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INQUEST AT NOTTINGHAM WORKHOUSE . In consequence of several children having died in & shot-, space of time in the Union Workhouse , and information being conveyed to tbe Coroner , Mr . M . Browne th& : there "were reasons fqr belieTing their deaths bad been caused or accelerated by tbe crowded state of the rooius , that gentleman gununoBed a jury on Honday afte-noon , to hold an inquest on tbe body of one , a child namttt Porter . S -me difficulty was occasioned on the jury entering tile deacMiottge , in consequence of the bodies of three Children being there , and it not be ing knows which was * he light oae . Oa their return to the board room , the following evidence vat beard . — ' ' .
Ei'Zibeth Porter , an innate of tie poor house , linglelronian , said , I have lived in the workhouse going for eight months , and I « ub the motiier of Robert Porter ,, the u ceased . He vu six months old last" S ^ tferday , and i * d pretty food health . Last T ^ ednesday bat one be oe ^ nn to be ill . He had & Tery bad cough jmd a ateffi-gathis chest . I applied to Mr . Stanger , the doctor , ob tbe day tbe child ni taken ill . The child w -ander Mr . St * nger * s care until last Monday night , whei ; he died at ten o ' clock , t perceived the child to be ill first in the night time . Tvu sleeping in the top EBg :--wDmiB ' 8 room in a little hospital bed : 'That is a narrow bed . No one slept la the same bed bat I and my bat » y . There were more beds in Hie room , seven big cnea , and two little one * . Is tbe big beds four
persons slept in each , and in the little ones two . When I say four persons in a bed , I tneas two women and two children . 1 was ordered into the children ' s sick hospital , and remained there from the day the . child was uiken ill until it died . I had slept In the top singlewomaa ' a room ever since I came out of the lyingin room sntil the child was takes iH . 1 bad been In tbe bottoa room in the day time ; that is at the bottom of the steps leading up to the bedroem . Theri hare bees 10 ? and 3 /> 8 wr > men and children in that room at once . I thiak there were 100 persons is that room the s&oraing my child wis taken ill That was the room la whici I generally passed my time when not at work . That was the only room I had a right to be in during the day time . When I was at work & woman cursed
tee child in tbe room until it was taken ilL I have no compiainVto make ot the medieal attendant 1 have been -allowed to be with tbe child constantly since it was t ken ffl . Tbe number * hiTe Taried very considerably m the bottom room , sometimes twice as many &a at other times . I can giTe no idea at all u-to ihe aTerage numbers in the room . We were generally , prett } thick in the room Ssmetimes many of us bad sot noni to ait down . That was sot a Tery common thing . The room was cleaned erery morning , and kept B » eei and dean . The windows are always open , and the air I -think was pretty good in tbe room . Tfceehild has Bt-ver been absent from me a minute sines it was birn except when I was at work . The child had bad a bad cough and hoarseness about a month .
G ? orze Eaton Stasger , of Nottingham , s&id , I am One of the surgeons attending the Nottingham Union . I attend up » n the children ' s hospital in tbe Union Poor House . Robert Porter was under nay care ^ . The earliest date 1 find of his being under my care is Friday , the 2 Ctb of November . I believe from the entry I made in the bu ^ k that he was labouring under some affection of the cbesfc I ordered him to hate'an emetic , and . to be removed into a separate apartment with a fire . in it There wen seTeral children attacked at the same time . I ana Eft sure that he was removed on tbe Friday . I belieTe That he Wa * on the Sunday .- He ; bar * beea under niy-csre evei since . He has been labouring nnder iiifl . am-. uaa . oa of the Iuebb , and I belieTe from that be baa died . . I occasionally go into the siBgiewomtn ' s day
room . I belieTe tbe children ( infants of singlewomes ) are kept there . That room has been a £ 0 ? d deal crowded -of late . The pervona in that rboin dpen the windows to counteract the effect * o £ the confined air ,. and the drafts from those" wiadows I think Tery likely to oriirfnate inflammatory affections . I should not say that the air ia that room is particularly bad . I be-Here it U baintabie . I In . re been in the singly women ' s sleeping rooms , if as many as thirty women and children "were sleeping in that room , 1 conceiTe it would not be in a healthful state . I do not recollect ever being in that room during the night A child might be labouring under an icflunrafttory action of tbe bronchial tubes for some time without say particular notice being taken of it by the parent Sapposiwr a
child to be labouring under such . icfl ^ mmaie . ry action , and liring in the low room daring the day and tbe single ^ omeo > room daring the night , ' _ L 4 hink it would make it worse . ' I may stats that I think ib tbis case , as weli as others 1 had at the time , the weather Jtia 4 a great aealtodo with producing disease . Dr . Davidson , the honorary physician for the week , « w ths child on Sunday week . The hospital toTrhich tbe child was removed U a Tery fit place for the reception of a , limited nuaber of sick person * . It was inside as comfortable u eirenmitances would allow . We bad . fflore in It than we ought to have had . We bad several persons there during the day who slept ia the oUr » rooms during the night Sapposing the child bad-been tebourisg Buder low itfl msmfttory action of tbe tangs for a
rn « cth before I saw it , I beliere the kfiuHrmtion would have been increased by the . Ti ^ ated sir of the lower room daring the day , and the sleeping room daring the night I conceiTe the vitiated air of the To 0 tos , and tie state of tbe weather , were both concerned in producing disease in the child . I do not know that it had been exposed to the atmosphere . I know that tbe child has been hi tbe lower and upper rooms , and the state of the atmotphere would affect this sir in those rooms . Daring tbe ¦ anfavoBra . ble state of tbe weather for several weeks past , 1 think a month , 1 caa most eonfi&eiit \ j state my opinion , that the upper room , the ' etnglewotn&n's sleeping room , and tbe lower oar day room , were not fit for the number of persona who were in them . I was not in Nottingham a month mgo . J returned en the 22 nd of November . I know
the rooms'well . I do not know the dimensions of the rooms . For the las ; week or ten days I consider they have been in averj unhealthy state . I haTe mentioned to the Board of Guardians that the bouse was not ia a health ? state before the child died . That wsfi more p&rt ' culariy as to the children ' s apartments , where this child was not There has been a Tery considerable diminution in the numbea since then , which is about t « n days ago , and a great improvement in the healthy State of fife house . The lo-wer wx > m T hsTe spoken of is appropriated to single women who baTe children , and I belieTe a great portion of them go out of that room to werk in different part * of tbe bouse ! I consider that the latter part of the year , since the number of inmates has been increased , the house has been unhealthy ; bat
considering -the number of persons in tbe house in the earlier part of the year , I consider the house was Tery beaithy . I eoudder the house was in a Tery healthy state for a great many months ; I considered it Tery healthj \ Diseases of the chest are Tery prevalent at this time of the year . It is not uncommon for children o die of tbe same disease -who are sot in tbe house . 1 think that twenty-five persons might be in tbe lower room and healthy ; it would depend on circumstances If it were well washed acd clean , as it is , it would be healthy . I think- 1 certainly should hesitate to give an opinion , that the state of the air in the bouse
produced the disease or death of the child . 1 think tbe opening the windows of tbe room would make tbe air in it more pvre . I do not know that any death has been the result of the state of the house . I think tbe necessity for opening the windows in this weather is a proof that tbe air in the room was not good . It is lather remarkable , that I haTe had , I thick , eighteen eases of disease similar to what this child bos died from , in the house , -whilst ia the district to -which I attend out of the bouse , during the 8 &me time , I Lavs not bad more than two or three . I cannot account foi it any other way than that the state of the house * musi haTe a eood deal to do with it
John Mitchell D-iTjdsoa , M . D ., Nottingham , said , am one of tbe honorary physician * to tbe Koitinghai Poor Law Union . Last Sunday week , I saw seTer ¦ children iu the children ' s hospital ; . it is a room lateJ appropriated for that purpose . 1 must say , that never , in the coarse of my professional life , saw a mo : distressing sight—so many infanta { under twelve monU old ) sick , . congregated together . I found the roo : close and offensive . I cannot say the present numb * of children in the room . I thiak I have nevti attend ? an institution where there were so many children as : tide house . I think decidedly that ten mothers ai children in that room too many ; all the children ' whom my attention was directed were labouring nnd inflammatory action of the chest , especially of tbe bro
chial mucus membranes , accompanied in every case wi great general prostration of strength , so as to precla at that time the use of acti-re remedies . I consult with Mr . Stanger aa to tbe treatment advisable und the circumstances . I expressed an opinion that t fHyfl ** -which I saw was increased by the circumatanc under which tbe children had been placed , rendering more intractable . Children living in an impure-atm < pbere , bear disease worse , and beir remedies won I then told Mr . Staogor , that I considered the medic treatment admissible in their state was of a Tery limit extent ; that a purer atmosphere was the best-xnedici lot them . I have seen some of tbe children since , know tbe single women's day room ; I haTe frequent been in it . I think 1 never was in it without find !
