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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th November 1843, Edition 4 of 3, Page 3, Hftaratur*

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      I3omi)

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      BIBBS . ( BI BW 2 A COOK . ) Birds ! lords 178 are ieauiiful things , With yom earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving ¦ wings .-Where shall man -wander , and -where * h * V he dwell , Beautiful birds , that ye come not as well ? Ye havejnaste on ths mountain all ragged and stark ; Ye hare nests in the forest all-tangled and dark ; Yelmildanff ye brood ' neath the cottagers' saxes , And ye sleep en Hie sod -mid the bonnie green leaves ; Ye hide in the heather , ye lark in the brake . Ye dive in the sveet flags that shadow the lake ; Ye skim -where the stream parts de orchard-decked

      land ; Ye daztoe trhere thB foam sweeps the desolate strand : Se&oMfol birds , ye come thickly around , TYhfiii the bad ' s on the brartchsnd the ssoir ' s oh the _ -. ¦ ground ; . Ye come -when the richest of roses flash ont , And ye come -when the yellow leaf eddies about

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      Grey-haired pilgrim , than , hast been ¦ Bound the chequered world I ween ; Tlhau hast lived in happy lands , Where the thriving city stands ; Thou bast trayelTd far to Bee Where the city used to be ; Chance and change are every where , "Riches here and ruins there ; Pilgrim thon hast gazed on all , On rising pile and frj ^ ipg wall . Tell ns , saw ye not brave birds , In the crumbling 'h < P « of old , * Where Monarch ' s smile and rulert words

      Breathed above the cbauced gold ? Say trho is it now that waits At the " hundred brazen gates" ! Who is now the great High Priest , Bending o ' er the carrion feast ? Who is now the reigning ene , O ' er the dost cf Babylon ? It is the owl with doleful scream , Waking the jackall from his dream ; It is the Riven black and sleek , . Wi £ i shining claw and sharpened beak It is the Tnltore sitting high In mockery of thrones gone by .

      Pilgrim , say , what dost thon meet In busy mast and crowded street * There the smoke-brown Sparrow sits ; There the dingy Martin flits ; There the tribe from doTe-bouse coop Sake their joyons morning swoop ; There the treasured singing pet In his narrow cage is set , Welcoming the beams that come - Upon his gilded prison-home . * * * ? PDgriHi say , who was it show'd A ready pathway to the Alp ? Who was it crossed yonr lonely roBd , from the TaUey to the scalp ? Tired and timid friends bad failed , Besting in fe tut below ; 3 Snfc yonr bold heart still was hailed By the eagle and the crow <

      yjf ^ 1 manner j mayvi go Par as the strongest wind can blow , But much thoalt tell when thon eomest back Of the sea running high and the sky growing black ; Of the mast that went with a rending crash , Of the lee-shore seen by the lightning's flash -. And never Ehalt them forget to speak Of the white GnB ' s ery and the Petrel ' s shriek ; Pot oat on the ocean , leagues away , Jiadly KVimmoth the boding fiock . The storm-fire boms , but what care they ? Tis the season of joy and the timeior play , When the thunder-peal and the breaker ' s spray Are bursting and boiling around the rock .

      Up in the soming while the dew Is splashing in crystals o ' er him , The ploughman hies to the upland rise , But the Lark is there before him . He sings -while the team is yoked fcCLthe shire ; He sings while the mM is going ; Hfi mngB when the noon-tide south is fair ; He sings when the west is glowing , yew his pinions are spread o ' er the peasant ' s head ; U ' iW he drops in the farrow behind him . O ! the Lark is a merry and constant mate , Withont favour or fear to bind fihn

      -Be&Ufnl birds 1 how the school boy remembers The warblers that chorused his holiday tune , Who . robin thai chirp'd in the frosty Decembers , The Blac&binl that whistled through fiosrer-ovsraed Jane . That schoolboy remembers his holiday ramble , When iepull'd every blossom of palm he could see , When his finger was raised as he stopped in the bramble , With " Hark ! there ' s the Cuckoo , bow doss he must

      BsmiUM birds ! "W& ' ve encircled thy names With the fairest of fruits and the fiercest of flaases , We paint War with his Eagle and Peace , wita ker 3 > ove , With the red bolt of Death , and the olive ef Lov §; The fountain of friendship is never complete Tin ye coo o ' er its waters so sparkling and sweet ; And where is the bsiid that would dare to divide Sven Wisdom ' s grave self from the Owl by her Mae ?

