , whose names I could not learn , were lost at Agde , near to Cette . Amsterdam , Dec . 19 ih . — The ship Polly , which was stranded off Texel , on her way from Amsterdam to Newcastle , has arrived in the North Holland canal , near Blaawe Keet . The crew left on the 17 th , for the Nieuwe Diep . The Albion , Captain McKenzie , from Newcastle , is still safely moored off the Due d'Alven , near Rotterdam . On the 18 th inst . the Helvoetsluys was full of ice . On the 15 th the Catharina , Captain Mowle , of Liverpool , arrived off Egmondaan Zee , where the captain landed to procure
provisions . December 20 . —The English and French post did not arrive here to-day . The ship Catharina Jackson , of Baltimore , was towed up to Helvoetsluys yester day . The Texel yesterday was full- of drifting ice . Up to this day no tidings have reached this city of the ship Joanna , whicli left Elbing , for Hull , in August last . Extraordinary Shipwreck . —The Esk trader , Captain Stokes , left Newcastle on Saturday afternoon , shortly before high water , on her voyage to London , with a valuable general cargo . She was towed by two powerful steamers from the usual berth at Newcastle-quay down the riyer , and on rounding Whitehill-point , near Shields , she grounded , in consequence of taking the point too closely , On a
rocky bank , which extends some distance into the river . She heeled round and was towed off , as was supposed , with little damage . The steamers towed her slowly down the river and across the bar , without any leak being discovered . She being supposed all tight , went to sea . The wind blowing from the east , it was desirable to give her what is called " a good offing , " and she was towed out about seven miles . The steamers then left her , and in about an hour after it was discovered that she was making water rapidly . Thepvunps were entirely useless against the rapid ingress of water , and the long-boat was launched , into which the crew had just time to get
when the Esk went down . The crew were unable to save anything : , and had they not been prompt in launchingand getting into the boat , alt hands would have suffered . It was broad daylight , and several other vessels were near , into one of . which the crew were taken . It is supposed the vessel was strained by getting on the bank , and the heaving of the sea had caused her to spring a "bulk head . " It is somewhat remarkable that a vessel belonging to the same company , also called the Esk , likewise founderedat sea , when all hands perished , in her voyage from Newcastle to London , some years ago , and the vessel whicli foundered on Saturday last was built to supply her place .
Earthquake ix Savoy . — An earthquake of some violence was felt in Savoy during the night of the 10 th inst . At Rumilly and Chautagne the furniture in the apartments was so shaken that the glasses and other articles left on tables were thrown down . At Chambery , however , it was so slight , that it was perceived by only a very few persons . Suspected Poisoning , —Last week the oflicers of justice proceeded from Caen to Sallenelles , to effect the exhumation of the body of a female named Alexandre , the wife of an ex-mayor of that commune . Her death had taken p lace fifteen months before , and suspicions have arisen that her husband had poisoned her . He was arrested , and after being interrogated was lodged in the gaol of Caen .
The English in Rome . — A correspondent writes from Rome , that never before were there so many strangers in that city . There are said to be 4000 English families ; but this must be an exaggeration . The rents of houses and apartments are up at an enormous height . Novel Adventure . —A young gentleman of Troy , while on his way up the Hudson in the Swallow , thrust himself in his sleep through the small window in his berth , in the forward cabin , until his feet
touched the water . Coining out just in front of the paddle-wheel , where the spray moved rapidly , he awoke from his dream , and found he was situated in the midst of a horrid reality . He could not crawl back , so he shouted for help , but no one came . He then knocked on the window of the next berth , and finally roused up a person who gave the alarm . The captain supposed it was some insane man , and in * mediately lowered the boat , and the unfortunate man was rescued from his extraordinary situation . — American j > ar > cr .
Raising tub Wind . —During the bustle which prevailed at Alnwick fair , Northumberland , lately , a fellow had the courage to try the temper of the multitude by a new stratagem for raising the wind . His show-board was inscribed with the following intimation : —" ' Wonderfully curiosities ofneature ; you may see alive heer , the most wonderfullest cheiree-coloured cat , ; from Shropshire , and the stipenduous rose-coloured pigeon , fron the West of England . Also secrets worth nowing , by the proprietor . All for twopence . " Such prodigies , and at such a price , could not fail of attracting a crowd of spectators , who , on their admittance , were gravely shown a black cat and a white pigeon ; they then very naturally stared at each other , when the exhibitor , trusting to their good-humour , very confidently addressed them— " Naow , ladies and gennnen , I have
perfomi'd my promise we ' oe—for you must no as haow , there be black cherries and white rooases , and such be the colors of my cat and my plgeiv I have shoon you , moreover , a whole tent full o people not half so wise asthey think for , but wiser naow than when they came in ; and naow ( pulling off his hat ) I hopea you will keep my secret , and not make other folks outside as wise as yoursel , until they ha' paid for it , as you . Now , my secret is , that you have relieved a poor fellow at a trifling cost , that must ha' gone to bed supperless , with his woife and children , if you had hot ; and I ' m sure you are too good natured to be angry wi ' me for that . " Honest John Bull and his family did not disappoint him ; for each successive company went away in good humour , leaving others to enjoy the wonder at the same expense , and keep the secret in turn for their own sakes .