too many persons there ; ii was so to-day , whan number of women were out , and at the workhouse , know the single women's sleeping room . I have been ii repeatedly . I think fifteen women and fifteen childi too many to sleep in that room , for it to be in a healt state . 1 never haTe known that room when there hi been so few sleeping in it as to render it safe . have been a honorary medical officer about a year s nine mouths . I have frequently been in tt » rooms tbe bouse—I mean tbe two rooms , tbe single wome day aod sleeping rooms . Latterly , I bare sot e > aidered them healthy ; sometimes I bare conside them renuLrk * b ^ h « althy , eooBidering thecircnmstani
If a child oi six naotbs fid ot under , -wen to apt its t"sft during , the day in tbe single women ' s day-roc tad sleeping at night iu the single women ' s sleepi loom , I do * ot consider it likely that it would be 1 baalthy state . I consider it owinj , in a gnat meaw to tha gBMfe ^ waad de « nUnea » , that they baTe beei bJsjsfcfcisMfcbaTa . A child living 1 n those roo 1 rv *" 1 'l'lHl mon susceptible of disease from P *" * wilBRBBn changes of temperature , bees ito feneci §^^ £ B prould be impaired . -Pr » m whi ¦ T of th !| 9 Di&Ei Sunday week , I was oet at smprijea to ^ GHfiMfee deaths of those who haTe die tbe * " ^ pWlHHpiQg for Breath . I do not i tbst JOm iWSMg&k O » ooms produced the diaei - ¦ ' ^^~ jF ^^ % WKit . " * ' * ' 5 ^ 5- *?
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but I think the children would be more liable to be acted upon by atmospheric changes , as well as less able to bear the disease , And on that aeeonnt I suppose the state of tb » atmosphere in-these room * may , have had some operation in the childVdsath . I thick seTeral circumstances haTe l&ttlr " contributed $ o render those roams unhealthy ; tbe crowded state of tbe house . " ; the state of the weather , confining tbfl people to the rooms , and tending to keep , the mndowa and other means of ventilation , closed . . i ' am decidedly of opinion that ihese causes hate had , an effect , as I am enablad . to ? ee from my professional fmoda , there baa not t > een ajything like . the . same proportion of leases , similar tp these , amoBgst children at tbe breast in privsta ' practiee . It baa always jbeen my opinion that I bra fonnd the rooms in tpo crewded a state . 1 anVawa » e the sumber in tbe house has bees considerably rednoed , and ¦ ¦
I oertalnly consider tbe room less unhealthy . ,.--. . Absalom Barnet , master of the Nqttingbam , Union poor-house , juid , I haTe just measured : tbe , single woman ' s day-room ; it it eighteen feet long » hjei * - teeefeet wide , ' and about ttn feet high ; tbe aleepiof room Is jdxteei »; feet ^ long ^ by sixteen feet wide , and about ten feet high . . Verdict— " Died in the sajd XTnion poor-boose , from inflammation of the chest ; and that the said Robert Porter appears to baye , been rendered more . susceptible of disease , and Jess able to , bear the Application , of active remedies , when "under disease , from having li . Ted fa certain rooms . in tbe said Union poor-house not adapted to the reception of the , jQumbtr bt P ^ QP * required to live and Bletp therein ; and . tijia inque » t strosgly recommend immediate stspa t j jbe taken , to > i * Teut a recurrence of death from tbe eaxisas--which ' aave accelerated ' the death of the saiilBobeit Portaz . "
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have had from him . Thi ^ i& a commen . rfccorrenpe about Middle ton and the nelghbourhod . Many traveller * haTe giTen up the trade—their once good customers now inopoTerifihed , tbeir purchaae » very small and bad debt * tendering the trade a ruinoa » one to f hfjft n ^^ agftfi <« < t- ., ...: i . : ' : : ¦ ' Shopb : « jsi * Ks AiTD PapTrsroif jbKitiHg . i- ! i ; lTiw quantity of meal sold in' proportion to then our I * much greater than ii used to be half a do « n ' or three or four years ago . Sejls mt ^ ch less of cheese and sagar , and sot more tbsritwo ^ ttilrds ofhis former sate ; and not more than ' half the tobacce . ' < The quantity , of malt ia reduo ? d » one-tnird 61 hlir Ale in better times . DebU " cannot be paid ; many honest and Industrious customers fiai * debts standing firer t ^ lme * mend ;
2 , More meal lo proporapn to the Soar aold now thai ) a few yean agp . Hla cMtoinera buy half a pound ; pound of meal , at once , 4 f they » re abie . ^ Much lets' tea' sold ; sugar one-half " lesi ; iohftcco one-third less . 'Hew butter not much bought ; . * Ut cheaper ; often none used . ' in cheese the " reduction is one-half . Bread sold in pennyworths commonly ; , ' all tbe common articles of food M > ld ' now in Tery small ^ uantitiea Debt siandfng over till ' better times . ' Only spite ope load of malt where heused to » eli four ., ^ Boy c ame for three balfpe £ ( DT worths , of peal in rags ; famtyjr of sevea , sofcer and indaabiou »; at most . wagej wj ^ ufpW wtrklis . loiii pir > eek ; father 7 s . or 8 s .,. two boy » eatzT 4 s , with setting cards . Daly x > ne bed lot ' ssTen , persons ; no nbBe . of iinproTement . '„ ¦ ,. ' ' , l . ' \\ ¦ .
.. 8 . Doable quantity pf meal and coarse flour sold in proportion to the whole quantity tot bread . -Cnttomer -wborused to b » y a . pound of sugar now boy a penny * worth , or » quarter of j a pound for ; twopense * , Tea said in quantities as small as half a quarter of an ounce , for , ft halfpenny .. Butter w low as a halfpenny or a penny ; bacon a penny , or a quarter of a pound for twopenos . F » ur or five , in a-family ttsod forhiif an oat-Cidce . worth one halfpenny , with , bit « amd scrapi of ba « on , woith a . hatfpeony or a penny mor * Meal aelto most in quantities of on « . pound « acb . Only sall « half as much cheese as foraerly , and of a lower quality j At bxtakfast and dinner boors many come in for-a halfpenny er a peapy / worth of bread . Debts cannot be collected . Knows that many of bia customers » r » abort of food ; bears many a curse m the destitute part . witb their las ^ coin for half a meal for thenlselves and tbeir children . Wishes Sir Bobert Peel might stand in his bop for one day , and wiilgladly lei any gentleman do to who doubta anj part of this statement
-. Bti ^ cHEK * , SKiNNtfns , "knq > TawnbhS , —Ultimate that four yean ago ' lSO beasts were killed weekly in the parish , of Rochdale ; taow not more . than B ' 5 tb TO are klUfed . Bheep aad pigs 'tjjuJbIj feifer : ; Poor ^> lecea eagerly bonghV ; good joints ;^ difficult ofl « 4 le . " : Cu % - tomers , buy alpennyworth or two-penny worth of Wta of suet or steak . Cann » t bny more . The condition fcf tbe population Tery much worse than four years go- ; . - J' / ' . : - ) . ; DiaFENSART . —The reports of the Dispensary exhibit a Tery serious increase of tbe number . 'of applicants for medical assistance . In 1835 tbe applicants
were 1 , 809 , and in 3840 not less than 2 , 4 * 4 . Tbe Good Samaritan Society exhibited the same symptoms of distress . In tbe three years ending 1837 , the nun ) - bers relieved were 607 , while in the three years ending 1 S 40 they had increased to 963 , and the increase of expenditure in ISil over that of 1835 , was £ 1 , 322 , or 1 X 6 pet cent The Poor-rates in Scotland township in iASfi trere £ 4 , 638 , while " in 184 » they amounted to £ 6 , 333 . The committals by the * Magistrates bad increased in the three dear years , aa compared with the three cheap years , by 502 cases ' , or 67 per cent
Tbe wages in tbe cotton trade are now coming down , and the decline' is already from 12 to 15 per cent within a few months . Many persons are unarapioyed , and there is no prospect of any . change far the better . . .. . . . Susgkon's Opinion . —We , the undersigned , we of opinion that , owing to the high price of food and want of employment , the labouring classes ia the borougb of Rochdale and its neighbourhood are now snnering great and increasing priT&tioas . , lhatthey are in great turnbers unable to obtain wholesome foed sufficient quanr
ttty to maintain thtaa in health , aad thua tbfiytwe predisposed to disease and Tendered unable to realst its attacks . That affections ud disenes of tbe akin , with many others , are caused by a poor supply of food , and hy innutritions food , and that many ease * of appallfogdistress andsufiferiog come almott daily under our notice ; In these rasped * ^ h » population amongst whom we practice arein . amoch worse position now thai they were five or six years ago ; and that , for three year * past , their oondit'on has been gradually sinking , and we never knew , them in bo bad ft atote at say former
T . H . Wardlewobth , Robert Btkbr . Gsoeoe Morris , WlLlES DUKIiOP . Rochdale , Dec 13 th , 1841 .