      Beautiful creatures of freedom and light , O ! where is the eye that groweth not bright As it watches you trimming your s » f t , glossy coats , Swelling your bosoms and ruffling your throats ? O ! I would not ask , as the old ditties sing , To be happy as sand-boy * ' or " happy as king ;*' Por ths joy is more blissful that bids me declare , V-Tm as happy « s all the wild birds in the air . " 1 -will tell them to find me a crave when I die ,

      Where so marble will shnt ont the glerieos sky . Jjet them give me a tomb where the daisy will bloom , Where the moon will shine down , and the leveret pass by ; But be sure there ' s a bee stretching out , high and wide , Where tie linnet , Thrush , and the Wood-Iaik may hide : Pox the truest and purest of requiems heard Is the eloquent hymn of the beautiful Bird .

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      TAIT'S MAGAZINE . Tah OT > ens this month -with a vigorous defence of Lord Brougham . The ex-Chancellor is a man who lias dose no small amount of both good and evil in lis time . It is but fair to acknowledge , that in his day . Lord Brougham did more than any other man ever connected with the Whig party , toward rousing the people to a knowledge of their rights , and in many instances devoted his talents to the servics of the community and of mankind at large . Ai the same time , we have sot forgotten his calumnies directed against the English-labourers in the debates on the New Poor Law , and the support ie gave to that execrable measure . Ir-deed it is to Inm that the people of this country are principally

      indebted for that monstrous act of robbery , cruelty , and -wrong , dignified -with the same of "law . " Hence -we are not very enthusiastic admirers of the ex-Chancellor ; still we loathe the systematic and hireling abuse heaped upon him by the hacks of the "Whig press . If anything conld reconcile ns to Lord Brougham , it is Ms renunciation of that basest of all kase factions that ever cursed this or any other country- with their existence , —the Whigs : and Lord Brougham has certainly "done the Slate some service" by his exposures , of late years , of the political deliiquencies of thai rascally , hypocritical erew . For this he has had the dally and -weekly abuse of sjI the bribed press-writers in the pay of iis former colleagues , One favenrite piece of lying ,

      jnneh in vegue -with fhese hacks , of which the Chronicle and Excmm er axe the chiefs , ib that of ascribing to the pen of Lord Brougham anything that may appear in print in his defence . Ibis was ihe case "with a letter in the Standard . The Editor of the Standard denied it ; and Lord Brougham solemnly asserted the falsehood of the accusation . Jfo m&tter ; the Morning Chronicle of Friday last comes okI -with an article of a column and a half in length , ( stuffed with most rancorous abnse ) devoted to the stowing that the defence of LordBrongham in Tali ' s Magaxine is -written by Lord Brougham's self , Surely the force of impudence ean no farther f ; o I But these dirty WM ^ s Jodfie of every one else j iaemselTes . Lord PaJmer 2 | on has , it is said .

      lately become one of the proprietors of the Chrontctei and those profound articles , laudatory of the Pal-Jnerstonian policy , which involved as Jn the vrars With China and Afghanistan , desolated the shores of Sjiia , and added so immensely to the power of Basssj—are said Jo be written by him elf . So says public rumour ; and neither Lord Palmerston nor the Chronicle have denied the truth of the " soft Im peachment . " Thus do these masked and * rosiitnted writers charge apon others that of which they know themselves to be guilty . Tali , honereT t gives them as good as they send , though certainly in a style Tery different , because infinitely ' above , that of Lord Brougham's "detractors . " Speaking of &em Tail says : —

      " Porterity will proconace between lord Brougham and bis vimlent ^ aligners , thonph it is doubtful if 3 > pBterity wai bear of their semes in connexion with iia , nnlesB he stall . , to his otter ¦ woiks , add a sew 3 > orclad ;—s Knariad might be tie tipttr title . The "Whig scribes of the day who now tradEce him will be lorgottfen as are the Tory osss of a paefc day—the veno-