The Prince of Wales' Income . —Jt appears , from documents just prepared , pursuant to the order of Parliament , that the total revenues of the young Prince of Wales , the heir apparent to the British realms , amounted , in the year ending 31 st December last , to no less a sum ( from the two duchies of Cornwall and Lancaster ) than £ 73 , 100 and upwards . This is a tolerable revenue for a three-year-old Prince . What a fact to contrast by the side of thousands of others with reference to the condition of the oppressed and down-troddenlabourers of England I This sprig of royalty , not more than three years old , possessing an annual income of something like three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars ! while more than three millions of people are actually struggling with all the horrors of starvation and famine ! And where is this amount of monev Or value uroduced . and bv whom ?
In those slave shops , the English factorieSj and by those very wretched people who cannot themselves procure enough from their daily toil to keep them from a wretched death . And why is it that those who perform the labour wliich creates the value which supplies the income of this ignoble Prince , do not themselves receive it ? Alas ! the question is for them almost if not utterly useless . The fact is before us : and for our own admonition and on warning the question should be asked and answered . We see before our own eyes the same thing in miniature . The same influences are working out the same results ; and ere long we too may ask of ourselveB , why must the income of some of our wealthy manufacturers or merchants be so enormous , while we , by whose toil that income was produced , live and die in want and utter misery ? - —Boston fU . Sj Labourer .
The Improvements in Westminster . —On Friday ttie long-talked-of improvements which are to be effected from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham Palace were in reality commenced ,, a number of men being employed to pull down the houses on one side of Little Tothill-street . It is contemplated to remove those sinks of infamy—the Almonry , Orchard-street , Duck-laue—and to form one wide and spacious street from the west door of Westnun * e r-Abbey to the Buckingham Palace end of Pimlico . Orchard-street contains the remains of some of . tu ? oldest houses in Westminster , and a part of one of Oliver Cromwell ' s palaces still stands there .
Hollow ax ' s Pills akd Ointment . — Edward White , residing at 45 , Clement ' s-lane , Strand , was an indoor patient at King's College Hospital , with an abscess in the thigh , and a wound nine ^ ^ inches long on the auvae limb . He could neither' bend his knee or put hlsibot to the ground . He remained there for five months in bed , when he was infprmed ' that nothing could be done for , him . " He was then ^ carried to his home , and commenced twing the above invaluable medicines . He can now wa& about au the day long , and is quite cured by the jncansot these wonderful medicines , and thiato the wtonw 1 * ment of all who knew him .
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A FARTHING FOR REPEAL ! When a traveller finds that the farther he goes the more he increases Ms distance from the place of his destination , he is very apt to conclude that he is on the wrong road ; and the simplest of simple Re-Repealers must surely begin to marvel at this fact , that the farther they follow their guide , the farther off they are , by bis account , from their goal . The nearest way to Repeal would , indeed , seem , like the nearest way home , ) to be the farthest about . Last year it was to be had in six months ; a few days ago the cause jwas declared to be so prosperous that it was hardly possible that by any mismanagement it could miscarry ; but lo ! last Tuesday it was proclaimed that there must be more money , and three years was the ^ time talked of . Mr . O'Connell , unlike the sybil , raises his terms as he gets his prize . I
"' Give me six months of peace , and you shall have Repeal at the « nd Of it , " said he , in ' 43 . He got his get the Repeal . j six months of peace , —and the beguiled people did not '' The cause is in so fair a way that it is hardlv possible you can by any mismanagement lose it , " was the next assurance . This was a great comfort ; for it promised that the thing would require no further trouble , and carry itself . But what comes next is in quite another note . " Give £ 50 , 000 ( a year for three years , and you shall have all you want . "
Will not six months of peace do as well now as in ' 43 , for peace hats the advantage over £ 50 , 000 a year of requiring no contributions ? And as the cause was but ; a few days ago so flourishing that it could be hardly so mismanaged as to miscarry , how can it possibly want £ 50 , 000 a year for three years ? Leave well alone . But let us hear Mr . 0 'Council ' s bast proclamation : — " The year ' 43 was th& year of monster meetings —" 14 that of patient forbearance and peaceful determination . Let ' 45 be that of Repeal organization and weekly collections . Let there be a collection from
every district , if it bp only £ 1 , a shilling —~ ay , a penny . Vfho was there who could not pay a farthing a week ? ( 'No one . ' ) Then jlet every man do so . ( Cheers , ) If every man in Ireland paid a shilling a year , it was all he asked , for it would amount to £ 100 , 000 a year . Let every man in Ireland consider thai he otoed a farthing io his country . How littlef would it be to him , but of what iucxhuustiblu advantage to Old Ireland !—( Cheers . ) If there was a collection of £ 50 , 000 for three years , there did not ewist in Europe a -statesman so stupid as not to see that the time had arrived when Ireland could no longer be refused her rights , " I
We are come to that scene in the play where Iago says to Roderigo— \ " I have professed me thy friend , and I confess me knit to thy deserving with cables of perdurable toughness . / could neiicr better stead thee than now . Put money in thy purse—I say , put money in thy purse . " In tho Irish reading , it h put money in my purse ; but we have the text without variance in the next speech : " Thus do I ever make my fool my purse . " . = It ia in an act to which we have not yet come that the dupe begins ! to complain— "Every day thou doff ' st me with some device—your words and performances are no kin together—I have wasted myself out of my means , j and begin to find myself fobb » d in it . " !
