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LANCASTER ASSIZES
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Untitled Article
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' . ¦ " ¦" ¦ ¦ ; .>.-. ' v.:^ ' .- '' -::' : '^- " Ieeds :—Printed for the Proprietor JPJEi;A' RQffl .:/
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Lancaster Assizes
LANCASTER ASSIZES
( Continued from our seventh page . ) 1 gave , you notice at the Hall of Science , at Manihestex-Why ?—Bscanse yon said that parties had made complaints . What did I say that parties complained of ?—Tea iid neVsay . You said that you conldDet stop . On one occasion at s meeting at the Hall of Science , did I Dot tell yon to be more particular in yonr reports , because complaints had been made of their inaccuracy ? —Too said I was to reportproperly , because parties had complained , but you -would not give me their name * . Did I 3 u& say &s ! t Tsjaons « omi > lalnte had been jnade U me hy parses thai you had made -wrong reports of their speeches ?—Yon said you had erery confidence - - - ¦ ¦ & . . _ . to be in the
J > > ^ eare yon particular report yon Trer- - -nen taking ?—Yes . Cae you bring yoar misS =.:. all to best on the time 'When you first g * ve information to Mr- Irwin ?—1 can ' t to a day . Can yon to a "week ?—I think it was about the 12 ^ w 14 th of Sf plember . Ton are rare you are not three days oat ?—I e jnt Can yos be f on ?—I might be . CaiTyoa ba five days out ?—I might be . Canyon be six days out?—I can ' t be more , I f Jiink . Were yon 5 n any -work at that time ?—I "was jepsrt Jbs for ths Soriheni Star . 3 £ ow soon alter ill . Irwin first mad * the application ¦ to yon did yon gWe him any infornsatlon ? —Perhaps trc-ia Jour te are days .
l > id yon cocsiSer yourseX offenaefby tha application feeing made to you?—1 dM at first . Why were you ofeoded at first?—Because Mr . Ir" win -was not ia the habit of coming sear iae . 1 thought tie >>«^ takes , too much , upon 1 wb « 3 T in , asking me the ¦ queston . Did yem state to ssy body that you were offended ?—3 aont rec&Bect that I did . Did yoa mention it to any body to put them on their guard?—1 -wrote . To -wiiom did you Trite?—To the Evening Star . "When yon wrote to the livening Star , did yon state that n * ese had anything to communicate , and that it ¦ was of no cse Mr . Irwin asking ?—1 did not Yoawill BWear-that?—I will . After Mr . Irwin hs 3 been with yon , did yon write a letter xaaouncing that fact?—I did .
J > id you -write a letter to ib « ?—No ; not to yon . DI 4 yon wriie a letter to the Editor of the Evening Slsrl D » d yon know that I was the Editor vi the £ « BJiy Star?—Yes . And yet you did not -write to me ?—I wrote to lie oScel Yon wrote to -whom yen knew to be the Editor , did you net ?—I -wrote . Mr . pardon . Was he the editor *—1 did not direct to the editor . Bid yon not consider Mr . Pardon Ihe editor?—Ho . Was the letter to him ?—It -was to the Evening Star . Waa it to me ?—Not particularly . . * Waa it to the Editor ?—It -was to the office . Do yon mean to the houss—daughter . ) Was there any application in it Did yen -srrite to me for money "to go to America , to take you out of'lrwin ' B way?—1 flidnot
Ton ¦ will swear positively that yon nerer "wrote for money to take yen ont <•! the country , because Irwin was tampering with yon ?—1 will . Did yen -write for money at all ?—1 did , because it "Was owing to ms . "Why yon know that 1 had nothing to do "with the financial department of the Star" !—Yon told me to "Write to Mr . HilL While 1 was under jon * 1 -was paid tst my services . Ana you tfid not vnite a letter for money to take yon « ut of the country ? Tha Attorney-General—1 object to this mode of examination . If there is any such letter , let it be produced . Mr . O'Connor—Daes the Attorney-General think that there is no o&er -way of proving it ?
33 ie Judge—2 know of no other proper course but to produce the letter . Mr-O'Connor—Then , my Lord , after I have done "With the witness , I shall ask for him to be retained . Cross-Examination resumed—Were yon cot In a great slate « f poverty before Mr . Irwin applied to yon ?—I -was rather shortof money . Did . you complain to Mr . Irwin that yon -were starring ?—2 f o . Did you borro-w money from Xpach ?—I said that if I depended upon the Chartists , I might starve . Did you borrow money from Leach ?—If a 2 fevw I—Not at that time . Did you borrow sixteen shillings to bury yonr children ?—No . ' he paid me fifteen shfllings lor writing a lecture .
After zbe Conference yon fcsre spoken -of bad broken Tip , "What did yon eonsidfi * it » as that perpetuated the disturbances ?—A . strike for -wages . How much money did you receive from Mr . Irwin , prior to going before the Magistrates , at Manchester ?—1 Cant ssy . About how much ?—Perhaps a sovereign . Was that ail you received ?—I thinfc it -was . "Wfflyon swear it was?—I will not . Will yon swear yon did not receive two sovereigns ? 2 will not , bnt 1 think l only received one . Will you swear that yen did not receive three?—Before 2 gave in my deposition ? Yes ?—Yea , 1 will . After you gave in yotrr depositions , and before yon left Manchester , iow much did you receive ?—Perhaps three sovereigns ,
Bow many chartist meetings do you thici yon have attended ?—i can't calculate them . Have you been in the habit of sending the resolutions passed at those meetings for insertion in tie Northern JStorf—lhave . 2 ask you , if the general tenour of the principal resolution has not for years past been— " and we pledge ourselves to continue the present struggle until the Charter ljeeomss the law of the land ?"—It has . You were the Secretary to Hunt's Slocnment Committee ?—2 waa the paid secretary .
2 ask you on yonr oath , was not Mr . Scholefield , in particular , most anxious , that every thing shonld be given sp which had the slightest tendency to bring the people into collision with the authorities?—i thought to . Did you write * letter to tlie Northern Star , relative to the Monument Committee ?—Perhaps 1 did . Perhaps you did . Did yon or did you not ?—When ? On the 22 th of August . Here , Sir , is a file of the JferOiern Star of the 13 tb , of August . Is that letter yams?—It is . Ihs offiafcf of the Conri itad the letter . It vna &S friflowi ;—
* ' THE HH 5 J H 05 TTHE 5 T COMMITTEE . "TOTHE CHAB . TI 5 TS OP MXSCBESTBR , J 15 D THE 5 rr : RB . 0 TfXDi > -G ToWiS axu TiiLAGES . —The Committee appointed to superintend the ' erection of a Monument to the memory of the "late Henry Hunt , Esq ., feel sorrow at having to inform you , asd those Other friends whs had intended to honour us with their presence at the procession on the 16 th of August , that after dnly considering upon the present awful send truly alarming state of this district , and after every member present had given his opinion npon the matter , the following resolution waa passed unanijnonsly
;;—__ " That , taking all thinp into consideration , the committee deem it tke most advisab ' e , safe , and judicious course to be pnrstied , under the circumstances , to cbandonrfhe Procession announced to take place on the 16 th of August ; and that the Press be requested to insert this resolution and short address in their curiec » publications . " "Thexllitnct is certainly in s -very anssttled sk&te , and the members of the Committee believe that U any disturbance ensued on that day , the enemies to the Chartist mevement would snatch at the opportunity , and throw the bb . Ee on the Committee and tte Charthts generally . They perceive that the Manchester Guardian has . already begun to charge the Chartists as the originators of , and as taking part in , the disturbances already Treft- A charge as false as it is ¦ cowardly and malicious .