PJlESXOff . , Although Preston has not -suffered to" the same extent as many other manufacturing towns , yet , as evidences of tbe deterioration / of its trade and the sufferings of tbe people , I present you with tbe following statement on which yen may rely . Last year Hie collectors of poors ' -ratea returned the unoccupied houses as 1 , 230 . Although tu « y have p . ot quite finished the delivery of the tickets for the ptesent half-year , they stated that there will be at . least an additional 400 houses empty , so that we have now upwards of 1 , 600 houses without tenants . It would be difficult to state with oertataty the number of perseni out of work . Last spring an anti-Corn Lvw petition was signed by 1 200 of this class . The number I am certain is now more than doubled .
Last year the tost of maintaining the poor was higher than in tbe previous years , but the oat-relief is now 55 per cent , and the in-door relief 41 per cent more than at this time last year . Even young men , akilled artisans , are begging every week for admission into the workhouse . , The number of patients admitted into tbe Preston Dispensary not only sbowa ¦ tbe increase of sickness Among tbe poor , but plainly points oat the periods of cheap food as decidedly favourable to health : — Number of cases . —la 1833 , 2 , 481 ; 3833 , 2 , 207 ; 1834 , 2 , 400 ; 1835 , 2 308 ; 1838 , 1 , 910 ; 1837 , 2374 ; 1838 , 2 , 293 ; 1839 , 2 , 431 ; 1840 , 3 , 072 ; 1841 , 3 . S 78 .
Tbe bills of mortality for ' the parish show , that while the baptisms haTe increased in about the same ratio as the population , the burials are more thnn doable the number in 1840 compared with 1841 . Tbe incteaseof mortality ia seen from the following returns for Preston for the four years since the new registration was introduced -. —Number of deaths—1838 , 1 , 269 ; 1839 , 1 , 277 ; 1840 , 1 , 739 ; 1841 , 1 , 729 . Tbe following account of the number of cases tried for felony at the Preston sessions from 1831 to 1841 , clearly mark the cheap and dear years in their influence
unon crime : — In the year 1831 , 348 cases ; in 1833 , 224 eases ; in 1833 , 198 cases ; in 1834 , 24 a cases ; in 183 & . 108 cases ; in 1836 , 187 cases ; in 1637 , 277 cases , In 1838 . 308 cases ; in 1835 , 328 cases ; in 1840 , 360 eases ; in 1838 , 866 cases ; in 1841 , 421 cases . This increase has been principally from those residing in the town , as will appear from the following : — Cases of Felony from Presto , n . In the year 1835 , 18 ; 1836 , 27 ; in 1837 , 84 ; in 1838 , 108 ; in 1839 , 112 ; in 1840 , 160 ; in 1841 , 144 . This alarming increase is attributed by some to the increase of dram-shops , concert-rooms , &c , but when I consider the great increase of churches , chapels , schools , aod moral institutes , which ought to be in tbeir eounteracting itfluence , I cannot help attributing much of this increase to the want of employment > caused by tbe pressure of the times , and which alwayB falls first upon the idle and dissolute .
The wages of spinners have been reduced this year about ten per cent , with a probability of a still greater reduction . Tbe wages of tbe weaver fell twenty-five per cent , during the present year . Some manufacturers have closed , and many others are regularly reducing the number of their bands . Wearers are wandering about and willing to take work at any price . Every body ' s spirits are down ; the shopkeepers are complaining bitterly , and the small farms in tbe neighbourhood , owing to bad seasons and heavy taxes , are fast sinking into ruin . A subscription has been raised ,
s # up , meal , clothing , aud bedding an being given to the poor . I visit the houses of the poor every week , but to give you a description of the poor living and the miserable furniture [ it such it can be called ) , of thfe wretched bedding , of the amount of human wretchedness and misery which I find amongst them , would exceed all belitf unless it were witnessed . I took the Rev . Mr . Spencer and J . Curtis , Esq ., when here , to see some of these cases , and they seemed astonished at the scenes of human misery , as well as Christian patience exhibited by these poor people .