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      mous Examiners share the oblivion of the ferocious John Bull Bat do those persons who , at second-hand and on trust , take up this foul railing at Lord Brougham , ever reflect upon what a debt of gratitude Britain and humanity owe to that one man ?—or what of tenderness and reverence is due to so eminent ^ benefactor of his species ,-even admitting that all with what he is charged were as tree as it is either false , or perverted and exaggerated ? Is there at this moment one living statesman who has accomplished so much , substantial good for mankind , for the cause of freedom , for the promotion of civilisation , for the widest interests of the whole race , as this same calumniated Lard Brougham ? It has been his singular fort&ae to be the benefactor of bis species to an exbekt that it is not easy to calculate , and also to draw forth among Ma contemporaries more of the baser and more hateful qualities of human nature than any other great statesman . "

      We , of course , by no means " go the whole hog ' ¦ with the -writer in the above quotation , so laudatory of his " Lordsuip . " There is muoh of truth in the following ,-with -which-we conclude this notice of " Lord Brougham and his Detractors" : — " There are teasons for all things . It was not for nothing that the Whigs enjoyed , if not power , then patronage for ten years . If they did not in that period glnt every follower with the fat of place , they yet dispensed many goed things , and gave all their adherents a keen appetite for a farther taste . They did nothing for their country—they said they had no power

      —but they did a great deal to strengthen themselves as a faction . Now , from the highest to the lowestfrom the courtly Sybarite who basked in the smiles of virgin Majesty , to the lowest well-paid or expectant whipper-in and jobber in the remotest Whig garrison of the empire—from the highest to the lowest of the confraternity , there was , and Is , and must be , dislike , jealousy , or furious hatred of Lord Brougham . And for thia cood reaBoo—that be powerfully helped to turn out the Finali / p , useless Administration—thanks to him ! —and helps to keep it out , too , until it shall shew what claim , from will and power to serve the country , it has upon public confidence . "

      ** Yonng Scotland" is an amusing eqoib from the pen of Bon Gaultier , 1 * t off at the expense of the IUuminaii of modern Europe . The milk-sop mysticisms , and lack-a-dasical retrogressions of " Young England ; " and the rabid , blood-and-thonderanti-Saxon bnllyings of ** Young Ireland" are bravely hit off , and will afford the reader , as it has ns , a hearty gvffaw . The concluding notice of De Custines Empire of the Czar" we shall give extracts from in our next . An excellent analysis of Mrs . . Gore ' s new novel , " The Banker ' s Wife , * " follows ; and to novel readers will be -well worth the whole prioe of the Magazine .

      " The Bushrangers" is one of a series of Anstralian Sketches" giving an exciting account of the dangers which the settler in that part of the world is exposed to from the terrible brigands of the u Bosh . " There 13 a good review of the recently published biographies of Dr . Edmund Cartwright , ( brother to the celebrated Major Cartwright ); and Mr . Sydney Taylor . The former , the inventor of the powerloom , and the latter a highly popalar writer , who many years contributed to our periodical literature ,

      and was one of the principal writers in the Morning Seraldi the inimitable articles on death punishments , the Poor Laws ; the Slave Trade , &c . being from his pen . a Hia writings in the periodicals of the day , for upwards of twenty years , embrace a vast range and variety of subjects ; though neariy all of them have some direct and high moral aim . What his persevering and powerful advocacy of the abolition of Death Punishments effected is well known ; but he was also the advocate of every social improvement and reform . "

      A nnmber of extracts are given from the articles in the Herald . We can only find room for the following : —

      "PBOGBESS OF BUBAL IKCXNDIABISJI . " The - progress of rural incendiarism is alarming . Our columns [ Morning Hcrald'i } and those of other journals , bear daily testimony to the melancholy fact To conceal the truth serves ne other purpose than to prevent our ascertaining the cause of the evil , to which a remedy ought to be applied . What is the cause of the dreadful prevalence of a crime so f ereign to the habits of the BngllBh people in former times , and which illnmlnes our fields in thesB days of ' Rtform' and intellect , ' with the desolating flumes of midnight conflagration ? If we cannot say whet the cause is . we can certainly

      say what it is not It is not the leniency of the law , nor the mild and merclfnl spirit in which In Which it has been carried into effect , that has encouraged the crime of stack-burning . The law , we need sot say , is a law denouncing dtEth to the offender—a law which has , for several years past , been inexorably executed in almost every case of conviction ; and , we regret to add , in many instances in which there are strong reasons to believe that the victims of the law -were innocsnt . Still the crime has gone on incressi&g- Scarcely Is the dreadful work of an Asr ^ e over , when it bursts oat afresh , and seems to defy the power of the law to extinguish it with blood .