" The meeting , respecting the Monument , will be fcolden on the i £ tb of August , in the Rev . James fJcholefield ' s burial ground , Every-street The ground is private property ; sad the meeting will , therefore , i » strictly safe and legal . The delegates are expwted to be here according to previous announcement ; likewise Feargna O'Conaor , Esq . The tea party and ball wUlalse beholden in ihe evening , for which all due arrangements are beicg made .
* ' 2 n adopting this conrse , " the committee feel that they best consult the interest and safety of the Chartist cause . Were they 4 o go on with the procession , f » a briDg Ttpon them 'tie interference of the m&gisiaejy imsa Ji might fee tfca coHseguence . life would be -endangered , blood spnied , and our righteous movement FN » uy endzigered and retarded . We want to obtain toe Charter by moral , peaceable , and constitutional zaeans , and not by force and tumult "Signedon behalf of ihe Committee .
" August llth , i 8 l 8 . » " W * ' ^ ' Sea 8 tsr 7-aovw ? - ^ " "f ™ a £ mber rf ttB O *^ ^ iSS = £ S 5 S 2 KS » Tta&jaarw&T on yoar cattr—iao . Do jottlnow HltebJa and Dooita ?—Yes . rfSSSSZ- *"" ** ^^ atStockport is _^ ^*^ f *» » J application lo those two men , ^ S ^^ I ^ To . ^^^^ 108867 - ^ Hpon yoaroaa did you not propose ihe establish .
q ^ on ^^ ** B 0 M 6 iD 7 ™ a " ^"^^^^^ t Mi CCpmor-Why , myjtord , ! tboaghfc U « »> < «> » ea -wobM tate Jhe ahdour to adndtfliB f « rf _ : ( teghtey ^ :: ; : ¦ - «»»» - , l > o you : know s peaon of the name « f Biook . who ¦ w ^ ediw-Mji Bcbokflea *—Ida *
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On yonr oath , aid yon not tell Brook that you would be a nail in O Connor's coffin , and that you had it in your power to destroy him ?—I did not . Npt * n ythi- ig of a similar nature ?—Perhaps you will allow me to explain . I said that 1 would expose you throagh the press , for the manner in which yon had served me . That is for paying you your wages?—Ne : for bringing Ae f , om a situation , and then leaving me to starve . ^ " * ' / on not give me notice to leave ?—Mr . Hill said that tt > B on jy faoit we haYe to find with our excellent corre * pondent is , that he haa been too industrious—( Ian ? ^ ter ) . : D id you , at any time , at Hargreaves ' B house , Bay ths s you would be revenged on me before you died r—I' Jid not Did yon try to induce other persons to give informa-* ion to Mr . Irwin ?—Yes .
Who were they ?—Mr . Cartledge . When did you try to induce him ?—While he was in the lock-up . What did you state as the inducement ?—I to ' . d him that there was the prospect ef a long imprisonment before him , if the charge was pressed , and that if he thonght proper , he could go into the witness box , instead of into the dick . Did yon tell Cartledge that if he went into the witness box instead of the dock , the prosecution would not be pressed ?—Yes . Did you tell him who sent you ?—I did not . Would yon have been admitted to see any other prisoner?—I should .
Did yon go?—I did not . How did you live while you were in Ireland ? Did you loofc out for a job of woih ?—ldid not Did you do ose day ' s work ?—No . Is it not a fact that yon ware in a state of the- roost abject poverty before Mr . lrwla came to you?—Not abject poverty , fer 1 had credit . Are you a good Chartut *—Ye ? . J > o you subscribe lo thesis points of the Charter ?—Ida Let me ask you a fair question , what was the state of Manchester , after the conference had separated ?—It was in a very excited state . What was your impression as to the disposition of the people generally , at the several Chartist meetings you have attended ?—Peaceable . What have been the principles -which have generally indeed , 1 say unreservedly , been inculcated on the people ?—Tending to peaee .
Have yoa heard me explain at every meeting at which you have attended , that there was no man in this -world -whose intentions had been so much mis * represented as min =- ' —1 have . 1 ask jou , have you or have you not , at these several meetings , heard me tell the people , that the vtry moment an attempt was made to force them into a violation of the peace , from that moment their cause W 33 destroyed ?—1 think 1 have heard you say something to that effect On your oath naa not that been the spirit of my addresses at all the meetings you have ever attended ? —Latterly , it has been so . 1 have heard you speak strong , bnt not so exciting as some . But you say that the general tenour of all my speeches has been to preserve peace , law , and order . Have you heard the 2 < orthtrn Siar , and myself , and a great many of the leaders reprobated for not sanctioning the strike ? The Attorney-General—I aust object to that
question . Mr . O'Connor—The Attorney-General charges the Northern Star with causing the strike . Here is the Tepotter , and I -want to show you -what character the Sorfhern Siar has gained for itself by the course it has pursued . The Judge—The Attorney-General alluded to a particular passage in a particular paper as having that tendency . You cant set off yonr exhortations to peace and quiet on other occasions , as against exhortations to the contrary contained in a particular paper which the Attorney-General has put in . Mr . O'Connor—It is ptrfectJy competent for me from ihe 1 st of August to the l « t of October , to put all my acts into evidence during that period .
The Attorney-General—In my opening , 1 gave Mr . O'Connor credit for having , on various occasions , exhorted the people to quiet and peace . What 1 object to now is , that Mr . O'Connor asks the witness if he has not beard that complaints have been made against the Northern Star for having dcae so and so . Anything as to 3 Ir . O'Connor ' s general character , or the general character of his newspaper , 1 object to . Mr . O'Connor—Tery well , then , 1 dont press the question . Cross-examination resumed—Are yon acquainted with the news-vendors of Manchester ?—Not generally . Do you know when any society , or any individual , having a placard U > pnblisb , send them to the shops of sewiTendon , for the purpose of being placed on boards for public exhibition ?—1 believe they are . How locg have yon ki-owa James Leach ?—Two years .