There is far more of the quack , however , than of the Iago in Mr . O'Connell ; and the apter illustration is Scott ' s Dpusterswivel , the alchymist , who drains his dupo of his last guinea , promisin g always that the { jresout contribution called for is all that " is wanting tor the perfecting of the wondrous work just on the point of projection . The story ia always the same— | " Since I have consulted in such matters , I have never , ' said Mr . Herman Dousturswivel , " approached so near de arcanum , what you call de great mystery , —de Panchrcsta —de Polychresta—JT do kaow as much of it as Pelaso de Taranta , or Basilius—and either I will bring you in two and tree days de Nb . III . of Mr . Mishdigoat , or yod shall call me one knave niyself , and never look me in de face auain no more at all . "
And what was jsaid of this class of adventurers in the main exactly fits our Repeal charlatan—Artem habent sine arte , jxirtem sine parte , quoiiim medium est mentiri , vitaeonim mendicatwn ire . The simplest of Repealers will see how unnecessary it is for him to answer the call for the farthing for Repeal , bearing iii mind that it is scarcely possible so to mismanage jthe cause as to mar it . He" may therefore , with perfect safety , keep his farthing in his pocket , resting } assured that it will make no difference , one way or the other , in the progress of so indestructible a cause . The question , as Irishmen have been told by their great authority , is too
flourishing to be spoiled by mismanagement ; but the peasant ' s state , not so happy , will hardly bear the mismanagement of even a farthing . Let him , therefore , look to his farthing , and hold to his farthing , and feel easy about Repeal . } We will not pretend to assess the value of a Collegegreen Parliament , j It may be worth three farthings to people of green ; longings ; but what seems to us unreasonable is the requsition of a farthing , or any fraction of a farthing , for a thing declared so certain , so inevitable . As ] well call upon poor folka to subscribe a farthing for the rising or the sun ; they would do better to spend it in a rushlight for the intervening hours of darkness .
Is there a banker in Christendom wko would give three farthings forithis note of hand?—{ Derrynane , Dec . 16 , 1844 . Three years after date I promise to pay to Patrick or his order a Parliament in College-green , for value received . !
£ 0 0 OJ . Don Quixote ' s bill for ass-colts , at three months after date , was a negotiable and eb ' gible security compared with thi * J We know that we shall have our Parliament sitting in Westminster next February , and would we give a farthing for it ? jCertainly not , or our next of kin would soon clap usin a mad-house as incompetent to manage our affairs . And how much more reason is there fo * the Irishman ' s sticking to his farthing , ooking either at the value of Parliaments , or probability of events ? No ; but keep your farthing in your pouch . A farthing in the hand is better than any number of Parliaments in the College green bush . The Repeal button has distinctly signified thus far and no farther shalt thou go—the button for Repoal : and button up your farthing safe with that token .
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Anotheb of Peel ' s Difficulties . —Save me fbom mt Friends !—Fair Plat for Ireland . —Ireland is deprived of her fair proportion of influence and pow , er in the administration of public affairs . Irishmen arc treated with neglect and scorn . The Queen ' s cabinet contains not a single Irishman . The subordinate officers of the Government , with the exception of the petty place assignfed to Mr . Emerson Tennant , and two or three morejof " such small deer , " are exclusively held b y English and Scotch . From all public departments in Great Britain , Irishmen are excluded , whilst English and Scotch officials shoulder them out of the direction ! of affairs in their own country .
Towards the liberal professions the same partial course is pursued : j and never was it pursued with a more unvarying monopoly than within the last four years . Next conies the Ohurch , towards which the rule is rigidly enforced—namely , that Englishmen are wor thy to be set in the highest offices in Ireland , but no Irish clergyman entitled to aspire to the meanest preferment being in the gift of Government . Did any one ever j hear of an Irish clergyman being made an English bishop , or an English dean ? The difficulty experienced by Irish gentlemen in procuring the promotion of jtheir sons m the Royal Navy , is almost as ereat . as if the < run room wcre ' a rathftrfral
and every midshipman a holden prebendary . Even the Army , which ib indebted in a great degree for its high renown and pre-eminence to the valour and conduct of Irish gentlemen , » now assuming the character of an exclusively British institution . Numerous complaints have ireached us from quarters of the highest rank and respectability , of the influence of national ^ partiality at the Horse Guards . Irish gentlemen in vain solicit permission to purchase commissions for their ] sons . The answer they receive is inVariably the same—fall of smooth hope , delusive promise , ending lin nothing . These things tend to make the Repealjmovement the formidable engine of anarchy it is . — Dublin Evening Mail .
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6 * ....,. ; THE NORTHERN STAR .. i December < 28 , ; il # 4 * L ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 28, 1844, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct688/page/6/
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