      " Tkis state of things should , long since , have awakened the attention ef the Ministers ef the Crown to the condition of the rural population . It should have convinced them that there is something rotten in the serial system , which political 'reforms / as they are called , donottonefc . * * "AwiBeand just Government would have endeavoured to find employment tar the people , and adequate -wages , before it punished them for being idle . Sccb a Government -would never think of making tbe system of workhouse prisons universal , and punishing poverty ta a crime . It would make a distinction between voluntary and unavoidable pauperism—between sturdy vagrancy and tbe casual dependence which ia the visitation of misforttme . But our Government is

      neither wiae ner just It aggravates , by its bad measures or its neglect , the misery that misgoverument has brought upon them , and then relies npon the long-disproved efficacy of exterminating laws to protect society from the eonseauesces of its own errors , indolence , or vices ]" An excellent article on ** Railway Reform" t © which we may return at a f stare time , concludes the principal of the articles in prose . The "Literary Register" contain some very entertaining extracts , and the " Poetry" is as unial worthy of the hi ' Rh literary character of the Magazine . We conclude our extracts with " THE HIIGBANT'S SOMG .

      I" We stood on a crowded pier , where a multitude assembled to vetch tbe departure of a band of Cornish Emigrants who were about to embark for New Zealand . These voluntary exiles entered the boats that bore them for ever from their native land with shoot ? and smiles of gladness , saying , as they cheerfully departed , ' Give us joy , we shall return no more . ' An old woman of seventy , tottering on , answered indignantly , ' I am , ' when an inquiry was made as to whether she too was going . Eighty from one parish departed together ; they left sot a relative behind them . Their vessel rode at anchor at a short distance from ths shore . For a few moments after every boat had reached tbe ship there was profound silence—then a mournful cry arose , faintly borne over the still waters . My liitle companion said , ' They sing a hymn j' but in my mind I thought it was the irrepressible burst of grief which succeeded the Emigrant's reckless Farewell . ]

      Fobth from onr fathers' homes , YTe come a dauntless band . With every pulse of sorrow still'd , To leave our native land , With shouts we gain the crowded Bhore , And return no more . Our fathers' homes have been A scene of toil and grief ; In vain we ploogh' 4 our stubborn lend To yield our scuU relief . Gladly we l&ave its fatal shore , To return no more . England—the time has been ,

      Tire strongest men would grieve ; Hearts , 2 & « the riven oak , would break , Thy-boasted land to leave : Tet gladly shall we quit thy shore , To return so more . And can our spirits rise , To tempt the stormy sea ! We have no crimes to weigh us down ; We have been guiltless—free . Why should we joy to leave thy shore , To return no more ? Birds in a garden set , Whose fruits are turned to gold ; So we in English £ dens dwelt , And pined midst stores untold . Should -we then meura to quit the shore Where starve the poor ?

      Our "wives have dioop'd from paSn , Our little cuss hive died ; And still the loidlings of ths land Holl'd by ns in their pride . 0 cuised be tbe fltniy shore That spumed its poor ! Sorely we ' ve been feeBet By cares too great to tell : Taxation , with his iron gripe , Hath made oar bosoms swell ; And driv * B us from our father ' s door , A homeless poor . In jammer ' s golden prime

      We view'd with honest glee Onr orchards teem with promis'd gain , Our flocks make glad the lea : 0 then we praised Old England ' * shore , And wept so more . We ros 9 at early dawn , To -whet the ready scythe ; But craftily tbe panon csme To EBiza his oft-claim'd tttfcr » . We vowd to leave a priest-ruled store , Asd return eq more .