1 will venture to put a question te you on his behalf . What is your opinion of his character ?—He is a very honest man . Has be at all times been opposed to violence ?—In H > y bearing , he has . la he not esteemed as an excellent man by all parties ? —1 have heard political parties speak highly of him . 1 believe yen are aware that very angry discussions have taken piaee between the Corn Law Repealers and the Chartista daring the last year and a half ?—Yes . Were you present on one occasion when you saw me knocked down three times , and taken out of the meeting bleeding , in conetqaence of a blow on the temple with a etone ?—1 was not present , bnt 1 heard the tepotL Were you before the Magisbates , when 1 applied for protection against these parties ?—1 was not
Is it the general feeling in Manchester , and have yon not known it for two yean , that the working classes feel that the police rendered them no protection ?—Not generally . Ss 3 it not been stated tbst the policemen were the bludgeon men of the League ? The Attorney General—1 rnnrt object to that question . It is really out of all character . Were you at a meeting in St Stephenson ' s-square , at which Mr . Cobden attended ?—Yes . Did you see the authorities there ?—I did . Did you see the working-people there ?—1 did . Did yon see the police there ?—I did . What occurred ?—There was & great deal of fighting , and a row . On whose part was the fighting ?—I did not distinguish the party , bnt I understand . it was your own onntrymen—( Laughter . )
Why to be rare , my countrymen are famous fellowB lor fighting , it was they who knocked m down—( Laughter . ) But to which party did they attach themselves ?—1 understood to the League . Did you think we were conspirators when we met ? The Attorney-G'neral objected to the question . Mr . O'ConnoT—You may go . By the defendant Oiley—1 have been in Sheffield once . 1 have not heard you speak at any meetings in Lancashire or Yorkshire . When 1 was at the Conference 1 took yon for M'Arthur , the chairman . 1 know yon now . The tendency of your Bpeech was against the strike . 1 never read anything written by you in favoui of physical force .
By M'Cartney 1 spent my time in Ireland in reading and writing , and taking moderate exercise . 1 have neither hunted or fished . 1 have shot at snull birds for amusement 1 have not been connected with the Irish police establishment I borrowed a carbine from a man -who keeps a shop . He is not connected with the Irish constabulary fotce . 1 do not think there was the slightest anticipation of a strike throughout the country at the time the Conference was ealledf together ; at least it never cune to my knowjedga 1 thought tbat particular care was taken at the Conference to see that every delegate h&d been legally and properly elected by the meeting he professed to represent . The reason why 1 said that 1 would not tell in whose hand writi : g the corrections of the . Executive Committees" address -were , -was because 1 did not know . The barrister said
" YoamuBt tell , - and then 1 said "Well , then , 1 think it is Mr . Cartledge * s" 1 remember having a conversation with Campbell , one of the defendants . 1 did not ssy to him that there were some Chartists in whom 1 could place no confidence , l attended some of the trade ' s delegates meeting in Manchester . 1 have heard it remarked that when the first meeting of the trades delegates took place , that the excitement in the tows of Manchester was beginning to seimda . I never said so myself . I think the tendency of the Trades' Meetings was to keep np the agitation . I -did not think they had a tendency to repress the disturt&nces . I remember visiting you in prison , and sympathising with you , and also congratulating you on your liberation . 2 accompanied you to the railway . We adjourned to a tavern .
Witness—I would advise you not to go into that because it will injure yourself . Defendant—At the time you were shaking hands with me , and congratnl&tirjg me on my liberation , had you not given that inforaation on the strength cf which I was again arrested . Witness—Not officially . A little information had been given , I told you so when I was at Manchester . By Sir P . Pollock—At the meeting of delegates , Mr . Scholefield feronght in information that Tamer the printer , had beea arrested . I Lave been out of the way because the Star and British Statesman were condemning- me . " Information waa brooghj to me at Mane&ea ter , that if I appeased in the witaew box , I should , be asmuuriTmted . The summoning of the Conference bad
nothing to do with reference to Hunt ' s monument There wasnottdngdiBcnaMd at the conference but the resolutions and the address which I have mentioned . There wunoUiing said about s « ttflng difference * All the discussion related to the Charter ssd the strike . There was nottiing said respecting Hunt ' * Monument . 1 took a note of Mr . O-Cotmor " * speeeh ' at the Conference . 1 did not take a verbatim report of the speech , butthe spirit of it The substance of it wu to altSte wSrd M , ? S 3 I ! S t 0 " * PP r 0 TB ' " and to bike advantage of ttestrike , because the trades had Joined , and would be ir&MtSr *^ " 7 ' He assigned as a reason that it SSfH ?? » mQ ! S k ^ « 4- « w «» the law ia the £ * S v ¥ fkUnrer " * tfce ***** : * % , £ ** . . Joan Hanley examined ky ' BirG . tiffin—£ ^ r 2 ifcd « -: Hsw yon pot joe& . io eonrV ^ Brio | the
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Witness—1 have , by the permission of your Lordship . Exunmed—In the month of August last , 1 was a reporter for the Manchester Guardian . On the 15 th of August , a meeting of the trades' delegates was h « 14 at tB 3 Sherwood Inn , Tib-street ,-Manchester . It was convened by a placard . Alexander Hutchinson was in the " chair . There were a number of persens called " scrutineers . " They examined the credentials of the various delegates , before they were admitted into the room . After that , an afljaurnment " was moved to Carpenter ' s HalL 1 went there . The chair was taken at one o'clock by Hutchinson . M'Cartney , John Leach , of Hyde , G 80 r « e Canitaiett , Angnatu Frederick Taylor , DaYid'Morrison , William Woodruff , and Alfred
Wolfenden , were there . A man named Daffy spoke . The character of his speech was that the anti-Corn Law Leagne were the originators of the disturbance . He moved a resolution to the effect—that the delegates now assembled view with the greatest indignation a proclamation to the inhabitants of Manchester , in the name of the constituted authorities , and that as representing the great mus of the working classes , they feel themselves called iipon to express their firm determination to stand up for their constitutional right of discussing all matters in which they consider their interests involved . They recommend every man to apply to the constituted authorities to be sworn in as special constables , such a course affording the best proof of their disposition te
preserve peace , law , and order . " This amendment was seconded by M'Cartney , and the consideration of it adjourned until the delegates had made their report There ^ as a tea -partr , at Carpenter ' s Hall , on the 16 tb . I know Mjl J&mea Scholefleld . When I got thbre he was addressing the meeting . He told the assemblage " that their day was coming , and when it did come , it would come with a vengeance . " He called upon them to enjoy themselves , and to remember the occurrences of twenty-three years ago . He then left the meeting . At the meeting , at the Hail of Science , the same day , a resolution waa moved by Benjamin Stott . recommending to all trades' societies " that from henceforth they make political discussions lawful and necessary in their assemblies , and that they embody , in their rules , a law for the adoption of this great principle . " This was seconded bv a person named Higginbottem , but
ultimately withdrawn . The next resolution waa moved by William Stott , to the effect " that an immense majority of the delegates were in favour of the Charter , and that in conformity with that opinion it was at that stage of the proceeding )* necessary that , a definite decison should be come to relative to the future course of action , to be immediately adopted by the warking classes , stating definitely whether labour be farther suspended or again resumed . " Joseph Mainwaring then moved a resolution to the effect ^—" j . 'hat tfee delegates here assembled recommend the people te taktj all legal means to carry the People ' s Charter ; and that they issue on address approving of the strike ; and that they etop work until it becomes the law vf the land . * Frederick Taylor , from Roytoo , seconded the resolution . He was sometimes called Frederick Augustus Taylor .
