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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th August 1843, Edition 4 of 4, Page 7, Cfcartfet 3Ettt^Iltsc««

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      Untitled Article

      PJU . V . KKSAT . BROTHERHOOD . LETTEB . XXL 10 THE KDUOS OP THB HOETHESB STAB . Sib , —I BboiM hare tad " jnnchpleaOTTe in continn-^ ngiBj jexnsrSa on ajje iTrcnminary Ctarfcer , bnt the jJbbs jbb eSdently jrasai ^ farward » V tech a iapid j » ie towards great arid eventful changes , and tha neces-^^ of a wwind . and trne Organ ! z » Sioii 7 of ife © people to jue ^ snd ^ iiectiiieae ciian gBS to the tmiTBiKd good Is ^ com hig-bo apparent , ta » £ I mast Tor a time defer yTT . « rWng -npog th&t doenment . all imperbmt .- «» j& j ^ and aiBTOte myBelf to laying tefow your waders such jnggttfiiins witbTegaraio the comae tbsy abnold parsob as "will assist them in the- great badness they propose to ^ ndertake , at the next meeting of the delegates , jjs & » Qu 8 3 n fiia most tffecta&l Banner , I hare Traced as the beading of 1 Mb letter , the end I seek ; ima l ihaB ixe&fc my *»* 9 e «* under three disHnefc di-I 4 N I . Vktd 3 AT . TH ? IVrW UUHAATI I

      TJBOBMi A -- - I istl diall point out the present position of the social , paEikafc andjcelfeions affiura orsbls country . 2 nd . JScsmine the TariousieaiediesthaVhaTe hitherto teen proposed , to remoTe what has heen found oppres-^ TO , 3 rd . Shew that It is now incumbent on us , to introflncea xev order of things , and point out the mode in -rhi < & this is tol » effected , With regard to the first part of my mbje < ± , the three flMfioas I hare named sodal , ^ olififal , and jeligicms , are j 3 » o Tntftniteirjr Mervfled and depend so much on each other that I shall Toot be disposed to treat of Ihem » paiatdj , ; bBlT- witt ^ endeatonrio Jay before you ai oonsiBe } y as poBsible , Q » leading matteri which now ocenpythepahllcmind , 16 cally and generally .

      The first in order , as at present the most absorbing 3 s ae queaSon of Justice for Ireland . TM « is a subject wMcfc bar hifliato been treated with the greatest l&ntj bjlfcfr Tulins inen of aU parties in the state ; » ome baring been determined on acting in opposition to the will « l the people , an * ibrelng their opinions and feelings in -iiM anort ' arl > iirarymanner , relying "WboBs spon fi ^ irata thafcfhey -were enabled to brine to anfores them ; whilst d&ers ^ fcav * tbonght by the most niggardly , partial , and petty measures of relief .

      to obtain the gratJtnds of amSningandstost enduring people , Whilst they have -withheld from them nearly aU the izghtaio-which they irere etfHHed . A new state of affairs ha * howeTerspmi ^ tip in irelaodj and 1 shall in a fntnre letter , point * ont to -what extent redress is now proposed to be given to them ; and how much farther it should be- earned . In the meantime Mr . O 13 onnfill is so well managing his business of leader , thai- » e eanDotao ietter -flian watch every movement be makes , and endeavour to profit by the highly ¦ valnable experienceheiiprocuring Jor us .

      - _ - The tifixt snbject that I shall bHng to yonrnofice is the state of Wales . Prom the difference of language , from , their iaoIstBd position , and 3 rom many -other erases .. 1 beHsva 4 he pnblie generally -were little aware of theloealisnd-genenl grievances , under whie& She agricultural division ^ of the Welsh ^ population -were labouring ; and it was notmnffl Rebecca and her dangh ten took npbn themselves the * flTwfa > gtJ n ««\ r t of -what they Seemed justice , that these griTance erald be at aU hsoagnfcbelacecajB public " view ; "Thu ladyias , however , thoroughly aronsed public attention , and her proceedings -will be watched with an intense interest Tbsreare some MmariB in your paper of ( his day copied from &b Times newspaper trhh-h ^ xpruBs so Tondbly the povrer of food Organisation that 1 mnst again , call the attention of yenireaders to them , by embodying them ifihislettet

      "WepereeiTO ' wiaiDnch -concern that the Rebecca disturbances shew no symptom of decrease . Jforare the iresh orcunulances ~ wHch are vaguely hinted at , tit n&rKTfH $ HrtnynmTn \* fi rmr apprehensions as to the character which these remarkable outrages may assume . It is more and more beliered that men of education we concerned in them . This derives eonxtder&ble probatnHiy train . &tB obvious » vra and imity wifh Trhiih the operations of the rioters are planned Bad erecuted , ana it adds aot a little to the seriousness with whish ; they deserve to be regarded . Withont a head no rising of the people has ever proved permauenliy fdrmMablej private Jealousy—usttowiissb of

      TifiTfa—Bcantiness of miormaSon —^ ignoranee—credulity —^ want of order and conceniratioa—these ate pecn"nsritrea "whieh generally attend and mar a movement . It Is the one leader , cognizant of the power and -weakness ef the classes whom he is opposing , and irhose ¦ very name faring * artier , arrangement , and self-reliance into the ranks , giving a definite direction to their energies , understanding their real ^ 'PI ^ Hct , and stifling then suicidal disputes for precedence , —it is the educated acknowledged commander who makes that dan-Serous which tnmld otherwise he TmwcMeToaa ; -who tan threaten thB ^ weQ-beiDj » of the state , instma of TnpTyly ^ lfj ^ gV Mng ^ Beighbourioodj XH ffrr \\ ucrpua . rno ^ eabmet ^

      Those -3 » ho may bave Ttad the original win see tint I have left out a few occasional words ; but I think the passage as . above reads smooCber , and is more strictly true i but as I ahaH haveagabito * rfei to this mevement when speaking ef the remedies proposed , I ¦ will only sayjiow , that if unity be requisite for destrno tive purpotes how -very much more so must it be for eonsirnc £ ing- » new crUer of society i ^ nd -vrithoct this be dons we shall iave no peruaneat redress . 33 } e sot matter to which I win call attenUon as tj \ pf « jfmrpc ^ ipWy ifrrp ^ tpnin g coDclusiVB consEqnences , is the state of the mining districts . If the reports of the iron trade be anything like correct , and -of that there appears to 1 » scarcdy a doubt ; ~ we have before us the prospect of a movement *» nrmg the mimw that ¦ win sot fan to strike awe and terror into the stoutest mnih "when considered in relation to the general « . fiT « Tr » of the country . ..

      The : next sub ject . 1 ahall iiotJcs , not from its intrinsic importance , ; bnt ; from the -rigour and activity -with 'which it has been carried into the agricultural districts , and from tte faction -which it has there produced wMIst opposing what -were considered the strong holds ol monopo ^ , is . the Anti-Cozn law movement . T ^ ih&ll aexi notice , the Tapia depression which is going forward among the agricultural interests . For Bonis ^ years ; paSE this interest has been jso rapidly absorbing the means ef aH other parties , that it has teen deaf to anything Bfce a demand for change or

      improvement . Believing , xd the limited view that agriculturists take of things , th&t Hxq only change ¦ wanted to secure a ean&niaace of the benefits they were obtaining , -was a Tory government , they -were , with , the assistance of the clergy , well organizid , and effected this object . ^ Experience is , however , most rapidly oonvinctng them that force and fraud cansotszochlongBr rule the-destinies of this country ; and they -will -very soon 1 » glad to make common cause with their fellow : men for the pnrpose of procuring that happiness sow so much needed byaH .