Owners if cottage property can scarcely get any tent , and distress sales are freqnont I asked oae of tbe collectors to give me the returns of tbe amounts of some of his distress sales . He handed me the following statement of the gross sums received at thirteen different sales within the last two months : — 1 st , £ 1 lls . ; 2 nd , lls . 2 ^ d . ; 3 rd , £ 2 8 s . ; 4 th , 3 s . 4 . } d . ; 5 th , 14 s . 2 d . ; 6 lb , 8 s . 3 £ d . ; 7 th , 12 s . 6 } d . ; 8 tb , 7 s . 4 d . ; 8 th , 2 g . 8 d . ; 10 th , 12 s . 3 d . ; 11 th , 7 a . 10 Jd . ; 12 th , 13 * . Id . ; lSlh , «»• 3 d . V , a » j be necessary to explain that the sal * which produced £ 2 8 s ., wa * in tbe case of a small * hopkeep « r When it is considered that the miserable bedding and furniture of * wh&le family will not fetch mom than £ , % 8 s » * s . 8 d ., or 3 s . 4 d ., or scarcely in aaumut to more than SOs , can w wonder at the peprariosi of tb « boms marks * f .:: ¦ .: " . - - ' ¦ ,
Indeed w » -rein » dreadful * taie , sad slttioagh apparently as qoietas dMih , tbe feeling of dlasfifcttonk impidljr progr « ing Oar sinking is aumls ia act leas rapid than that in refereact to out phyiical eondiUon J . Litesbt . Preston , Dee . 15 , 1841 . OSWALDTWISTLB , IK THE PARISH OP WHALLKT . PopuIkUon 6 , 509 . Tbeie are 1 , 177 individuals , constituting 243 families , whose average earnings per week are Is . Sid . Ko account was tiken of any family where
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the * vrnlng >; apfbunt ^ d exceeded s . per for each indiTiduai , and a great number were joat over that ; limit ' ' - ; ¦ ; : ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ; : - . ¦ ; . , . ¦ The «« neral destltotlon is great In some eases tbe Tisltors found only on « bed for ten i persona , without a particle of core 4 ntT , and in many inttinoes , four , five , and six bad tooccuny one bed , with nothinf to throw over them . A great mai whose earnings are more than 2 a . are . almest mutely desUtot *! of bed * and clothing . ' ¦" . "' . ¦ : ' ¦ ¦ . ¦ ; .: , ,. ; ¦ , ' v ' . ; . ' . / .. ¦ ' ^ -. U- \ - ,. . . ' ¦ - " .. - ¦ ' ¦ :- - . . The scenes , of misery ,, ' destitution * aa 4 W »» twjjednesa which the tIsIjjois have witnessed , they would h ^ ojpe are without ' ft parallel , and there appears > t present no prospect , of anjf amendment , but fear ^ hat eyen the small pittance whlcli . niany are enabled to obtain ; will be yet furthCT reducfed . ' '• • ' . , ' :. ' :, ¦ -.: . ' : : y-. ' r ,-:.:. : ; . . About £ 280 Bave"been collected in aid of the suffering poor of tbe district Sir Robert , PeeJ owna land in the parish frbmwWch he draws in rent about ^ 2 , 000 a-year . I ' understand that he has giTeB the V p ^ ricely ; donation , from thei aboVesum . of £ 20 towards the relief ofthepbor .- - - ' '' :- ' : ^ ' ' - ' ¦ ¦• ' ; ¦ ¦ ' : ' : ' ; v : '; . . - . DeeeiabW'lStii , 1841 ;'
Glossop . —Since 1836 the reduction in wages has been on spinning 25 per cent , on card-rbom haodff 13 percent , on power-loam weaTing ; l * per eent-. With ' regard to the numbets employed , only one part of tbe n «! gbbourhood bas . , aa yet been taken . But , judging from the one that baa been i taken , ' I should say that the number of unemployed in the manor is about 700 . The number of miltonot . worldngiifllS . Oaacconnt of tbe badness of trade there is nobuilding goingon , and aU _ n » soDflJpinerj . &ft .. in tba ^ l gbbpoThoodarevn ^ or ' wotfe . Bub noW there is a great number of house * ucinhabited , and the depression , 0 ^ all kinds pf property kas . been very great . 1 tb ) nk I may / safely say that there ia . ^ not a aipglf 1 ' spinuei ^ or manufacturer who is not carrying' on h ^ fl Easiness ai a loss , and in many cases * very great one .. ; ¦
¦ , i > . 1 : . .. . ,. - . ¦ ,.,,,. ¦¦ - w ** - .. . -- ., ¦ ¦ ,. ¦ - A . reduction of the wages of factory hands to the amount of 12 per cent has taken place in the last two yean . Ia and adjoining Hyde , factories heretofore employing 1 . 70 D bands are entirely stopped , and others employing 4 , 000 hands are working only four days a weefc . Almost ail tbe carpenters , masons , bricklayers , maebme ; niakers ,, and , many other art )» ns and , common labourers are suffering from want of employment There are > ix cotton factories and one print works not working , crime his considerably increased . All the manufaotairers ' ' hare been . obliKed to work , their machinery
witbifewer han 3 e » and . have discharged , every person with whom they . oould posa \ b ) jr dispense . Many workpeople w ^ o had bi ^ twttogeo have beeu oWteed tcTeeU them . Emigration ^ s \ going on Aioie extcajafvely from this neighbourhood than at any , former peiiod . Many of the steadfesJ f ajid . most skilful bperatiTea are included amongst the emigran , ts . Hyde , until lately , has been remarkable for being one of the most prosperous manufacturing districts ; but there is now a marked difference in the comforts and appearance of the inhabitants , and the distress among the working classes is rapidly increasing . .
HAMLET . AND SUBURBS OF HO 38 LET . Population , 8 , Oep ; houses , 1 , 550 ; unoccupied houses , 140 ; mills workbg , 37 ; partiaHy working , < J entirely stopped , 8 ; working full time , 7 ; working short time , 22 ; hands employed , 2 800 ; bands unemployed , 45 Q . Wages . —The decreasa in tbe wages of cotton hands during the last tan years ia 25 percent The decrease in the wages of woollen hands for the aauie tlm& ia 45 percent ' [[ , ' ; ' . ''¦'¦ ;¦• :, '¦ ,: ' ; . .. ¦ . ... . . ;¦ - . - Condition . —The want of employment , and the general working of abort time , cause the district to be iiia very deplombUr etate . There are manyfiunUies to the deepest distrees . Shopkeepers and tradesmen of all k . indB cry out most bitterly ; complaints are universally prevalent and prospects for the future exceedingly dark and gloomy , and altogether ¦ things asem to bo on a fearful system of the downward " sliding scale . " , '
¦ ¦; .- . ¦ ¦ . . BURY .. . . , ¦¦ .. .. ¦ Wages paid by Wages paid by B . Walker , Smith , Walker * Brother , and , . Qo ,,. ma- engineers and iron ¦ chine-makers . . founders . Total . 1836 . £ 22 , 03 » £ 23 414 £ 46 , 643 1837 ... j 16 , 774 < ..,. 19 , 914 » . 36 , 687 1838 20 , 36 * .... 27 , 200 , 47 , 665 1839 ......... 14 219 25 784 40 . 1840 ........: 11 , 124 .. 17 , 709 , 28 , 833 ' 1841 .. ' ; ...... ; 10 , 546 ............ 13 , 2 5 * » ..... „ ; 2 a , 804 The wages for the last few weeks have only averaged £ 350 a Week , with every prospect of a still further-Kiting off . T , be only ft'twation in the rate of wages 1 s amongst the meohanios , ' but : that will not amount to mow than five per cent , upon the present gross payments . The machine-making establishment ha been almost entirely employed in making self-aetiEg mules , or altering old ' mules ' was to work upoa that principle . . ' .., '
LEIGH , The greater part of the working population is employed In silk weaving , ¦ and tbe wages paid are BQminally tbe same « ala-18 S 6 ; but since that period tbe trade has experienced numerous and ; ( great 1 : depre £ . sions , during which' heavy deduction * bate' been made from the wages of weaTers . The cotton wearers em * ' ployed haTe had their wagM reduced- about 20 to 25 per cent since 1836 , and they now receive 5 s . for weaving a d « sc » lptlon of cloth for which' 30 s . were-regularly paid to 1816 . An able-bodied and clever
Workman does not earn more than 5 s . per week in this branch . It is calculated that there are 3 , $ 00 looms out of employment during the last three months , and perhaps about 4 , 000 employed in the silk trade . The cotton weavers of the district have been little more than half employed for the two years previous to last October , since When they have been somewhat better employed , though not fully , and great numbers haTe giTen It up altogether . The bands in four factories are / ally employed , and in the remaining five about half employed .
The following are the amounts paid on account of the poor ' s-ratss since tbe formation of the Leigh Union : — The last three months in 1838 £ 1 , 415 1839 3 , 772 1840 . 4 , 674 The first nine months in 1841 3 , 597 There are two cotton factories unemployed . Id consequence of the scarcity of work , the low rate of wages , and the high price of provisions , a subscription to the amount ' of £ 460 baa been raised in the township for the relief of the most destitute ; -and from the reports of the TiBtors employed , it appears that the people are in a state of greater wretchedness than they have been in since the yeax 1826 .