By Mr . Barnes—1 stood -upon the platform near to Mr . Scholefield . By M'Cartney—1 have been reading from print , cut ont of the Mavehesler Guardian , but 1 have my original notes with ma 1 recollect your moving a resolution at the Hall of Science on the following day , that as there was no dependence to be placed on the newspaper press , they might as well admit the public . No auch resolution was proposed at the Carpenter's Hall . , It was not my duty , as reporter for the Manchester Guardian , to tike a verbatim report of the speeches , because 1 knew that the editor would not allow full reports . It was my duty to give a fair expression of what was dose , and not of -what was said . So many speakers ottered the same thing , that 1 could put in four or five
lines what had been done in six hours—( laughter ) . As far as 1 can recollect the general tenour of the speeches was to iDcnlcate the preservation of property , the preservation of the peace , and respect for the constituted authorities , so far as they acted legally . The meeting of the Uth br « ke up fa a quiet and orderly manner . 1 was at the beginning of the meeting at Carpenters' Hill , on the following day . The general character of the speeches delivered there Were not to hold proper ty sacred . Candelett recommended the people to go to the bills and take the crops inte their possession , and live on them . 1 dont remember that this recommendation was reprobated by the meet ing . 1 thiDk he was not turned out j if he had , I should have noticed the fact
The -witness here read his notes of what Candelett had said , on which , the Judge expressed it as bis opinion that the language did not bear out the construction which bad been pnt upon it by > lr . Hanley . Ctces-examination resumed—The chairman objected to leave th « meeting at Carpenter ' s Hall , on the ground taat the magistrates had no authority to Interfere with them . During the ten minntes allowed them in which to disperse , they passed the resolutions lhave alluded to . The Attorney General said be now proposed to call some witnesses to speak to what occurred alter the 17 th and 18 th August
Matthew Marsden , examined by Mr . Hildyard—1 am constable of AshtoD . 1 was at the Town Hall , on Tborsday , the IBth of August A mob came there armed -with sticks . 1 know Robert Lee . lie was heading the mob . They went to Mr . Barrows ' s n * w tmildings . There were some bricklayers and labourers at work . The superintendent refused to allow the men to be taken away . A riot ensued , and the men ultimately desisted from work . The Riot Act was rear ! . By Johnson , a defendant—1 mean by a riot , there r = a general disturbance . The mob brandished their sticks , and eaid they didn't care a d either for the riot act or the magistrate * . They told the bricklayers that if they did not come down from the scaffold they would fetch them . By William Woodrcff , defendant—1 don't know that any person was injured bt fore the Riot Act was read .
Samuel Newton , examined by Mr . Pollock—1 "was at Ash ton , on the ] Sth of August last 1 wss at Hulme ' a mill on tkat day . 1 remember a number of persons coming there about ten o ' clock in the forenoon . 1 should think at that time there were 300 came together . They had sticks and other weapons . The mill was at work when they came . The mob desired the master and overlooktr to stop the works . The latter said that the tnwter was not present , and he could no nothiDg . As tbifc people were going away , they said , * ' We have not force enough here , lei us go to fetch the others . " They returned in about two hours after . 1 should think there -would be 900 then . They -walked to the mill , and then the handB turned out . After that they wanted the young master to promise that the works
should not start again . He replied that so long as their hands were willing to work , the mill mnst run . The ! mob then raked out the fires from under the boilers , i and some of them called out to pull the plugs away so as to let the water our . One plug and one fire was drawn , and the soldier . s then came up and dispersed ' the mob . * . j James Whiltam examined by the Attorney-General —I live at Carl tun , about ten miles from Colne , and two < miles from Skipton . On the 16 th of August , a mob ' , of 2 ooo or 3 , 000 came to Sk ' pton . They stopped thb works of Mr . Dewhurst and Mr . 3 edj , wick . The latter j made resistance for an hour or better . The mob cot '
a reinforcement and overpowered Mr . Sedgwick's peo- pie . They turned ont the hands , and stopped the boilers ., I know James Mooney . He lives at Colne . Be told I me about having been to the Conference at Manchester , j as a delegate . He said they were broken up at the ; Carpenter ' s Hall , nnd then they went to Mr . S ^ holefield ' s p ? ace . Ho further informed ma that a few met ' afterwards at Chatmoss . He said they were well prep » ed , nnd that if anybody had gon 9 there to break j them up , they would Have repelled them force to force , j He told me that they had four double-barrelled guns , and two or three single-barrelkd ones . This was said ' at the end of August Nobody was with us when the ' conversation took place . '
By Mr . M'Oubray . —1 was ouce a Cbartibt myself . 1 am a weavtr , and am in employment now . 1 have a respect for the laws . 1 never sold tea in my life . Charles f larack examined by Mr . Wortley -In Aug . last , I was employed as a designer to Messra . Wanfclin , at Ashton . On the 18 th of August a mob came and turned oat tte bands . We returned to work on the following day , but they turned us oat again . We then remained out till the 522 nd . On the 24 th , the mob came again . Upwards of 400 or 600 came to tbe rates , and there were thousands about The gates were fastened , and they broke them down . They threw stones into the engine house , and a number got into the wheels . The Magistrates and special constables came up while this was going on , and they -were stoned by the same parties .
erattan M * Cabe , examined by Sir Gregory Lswin— J am a police superintendent at Burnley . I apprehended Beesley , one of the defeodacta , on the 3 rd of September . 1 found a printed pap&r upon him . 1 now produce it . The officer of the Court read the paper . It was a resolution approving of the continuance of the " struggle" until the Charter should become a legislative enactment By Mr . O Connoi—1 did sot attend a meeting of shopkeepers at Blackburn , adopting the People ' s Charter . 1 did not hear yon speak at Burnley . J . bad other speeches reported but not yours . It was too difficult . The procession through the tcwo was qsite contemptible . We had beea led to expect a very foxmidable procesaien , and the police were prepared far them . ; When we saw that the number was so very small , we did not take any farther notice of them .
Mr . Issechar Thorp examined by Mr . Hildyard—I am a manager of the bleach works of Messrs . Nelld , at Stalybridge . Oar works bad been stopped . I understood that there was a body in Stalybridge who granted licenses to renew work . I went to the place at which they were represented to meet , and saw a number of persons there . I communicated the object I bad in wishing to meet the committee . I told them that we wanted the power to work np the cloth , which was in process of bleaching . In consequence of what was said , I went to the Moulders' Arms ; A small piece of paper was produced purporting to grant permission to renew work .
l"he paper was pnt in and read . It was as follows" We , the Committee of Stalybridge , think it our duty to illow you every protection in vat power to finish tbe
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pieces already in danger , but we will not go beyond that point " " On behalf of the Committee , « Te the Dokinfleld Bleach Works . " After 1 received that paper , our mill was allowed to work until we had finished the pieces then in process of manufacture , when tbe works ceased and stopped for seven or eight days . By Mr . O'Connor-r-1 do not know what Committee 1 went to—whether it waa the committee of " public safety" or not ' .
Mr . Peter Jamison examined by tbe Attorney-General —I am a tailor , and live at Stalybridge . My men were turned out . 1 had orders for mourning ; after that 1 went to a public house at Stalybridge , to get permission for the men to make the mourning . Tbe first time 1 went 1 saw Fenton and Durham , two of the defendants . They said that they bad business of importance to attend to , and 1 must come again . 1 afterwards received apiece of paper from one of my men , for per mission to work . In a day or two , two persons came to the house to see whether we were making mourning or not They found a coloured jacket which a man bad been repairing , and they remarked that that was sot mourning . My wife suggeatsd that tbe men should take the work home , in Order that there might be no
disturbance . William Barker , examined by the Attorney-General —1 was in the employ of Mr . Jamieson , in August last 1 remember going to the Moulders' Arms , in Stalybridge . to present my master ' s compliments to the committee , to ask permission to make mourning for a funeral , In oxder that -we might show it to the mob . 1 received a small ' piece of paper which 1 did not read , and gave it to my master . By Mr . O'Connor—Have you ever had any quarrel with your master ? Witness—No . Have you ever been charged with any offence by him ?—No , not by him . Who then?—Some of the men charged me with taking two or three " rags" from the shopboard , but they couldn't prove it Why , what did yon take the rags for ?—To put in my hat , to carry a small bundle on .