      I have next to call attention to the opposition that is felt to the new Poor Lstt Act This measuxe , -when it was introduced , received the cordial assent of all -the so called great lBadins JpxrBes of the state ; and has , perhaps , from the suffering it has prodoced , advanced the cause of human regeneration more rapidly than its framers ever centemplated . It appears to be thB xataie oT man that lie v-Ji only discern the road to happiness through pain and suffering 3 and it is certain that -when the « yes of all elaxseafhsve been thoroughly opsned to the great misery which this act has produced , it w 31 tend most powerfully to assist in developing that ¦ nahn-ttT system of aociety , -which coaia "be immsdisiely istrodneed , iot onlywithout injary to any single Individual of the human raca , but with the greatest possi bis benefit to every man , -woman , and child , sow in existence , and with themost rapidly progressive benefit to all future generations .

      In chureh affisirs ,-lreland is mostJnsUy eomplaSaing at finding that ttie great msjority of her people are ohliged to see thdr opinions and feelings -vilified and abused 5 what they consider as ssered and holy , treated sa dsnutablB and idolatrous , and themselves made to contribute largely to the support of those - » ho thus speak it them- TJiider all circumstances , we *»*» only TFonder at the-smsH amount of opposition upon tbe » e mstiera , exhiiiitea in fee present movement . We must , however , be prepared to witness fhe question of the chsrehrf Ireland made one of the chief topics in tttwt - ^ ptiPfTi 1 ** ^ % * b ^ rl' will have to be made before justasecanbedone . t cff vaiioiM

      ' - fn'Wr ^ fiiais ^ ^ j ^ the demonstrations ofdissent , we find / that what is generally termed the Church , is toenby the mast violeot internal convulsions . na » par ^ named the Puseyits aw exciting most strongly the alarm of the ether branches ; and a division 1 b araong whidi will lequirs attention from xay ie £ orwhig body ; whilst tbb daily increasing powers of QwWesleyan Methodists , arising out of their superior -OrganiEition , is exciting the fears of those who have hitherto rested satisfied with the emolumentB they were receiving , and considered their power over the minds of the people . secure and abiding ,

      in Scotland , the fabric » f the C 3 iurch has been Tent anmder ^ and repose sow only takes place whilst each party prepares itself , by an examination of its resources , fox the further great and mighty straggle which will take place between them , if the end of these things has » ° Vyetani * ed . We shall , in fact , fc each eoonfcry , bxveto -witness ihe most desirucUve agendas that can be coneuved brought into fierce and -violent action , ^ p ta the spirit . of jtxnthaball enliven all hearts , and direct the minds of men to that universal fountain , from which all ^ ood may immediately be made io flow in alBlBa « oeB XaraHi - Bavingtakm this brief and imperfect survey of oar eternal affidra , tet us look for a moment at some few of « nr external aJaSons .

      ®> wateweslfeied irifliFrance ? Cxa thepeeple « f a « at country forget theposificm we tookrsriti regard to a-determiaataon to force on 'them a government they ; * ere averse to ? -Can ttey ^ orget fl » blood and t » a--sare that was expenied during the tong period which fewa&atea - wlartbe battle -oT Waterloo ? Can they * rpvB 1 && supposed national inmiliation Hat ¦ was ** Mown % npon them as the Jesuit of that contest ? or mnst-w « -n ^ -atMa expect that % bSK matters -sill be token " advantage of , to minister to ti » personal ambi-^ i * of Use present -reigning monarch ? ionis Phillipe £ li deHBy- » jBbea ; & place his son on the throne of Spain "by a -marriage with the young Queen « f that cvBDiry , -aMcn . « ar rulers wonia , JT possible , prevent ? but ihe » e every prospect of his accomplishing his Impose- B ib most ^ e ^ btful to see ti » t we are too mncb « ccapieQ atijenjera take part in these matters ; * 2 iatlB £ ' - ^ jje balance ef power in Europe" must be h ^ JsAsi by Snolsnd kaotfinK ba own position , and

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      attending to toe interests of her population in eonnection-with the generalIntereiticf hnmani ^ r . t . What is the feeling of Russia towards ttls eonntry 1 A reply totbiaqnesticm wiU be best seen in tfie result of every intrigue which is got up against ni ; and which it is eertam wfll dally be more and more success folly practised nnttl tre shall haVe- embrsoBd the standard of Truth , and unfurled thebanner of universal Reedom . Until in fact we shall have made Love , and Truth , and Justice , the basis of all our actions ; ladl--vidnslly , nafionaBy , » nd generaUy ., Then , aid not on then , will there be a power ir » England that shall enable her to declare the universal happiness of man ; and that war and misery , poverty and destitofion , vice and crime , ignorance and iniquity , shall be 1 banished for ever from among men . 1 ~ . u ^» _ *«^ . . . - - " _ : ;

      It would be desirable that I should proceed to the examination of our relations , not only with theSarious countries of Europe ; but with America , and more especially -with our Taat colonies ; but I have already occupied too much space to enable me to do this . If your leaders will themselves lefl ^ et seriously ijpon what I -h&Te said , and will take all other countries separately , and examine the position in which England stands with them , they will find much the same results . t At present aU is confusion and discord ; and unless some broad and comprehensive measures be adopted , these will soon degenerate into riot and anarchy , and a state of things will be presented to our view ? such as the mind shudders to contemplate . 1

      In my next letter , I shall ha- ? e to T ^ egin an examination of the various remedies that have lithertobeen proposed to remove what dm . ieen found oppressive that-we may see whether they are adequate to their purpose , or - whether any , improper obstruction has keen given to their being adopted ; as it must ! be evident ± 0 all that up to this period matters have been rapidly getting worse and-worse . . I am ,-Si * , yourobedientServant , William Qalpim . Concordium , Ham Common , Surrey . July 29 , 1843 .

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      « s » THE NATIONAL B . ENEFIT SOCIETY THB PAT 7 TTS , IHBPICIKKCT , AND CONSEQUENT INSTABXJ . ITT OF EXrSTIKG TEADE AHB BENEFIT SOCI ^ ETIES , OIIB LAND MASKS FOB yOTXJBB OPEB AT 10 KS .