WIGAIT . The handloom weavers haTe been reduced since the year 1835 from 7 s . to 5 s . per piece . The power loom weavers have been reduced in a similar proportion to tbe mule spinners and reelers , as will be explained below . The cotton spinners' rate of wages baa not varied much for the last six years , except among reelers and mule spinners , whose wages have been reduced one-fifth . With four exceptions , the mills in the town are now working only four days a . week ; consequently , reducing the operatives one-third for want of full employment The colliers in Wigan and the neighbourhood , in the year 1835 , got 6 s . 8 d . for getting three tons of coals . In the present year 1841 , they get 7 s . foi getting sevea tons sixteen cwt of
coals , and there is now more difficulty in getting the coals than there was in 1835 , owing to the depth of the pits , and tbe accumulation of water and inflammable gas . 795 families have been visited , comprising 3 , 780 individuals ; of these 1 , ? 23 ate under twelve years of age ; of the remainder , at least , one-third are entirely unbiup loyed , another one-third wholly employed , and the other one-third only partially employed . At a fair computation by persons competent to form an opinion , at least , one-half of the population consists of labouring persons , of whom one half are wholly unemployed . The amount of poor's-rates for the last six years : — Upon an assessment of £ 34 , 930 , tbe annual average rate levied for the years 1836 , 1837 , and 1838 , was £ 3 , 493 15 s . 6 d *« In 1839 , a new assessment was
made , and mpen the new assessment of £ 47 , 712 , the rate levied for the year 1839 was £ 4 , 771 15 s 6 d : in 1840 it w _ s £ 6 , 464 ; and in 1841 it has already been at £ 8 , 742 . ' There are seven mills at present not working and notice has been given this week for the stoppage of another in a fortnight . Tbe largest engineering establishment in the town has commenced partially working four days per week . There are upwards of 2 d 0 persons employed at this establishment . The people , although in great distress , and in too many instances , positively starring to death , appeared to enjoy momentary consolation from the very fact of persons being appointed to inquire into and sympathise with their suffering . The persons vitited consisted of hand-loom weavers , factory operatives . coal-minen , artisans , and others , all of whom ,
with the exception of a trifilBg few , obligingly gave the required Information . The number of families visited were 795 , comprising 3 , 780 individuals , 1423 of whom are wder twelve years of age , about one-third of tbe remainder are without employment ; tbe other twothirds , some of them wholly , and others partially employed , unitedly , average in their weekly earnings , with parochial relief included , and rent deducted , £ 279 7 s 7 d , which divided , will give each individual tbe sum of Is . 5 . id per week for food , clcthiag , candles , fuel ; » o » p , Ac , or which , laid out in good bread at its now exorbitant price , would jpurvhase only 7 $ llM » ., per week , or 8 caicely , ilh > 2 ca > per , day for each indivi . dual , teaving nothing for other food , ctething , fnel > tea , coffee , ' or any Uh « article necessary . Thissmm per bead la apt equal in amount to the average cost of
each pauper throughout the Poor Law Unions . Ottt of the whole number there are l . lSft whose average income varies from ettpene * to one shilling per bead per week , and not more . Desirem of eliciting every information connected with 1 the manner in whUh the working people live both by nlgbtaad by day , it wa » found that 1 , 104 persona slept three in a bed ( if such it could be called } , fli tour in a bed , 200 five , 154 six , and 66 seven and eight in a bed , while a very many poor creatnres were met with who bad neither bed nor bedding , nor anything bat the bare floor to lie down npon when nature became exhausted . Nineteen-twentieths of the materials termed " beds" and " bedding" cannot properly be said to have claim to . such like terms , being nothing mere in the majority of cases than old straw , chaff , shaviags , or some other such like materials , heM
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together by coarse wrappering , without either blankets , sheets or coverings of any kind , and in many instances Where there was covering , it was only , a piece bf coarse calico pieces . Borne tad , , aold , ' and others pawned all they could spare , wW to their beds and bedding , to procure fooa for themselTea anol famishing cbildten . ' Ho ^ evei 1 unnat ^ raj It may appear , it is nevertheless true , that in abmedwelllHgs old ag ^ youth , and tofanck six , seven , and «? ght in number , of !« i& s ^ XB ^; are obtfged to huddle Indiaffltianinately together in ene bed , for want of means to provide better accommodation . Several Tiundreda of families , both parents and children , have no change of etethe * of ^ an ^' dekiriptton , the linen of both men , . women , and children , has to be washed on the Saturday
nl « bt , the parties having to remain : entirely destitute until it is dried- Hundreds also complain of tbeir inability to attend : their respective places of worship oh , the Sabbath day , for want of . decent clothes to appear in ; while many , after relating the appalling difficulties under which th , ey laboured , wished " The Almighty mijht' terminate their ' sufferings , before morning . " In Beveral bouses , during our visit in tbe afternoon , the children were crying most piteously , and in reply to a qaesfcjtfn / or tbeli so doing , it was aiatedthey were crying for bread , not having tasted any kind of food that day . Some of the dwellings contained seareftly anything but the bare , walls ; in many of this description ^ there being no seats or any kind of far- , hftture , w » were -obliged to write standing with our books upon our knees , , .. .
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/ v BEAI ^ piS OF ENGLISH LAW . On the 5 th of Februpfry UBt , there was puWisbed In t \ & Shrtunbvry Chronicle * , paragraph , in which Mr . Fauntlaroy . a -wool-Tnercbant of Bermondftey , was stated to have suffered a heavy loss , from having been induced to give goods to a parson named Rowell , engaged in the woollen trade aVLlanidloes , which were afterwards obtained by the party by whom the character was given . The name of ^ the individual who gave the cnaracter was not stated in the paragrapli , but on the 12 th February the attorney of Mr . Jones , a banker at Llanldloes , sent an affidavit to the ShrrOspury Qhronide , to the effect that his client was the party alluded to In tbe paragraph . On the 4 th of March , Jones , through hi « attorney , demanded £ he name of tbti ytnau who forwarded the original paragraph for publication , accompanied by a suggestion that if a statement were inserted to the effect that the editor " bad inquired into the accuaation against Jones , and found it false" this might end all further proceedings . After sonre correspondence , tbe name of the writer of the paraeraph was communicated
to Jones , aad in Otifi-Sljretoabury Chronicle of the 12 th of March appeared the following retractation : — «• As some persons seemed to imagine that the statements in the paragraph of the 5 th of Febrakry apply to Benjamin Jones , Esq ., banker , Llanidloea , We have made inquiry , ' and are aathorlsed to state that not the slightest imputation reata on that gentleman , We are glad to jive this decided ' contradiction . " On the day that this contradiction appeared , tha writ in the action was issued . The trial was appointed to take place in London in June last , and for eighteen days the plaintiff and his attorney and witnesses , and the witnesses of tbe defendant , were kept there at enormous expence , and dismissed without the cause being trfed . The plaintiff tbe'h caused a speciiar jnry * to 'be summoned to try ijbi cause , and all'ihe witnesses on both Sides had again to be taken to London , Where , on Friday , the 3 rd instant , the cause was tried , and one farthing damages were given .- ' - ' " ' ¦' . ' . ' ' ¦ " ¦ '" '• ' ¦ " . ¦ ¦''' .. ' " .
The plainw applied te his Lordship to certify , in order . to "have his costs ; but Lord Denman said be did hot consider this a case ; which required a certifi ^ ' ¦" - . ¦¦¦ . . ;• : < ..... ' - ' ' . ¦ . ' , ' ' ¦ ' . The ShTew&ury Chronicle gives the following estimate of tb « plaintiff "a costs : — EXPENSES OF WITNESSES , &C , ON THE FIRST TKIAl , Ilf JUNE . JONE S v . WAXTON . Owens , solicitor , 18 days , at two guineas a-day ' ..: ; ... , ... •¦ ' . ii- - : ... 37 16 0 Travelling expetieee , ' 186 miles , at
Is . a mile up ... " ... ... 960 Ditto , down '>' ... ' ... ... 9 6 & Pryce , manufacturer 16 s . ' • dny for 18 d « y « i 12 lo 0 ¦ Travelling expenses , up and dewn Is . a miles , from Llanidloes to London , 200 miles .. ; 1 ; . i . .. . 20 ft- 0 Morris , stitioner , 15 s . a-day for 18 days ... ' 23 10 ' 0 ¦ Travelling expences , up , and down , ' ; ' 200 miles ... . ' - ,.. ' .. , ' » .. / . ... 20 0 0 Sturkey , 18 days , at a guinea a-day ... 18 18 ' 0 TravolUng expenow , 186 miles , up
, > v - and down s . ... ... ... 18 18 0 Hay ward , 18 day a at two guinea * a-day ... 37 16 0 Travelling expencea ... ... . 20 0 0 Jones , 18 * days , at 15 s . a-day 13 10 0 Travelling expencea ... ... 20 0 0 Fee to the counsel ... 21 0 0 Briefs ... 15 P
, . ; SECOND TRIAL . Owens , 5 days ... ... 10 10 c gravelling expenses , up and down 18 12 c Shlikey , 6 t days , ; ... ; ... ... ... 5 5 « Travelling expenses ... ... 30 C H « yward , 5 days .,. .., ... ... 20 10 C Travelling expenses ... ... 20 0 0 Flsb , 5 days ....... ... ... ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 c Davies , 5 days ... ... 3 15 * Travelling expenses ... ... 20 0 C Jones , 5 days ... ... ... ,.. ... 3 15 C Travelling expenses , 20 0 C Refreshers to three counsel 6 6 0 Fees to their clerks ... ... 110 Special jury ... ... ... 21 0 0 Court Fees ... ... ... 4 0 0 Other cotts of the cause 35 0 0 £ 511 13 0 These are Independent of the defendant ' s costs , tbe greater party of which , as it turns out , the plaintifl will have to pay , and also independent of all the costs between himself and his attorney . The Welsh have the character of being a very litigious people , and no stronger proof could be given of their peculiar propensity than this brief narrative . Mr . Jones , however , must be convinced now that a man may " pay too much for his whistle . "
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RULES AND OBJECTS OF THE ANTI-TOBACCO TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION . 1 . That this Association be denominated the Anti-Tobacco Temperance Association . 2 . That tbe affairs of the Association shall be managed by a Committee of six persons , with power to add to their number . 3 . That the Members of the Committee shall be elected every six months , one half to be re-elected . 4 . That the Committee shall meet once a week , er oftener if necessary . . 5 . That there be a general meeting of the Association every ———for the admission of members , to receive reports , and the transaction of general business . 6 . That no rule or article be altered without the consent of a majority of members , all of whom shall receive a week's notice of the same . 7 . That each member subscribe one penny per week , to defray the expenees of tba Association .