What , was your head sjff— ( laughter ) . —1 put ' em In to carry some swill on—( laughter / . What sort of swill?—Swill for pigs . Was it your own swill ?—Was It your ' s ?—( laughter ) . It was bought and paid for . Now , these rags . What were they ?—The other men said they were " spare trimmings ''—( laughter . ) Is that what you call callage ?—( great laughter ) . — No , now't so good —( laughter ) . Bat yoar master being a " swell , " you wanted something Bof t on which to carry the swill ?—1 defy you . or any other mm to charge me . Were you threatened to be brought before the Magistrates for it ?¦— 1 was threatened to be brought before an attorney . But you see 1 am not brought to justice yet . No , you are brought to justice now , and as you have got , before the Attorney-General , you may go down—( luuehter ) .
By tbe Attorney General—1 waa never charged by my master with any offence . 1 am not in his employ now . Mr . George Roberts , book-keeper to Mensra . Potter , of tbe Dlnton Vale bleach works , Duckenfleld ; and Henry Roberts , in the service of Mbssts Robinson , bleachers , Duckenfleld , were called to prove that they had received a license from a committee of operatives , to enable the above firms to resume their operations . At the conclusioa of the examination of the last-mentioned witness , The AttonKiy-Genoral rose and said 1 am extremely happy , my Lord , to tell you that the case for tbe prosecution is closed .
The Judge called the Attorney-General's attention to the case , and to the indictment , especially as to the counts for riot . As to some of the defendants there was no evidence at all ; && to others there was evidence of their being present in assemblages with sticks , ( fee . ; and as to others there was no evidence of each nets ; but there was evidence as to their assembling as delegates . The AUorney-Ganoral—In a case of misdemeanour it is not \ t all necessary that all dofmdants should be convicted on one count .
The Judge—1 think you can't have an indictment for a misdemeanour , in which you charge A and B for stealing money , and then for an assault , and find A guilty of one offence , B of another , and C of a third . Attorney-General—My Lord , 1 will state what did occur before Lord Dennian when I remember taking precisely the same objection as that now stated by your Lordship . Somo persons were charged with a conspiracy , some with obtaining menry , and some with obtaining falseevidence . In that case some of the defendants were convicted on one count , and some on another , Lord Dennian ruled that it was perfectly competent , in case
of misdemeanour to indict for a riot and assault , if there were two eonnta . This rule was acted upon , and a number of the defendants were convicted on the first count , and some on the second . And I think , my Lord , that this furnishes a striking illustration of the importance of the principle . One of the counts in this indictment is for a riot . Your Lordship knows that a riot in essentially different from an unlawful meeting , and the punishment is different I take that some of these defendants might be found guilty of riot I don't mean to say that any auch charge can exist against Mr . Scholefield .
Mr . Dundas—The Attorney-General opened his speech in this w iy . Ho said the question was , whether the defendants hod unlawfully conspired together to bring about a change in the Constitution by takinc advan * age of the late strike . We , on tbe part of the defendants , understood that thatwas to be the question in this case . I understood that if these parties were to be convicted , tkiy were to be convicted for the same offence ; 1 understood that that was acquiesced in by the Attorney-General . Tbe Attorney-General—1 beg my Learned Friend's pardon , 1 did not acquiesce in any such thing . Mr . Dundas—Surely then , the Attorney-General ought to have stated that be intended to depart from the course which he chalked ont in his opening . The Judge—What he now says is , that it is competent for him to find the defendants guilty of separate offences .
Mr . Wortley—So far from acquiescing in the course pointed out by the other side , 1 said 1 could not then discuss the question . Now my Lord , 1 bog to call your lordship ' s attention to a case which 1 think especially applies , and which was tried before Mr . Justice Cresswell , at Liverpool . Tbe name of tbe defendant was Kelly , and the indictment was something very similar to the one now under discussion . There was a count for ft Conspiracy , a Hot , and for an unlawful assemblage . There was no evidence of a conspiracy . Then as to the riot There was a large meeting held at Ashton ,
amounting to an illegal assemblage . Tbe mob proceeded to a mill in a body , and tbe re was a riot At tbe first flush of the case , Mr . Justice Cresswell was of opinion that two separate transactions musk be referred to , in order to allow one set of the defendants to be convicted on one count and seme on another . We shewed his Lordship , however , tbat the transaction was all one , by tracing the mob from one place to another , and thus we obtained a conviction of riot against some , and against others for an unlawful assemblage .
Tbe Attorney-General—1 can assure yon , my Lord , that this indictment has been carefully framtd with a view to that ; same object . The Judge—But is it not a great hardship against the defendants , if they do not know to what charge to direct their attention , when they come to defend themselves ? l mean those who do not appear by Counsel . Tke Attorney General—1 will put a case , my Lord . 1 will suppose that there are a number of persons outside Manchester , and they join those inside the town , for some purpose or other . They divide themselves , one part going in one direction , and another in another , and each party doing certain acts , one exceeding
in magnitude the other . 1 think you might indict them along with others who took a subordinate share in those transactions , and by proper counts you might include them all in one indictment Mr . Sergeant Mnrpby—Your Lordship will perceive that all the defendants are charged with conspiring together . Supposing it should appear that twelve persons conspired together to cause a cessation from labour , in order to effect an advance of wages , and tbat twelve others were to conspire to effect a change in the law . Shall it be said that the former are to be convicted because the others took advantage of the strike .
Tbe Judge—The only thing which staggers me is the case quoted by Mr . Wortley . 1 don't see that there ia anything unreasonable in the proposition which has Just been submitted by the Attorney-General ; but in this indictment , the defendants are indicted for a con-^ p iracy to cause riots , and another for the perpetration of riots , which ore perfectly distinct acte . Mr . Dundas—Yes , and met by different punishments . The Judge—I have a record to deal with , and 1 don't know how to get at it , but by taking the opinion of the
jury on each case . 'Some of the defendants are in the last indictment , who are not in tbe first , and some are in the flist who are not in the last 1 feel considerable doubt whether any judgment could be got in each a record . Tbece is no doubt that it is the commonest thing in the world that where a party is charged with a felony , he make his election , and 1 confess 1 don't Bee tbe difference between a felony and misdemeanour , on auch a subject . TUe difficulty is , tbat the defendants will have great difficulty in knowing which charge is intended to hit them . : .