      TO THE CHABTIST PTJBLia Dependant brothers , who should and would be independent . —Oni nnmeteos straggles and attempts to rid ourselves of the mighty -weight of adverse circniuBtances that press us down , and baffle our praiseworthy exertions to live and elevate ourselves and order have hitherto failed ; not because we did . not possess the power toremovB the burden , bat because -we did sot possess the amount of knowledge necessary to wield that power aright The most important of the plans adopted by the working class to stay the encroachments of the , master class , the vendor class , the landed class , the monied class , the goTernment class , and ail other monopolists , extortioners , and oppressors , on their rights , liberties , and personal properly , L e . their labour , has been Trade , Benefit , and Political Societies . All IBoeao societies ,

      though good in themselves , and the very sort necessary to the accomplishments the objects sought after , have never been established upon a sufficiently wide basis ; have neTer grappled so extensively with the wide spread evil asfwas necessary ; and therefore they have failed in tiVoting the object sought for , through the ignorance in which cute , class , and party-government hath deemed it wise to keep our order . But that is no reason why the otoeds should sot be accomplished by better plans and better machinery . [ Improvement is the order of the day ; and , ' whilst the arts of war and peace are being improved daily and hourly , surely the machinery of Associations that have for their object the happiness of the human race , by making the artt ^ of war bat children ' s harmless toys , and those of peace the blessings of hnman Creators , will sot be allowed to remain in the state of " blissful ignorance" our forefathers lef tit I 1

      These societies , as at present constituted , offer no adequate relief to the wants of the working man , aor sufficient guarantee that they will be able tolpsy the stuns they promise In ease of need . There is ¦ no certainty of their continuance , until their first member becomes an old man , at of their ability to defray the expence of his f nneral The average duration of the present constituted Benefit Societies is thirty years . Some have not lasted five . Breaks-ap are by no means uncommon , when the money is divided sometimes very unfairly . The individuals setting it Boon spend it ; and all the sought for benefits are lost . Tali breaki « g up is generally occasioned by a fear on the part of the members that the society -will be drained by the sickness demands on its funds ; and that when they come to be ill , there will be nothing for them .

      In most inKfaftw . * this fear of the member * respecting their future prospects , is but too well founded-And if they win but go into the question , aud investigate the principles on which most Benefit Societies are founded , they trill see that decay is certain after a certain age ; and that he who comes last on to the "box" ina be worst off ; In most cases the only dependoDCe of such societies is upon the subscriptions of the members , and about 3 ^ or 5 per cent , on their funds placed in some bank ; which Litter income does not pay the officers for managing their &Sairs . Tf » ng » go on pretty comfortably for a few yean , if they keep the body together . Every member boasts * ' what a good society his is "; how " much money they have in the box **; " no one ! on the

      funds for so many months ; no deaths ; only a fevflyingsin ; the stock is rapidly increasing . " All goes on swimmingly , a lot of members is proposed every meeting night . Well , time wean on . The club is getting old . People dont think so much about it now . Others have been started , promising greater bentfits . There has been a sort of competition in dubs . The old dub begins to look down . Sick members increase ; the cashHsgoing out faster than ilever came in ! A few very old members are ail that are now left ; and these meet from habit every dub night , to pull long faces » t each other , and brood over an empty exchequer . Of sickness they think not ; they are too hardy ; but occariauaHy hints are given that ** if one of us was to die , there would not be enough to bury him . " At last "fear ' operates , and a division of the funds is effected . '

      Such is but too often the history and end of dubs as at present conducted . And the yeuug men seldom attempt to redeem them from their downwards ?• sliding scale . " When there are a great number of old members in a club , the young avoid them , and join the " young clubs " which young oses come to the same old end ! { Some societies , in order to spare their funds , have recoOTse to levies , in case of deaths , births , Ae , This is uusnited to the poverty of the -working class , numbers of -whom can scarcely raise the money to pay their monthly contributions . In a club where levies are made on contingent occasions , a member never knows what his subscriptions maybe ; and be is kept in doubt whether he will not , some time or other , be obliged by bis poverty and the increase of levies to leave the club , and forfeit all he has paid , through inability to meet the numerous demands . ¦

      A working Tina needs assistance as much -when he is out of employ , through " ** depression of fcrade / Yor any other cause over which he has no contronl , as when sick !; for in sickness lie may stand a chance inmost towns of getting into an hospital or an infirmary ; but -when out of employ he may tramp from town to town , from baatile to hostile , from magistrate to overseer , and overseer to magistrate , until he sinks by the way , and perishes of want 3 : Trade societies jfell from similar causes ; but their importance demand a whole chapter in order to do them justice , - which I will perhaps essay in my next . {

      Politicians and political sodeties , whilst they have complained that the other societies do not sufficiently grapple with all the evils under whieh the working classes groao , tja-pe newr attempted the work themselves They have satisfied themselves with what they deem " the one thing needful : " that it was « nly necessary to battle -with the political monopolist for political power ; sot seeing that the enemy draws their attention to only one point of the ramparts , whilst the army of monopoly is every where , and all round the -walls . - Hoping my humble endeavours will do the good I desire , I remain yours , in the cause of union , GB . ACCHU 8 .

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      PABDISE WITHIN THE BEACH OF ALL ' MEX , WITHOUT LABOUR , BY POWER OP NATURE AND MACHINERY . IiETTEB . III . TO THB EDITOB OF TBE K 0 B . THERM STAB . Dexk Sin . —What is the destiny of man ? \ Why was he created and placed upon this earth , and what function was assigned him by the Creator Jin the -universal scale of existence t Was it to ravage and devastate his mother earth ? Was it to wage war against his brother ? Was it to live in hatred and contention -with his fellow-man ? Was it to pine away bis -existence in factories , filtby -workshops and mines , or to -work as a slave in cotton and sugar fields under the burning rays ofan Equatorial sun ? Is it his destiny to be so degraded by toil and vexations that the only place of pleasure and zest be knows of is the misery-retailing gin palace and beerhouse ? Is it » fit occupation ; for an immortal spirit to cany bricks on his back to tbi top of

      a / house ? No : a tho usand times no ! Man is created in the image of God ; be partakes by divine mercy of bis -very spirit ; he is made Iiord over all ihi earth His function is to be . overseer of the globe ; to use the . powers of nature , and divert them , by liis mental -power , to cultivate and embellish its ' surface ; to develope its materialTesources ; to fertilize it * deserts , aid -drain its swamps and morasses . He is created tolive in peace and friendship w 2 h bis fellow-man ; to extend his knowledge and perceptions ef the varied creations that surround him ; to taste the pleasures of comomnicating and associating with minds who have the same attractigns , feelings , and objects ; to enjoy the dWintst gift mas has received—love : that jift which points to the gates of Heaven's own blissful region , -where all is -love , _ love unbounded ana unutterable , awl -which pssseth the power of the human mind to coneeive ; let the centre , the focus of all love is God himself . Such , in a few words , is tile terrestial destiny of man , jor the practical function assigned him by tb » divinity in creating imA placing h' 171 on the earth .

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      If -we compare the present existence of man with vbat it can and onght to be , ' onr hearts mnat bleed , and oar inmost nstareaast impel us to seareli for the causa of this pewersion , of thU degradation of man ' s own nature , of ^ hia -variety of -vice , crime , and outrage . And ttdB / cftftwe is no-other than blindness and stopldf ty > Blindness which Binders us . to see the real pleasures , lieheSj and powers ] of nature ; and stupidity which makes mb unable tp appropriate these powers and : ifehes for on * own itset- High and low are guilty 6 r these er imes . They join collectively in the erroneous notion to belteve that the people want work ; that man ought to work ; that his physical powers , which are exactly in proportion to thi length of time he ought to live , should be naed ti > ~ ilg the ground , saw wood , cany

      bricks , * & , by which life Is necessarily cat shert . The people do not ward work . Work la not the end > it Is only the means at present , for want of knowing better means . The en 1 is provisions , happiness the satisfaction of all our rational desires . It Is an insult to common sense , and to the nation , to hear a Duke of Wellington declare fn parliament , " ¦ all that the people want is work . " Did he ever " want tework" in the same manner as he-thinks the people ought to work ? No ; lie and every one who can do without work ; every one -who can get provisions and the satisfaction of bis desires , without digging and slaving for it , do bo . The burden of work must therefore be double heavy upon those ^ who are so unfortunate as to be compelled to work ; and the dread of work , in the minds of the