8 . That it be the duty of this Association to advance the moral and intellectual welfare of tbe members , by lectures and other means . 9 . That as early as the funds will allow , a convenient place shall be hired for the use of the Association , and a library of useful books be established , ia order that the members may spend their leisure hours { trofl ably , and set a good example . 10 . That the members of the Association are earnestly recommended to take an interest in the welfare of each other , by trading with , and endeavouring to procure employment for any of the members who are in want of the same ; and in order to facilitate this object , a record of each member ' s trade , or occupation , be kept by the secretary , and read over at the general monthly meetings . '
11 . That the members of this Association adopt , as their motto , the following beautiful rule of justice , "Do unto others as ye would they should do onto you . ' 12 . In order that harmony of sentiment , aud unanimity of action , may characterise the Association , all discussion on questions of Theology is expressly forbidden . 13 . That in order to prevent embarrassment in the pecuniary affairs of the Association , the Committee shall not allow tbe debts of the Association to exceed , at anytime , the sum of 10 s . 14 . That persons desirous of becoming members of this Association must abstain from tobacco , snuff , cigars , and all intoxicating drinks for one week previous to their admission , in order to toy the principle and prevent a relapse . ¦
15 . That a prize be given for the beet essay on the bad effects of tobacco , as soon as the . funds can award the same ; the amount of prize to be decided by & majority of members . : : \ , - , :.- ¦¦ - , ; .-, . " - . . .- - . 16 . That the following be the pledge and qmlifleatlou of membership ; We , the undersigned , agree to abstain from tobaboo , snuff , cigars , and ail intoxicating Jiquots , fermented or dlstUled , and in ^ evjery suitable way diseovntenance ihe causes and sraitiaea of
intern-(^• w ^ H ^^ W 1 \ ¦ -. - ¦ ' _ . ¦ ¦ ¦ "" . ' ¦ ¦ " 17 , That visitors be chosea to dlstorlbn *« tracts , visit m * mb « cs , . collect eontribBtioBs , aad W make such ita ^ pal ntums as niay b « called for . Also that a SmpArinteadent b « appointed to . evwy test visitors . ' v 18 . Thal ^ tVaninal meettig ^ ^ ^ iWnatkm be hud at men time and place ; as the committee may appoint , at whioh meeting . a . Qeneral Report of tbe Association ' ^ proceedings during tbo past year shall he wad . .- . - . ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ - ¦ v- ¦ ¦¦ - ¦ IP . That there be open Committee on Tuesday evenings , at Mr . Dorrell ' s Coffee Honse , 8 , West Smithfield . Chair taken at eight precisely . 20 . All communications may sent , post-paid , to Mr . Christie , I . O . B ., 7 , Bubs-street , Smithflelo .
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PROSECUTION FOR " SEDITION" IN ' ' "• ¦¦ -7 IRELAND , ., ; ,. ; .. : In the Letitsier Ekpreei , ( a ^ Tory ^ jourual , ) publishad on Saturday ' , there £ » a Report of an ' application , made on the previons Monday to the magtstrStes at the ' Petit Sessions of Mountmelick , Queen ' s County , to receive information for sediHon agslnsf' Jffr . 1 ? Tilllam Connor , a respectable landholder , who resides at Inch , in tba neighbonrhood ^ f Stwdbally : H 1 " Mr . BroWtte , ftom the office of &e Crown Solicitor of the Home Circnit , attended by direction of the Attor ney-General to prosecute the case . The first witness examined was George Stewart Hill , Sub-Inspector of Police ; who read his own
information—*< Recollects Sunday , the 14 th November last After Divine service on that day , saw about one handre 4 JW sons assembled in the Market-square of Monntmelick , and saw William Connor addressing them la a violent and exciting tone of language . Heard Connor say that the Members of Parliament were a ltzy , scorry , tetof rascals , oselessjwrvaito , and forgot th « ms «{ ve « like other rascals ; that iy » nt landlords would be murdered ;' and that it was not be wondred at ; for it wa * nothing but the reward of tyranny , and the fault Jsf , jiowb « t
but at , their own doors . And Connor further addad- * - tell Sir Robert-Peel » nd the Government that there ' never win be ^ eaoe 14 I relan d t ^ l l these grievancea , aw remedied . Connor was frequently cheered by thefwople j and . witness has no doubt that such language , addressed to persons in the rank of life of tfioae assenible . d , , wp ^ be calculated ' to hold up landJords W bakedi' affirproi ( luce public discontent und hortility totbel » w » of ¦ & »' country . " Mr . HUl further stated , that 1 l © had been handed two printed papers by Sub-ConstaWe Dbnairy , ' with the name of William Conner attached to w \ tt of
them ; and that the paper contained the following passages : — .- ¦ . ..::, ¦ . . ¦ ::, ' -: ¦ . ; - -: . ¦ ' ¦ •'¦ <*[ ¦ , "That every man having the possession of any portion of tbe soil as a tenant-at-will , or on a lease , shall havA a fair valoation of bis land by a Jury of sworn men . ? " That neither tithe , rent-charge , eounty-eess , poor-rate , nor any other acreable assessment , shall be charged to the tenant , in addition to the valued rent ? Mr . Hill satd he believed that such words were , ealculated to create discontent and disaffection among bar Majesty ' s subjects .
Mr . Samuel Sheano , a Magistrate , aad Policeman , gave evidence of a similar kind . Mr . Coiindr said that he urged the people not to violate the laws '; though he could predict" murder from the present state of the layrs- — , ; . "MyaddreBs on that aiid tbjrty or forty other ocoasioBS was net of a political tendenoy—it retard to political economy : "therefore , I . think the whole matter harmless , and not a crime against the ; laws , of the conntry . If I am allowed to examine witnesses , I shall satisfy the Magistrates of my
jnnoceoce : my 'arguments are against the rackrant sj stem of the coontry , founded on the law of the land ; and I told the people in my address , that nothing , could justify them to raise their hands against their , laudlorda or the lavtrs of the country . I am a landlord myself . " . -. -. , Mr , Connor afterwards added , that his object WM to Biow the people the way Jq redress-their grievfinceg by their undoubted right to petition . Maoy speeches much stronger than his had been deliyero 4 infi ? arliament . V .