The Attorney-General—That which appears to you Lordship to be a difficulty , has been very well conudered by these who nave advised the Crown . The Judge—As tbe Attorney-General says tbat much dlseaOilon hua taken plaoe upon this point , my view of the ease may be erroneous . All 1 can do , however , is this—if there is no count abandoned 1 must take a verdict on each . The Attorney-General—Then , my Lord , 1 will at once abandon tbe count for riot Mr . O'Connor—Come Mr . Attorney-General , abandon the whole thing with a good grace —( laughter . ) The Judge—That implies the four last ; counts .
The Attorney-General—Your Lordship knows there is an obvions reason . The Judge—That exonerates all the defendants . The Attorney-General—Your Lordship is aware that the pnniBhment in cases of riot is different , arid
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may proceed to a length to whioh I have no desire to expose some-of the defendants , against whom that charge cannot be sustained . ' The Judge—I think you will see , that that applies to all the last four counts . [ The Judge read tbe seventh count , and referred to the sixth . } The Attorney-Geueral—1 wiH ^ take any conrse your Lordship thinkB right . - The Jadge—I confe 38 I think you will do much wiser to Abandon the last four counts , which really relate to j actual riot , of which , as against the bnJk of the defendants , there ia no evidence at all . The Attorn ^ -General—My Lord , I put Mr . Scholefield forward ag a prominent instance of one of the defendants who was certainly not within that : and it isjbut fair to say , that I should not propose , or at ail desire , to deal bo very differently with some , as compared with others of the defendants , as to expose them to punishment so very different .
The Judge—The question we may take to be in the five ( first counts—are all there conspiring to cause anjalteration in the laws and constitution , by making the people cease from labour , or inciting them to do it , which will be nearly the same thing \ Then , asjto the fifth count , I have some doubt whether that does strictly charge tbe defendants —[ his lordship read the count]—with conspiring not to do anything by violence , but merely to persuade the people to cease from labour . I know there are different opmions in very high quarters as to whether
that constitutes a crime or not . It Then becomes a question whether you will confine them to the first four counts . Thereforewe may consider the riot as entirely ont of the question .. The Attorney-General assented ; but added—I do not think the sixth and seventh counts involve an actual riot . The Judge—No ; they do not . You may choose to go on with them ; but it seems to me very desirable to limit the number of counts as much as possible ; and I think you will find that , substantially , the first four counts compromise all .
The Attorney-General asked to see the indictment , and at this time the jury retired for a few minutes to take refreshment . After their return , tbe Attorney-General intimated that the Judge would give him till the nest morning to consider what course he . would adopt , and therefore he would only say now , tbat he abandoned ail charge of riot against the defendants . The Judge—That leads us substantially to know what you will do ; and I think , if not in point of form , at \ least in substance , that limits it to the offences as charged in the early counts . Tn&re is conspiring , and inciting to desist from work , and by seditious placards , &c , with intent to bring about a change in the laws and constitution .
The Attorney-General— I believe that the offence of riot subjects tbe parties convicted of it to bard labour . 1 have no desire to make any distinction between one set of persons and another , with respect to any tb . ing of that Eort ; and I beg that that may be distinctly understood . ( Other placards , including that headed " Run for gold , " were put in , and taken as read . ) At half-past two o'clock , Mr . Dundas then rose , and said tbat the case for the prosecution having now closed , the Attorney-General , in bis discretien , calling no more witnesses on tbe part of tho indictment which he was there to sustain , it became ] bis ( Mr . Dandas ' s ) duty to preaent himself before them , as counsel for Bobert Brooke ,, one of tbe
defendants , and to state U the Jury fairly , as a freeman out ; ht , what were tbe grounds on which he taid not guilty to this charge . Bat before be proceeded to enter into thiB case , allow him to remind them . ^ in common conscience to the other defendants , he ought to { remind them , that he appeared but for Robert Brooke alone , that the other defendants were some of them represented by learned friends of bis , whom he invoiced in having associated with him in this workjof privilege , defending those persons whose interests were entrusted to their charge ; and others of tbe defendants appeared there by . themselves to receive at the hands of the Jury , upon what they migut say for themselves , that fair and liberal construction , j which be bad not the slightest doubt they
would pay to the humblest of them all , as much as if be were represented by a gentleman , the highest in bis profession , whom be bad the honour of sitting by at that moment . He would add one more fact , which he trusted tbe Jury , from the beginning to the end , would bear in mind—that each and all of the defendants , though they were joined in one common charge in this indictment , stood severally on their own deliverance , and therefore their ; harge was not in tbe first place against them all , but it was , in ] the first place , with respect to each , to see whether , ! by the force of truth—by that necessity which ought to weigh on jast minded men , they found ihemselve ? compelled by what was given in evidence to find any one of the defendants guilty on this
indictrutnt . Having made these preliminary observations , wbicb be trusted tbe jury would not think ill-timed , he would , with their permission , proceed to say something on behalf ' of his client . They would remember that in the calm ; and formal opening of this case , which was made by the Attorney-General on the previous Wednesday morning , tbat tbe name of bis client , Brooke , never transpired—tbat although be ( Mr . Dundas ) sat , lunging and wanting to know upon whit grounds Robert Brooke was to be found guilty of this charge , from the opening of tbe address tu the close of it , he never had bis attention pointed to it at all . He did not complain . ¦ He did not complain of the want of candour on tbe part of his learned Friend . Tbe multiplicity of the defendanta made it no such easy matter for-a man to
point to particular evuUnce applicable to -each . But he did find this difficulty , and he bad found it not only a grievance , ! but a very considerable burden , tbat he bad not from the first an opportunity of knowing what was the particular charge to be preferred against bis client , and upon what species } of evidence it was tbat a conviction was sought at their bands . He knew by the indictment the nature of the charges that were going to be brought against Brooke , but when he told them ; tbat that indictment contained nine counts , many of them of a different sort from tbe other , they would easily perceive tbat it did open tbe door , to a certain degrte , to vague and undefined accusations , if tbe Crown did not make a particular count fit against Die defendants . See what was the coosequeob ? of this .
The Attorney-General , in bis opening , put the iB 3 Ue on this single point . He charged the defendants that , by large assemblages , they had endeavoured , by force , threats , and intimidation , to breed such alarm in the country as | to produce a change in some of the great features of tbe Constitution . That was the general charge wbicb tbe Attorney-General had heaped upon all the defendants , and against bis client , a poor , lame man , living at Todniorden , was all tbe strength of the Crown to be borne down by tkia single issue ? He ( Mr . Dundas ) on tbe part of tbat poor man , was there to fay that be had dene no such thing ; tbat he had intended to do no such thing ; but that hU intention and act , if they took j the whole evidence , ¦ which touched htm at all , was to induce the people who were out on strike to
adopt the j principles of the Charter . And he would say , in the presence of the Court , taat that waa quite a different thing from saying , tbat by threats and intimidation , he sought to breed such alarm in the country , asjto produce a fundamental change in some points of tbe constitution . Tbe object of his client was to induce tbe ( people , by reasonable means—by auch means as when they came U > apply their minds Co tbe evidence , they would say these means were , to adopt' tbe Six Points of the Charter . What was the strike ? and then they trould see what Was the Charter .. He ( Mr . Dundas ) would say , that if the men w « re out on strike , and if he were a Chartist , he contended that he might take advantage of the circumstance to induce those men j to accomplish that which by- legal enact *
ment only ; could be accomplish&d , and which they thought would cure the mischief that had bronght the strike about . Hi knew that this was a bold proposition , but one wbicb , in a free country , a free man bad a right to make , asd on the part of his client he was prepared to abide by it , and to show that beyond that be had no intention , by force , by threats , and by intimidation , to do anything tbat might induce tbe people who were out on strike , to come into tbe principles of the Charter . If he bad sought by bayonet , by pistol , and violence of that kind , to bring about tbe Charter , no doubt it would have been illegal ; but they would } find that he had done no such thing , it was by moral and not by physical force that he had endeavoured to implant the principles of the Charter .