      ssealled higher classes ; is the cause of a wrong and unjust distribution of wealth , and of the various forma of oppression and slavery under which ' the people now suffar . It would take too long to enter into the question of the present distribution of vrealth . Besides , political economy , based npon repugnant labour , and the consequent flcvptineas of products , is not my province- X know that it is impossible to create peace and happiness , and good will among men ; I know that it is vain to expect general refinement , and a higher elevation of the mind , when men are worn out with tbe maintalnance of themselves and . those dear to them ; when they are harassed by their daily insignificant labour , and in constant -want , er fear of want , for their shattered health and impaired bodily powers . All the necessaries of life must be made to be as plentiful and as cheap as water is on the borders of a sweet river . Then all the artificial differences . between man and man will cease

      and only the natural and legitimate differences of a more or less elevated mind ; of more or less tastes , desires , and passions ; of a more or less extensive knowledge of good , j pleasant , and useful things will exist among men . Labour , in the present signification of the word , that is , ; repngnant , forcedproduction , - will cease , and tbe most refined pleasure in prodnclng wealth without bounds , through the powers of our mind , clothed with the powers of nature , willbe substituted for the feeble physical powers of man . Man -will then remove swamps and desexts from , the surface of tbe globe , core the deceased and mnch neglected body of our motbw earth , banish sickness from among men , in fact , create , by pleasant attractive industry , a paradise -where labour is unknown . 1 am , Sir , your obedient Servant , : C . T . Stollmzteb , No . 3 , Northampton Terrace , City Boad , London , August lit , 1843 .

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      TO THE EDITOB . OP THE NORTHERN STAB . Queen ' s ; Prison , London , Aug . 8 th , 1843 . Sib ., —I happened ; to fail in with the following speech delivered from the hustiDgs in Westminster Hall , on the 6 th of April 1780 , by Charles Turner , Esq ., M . P . for the , city of York ; acd , as it is a straightforward , manly , avowal of pur , principles , I have no doubt its perusal will afford great pleasure , and instruction to your numerous readers . I am , your ' 8 truly , ? Qeobge White .

      • ' X feel a great satisfaction in addressing so numerous and respectable a body of my countrymen thatcann « t be animated by a slavish mind . I have ever opposed the torrent of corruption , and the inroads of arbitrary power ; and though . 1 have been unsuccessful , yet , with your assistance , 1 will fight and conquer . Corruption and . tyranny can . never stand against the virtuous efforts of a free people . Be firm , be resolute , and unanimous . Assert jyeur birthright . Annual Parliaments , and an ; Equal Representation , are privileges inherent in the constitution ; but if yon do sot think yourselves free with obtaining

      that object , you have a right to insist en what Government you phase , lawa were made for tbe governed , not the governors—and all government * orignate with the people . If yon choose to be slaves , you may submit to an unlimited monarchy , or an oppressive aristocracy . If you wish to be free , you have a right to insist on a democracy , or , yon have a right to form a Republic . Dont talk to me of f the power of Parliament , or tbe power of the Crown . All power originates with yourselves ; and if the Crown , or the Parliament , abuse that power you have invested them with , you have a right to re-assome it i

      " You ate the Lords of the Creation , not the slaves ofpower . You are our masters ; and we are only your servants , delegated , and employed by you to do yonr business ; and till you pay your servants , as was anciently the custom , they will never act to your . advantage . II yoa do notpay them the Crown will ; and thett they become the servants of tbe Crown , and no longer the servants of the people . An honest man can have no interest but that of his country in coming to Parliament . And if be sacrifice bis ease and retirement to the duty of a senator , his expences at least ought to be

      reimbursed by his country . You now pay your members with a vengeance for enslaving you and picking your pockets ; bnt if you v ould once pay them yourselves , yon would no longer complain of oppression . Act with spirit and resolution . Insist upon your privileges , and 1 wilt meet j / ou at Runnymede . I love the poor—I divide my fortune with them ; audj will die -with them . The poor man ' s labour is the rich man ' s wealth , and -without your toil a kingdom-would be-worth nothing . Whilst I ¦ am free you never shall be slaves . God bless the people . "

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      - m > THE POLITICAL VICTIMS AND THEIR RELIEF FUND . TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BBITAIN . Mi Friends—I direct your earnest attention to the subjoined communication which has been addressed to me as the Treasnrer of the «• Political Victim Fnnd" r—

      ( COPT . ) " Kirkdale Gaol , August 3 rd , 1843 . " Esteemed Sih—We embrace this opportunity of writing to yon , relative to a fund which we understand has been raised towards relieving those who had the misfortune to be imprisoned through the lamentable outbreaks of August last , and of which fund we believe you to be tbe Treasurer . Tbe reason of our writing to you on the present occason is , that on the 24 th of this month sixteen of those who were couvicted at the Special Assiza , Preston , are leaving this gaol , as the term of their imprisonment will have expired . Likewise on the 9 th October fitly nine , of those who were convicted

      at tbe Special Commission held at Liverpool , will hav . e BerveO their time ; and as all these men and their families are in a most deplorable condition , and they themselves are in a very debilitated state , and as the county allowance is not sufficient to carry them home , and as these men will not be able to resume their employment ( it they should have any ) for some time after their liberation , we hope y ? u will be kind enough to exert yourself in their behalf , and , if possible , send them something towards defraying their ezpences home , and allowing them a small tr ifle to subsist upon for a few days . The names and residence of each , individual can be furnished if required .

      " Sincerely hoping you will attend to this most important duty , and waiting yonr kind reply to this letter , -wesntmcribe ourselves , on bebalf of our fellow political prisoners . " Yours truly , " Isaac Hoyle , " James Williams . " London , August 7 th , 1 S 43 . " Most sincerely do I sympathise with the hapless condition of your fellow-sufferers , and their respective families , as communicated by your letter of tbe 3 rd inst . You dp indeed : Aate more than sufficient to induce in me the utmeat anxiety to perform " the most important -duty ' which ] you have very properly required at my hands , as the accredited Treasurer of tbe " Political Victim Fund" - | -namely , that of ex . rting myself on behalf of tbe seyentj-flve individuals who are shortly to be released from their present unjust and most cruel incarceration . - '

      *• Previous , however , to my being enabled to effect anything in this matter , it is neeessary that you should supply me with more explicit information than is contained in your letter . When I intimate that the fund at present in hand scarcely exceeds £ 30 , you will at once perceive how inadequate it is for relieving so numerous a body of ; claimants as you represent ; and » hen to this I add that it is , to say the least , questionable whether the . lubBCribers to that fund would justify its disbursement to other than persons known as Chartists previous to their imprisonment , yon will further perceive the J ftbsplute necessity imposed npon me of making the fullest inquiry into-each individual

      " To enable yon the more readily to communicate the desired details , I woold suggest the propriety of your adopting a form , setting forth the name of the victim , how long imprisoned , previous employment , number of family , circumstances , residences , known or not as a Chartist , and reference given to some one in theseighbourhood to whom farther application might be made . This return , when filled up , should be immediately transmitted to me ,, and I will then confer with tfcose who are equally anxious as I am that every claim which justice and humanity lean male upon the Chartist body should be—as far aYfpiasible—discharged without an hour ' s unnecessary delay . " Ypu -will , of conrse , adopt a slmrlar plan as respects the fifty-nine convicted at tho Special Commission , Li < verpooT , and which will form Rsturn No . 2 .