Captain Tibaudo , one of the Ma ^ stratea . pi lha bench , said that he considered such . language c ^ Icalated to infiftme an excitahle mob ; and Air .. Connor was held to bail to answer the charge iVth&nezt Assizes . ' ¦ - ¦ : ¦• " .- ¦ •'•'¦ ¦ ¦ ' ; "¦"¦ ¦ " : . ''" . ' ..,
A^Anftrwjitjsf, &C;-\ :
a ^ anftrwjitjsf , &c ; - \
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From . ihe London . Gazette of Friday * Deceit . : ' - ' BAiirkKT ) PT 8 . ¦'¦ ¦ " ' " ¦ - John Walker , Wardour-street , Oxford-street , appraiser , to surrender Dec . 24 , at half-past one , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the . Court of Bankruptcy , Itasinghall-Street . Solicitors , Messrs . Cranch-and Wright , Londonstreet , FenchurciKStreet ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . John Griffiths , i . eicester-street , Regentstreet , millinet , Dec . 24 , at half-past two , Jan . 28 , atone , at . the Court of Bankruptcy , BasinghalJ-street . Solicitor , Mr . Bell , ' Craven-street ; Strand ; official assignee , Mr . Pfennell . ' ' ' :
William Amos , Walbrook , City , sponge-merchant , Dec ' . 24 , at eleven , Jan , 2 & , at two , at the Court of Btnkruptcy ; BasinghaU-st ^ et Solicitor , Mr . Rutherford , Lombard-street ''; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . Charles Daniell , Oxford-street , jeweller , Dec . 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , ' at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall street . Solicitor , Mr . Spyer , Broad-etreet-buildings ; official aseignee , Mr : Whitmore , Basinghall-atreet , Augustus Frederick Hemming , C his well-street , Finsbnry , elastic surgical instrnment-mafcer , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , ab two , at tbe Court of Bankruptcy , BaainghaU street Solicitor , Mr . Teague , Crown-court , Cheapside ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Coptball-buildines . . .
John William Horend , Paradise-street , lambeth , builder , Dee . 28 , at OHe ; Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BasingbaU-street . ' Solicitors , Messrs Thompson and Co ., Bueklersbury ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall street . . . . Robert Baooh arid Robert Wayman , Barbican , ¦ w ireworkers , Dec 27 , Jan . 28 , at one , at the Conrk Of Bankruptcy ^ Basinghali-street Solicitors , Mesara . Crosby and Co ., Cburch-paasage . Old Jewry } official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghalbatreet . ¦ > < , WilliamBJain , St . Andrew ' s-ioad . Southwaik , draper , Dec . 27 , Jan . 38 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Cattlin , EJy-place , Holbora ; official assignee , Mr . Tarquand , Copthallbuildinga . ¦ <¦ ; ¦
Robert Soott , William Fairlie , and Joseph Hare , Union-court , City , merchants , Dec . 3 d ; at twelve , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bsinghallstreet Solicitor , Mr . Qocdon , Old Broad-street ; official assignee , Mr . Johnson , Basinghall-Btreet JohnColnett , G » Veuendn hoiel-keeper , Deo . 28 , at half-past one , Jan . 28 . at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basingball-street Solicitors , Mr . Shoubridge , Bedford-row ; official assignee , Mr . Gibson , BasinghaU street . - Elihu WilBon , King-street , 8 t Giles , stationer , Jan . 8 , at one , 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitor , Mr . Gale , Baringball street ; official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abchnrch-lane . Edward Bale Hughes , Wnxham , Denbighshire , licensed victualler , Dec . 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Wynnstay Arms Inn , Wrexham . Solicitors , Messrs . Philpot and 8 on , Southampton-street , Bloomsbury square ; and Mr , Hughes , Wrexbam .
Timothy Bourne , Liverpool , cotton-broker , Dec 31 , Jan . 28 , atone , at the Clarendon Booms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Mr . Howard , Liverpool ; and- . Messrs ! Jenings , Bolton , and Jenings , Elm-court , Temple . Joseph Rogers , Shrewsbury , hop-dealer , Dec . 31 , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Guildhall , Shrewsbury . Solicitors , Messrs . Ponall and Cross , Staple Inn ; and Mr . Cooper , ShrevfsbHry , , . John Righton ,. Hebburn , Durham , brewer , Jan . 18 , atone , 2 g , at eleven , at the Bankrupt Commission Room , Newcafttfe-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Mr . Hoyle , Newcattle-upon-Tyna : and Messrs . Crosby and Compt » n . Church ^ ourt , Old Jewry . . Thomas Eskrigge , Warrington , Lancashire , cottonnianufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at twelve , at the Clarendon KOoms . Liverpool . Solicitors , Messr 3 . AdUngt m , € fre-» ory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row ; and-Mesas . Nicholson and Sons , Warrington .
Joseph Peel , Newcastle-upoa-Tyne , picture-dealer , Jan . 13 , at eleven , 28 , at one , at tbe Bankrupt Commission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Mr . Piumptre , Xatnb-iuilding , Temple ; and Mr . Cram , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , James lngham , Halifax , Yorkshire , stonemason , Dec . 29 , at nine , Jan . 28 , at the Shakespeare Inn , Halifax . Solicitors , Messrs . Jaqaes , Battye , and Edwards , Hlyplace ; add Mr . Edwards , Halifax . Charles Carr , Heaton Norris , Lancashire , cotton manufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at three , at the Commissioners Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Coppock and Woollara , Stockport ; and Mr . Coppock , Clevelandrow , Saint James's . Richard Coleman , Manchester , mercer , Jan . 1 , at one . 28 , at eleven , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Sale and Wortbington , Manchester ; and Messrs Baxter , Loncoln s Ion-fields .
Michael Potter and John Lever , Manchester , commission ageuts , Jan . 7 , 28 , at two , at the Coramis-Bioners'Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Slater and Heelis , Manchester ; and Mesirs . Milne , Parry , Milne , and Morris , Harcourt-buildings , Temple . Alexander Wynne Pollock , Liverpool , commission merchant , Jan . 1 , 28 , at two . at the Clarendon RoomB , Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Sharpe , Field , and Jackson , Bedford-row ; and Messrs . Harvey and Falcon , Liverpool .
PAETNBRSHIPS DISSOLVED . G . P . Jennings and A . L . Saul , Manchester , letterpress printers—H . Lord and J . Nicholson , Lee-head , Yorkshire , painters—J . Battersby and H . A . Duckworth , Liverpool—D . Broadhurat , J . B ^ roadhnrstj and H . R . Broadhurst , Manchester , merchants ; as far as regards J . Broarthurst— G H . Matterson and F . B . Cooper , York , linen-drapers- ^ -T . S . Eddowea , J . Betteltyand F . J . Bury , LiTerpool , chaio-cable-mauufa . cturet—H . Scotson aad J . Miller , Wheeiton , Lancaster , steers—J . SIteid and J . R . Crisp , Liverpool , commission-merchants •—H . Woterhouse , J . Thompson , and W . Boulton ,
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. Fashions fob the Month .- —Coats are very much wora ipankfuUvrl * * t the elbows , and aretrimm « d w « b a 8 hirupgsub > t * nce , which gives them fcvery gtowy appearance . , A run > of ; wj ) it « root down ftho eeamf , and the covering of the buttons is slightly opened , soaa to shojv the wooden material under it . Hats are now elighti y . indented at Ihe top , and wa have seen several in which part of the brim is akped off'Withojjt aoypartioaiajc regard to tboqamUtf ubstracted .. Walking-4 rea * ef are very much dotted just DOW with brown spots of a mad colour , thrown on quite irregularly , and the heels of the stockiflOT may sometifliea bo seen trimmed with the sama material . A eoit of basket-work is now a great deal seen as a head- ^ resa , and in these eases it is strewed over with little silver fish , something like a common sprat , which gives it alight and graoeful charactar . —Punch .
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g THE NORTHERN STAR .