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      They wrong God's mighty power Who make us bend the knee , And pay to State religions , when Our Saviour set us free . Away!—we bead the knee no more On Compulsion ' s shore . And shall we leave behind The foes who mockMour pain ? Shall thousand ages roll away , And we not meet again ? 0 , yes 1 we gladly quit their shore , To return no more . And shall we leave behind The friends we ' ve lov'd so well ? 0 , no ! together will we roam , In freer lands to dwell . England—we quit thy chain-bound share . And return no more . The infant at the breast ,

      The mother fond and true , The grandame with her palsied limbo . The youth with health's bright hue ; All leave behind their native shore , And return no more . Ah , why thin starting tear ? Have we not ceased to feel ? In poverty's rough school we learn'd Our weaker powers to steeL England bath cast ! us from her shore 1 We will weep no xaan . CV- 'iinly tbe effort made : Nature assarts her sway , And o ' er each rugged feature now The better feelings play ) . England—we love our native shore , Tnougn scorn'd and poer J However briirht our home ,

      And free from core and pain , Our hearts are bound to Albion's isle By strong Affection ' s chain : Oar echoing voices bless tbe « hore We behold no moreJ" ' THE ARTTZ \ N NO . X . London : Simpkin , Mar-SHALL , AJiD CO . This month ' s number contains some excellent articles on "Modern Art in Germany . " "The Atmospheric Railway ; ' * " The health of the working cl * sse 3 in laree towns ; " " The Trades of Birmingham ; " "The Building Arts ; " " On Cuttings , Embankments" &o . ; with a large number of minor pieces , all exhibiting an amount of research , literary talent , and practical knowledge , calculated to ensure the success and lasting stability of this publication , —an honour to tho olasa from whom it emanates and for whom it is published .

      From the article On the health of the Working Classes in large towns , " we give the following extracts : — " ieeds is situated on a slope running down towards the river Alre , which meanders about a mile and a half through" tbe tows , and is liable to oveiflows during thaws or after heavy rains . The higher or western districts are clean for so large a town , but the lower parts contignous to tho river and its becks or rivulets are dirty , confined , and , in themselves , sufficient to shorten life , especially infant life ; add to this the disgusting state of the lewer parts of tho town about Kirkgate , Harsh-lane , Crora-Btreet , and Richmond-road , principally owing to a general want of paving and draining , irregularity cf building , the abundance of courts and blind alleys , as well aa the almost total absence of the commonest means for promoting cleanliness , and -we have then quite sufficient data to account for the surplus mortality in these unhappy regions of filth and misery . ;

      "In censequenoe of the floods from the Atte , the dwelling-houses and ceilara are frequently bo inundated that the water has to be pumped out by hand-pumps , on to the surface of the streets ; and at such times , even where there are sewers , the water rises through them into the cellars , creating miasmatic exhalations , fctiongly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen , and leaving offensive refuse , exceedingly prejudicial to human health . Indeed during a season of inundation In the spring of 1839 , bo fatal were the effects of such an engorgement of the sewers , that the registrar of the North district made a report , that during that quarter there were , in that neighbourhood , iv # births to three deaths , whilst in all tbe other districts there were three to two deaths . Other populous districts are without seweis . or so

      iuadi quately provided as to derive no advantage therefrom . In some rows of booses , the cellar dwellings are seldom dry ; in another district , several streets are described as being " in that state in which a frequented road leading to a brick-garth would be la wet weather . " The inhabitants have from time to time vainly attempted to repair these streets with ehovehfull of ashes ; for Sbil , refuse-water , ice , stani in every hole where & lodgement can be made , there to remain until absorbed by wind or sun— " a perpetual nubscce to tie eye . and a perpetual source oJ fever to the whole body . " —( Report of Tou »» Ciuneil in Statistical Journal ,, vol . 2 , p . 404 ) . The confined state of the dwellings is another cause fraught ¦ with evils of a moral as well as physical nature . An ordinary cottage in Leeds , extends over no more

      than about five yards Eqnare , and consists usually of a cellar , a Bitting room , and a sleeping chamber . Tb ' small sii » of the houses , indeed , may perhaps be one of the causes of tbe tendency to consumption , which bear * a high proportion here to other disease ? , and prevails to a much greater extent than is generally imaginedfor there can be no doubt , that the vitiated atmosphere of sleeping rooms so confined , crammed almost to suffocation with human beings during both day and night , predisposes the system to lung-diseases . We believe , moreover , that this tendency to phthisis is in a very small degree if at all owing to tbe nature of the woollen manufactures . Tbe Irish band-loom weavers are here , as elsewhere , remarkable for that total indifference to comfort and decency , which renders them a bano to every population with which they commiogla