      •• I would particularly impress upon you the necessity of making the ' reference column * as explicit as possible , by giving the proper address of the Chartist Secretary , Lecturer , or Councilman , residing in the claimant ' s locality previous to his arrest .

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      vnnrSSl * rea «* fl <* expression of my sympathy for yourselves penally / and for you * cc-vlBtiins generally ; } " X am , yours , truly , « * ro . «* , '¦'¦'¦ ' i" Jons Cleave . Messrs . Hoyle and WHlteiM , feiifcdafe GaoL ' wheflSnWr ^ i 0 ^ 18 ' itisfotyoutodetennine ZS l ^^ P } 7 ta ^ oyIe ma Williams is suoh asyou fif ™^ .. Ti' ^ whQ ate riot - fitted to relief San ^ ii-f l lt | caI Vic $ m F | wd / ' I beseech you S ^^^ S ?^^ ^' ^ You have beeutoo ? he ^ ° \ -L" S *** - y «* -N » aot yet performed £ L ? ^ «»* V ictims have a right ^ demand & . « f ^ « "t « ts , and as professed men of ^ Tlti , ?^ *»» ven » t aabacrfbed to tbe Fund fJSKA * ¥ doie . You have not formed your LocalCommttteesinevew town . *« . nhav « nnf . annDht

      SSnwS f . tima-as « rtai « ed the number of families requiring » Uef . or , in fact , supplied any information . c ! H ^? ngj OI how long » is this stigma to remain on ^ riw 1111 ^* ^™ ^' thm hat I am Prepared to coh 5 S ? -ff f ^ Gommlttee s as ! most earneaUy hope will be immediately formed . I am , your Friend and Feilew Chartist , 1 , Shoe LanU ^ t Street . - J 0 HN C ^ ^ London , August 8 th . 1843 .

      I mustfarttier direct your attention to the reply which I transmitted to Messrs . floyle and WilUams . You vrtU percelTe that I there refer to a question which frf ? vf ^ ( HltlBfaCtoril ysolYe ' and which , injustice ^ k » k V . i- imfl I . y ° « onght to answer quicklyy viz . ; whether other than recognized members of the Chartist body , or theur families , are entitled to claim relief from a fund to which none but Chartists have subscribed ?

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      TO THB KDITOE OP THB NORTHERN STAR . : Failswortb , Aug . 2 , 1843 . Sir , —Thb Tuesday , after tbe pablicatlon of my letter relative to Andrew Smith ' s family , I received a note from the Clerk of the ManchesterJTJnion requesting me to meet the Guardians on the following day , as they w ^ bed to inquire Into the case . I consequently went The Chairman opened the proceedings by asking the relieving officer it the statements lia my letter were correct The answer was teat the letter was entirely falae . The latter gentleman then stated that Andrew Smith received 7 s . Ithe flrat week , In two separate sums—three shillings the first , 1 and in three or fonr days four ahillings ; ind on the 6 th of July five shillings ; afterwards two shUiiBga and Biipence , and . ten shillings . The

      medical officer then gave his evidence , and when he had ceased speaking , I requested the Chairman to read my letter that the Guardians might be better able to appreciate what I | wfls going to say ; but be refused , alleging that they had beard it read . I then called their attention to an asaertien which the Relieving Officer had jast made , viz . tbat my letter was entirely false , and proceeded to show from his own statements that the letter was correct ; that the appearance of error arose from the fact , that the oldest girl had been ill five or Biz days previous to the receipt of the three shillingsconsequently throwing the four shillings into tbe second week . " It ] appears evident that ibis family , although in a most wretched condition , were left to the cold sympathy of afew friends during the whole of a fortnight . " Is jthis an exaggerated statement ( By the relieving officer ' s own account , three weeks , at least , elapsed from tbe receipt of the four shillings to that of the five . When I had finished my remarks on the

      evidence of tbe Relieving Officer , ! and had just begun to draw the ' attention of the Gnardiana to an assertion made by the medical attendant , " that there waa no sickness in the house for a fortnight after the receipt of tbe four shillings , ' ' with an Intention to prove its falsity by showing ' tbat Mary , the subject of the inquest , became ill the ] third week , the medical attendant interrupted me with a long explanation , and the Chairman allowed him . quietly to proceed . I complained of such interruption , as unfair , and was immediately answered by the Chairman , " that he had fa right to explain . " From the termination of Mr . Thornley ' s explanation to the time 1 left the room , I was scarcely allowed to utter a sentence without being interrupted with a question from ODe or another . I will now proceed to give nearly tbe whole of a letter on this subject written by Mr . Girdener , Clerk to the Union , and published in the Manchester Guardian ot tbe 20 fchoH . (

      After mentioning the day I met the Guardians , he states that Ifull inquiry was made into tbe case of Andrew Smith , with the following results : — > Mr . Brown , In bis letter bearing ' date tbe 19 th July , fixes the period of the matter about -which he appears to make complaint , stating " six weeks ago . " This would be 7 th June . On reference to the relief books , I find that on the week to which this date refers , the relieving officers gave this family seven shillings in two payments of three shillings and four shitlings . on application of the pauper ( a yery pleasant term truly—I

      wonder if Mr . Gardener will call the Duke of Cambridge and his daughter paupers ?) who was directed to attend the board meeting of tbe following week . On Wednesday ,: theji 4 thof June , he was called on , but did not answer , and the Guardians left an order for the admission of the family into the wotkhouse , in consideration , as Mr . Brown says , tbat cleanliness was one of the requisites absolutely necessary for tbe family , as well as they would'have better care and attention than they could possibly in any other way . Andrew Smith refused the order , using violent language to the Guardians . 1

      "No further application was made by the family , or on their behalf ; for assistance of any bind to tke Relieving Officer , ' till he heard by chance , on one of his rounds in the execution of hia duty on the 6 th July , that Smith's child had bid an accident ( this scratch with the stone must be made to appear of great importance—why not say had caught the scarlet fever ?) and was in a bad state ; upon which he sent five shillings relief to them by the medical officer , his informant The man had also two shillings and sixpence additional relief on the 10 th of Jaly , when he was desired to attend the board meeting on the following Wednesday , the 12 th instant On the hearing of the case that day , the Guardians ordered ten shillings per week , whilst the cobs remained in its then state .