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STATE OF THE COUNTRY . / We select tbe following examples of the'growing destitution of " merrie BnglaAd" from tha ptpenwfaieh have reached us sinee Satorday Wst' ' TM unrt is a memento of the " distress" existing "at Court , " and -will be . read with peculiar interest at ths present
THE HOTAl CH&ISTEirinQ . It has been determined that the christening of his Royal Highness the Princa . of WftUs . JsbaU take place at Windsor ; and from the arrangements in contemplation and in progress , there is no doubt that tbi « ceremony 'will be celebrated in the chapel of St ( Jeorge , with great pomp and , magnificence- . There is also very little doubt that 11 will take place on Thursday , tJMl 10 th of February , the anniversary , of her . Ma ^ styi union vnth his BpyaJ Highness . Piinee Albert . \ The day , hewever , has not yet bfeea fixed npon by ber Jaajesty . 8 t G « orf e ' s Chapel was os Tuesday morning minutely inspected by , Mr . Sannders , accompanied bj Dr . B , eid , Who superiatended the ventilation and ligbting / of tbe House of Commons , lor . the purpose of adopting soiaa
plaq-to -irirui , by means of numerous air-stoves , the wftole of the interior : of . that * xtensive edifice during tbe time occupied by the performance of the cetemoay . Earl Delawar ^ , the Lord Chamberlain , was engagod for some time in tbe . chapel on Si tor day , suggesting , various arrangements for the ceremony . A . cavered platform -will be erected , leading from the Castle , alon g ' which the procession will pats to the chapel It ia expected that the whole of tfte Knight * , of the G « ter will be present in tbeir robes , with the Military Knights of Windsor , and the several officers ef tber . ocder . In the evening thera will be > , Tgr » p 4 b « f q ^ ifl Si : Georfe ' s Hall , and covers will be laid . for Bpw «* d | ot onebtisdred and fifty o | . . hex Majesty ' s distinguished euetts . A magnificent carpel , to be used . expressly . npon
the occasion , of the ebris . tening ,, has been ordered for St George ' s Hall . It . yri 3 L be . studded wifrh . v » iou « appropriate lieraldlo devioes . in keeping with tbe embellishments of thisspendid apartmentrraadinooanexion with the Order of the Garter . In tbe : centre will be -woven a beautiful representation ' of St George and tbe Dragon . Jn prd « r that the whole of " . ; h « t . .-JUaj « sJty '« guests upon this occasion may be accommodated during their ttay at Windsor , Jroginore-lodge wilL , be-entirely appropriated to their use , orders having been given to the different tradesmen to make the necessary preparations for that purpose . A large bouse on Cattle-hill , at present empty , later ? in tbe occupation pf Oolong MiHratn , belonging to tbe Crown , Is likewise to be
furnUhed for the use of tbe Queenls visitors . Several of the State apartments at the Castle , which are usually exhibited to tbe pubUe , have bees ordered to be dosed for tbe purpose of eaabling-tbs authorUies . at the Cutte to proceed with the necessary arrangements . Amongs ; the apartments tbus closed are tbe Ball and Thronerooms . The whole of the internal arrangement * connected win this important ceremony have been confided to the skilful supertstenderjee of Mr , 8 aundera , the Inspector of Palaces . Tbe sponsors Invited tt answer at tb « font for tb « fntnre Monarch are—tbe King of Prussia-, tbe Duke of Cambridge ; Ferdinand , Dnkeof Saxe Cobnrg , usde of Prince Albert ; the Princess Sophia ; and the Ducbesaof Six © Cobourg .
¦ SPITjH . riKI . PS WEAVERS . If ever it wen imperative to act upon tbe motto that " charity begins at home , " it . is at tbl » ' truly awful crisis , when misery , dentation , and despair are at our I very doors . It is true that poverty in its moat frightful I forms , is spread through the- length and breadth of the I land —that our agricBituSsts are Steeped to tbe lips in I misery , and our manafactoncrars insolvent , whOe the ! general trade of tbe country is at a "dead still ; " and it i is equally true that- it is the duty of all to do every i thing to alleviate aad » Tert , if poosible , this scene of t general calamity and national bankruptcy . Still , \ reason , justice , and policy , demand that ve- ' should first ' attend to the wants of oar own . bomas before we look j Abroad . Hence , although we are most anxious
toex-! tend the hand of mercy to the starving working classes I of England , Ireland , and Scotland , we must be first j satisfied that we have discharged tbe great and para-1 mount duty of charity towards tbe destitute poor of : onr own neighbourhood . With tais common sense and j Christian view of the dictates of Christian benevolenue ; and bnmaaUy , it is but rigbt that we should , in the i first instance , direct the stream * of national pbilan i thropy to flow to those appalling seenes of woe , misery , ] and destitution which oax metropolis presents , and ! -which are no where to be found in a more frightful \ farm th *« aa they exUt in the neighbourhood tnd tbe i dwellings of the Spitalfields -weaTers . 80 dreadful are i tbe priT&taons of those wretched men and their
. j families , that nature is daily sinking under them , and I numbers are fondly looking to tbe graTe as a release ! from tbeir overpowering seffdxisgs . It U impossible for i tbe most obdurate to hear even a recital of tbeir I miseries without shedding a tear of compassion over i the heart-rending catalogue . Tbe greatest distress pre-] vails at Bethnel Green . In Ha workhouse there are ; 1 , 060 inmates , while 1 , 350 are receiving out-doo * re-] lief . There is not one person in Bethnal Green who ! keeps his carriage , and but very few Independent , con-! sidering that tbe parish contains 75 , 000 souls . There ; are in it 13 , 009 looms , each loom , when at work in its 1 various ramificationa , namely , dying , winding , warping , ; entering , and weaving , employs three persons , makiDg ] 39 , 000 persons immediately dependant on tbe silk ; branch of this trade . HaJf these looms are no w out of ; employ . There are , therefore , 19 500 operatives idle , ' tbe half of whom have large families pining in penury i and most exernciatine distxes ? .
! DTODKE . The distres 3 among the labouring population of our own locality at this moment is cow more alarming than I many of our readers are aware of . Ever / description ; of manual labour is bow beginning to feel the effects Of I a restrictive duty . Though same of our standing machinery has been put into operation , a proportionate 1 extra quantity of weavers have not been employed . ! The finer fabric , which is principally woven by ma-• chinery , no doubt has increased ; but , generally speak-! ing , the greater quantity of epun-yamhas been exported 1 to be Spun by the foreigner . While the manufacturing : interests feel tbe effects of the prohibitory system , ] those branches of industry more immediately connected j with our home trade , though they too have an interest 1 in tbe foreign , have now caught the mania , and the I consequence is , that many of tbe families of our best I artisans have now to depend on human sympathy for 1 existence . Our dockyards are emptying daily , and
house-carpenters are equally helpless ; we know one joiner -wbo ia May last bad upwards of fifty men in bis employment , -whilst at this moment he can only boast of being able to procure labour for three . Cabinetmakers , too , are complaining , not unjustly . It is now an undeniable fact , that almost every branch of industry in our country is suffering more or less from tbe fetters which entwine it ; and that if tome salutary plan be not immediately adopted , tbe acknowledged ingenuity and ckill of our mer-hanics , as weli as our capital , must bid us a long and it may be a lasting farewell .
ROCHDALK . The following official report was read at a meeting at Manchester the other day : — Cabinet-Makers' Fpemtpke . —Minute inquiries ahow that from fifteen years previons to 1828 , there ¦ were twenty-eight to thirty journeymen cabinet-makers and a few bojs regularly and fully employed in Rochdale . At this time there are only twelve or thirteen journeymen and about ten boys in the trade , and these have not had full and regular employment for a long time put . The population of tbe town and neighbourhood has greatly increased daring the past ffteen or twenty years ; but there has been no increase of furniture , clearly proving that the condition of the people is much worse , and their comfort * greatly abridged .
Travelling Scotchmen . —V Travels Todmorden , Ssddlewortb , Shaw , Lees , Oldham , Middleton , Hey * wood , Wardle , and neighbourhood of Rochdale . Has travelled part of this district for twenty yean , dealing with many families throughout this period ; his customers have gradually become poorer , and are bow mostly tolnei , and unable to bny clothing , tea , coffee , fee ., as formerly . Six years ago tbeir condition was much better . Todmorden was then his beat districtnow Tery much worse , mQls there having worked abort time many months- In his journeys he finds many houses which he has known well furnished almost stripped , tbe furniture hiTing gradually "been disposed of to provide food . Has given up the Wardle dUttict , tbe people being reduced to poverty so abject that they can pay for nothing . Most customers are ashamed to meet him , and skulk away to avoid him when they know he is coming , as they have nothing to pay for what they
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct734/page/6/
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