He would mow ask them what was tbe strike ? AH those ! who lived in this connty would remember the beginning and origin , very likely , of the differences between the workmen and their masters . He was not there curiously to dive into the particular causes -which brought about the disagreements between the working men and their masters . It was enough for him tbat the working classes , in different parts j-of the country , Were extremely dissatisfied with their wages , tbat they were , whether well or ill founded , under the impression that their wages were about to be still further reduced , and , consequently , they did that which by law they were entitled to do , assemble together , aud under the law in tbat behalf , consider for i themselves tbat question which had again
and again met tbe eare of tbe Jury in the course of this inquiry—whether for a fair day ' s work they could not have a fair jday'a wage . ^ JBy law , every working man had a right to sell his labour to the best advantage , and that as Ithe masters were protected ., 80 Were the mea , and that as the masters might combine to see what wages they would give , so might the working men combine to see what wages they really would accept from their masters . Every man might meet ] to do this thing without any fear of eonseqnencei The « th of Geo . iy . & 12 » , made in July , 1825 , folly bore him out in this particular . The 4 th section of that act specially provided that it should
not " extend to subject any persons to ptwlahwesb who should meet together for the sole pjwpose of considering the rate of wages or tbe prices which tbe persons then present , abalfrequire for his or her work . " There was a protection to every person . Every working man > whether VKwely or unwisely , whether reasonably or unreasonably dissatisfied , bad a full rig&t , under the sanction of this law , to meet bis fellow workmen ; and to consider in what manner they might bring aJt > out a better rate of wages . The Jury would find that ' at' all those meetings , which were alluded to before ' what was called the invasion of Manchester ( altuotgh ' he was not going to defend any vfoiesce V iat « mperao » of
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language or conduct , ) that the object was a discul of wages , though very often the Charter snperjw Did any man donbt that the original object of ^ meettiigs was to tffeet a better ^ remun ^ ratioii ' for lata and that they thought , wb ^ ttitt ¦ rea sbnablj ^ oi ; na | would not stop to Inquire , that their . " wages •* & remain in their then state of depression , until the ^ ment of the Charter had been awsompllshed ? He ! Dapdas ) was noi ; Ghartist , but be differed immeai with many p ^ neaa who thought that the ( 5 bart ^ tained nothing of : troth- Ha , had strong opinions politics / but he never ibJolK ^ ripotf a'imWas ;* bk ^ ject , who differed wittr him in Boine ; fandamentoi ™ clple . -&e , . I ^* -H viBdi ^ -- -. « ee- / itoi 6 »; of tBose optfb wbicb , in his youth , Were reprobated ak bad , as ] &
Heal ; and ? dangerous , adopted by titeyyery seraS whose Tangle was ever readily employed in S smearing those who dare" to indulge thein , aS in denouncing them as open enemies to { & constitution . One of the poinia of SS Charter was the Vote by Ballot , Who did not remS ber that twenty yews ago , any person advocating tltt ballot , would have been put dowri by the commpn " co 3 sent of all parties , as a madman ; whereas now , Jt vac Impossible to go into any company or society , in ¦ ijjjk this much maligned mode of voting did not find ' a ^^ ders . He knew that many honest and well meanW men were opposed to the ball ofe » be Ir ^ w tha ^ n ^ w had yielded a reluctant assent to the principles oTtai constitution , as it now existed . If there was truth m it oold oi later
a principle , w sooner estabUsb itself & spite of all the opposition tliat might be raised agjW it . It seemed as if a man who flonght anygaaiiEe S all , was to be looked on by some parties as d ange * J ^ and who wished to npsefc the constitotion , as though" M had no idea that by moralmeans hemightput forth hjl views and take advantage of the generally expresses ! opinion of the country . Now , the strike , as he ^ nftr before said , was upon wages . His client was a GbartSfcl He thonght among atber things , that it waanotneeS saty that members of Parliament should have any S liflcatton while sitting there . He ( Mr . Bunaii should be a very unworthy Scotsman , if he were is say that he did not think that that was a very bad law * There were fifty-six menibers for Scotland , and nrf
one of them had a property qualification at all , go tKtf there were some things in the Charier that were ^ ot so ridiculous and reprehensible as some parties teemiX . to be disposed to think . Now . then , there beingaatritt tbe men who composed it thought they never wo ^ E be better off till they obtained the Charter ; aai Kf wdold say that a Chartist had a right to say to thowparties who were discontent with their wages , if laS | folly discontented , — " I approve your ; remaining out ® work nntil the Charter shall become tbe law of t&a land . " He would now ask to carry back the recolleol tions of the Jury for a moment to what was the co ^ dition of the country , from the beginning of July mI to tbe end of August In different parte of the country ^ there were thousands of persons out of ' . wotfe Jm
believed they had it in evidence that some of tasst parties could not get into work again , —that # het ^ it was true or false of maay , it certainly was true < jf h one or two millowners , that they intended to closs tbgi ^ works for a month , and . they would not take into tfceifl employment the men who applied for work .: ' Tte : ! fia » l would find that there was no great disapproval oathafl part of the shopkeepers of those parties ' who ; w&ftsthe strike , but they would find that they were Ungljf to believe that it would be a good thing for tbei ^ iji well as for tbe working classes . themselves , if U 4 I Charter could be constitutionally enacted , and , taereif fore , those persons who were Chartiitsr-he was nott now . defending tbeir intemperance—songht ^ td ' acaiS * plisb that object , and from the very moment at ghT cfi . " they first found his client in the field , they woold finSj
that all he asked for was a fair dayayrage forafsSr day's work , and until they could obtain jhatfo reaaJn out of work . He ( Mr . Dundas ) maintained that toil was perfectly legal . But although the viemof gofflfifl these men on Chartism were so very strongs what hip peued ? It was a most aatoniahirig thing that so nianj persons should be in so many different parts of the « S try , should be under no particular leader , ' rirnt ' unal some benign influence ¦ which he supposed must W called a love of "peace , law , and ord-r , " thoughffiS broke peace here , and did not keep order there , —ye generally under some such influence , they were opt ;( work for many aud many a day , they cpngregai ^ ti great nambers without doing any great violeuce ^^ g ? son or property . His Learned Friend , toe A ^ MttSf