      " Birmingham , the great seat of the toy and trinket trade , and competing with Sheffield in the hardware manufacture , is furnished by its position on a slope falling towards the Bea , with a very good natural drainage , which is much promoted by tbe porous nature of the sand and gravel , ef which tbe adjacent bigh grounds are mainly composed . The principal street * , therefore , are well drained by covered sewers ; but still in tbe older parts of the town there are many inferior streets and courts , which are dirty and neglected , filled with stagnant water and heaps of refuse . The courts of Birmingham are very numerous in eretj direction , exceeding 2 , 006 , and comprising the residencs of a large portion of the working classes . They are for tbe most part narrow , filthy , ill-ventilated .

      and badly drained , containing from eight to twenty houses each , tbe bouses being nsaally three etories high , and eften merely single , that is , built against some other tenement , and the end of the courts being pretty constantly occupied by aBhpits , &c , tbe filth of which ' wbuld defy description . It is but just , however , to remark that the courts of mpre modern date ate built in a more rational manner , and kept tolerably respectable ; and the cottages , even in courts , are far less crowded than in Manchester aud Liverpool , the result of which is , that tbe inhabitants , in epidemic seasons , have been much less visited by death thnn thoEe of TVolverhampton , Dudley , and Bilston , at only a few miles distance . Cellar-residences , also , are unknews in Birmingham , though some few " are , vary

      improperly , used as workshops . The low lodging , houses are somewhat numerous ( somewhat exceeding 400 ) , chitfly in courts near tbe centre of the town ; they are almost always loathsomely filthy and close , the resorts of beggars , bumpers , thieves , asd prostitutes , -who here , regardless alike of decency or comfort , eat , drink , smoke , and sleep in an atmosphere unendurable by all except the degraded , besotted inmates . In such places as these small-pox , scarlatina , low continued fever , inflammation of tbe lungs , bronchitis and pulmonary phthisis , carry off about one in twenty-four yearly : and it is rarely , indeed , that , iu the lowest districts , as Slaney-atreetj Steel-house-lane , and similar localities , one sees a person whese age may exceed fifty , —so baneful are tbe effects of the miasmatic h , naence exerted on

      the vital energies . Typhus , however , in its true form , is rare in Biimingham , causing a mortality of only 4-3 per centi while the deaths from eruptive fevers , generally , are 14 per cent , of the whole mortality . The mortality of infants is high—exceeding 32 per cent ; and of those who die every year about one-third are carried off by lung-diseases— chiefly tubercular consumption and itflammation ( pneumonia ) . Ou the whole , Birmingham is less unhealthy than might be supposed from tbe kinds of occupation in which » beut G 7 per cent of its popelation are engaged ; but there still remain numerous glaring evils , tbe reform of which will unquestionally leeson the number of the dying , aud add to the vigour and happiness of the living population .

      " Before we close theBB descriptions of the sanitary condition of towns , it will be necessary to say a few words on Edinburgh and Glasgow—the leading towns of Scotland—and it will be plainly seen that gaunt misery is as familiar with our northern artizuns as with onr poorer brethren in the south . Edinburgh has the reputation of being a beautiful and siaglaiVy v ? el \ - placed city ; so mnch so , indeed , that it hns been termed 11 ^ modern Athens f' but this description applies principally to the New Town , which has bsen built less than s , century , wheieas the O 1 S Town , whicu was built at different times , aud originally within waiis , consists of numerous closes , or veynis , diverging from the High-street , and the houses are often so eloaj together , that persons may step from the window of

      one Bouse to that of the bouse opposite—so high , piled story after story with the view ot saving room , that the light can searcely penetrate to the ceurt beneath . In this part of tbe town there are neither sewers nor any private conveniences whatever belonging to the dwellings ; and hance the excrementitious and other refuse of at least 50 , 000 persons is , during the night , thrown into the gutters , causing ( in spite of the * cavengers ' daily labours ) an amount of solid filth and fcetid exhalation disgusting to . feotb sight and smell , as well as exceedingly prejudicial to health . Can it be wondered that , in such localities , health , morals , and common decency should be at once neglected ? No ; all who know the private condition of tbe inhabitants will bear testimony to ^ e immense amount of their disease , misery , and dt-njoralifccHea . Society in these quarters bas sunk , to a fcUte itdesciilably vile and wretched ;