      In the last paragraph Mr . Gardiner dees not draw a correct inference frem my language when before the Guardians , but endeavourB to free them ! and their officers in a side-way manner . He says , " at the ! investigation , Mr . Peter Brown Btated that be never intended to make any charge against the Guardians or their officers ; but as it appeared in his letter , as well as your editorial remarks , that its tendency was to r eflect blame on the Guardians , an explanation ; seemed called for . " Now I distinctly stated to the Guardins that I bad confined mysely to a narration of what I considered facts , in order to corroborate the statements in tbe latter part of the letter , and I moreover asserted that at the time I wrote my former letter I had an idea that outdoor relief was refused through an impression that

      Andrew Smith ' s friends would not . allow him to enter the poorhouae ; and I even asked what were the motLves for refusing out-door relief , and instead of receiving a civil reply , jl was answered by one or more of the Guardians—j" they did not sit there to answer questions , " or some such insolent remark . I then gave them to understand that according to niy view of the New Poor Law , parents and children could alone be called upon to support each other—arid was immediately answered " were they to sit there to hear the law explained ? "i When leaving the room , I told tbe Chairman and the Board , that I considered they had taken a partial view of the subject , on hearing which a Guardian called out— " is the Board to sit here to be insulted ? " I answered that I had a right to express my sentiments . :

      Allow me to do an act of justice in saying that onehalf , I think , or the major part of the Guardians were silent the whole time . Eves allowing Mr . GaTdiner's statement as to my intention to be correct , what has tbat to do with the matter ? If a number of conjoined facts naturally lead to certain inferences , then it follows , that if the statements in my letter be true , the- inferences must be legitimate . ' ' Mr . Gardener admits that the tendency of the letter was tolttfleot blame on the Guardian * . The tendency of what ? « f a number of statements . Then if tho statemants prove true , the tendency must of necessity remain , i . 1 ¦ " " that letter

      Now as the Relieving Officer stated my was entirely Jfalse , I call apou him , and the Guardians to back htm | to prove that statement . * ; and further I challenge any one to prove that I [ have made a single false assertion . I am always particularly careful to assert nothing but what I can prote . 1 am not aware that any statement in my letter has ; been proved untrue ; excepting thja omission of two and sixpence , and that was paid after the five shillings . That emission , I urn willing to take upon my own shoulders . My wife says , that Andrew Smith , my Informant , told me of it ; imdi 1 } say tbaf I either did not hear him or forgot it Bnt have I made a false assertion then ? Have I mnde an assertion as to any money emanating from the . Board ? No , I merely said " I am told" so and bo , ;

      But when I met the Guardians , what were our relative situations ? I received , frpm the Clerk of the tTnion a note couched in blind language , intimating that the Guardians wished to seeme relative to Andrew Smith ' s caseias " they were always anxlensthat the wants and necessities of the poo * under their care should have eyery . attentlon thattheir ^ eases may require . " Now ^ rfiKt did I appear there for ?^ -as an accuser ^ I had accusedi them of notbtngi I conceive that I appeared there to give them what information I had upon the subjeot ; and if the Btatements proved trne , t » endeavour to-ascertain what were-ftbe" motives which actuated them ; consequently I had : a right to ask questions . !

      Mr . 0 wdiner assigns as the reason for refusing outdoor relieftbat the wants of the family would be better attended to la the poor-house , that this was the motive , t cauuot believe ; for ; in niy opinion , it resulted from an impression on the minds of there * . lieviDg office ^ and guatdians that Andrew Smiths friends would assist him , and prevent the necessity of bis entering the poor house . ' The order for ten ( 8 hillinga a week was made on the 12 th of July , when the relieving officer had strong reason to think that the family had beeH for a | considerable time in a state bordering on starvation .

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      Nancy , whom I noticed in my former letter as being dangerously ill , died a few days after its publicity , making the third death in ] a family of five within one month . ' I It was not my Intention at first to give my informant ' s name , but as a letter appeared in last Saturday ' s Guardian signed Andrew Smith militating against the veracity of one or more of ! my statements , I felt called upon to do bo . Tbat letter has resulted , in my opinion , from famiiy prfde . That prfde I neltftetdo nor ever

      did wish to wound ; butfallowme to add , notwithstanding all that has or may be said , Andrew Smith was in a very pitiable sitoation—nor do I , by saying so much , mean to ifafer blame to the relatives , all of whom with one exception , I believe , have families of their own , and yet I dai ? e say have afforded Andrew assistance during the last two years ; therefore I infer , that if the Poor Law officers refused out-doox relief through an idea that the relatives would relieve , they had no right to do so .

      Mr . Gardener states that Andrew Smith was directed to meet the Guardians on Wednesday , the 14 th of June . The latter says that to the best of bia knowledge he never receivd such , a communication , nor does he recollect using language that ought to be termed violent . I can readily believe judging from what I myself have seen , ( that firm , but yet respectful language , may by some of the Manchester Guardians be deemed violent and insolent I am , Sir , yours , fee , Peter Brown , Burgeon .

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      Lamentable Suicide—Oh Wednesday last , the town of Loath was thrown ! into a state of excitement to which , happily , it has long been a etranger , in consequence of a young gentleman , about 18 years of age , having commiteed suicide by taking poison . The deceased was being brought up for tbe surgical profession with S . trought , Esq ., ' and was discovered dead in a chair in the surgery , he having taken a very large dose of prusato acid . An inquest was held on the body on Wednesday afternoon , at the Three Tuns , in Upgate , when a verdict of "felo dese" was returned , and the body of tbe unfortunate youth was interred near midnight . I

      Another proof of the evil consequences of tbe vulgar error , that the ringing of bells will disperse or divert a storm , was given , [ a few days ago , at the small town of Poulatnes , in the Indre . About nine in the evening , eight of tbe inhabitants , seeing a storm , hastened to tbe church , and rang out a peaL While thus employed , the lightning struck the belfry , burst the walls , and so nearly killed all the ringers , and the sacristan , who was with them , that it required all the resources of art to restore them to animation . —Paris Paper .

      A Series op Accidents . —Jlfracombe ,--A few days ago , as Mr . Moaes . jjjvveller , of Swansea , was descending one of the rocks by the sea side , his hat fell into the water . He made a circuit to the beach , and regained his hat ; but the tide coming in , on his attempt to return hej found himself surrounded with water , and no alternative was left him bat to climb the rook * He had ascended a considerable height , when the soil gave way , and he fell into the sea a depth of twenty or thirty feet . Providentially , he was enabled to grasp ' a piece of rock , and with great difficulty climbed into a cave near , where he lay down exhausted . He found that he had lost his pooket-book , containing £ 59 in bank-notes , besides a valuable watch .

      Loss of the Ste&h P acket , Lizard . —A letter has been received from Gibraltar , giving the following particulars of the loss of this government steamer . " Gibraltar , July 27 . —On the morning of Monday , the 24 th of July , when about twenty miles from Carthagena , a light was reported outhe larboard bow of the Lizard . The officer of the watch , as the positive orderB of the Admiralty are when steamers meet each other , immediately ( put his helm a-porfc . The master coming up just at this moment , inquired if the helm was a port ; and on being told tbat it was 60 , ordered it to be put hard a-port ; but owing to the other vessel putting jher helm a-starboard , the Lizard was struck by her on the larboard

      paddlebox , a little before thefmain-shaft , the shock of which was so violent asjto throw the Lizard over on her starboard side [ and carry away all the funnel-stays but one . The officers and men below immediately rushed on deck ; the engineer in charge blew off toe steam , and was proceeding to pump out , when the rush of water was so violent and the Lizard was apparently sinking so rapidly , that the men were ordered to save themselves by olimbing up tije bowsprit rigging of the other vessel . At the instant the collision took place the Lizard ' b boats were ordered to be lowered , but the passage aft was obstructed by the bowsprit and bow of the other vessel , so that the only persons on the quarter deck were the quartermaster ' s man at the wheel , and one or two of the officers , who had come np from their cabins ^ and who , seeing that to all appearance all others had left , followed their

      example . Determined , however , not to abandon the Lizard Whilst there was the most distant chance of saving her the boats of the vessel ( which proved to be the French man-of-war steamer Veloce , of 1 , 200 tons and 220 horae puwer ) were lowered , in whieh Some of the officers and men of ] the Lizard returned , and saved a sick boy and passenger , with some two or three others who had been left behind in the first confusion . AH hopes ofj saving the vessel were at once abandoned when we discovered that the water had already made so much head as to put out the fires and to float the lowjer-deck hatches , and continued pouring in with such violence as to render it most dangerous to remain on board . The last boat had scarcely left the Lizard when she sunk bead foremost . The night was misty , and the Veloce's lights being placed on her paddle-boxes , whereas the Lizard ' s were at her mast-head , could not be seen until close to , "

      State op Nottinshah . —( From a Correspondent . —On Monday a public meeting of the unemployed operatives was holden in ! the market place , lor the purpose of devising some plan to ameliorate their present distressed condition . Just before the meeting commenced , a waggon was observed passingdown the market-place , drawn jby men and women , with their children in the waggon . Such a eight was never seen before in Nottingham . They were operatives out of work from Bui well , a large village four miles from Nottingham , one of the seats of the hosiery trade ; and they had come here to ask alms . Several hundreds attended the meeting ; but they It is feared that before ] many days there will be nearly a total standstill ) in tho hosiery branches .