General , bad given bis full admiratioa to these partiiMt and be ( Mr . Dondas ) firmly believed tfiaifc this could nre have happened in any other country , that thousands ill persons should be in the greatest necessity , and yet df no act of violence to life , and that acts . of vj ^ lence , committed for their own per ^ o ^; | J ^ were almost nothing at all—when they saw ' t ^_ a »; repeated that it was a most surprising ^ d astod « af ing thing , and be <» ald not help wandflMng it ^ tW-A conduct of those men , who , under no guidan » J ||> tbat of "peace , law , and order , " whiebv " the : Att& « 5 fc §; General bad said were words only pat mto ; tbe | 4 § moHths—that this large body of men should baTabMfliso long on tbe face of the country , and no vio lejw ^ . ^ or scarcely any , offered to the life , limb , or ' prop ^ rty ;^
of any individual . However , tbe penpleh-got ^ lB ^ I ; Manchester , and he would take the Jury from-. tta ^ ^ time when Manchester was first spoken of onthefltb ;; - j of August , when a great meeting was held U ^ m ^' 0 and when tbe people were going into : Mancbsiteir where there was to be a meeting of delegate . "' -WhaV was the evidence on this patt of tb ^ transirtsoii ? Where were the people to go to t TThy , " iSqrj b ^| f '¦ ¦( the evidence of Turner to show that PiJim ? , on > of ^ tba- / . defendants , had said tbat he wished to go witb . tb ^; t ! body of the people , to meet ttC msiter |^ lM } U ^\ J maatere would not meet them , to obtain : ' -aJbir diy 5 ^^ wage for a fair day ' s work , and not to , be eatifl 2 e ^ 5 | until they get the Charter . Some muls were ; si » pp ^^ y j :: but no further damage was done by tb ^ larg | 8 . 1 bMy ^^| v marched into Manchester- Before this time ; ti ^ cOTid ; . be no doubt that the Chartiats intenaMitafhifB-ifcjA
great meeting , in Manchester , on the 16 tb : ; or 17 » . ofj August , on several grounds . First , there hadj || iett > , some failing out in the body , and they thbugbMt 3 ^ % J able to have a meeting of delegates , so aat ; tbe ^ sh ^ $ in some way or other , settle these things among ^ theni-v : selves ; to take their organization ( for they had a rightto be organized , if they kept the peace ) into consldera ^ tion , in order to see whether it required alteration . ;; Secondly , those persons were to meet as delegates , * were to celebrate tbe 16 th of August , the day when ) Mr ;( Hunt ' s monument was to be ^ airly opened to the public ^ Well , Mr . Brooke was appointed a delegatei ; to ; # ?! if Conference - Was there anything illegaliritbis ?^ ^ , apprehended that there was none whatever . ynieili ^ F : notice they had of his client was the evia ^ ee ^ M ^ at the
having been s ^ en Conference , at Manchester ^ - < 0 ; . the 17 th of August , in Mr . Scholefield's ' . chapjet 4 ^ they took the evidence of Cartledge and Grifiin , bo | Ij « of whom had be 6 n put forward on the otlvBriiBj ^ wiHtf : parties who must know the trath , tbeybwedp ^^ that that Conference was wholly irrespectivei ^ DIJtl ' : turn out in different parts of the ( sdun' ^/ ipw ft could be no doubt that for weeks aad weeks thwtJoij , 5 ference bad been originated before the atrilte -too f place . Cartledge had said that he ^ ^ W ^ mC : delegate at the meeting , and tb . at . be ^ jtims fctend to do anything illegal , but that , oa-i&j ||| H ^ trary , the Conference was met to consider tbetSu ^ •? agitation , and tbe celebration of the openipgplEJ ^ ft monument They had the evidence of G ? i : ft ^| igi j
same fact , that tbe meeting of delegates was nfqgTOW batore the strike , and he had stated the pbjec ^ oJ ^ W ; Conference to be the same . But was Mr . Huo | B m | p ! ment a reasonable thing that the delegates aboj ^; m || at Manchester on the 16 th of August , or * & } $° ! 0 m excuse for their being there ? Wby , they badjS ^ fe dence of most respectable parties to ^ sh » Wi ti ^ t ^ years past there bad been an assemblage of im mm& at Manchester op that day . Mr . M Mnllin ,. 4 Dpft ^ pS tor of Police , had seen these assembiag ^ s ^ tt ^ t ^ year before last he witnessed an assemblage . oIJS . Ow persons in honour of the memory of Mr .. Httntija ^ toafc on the last 16 th of August , a similar ftanifestBQD ? was intended . But was this gathering to be the mesffil ; of breaking up all the leading interestsf of ^ Manchertelr
in order to bring about the enactment of- tte h" # «^ :-and thus to upset the Government ? Now the aiBipawi ment of the procession was placarded all oveiJMancbWf ter . and then arose the strike . What was done ?; W . bM if the people had desired tooveriurn the ^ nfetiW tion iW « break the peace , or to upset the ciy 4 goreinnient ^ Manchester , as was alleged by the Learned Cpan ^ WW the other side , would it have been believedjtbatfl ^^ f the excitement which prevailed , they issued a pla ^ wvf giving tbe people to understand that tne fliopuai ^ would not be opened onthe , l 6 th of Angust , for . & ( p that any breach of the peace should occur ?/ On fi l ?| 15 th of August , there came out an aimonriceii *!? §< stating that in consequence of the unexpected exoit vfy
ment occasioned by the turn-out for wages , the pro ^ sion in honour of Mr . Hunt ' s monument would DOti iw ^ place . Tbat waa a reasonable announcement , wfateb | V ;; authorities saw with their own eyes , and if i tbe re ^?;; any meaning in language , it must be taken ; that *^ K placard was issued by the Chartist body , && toP&W by them to keep the peace and to promote ^ prder ; M ^ p part of her Majesty ' s dominions . S ' ow ^ soilDe ' of ^ pl parties who bad a right to taik ; about ih ^ wajjes . c ^| S ducted themselves in a very tumuituoiu manner , bnjjv Btill the meeting ' of delegates took place . - ; ¦ JBwok » : T »> p appointed delegate fer Todmorden , and he went toOTmeeting of Conference . What happened ? B » : ( Continued in our first paims m £
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CCONKOB , Esq . of : HamkoersmiUH Coui | fv ; , Middlesex , by JOSHUA H ^ O ^ It ^ j Ml ;^ ing Offices , JSo ^ lSand l ^ Miuito ^ str ^ i ^ s ^ p , . . and Published by the s ^ d Josh !^ "HOBSOI ^ i / ( for the .. said Fbx ^ qvs [ Q' ^^ s 6 ^^ A ' ^ 1 ^ & . ' . ling-house , No . 6 , ; B ^ keWbr ^ V ?^^?^ i ; rS ^ J internal Ceramunication ^ risang be ^^^ the /^ f ; No . 5 , Market-street , and- ' tbelsai ^^^^ JmS 13 , M ^ keVstreeV Bria ^ te ,. ' , U ^ a : j |^^ j ^^»^' _ * whole of the said Printing and Publi ^^ C «^| V ^ one Premises . . . . ¦ ¦ ¦> ' ^ f cSfSllp ^ All Communications niust be adiresUed /^ i ^^^^ - . Mr . Hc ^ oi ^ -W ^ m ; JS ^ O | loB ^|^| * S ^ J |^
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8 THE NORTHERN STAR . I ^^ | H
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' . ¦ " ¦" ¦ ¦ ; . > .-. ' v .: ^ ' .- '' -:: : ' ^ - " Ieeds : —Printed for the Proprietor JPJEi ; A' RQffl .: /
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1843, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct793/page/8/
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