      This summer is the worst that can be remembered . I have been a frame-work knitter thirty years ; bat never saw so muoh distress , and want of employment . There are at this moment / , numbers of men dragging carts through the streets , begging . The cart is to hold the provisions the charitable may be disposed to give . I imagine that the want of employment and consequent distress in the hosiery trade , are mainly attributable to the immense quantities of silk , and cotton gloves , manufactured from the warp frame ; and the immense quantities of silk and cotton hose made from wide frames , jl have a statement before me given by a warp hand ] He says that cotton , fine cotton , gloves are made ] from the warp frame at 4 Ad . per dozen to the workmen ' . A . hand machine

      will make sixty dozen per week on . the lowest computation . Silk gloves vary much according to the size of the silk ; but the pVice to the workmen varies from 8 d . to Is . 8 d . per ] dozen . The warp frame figures the gloves in any way the manufacturers design . Silkgloves , tuckfand plain backs , are 5 a . 3 d . per dozen making ; figured with the jack-machine a good deal more . The jack-machine makes lace gloves similar to the warp frame . There are many warp frames in this county , and also Derbyshire , on the rotatory principle—very wide frames ; and they will make double the quantity this hand , machine will make . The statement I Bave before me says ISO or 160 dozen per week , worked by one man fc They get a great deal per dozen less from the rotatory

      machine than from the band machine . The public will , therefore , see that it is utterly impossible for the plain silk and jack matohine glove hands to compete with this machind , \ Three dozsa per frame is an average of plain sUk gloves per week ; about two dozen jack machine gloves . Great quantities of silk hose ) are made from wide frames , two to four at once ; and are many of them embroidered most beautifully . These are brought into the market at a very * obeap" rate . The markets are thus glutted ; and want of employment , poverty , and wretchedness , are the consequences . A great deal more might ] be said about the impositions practised in the hosiery trades ; but this will suffice for the present . At the meeting on Monday , MrJonathan Barberao operative out of employ ,

      . , was called upon by the chairman ; Mr . Dalton , from Mansfieldr to move the first resolution , which , he did in a speech of some length , detailing the causes of the want of employment , and orging ^ that nothing would tend to ameliorate the condition of the starving millions of this country , but the passing into a law the document called the People ' s Charter . EeBolved—** That this meeting is of opinion that the distress now prevalent in this town , attd in every part of the country , is attributable to -class-made laws ; and that unless some plan be speedily adopted to alleviate the distress of the . country , it ia hard to tell what may be the consequences . " The resolution was pat and carried unanimously .

      Mr . John M'Duff moved the second resolution , which was as follows : —** That it is the opinion of this meeting , that it 18 the duty of every lover Of his country , of every individual who possesses one spark of Christianity , of every true philanthvopis , to come boldly forward at ] this eventful crisis , and assist to ameliorate the condition of the starving millions , whoso extreme [ sufferings cry aloud for redress . " This resolution was also carried unanimously . N . B . Oat of the 5 i . 3 dc paid at the warohouse for silk gloves , there has to be paid for seaming , winding , master ' s profit , frame rent , needles , &o . The " handers" would have about he , 6 d . clear ; the "lingerers" about 8 s . ' 6 d . when they have plenty of wors .

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      Tub loss op ins Pegasus . —Holt Island , Aug . 4 . —Another of the unfortunate sufferers by the Paeasus was picked up by the steamer Testa ( from Newcastle to Leith ) , and put on shore at Holy Island . He is in the fatigue dress of the 96 th Regiment , bnt so disfigured as to render his identification impossible . On his person was found £ 3 $ 3 fid i& silverj and threepence in copper . The body has not been stripped , or otherwise his name would probably be found on some part ot his dress t bat being ia such a state of decomposition , renders that operation almost impossible . He was found floating within a fetr yards of the sunken vessel * and was evidently

      disturbed by the operations of the divers yesterday . The unfortunate Mr . Aird wa 3 coffined to day , and the Coroner has been sent to , but from the unfortunate circumstance of Holy Island being in the county Durham , without a post , rend . ers his arrival : Uncertain . The inquest ( when held ) will bo the means of eliciting the facts connected with this unfortunate transaction , which appears to be enveloped in total darkness at present . Mr . Aird was found with a piece of wood across his body , which prevented hia rising to the surface ; and no doubt a number of other bodies will soon be found , the divers' impression being that a number are fcppt down by the mattresses , &c , which are strewed about the cabin .

      The LxRGESt bell kveh cast in England . — Yesterday an immense bell , the largest ever cast in England , weighing no less than 7 tons 11 cwt . 2 qre . and 121 b , was shipped on board the Lady Season , bound to Montreal , and lying on the Brandy-quay , London-dock . This splendid , bell , which is intended for the new Roman Cathedral at Montreal , was east at the foundry of Messrs . Mears aad Sons , Whitechapel , and has attracted , since it has been finished , the attention of a vast number . It is heavier than the Great Tom of Lincoln by 32 cwt . The price is upwards of £ 1 , 200 .

      A Barrister Posed . —At the late Limerick assizes , a witness of the * ' lower classes" was crossexamined by Mr . Bennett , Queen ' s Counsel * when the following dialogue took place : —Counsel . —Why do you hesitate to answer me ; you look at me as ff I wa 3 a rogue ! Witness . —To be sure I do . — ( laughter ) . Counsel . —Upon your oath do you think me a rogue ? Witness . —' Pon my oath I don't think you ' re an honest man —( continued laughter ) . Counsel . —You swear that on your oath ? Witness . —I do , to be sure ; and what else could I think i Counsel—Now , why do you thinks so ? Witness . —Why , because you ' re doing yonr best to make me perjure myeelf ,

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      NEWCASTLE . —Mr . Eydd lectured in the Char * tist Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth-market , on Sunday evening , Mr . Bmbleton in the chair . His subject was" The past and present state of Society , with its future prospects . " Mr . Kydd commenced by tracing society to its origin , and showed the comparative bap * piness . which tbe people enjoyed la their natural state to what they now do in a state of " high civilization . ** England was allowed to be one of the most civilized nations in the -world ; yet , he contended , that no country in the world presented a greater amount of misery than she did . On the one aide was boundless wealth—the . supposed property of its present

      possessors ; on the other was increasing misery and wretchedness , the sure lot of the producing- classes . This followed on the principle of cause and effect . The wretchedness existing was the result of up-heaped wealth . All men on the face of tbe eartb , whether willing or unwilling idlers , must be supported ; and the labourer must support them . Now it follows , that if the labourer is cast out of employment , he becomes a burthen to society . The present system was ' throwing thousands out of employment every week , and their places were supplied by machinery , which , in point of fact , pays no taxes ; consequently the unwilling idlers would fail back upon the monopolist ; property would depreciate in value ; local taxes would be increased ;

      and the ignorance and cupidity ox the unddle classes would destroy themselves .. The regeneration of England was a question of time . It was simply how long would the present system totter on the brink of dissolution . before ifc tumbled abonttbe ears of its . supporters ? He ( Mr . K . ) was often told that this was Christian England ? If so , it required ja microscopic eye to , discover Infidelity—it was no where to bo fband . Churchman and Dissenter declared Christianity to be based Upon the principle of - " live and let live . " It was so in theory ; buifthBjarrin f interests at pressnt existing prevented an honest may from e » joying the comtnon necessaries of life . Indeed this country acted oq the principle of " eat aud be eaten . " That is Che practical

      foundation , and it is & practice / Which affects the masses . Bat did the present Bouse of Commons pnrpose to change the grinding system , and make r the interests o ( all classeB work more hatmoniouBly together ? Nothing ofthe Bortl Lord John RuaBeil and Sir Robert Peel amused the House of Commons by speeches proving how incapable Whig or Tory ^ Ministries were to govern the people . " Finality John , " on Friday night , in his speech on the state oMbe country , proved the existence of a flnality Bob in England , and taunted glr Robert to his teeth with the failure ef the Ministry to carry the educational measurea of the Factory Bill . The fact was , that the < joyernment -were easily persuaded to abandon anything that was good . The Factory Bill was too good a bill to be carried against a factions opposition . Not so with an Irish Arms ' Bill . It was a bad bill ; and , as a matter of

      coursewas carried at aU hazards . . Lord John told Si * Robert that he bad it in bis power to silence the Repeal agita tjon by inducing the Irish people to believe tbat the Government -would do them jusrice . This was an open avowal ef the old Whig policy of making professions which they never designed to perform ; but ; it was no ro . The people looked at the distinctions of Whig and Tory in their real colours , and heartily joined in the chorus of the good old English ballad " Tantarara , rogues all , rogues all ; Tantarara , rogues all . " Mr . K . went on in a similar strain , for an hour and a half , and concluded by proving the Charter to be the only means whereby the accursed system could be changed ; aud urged upon the auditory the propriety of Uniting for the acquirement of that glorious object . A vote of thanks having been tendered to Mr . K . for bis able lecture , the meeting dissolved .

      Mr . George JdliaN Harnet lectured m the Chartists' Hall according to announcement , on Monday evening at eight o ' clock . Mr . H . in a very able manner , showed the many schemes resorted to by tbe would-be philanthropists of the day to remove tbe evils bo fearfully felt by all useful classes ef the community ; and proved to tho satisfaction of all present , that a repeal of the Corn Laws would not remove the existing distrese . Unless it Was accompanied by a regular adjustment of the whole rotten system it would be a great cuise to the working classes . Mr . H . quoted an account of the importation of foreign manufactures into England for the six trionthe after Sir Robert ' s tariff became law , clearly showing that although Sir Robert Peel did nob

      go the whele ho / r for " Free Trade ; " he went far enough to let the people see experimentally that if work was performed on the continent , that the wot king men of Engi&nd were deprived of it ; and so long as they had twenty-seven milllens to pay annually in the shape of interest to a national debt , and so many drones ' to support in affluence from the fruits of their toll , Britons could never be expected to compete with nations comparatively " free" ftom such acttrae ; If such is the effect of SI * Robert ' s sample . Englishmen's work done elsewhere , and they left to starve , what would the sack be ? The inost illiterate may guess that if the Anti-Corn-Law League had their desires to-morrow , the working classes would

      be left to starve the next day . They , base class , have no kindred feeling with the masses . It is contrary to their practice of accomulating wealth . Their aim is to procure as mnch labour as possible for as little wages as possible . Tbe interest of working men Is the reverse . Tbe philanthropic Mr . Cobden , who assays to devote his whole attention to the benefit of lira' working men , has not contradicted a statement Which publicly charged hto witti reducing his calico printers twopence in the sbHlin ; . If tbe middle dasseg really wanted to do good to the working classes and to themselves effectually , let them unite in one bond of union for the acquirement of the Charter ; and If the industrious classes -were once protected in their

      labour by means of the Chatter , they would soon show their willingness to repeal not only tbe Corp Laws bat every other law which might prove a dead weight upon the prosperity of all : classes of society , Mr , H . next alluded to the forthcoming Conference to be held at Birmingham on the 5 th of September , and urged upon the men of Newcastle the propriety of examining for themselves the several Plans of Organization suggested for the consideration of tbe delegates on that occasion ; and as much depended upon tiie conclusion which might be come to there , he hoped they would give such insttuottoHS to their delegates as ¦ would enable them to re > organi ' Z 3 toe Chartist l > ady and enable them to hold that position

      in society Which , they held in Newcastle , in 1839 . After Mr . H . sat down , Mr . James Frazer moved , and Mr . Cocbburn seconded , the following reBolution , which was unanimously agreed to : ^ - ^ That in the opmion of this meeting a committee of seven should be now appointed to scrutini&i the varioua plans suggested by the friends of the people for the re-organizvtion of the Chartiats of Great Britain , and otherwise make the necessary arrangements for the opinions of toe Chartists of Newcastle being fully represented in the forthconiirig Conventlro . ' Mr . Win . Fleming moved the following , which was ably seconded by Mr . Harney

      and agreed to unanimously—" That in the opinion of this meeting a committee of five be now appointed to use their utmost in procuring funds in this district for the support of such , of our fellow-men ,. u . xnny . lje sufifer Ing pecuniary embarrassment for the sake ot to see that soch funds be duly Treasurer , and be regularly the Northern Star . " Meears . Fleming , Livingstone , Erableton Were appointed to examine Organizitipn . A vote of thanks Mr . Harney for the able mann vocated the causa of Chartism evening j and after a few worda meeting was diuofoed . tuo ui

      Untitled Article

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      prihcipl& ^ - waaittad . to the Cfeneral anaonncedIn ^ g cc ^ Binna ^ f Fraaar , jgfP ^^ lg ^ s , Ramsg ^ f * K ?>^§^*\' -f the ^^^ S 0 ¥ ^^ f ^ was 4 ?* R ^?^^ ~> - er ia ^ Jv ^ - ^ . ^^ ¦ * F 3 ? ^ C j ^ i : ; in ifpyfeFS ^ -ft t ^ y &m ^ 0 MM ; or ecuxo jjiiuiiniiir— - r « mitted to the General aounced in , Vb 0 c ^ jBamsof . Frazar , S ^^ tt ^^^^ . ion , Bams ^ tfc ^ gsgel ?*? ^ ^ » the dlflWe ^| i , ^ fen »;»^ - <^\ is was ^( Bsin ^ ffindere ^ ntf K c ^ , I aer in ^< P ?^ - ^ b JB ^ k > -. ' . < tism ^ P ^ c ^ £ . t 5 ^ : v'C ^ < 3 a in ^^ m ^^ -W ^ P ^ J ^ Jtf !* & %$ ¦ ..- <^ . ' ** ¦ f *< f v 7 ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 12, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct814/page/7/