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      and , aa Mr . Chambers observes , in a letter to the poorlaw commissioners , "they have gravitated to a point 0 ! wretchedness from which no efforts of the pulpit , the press , or the schoolmaster can raise them j far they are too deeply sunk to physical distress , and far too obtuse IU tbele moral ' perception ., to derive advantage from any such means of melioration . ' Tbe dwellings of the posrer chases are generally very filthy , apparently never subjected to any cleaning process whatever , con-Mating , in most cases , of a single room , iU-vantilated and yet cold , owing to broken ill-fitting windows , sometinies damp and partially trader-ground , and always scantily furnished and altogether comfortless ,

      heaps of straw often serving for beds , in which a whole family—male and female , young and old—are huddled together in revolting confusion , The supplies of Water are obtained only from the public pumps , and the trouble of procuring itof course favours the accumulation of all kinds of aboainatfona . Th » result of stich a state of things will be found by referring to tit . Alison ' s work on tbe ' Management of tha Poor . * It ia there stated that , owing to the crowded and intolerably filthy state ofthe lodgings , the Lanes and closes © f the Old Town are scarcely ever free from malignant fever , and that in the city itselfthe mortality ( 1837-8 ) amounted to 4 £ per cent * ( l io 22 ) almost equal to that of the plague-depopulated Constantinople .

      Glasgow is a city , the appearance of which is in everyway inferior to Edinburgh , and the fact of ito being the seat of an extensive weaving industry , would leailuB , a priori ,, to conceive a probably high amount of destitution and unhealthy crowding of population . Toe elimate is fa ? from being unhealthy ; the population in 1849 Was estimated at 282 OOP , of -whom about 7 S per cent , belong to ttiewrking classes , 50 , 000 being Irish . Glasgow has its fine , airy , healthy quarters , that may vie with those of London and all wealtfey cities ; but it has others also which , in abject wretchedness , exceed the lowest purlieus of St . Qilea' or Whltecbapel , the liberties of Duhjin , or tha wynds of Edinburgh . Such localities exist mo ? t abundantly in the heart of the oily —south of the trongate and west of the Saltmarket , as

      well as in the Cdlton , off the High-street , &c—endless labyrinths of narrow lanes or wyuds , into ; wKch almost at every step debouohe courts or closes , formed by old , Ul-venttlatfcd , towering houses crumbling to decay , destitute of water , and- crowded with inhabitants , comprising three or four families ( perhaps twenty persons ) on each fiat , and sometimes each fiat let out in lodgings that confine—we dare not say accommodate—from fifteen to twenty persons in a Bingle room . These districts are occupied by'the poorest , most depraved , and moat worthless portion of the population , and they may be considered as the fruitful source of these pestilential fevers which thence spread their destructive ravages over the wholo of Glasgow . Fluctuations of trade and low ratea of wages no doubt contribute a principal portion of the misery , whioh is nearly doubled by a reckless addiction to the use of ardeut spirits , which are here 80 cheap ( 4 Ad the half-pint ) as to be drank almost

      as copiously as porter is swallowed by tee English , and give rise to an incredible number of whiskey-shops . We iucliue to think , however , that , If the domestic comforts of tbo poor were increased by sanitary regulations , toe dram-shops Would be for less patronised and gradually annihilated , and men would not be found loitering and besotting themselves In the whiskey-houses to avoid the harrowing , depressing sights of domestic misery . Dr . Cowan ' a boob on the " Vital Statistics of Glasgow" is in every way worthy of attentive study , and shows a great surplus of typhus , low , continued fever , bowel diseases , and diseases of the lungs , by all of which , but principally the first , the whole population is carried off at the rate of 1 in 31 ; while the working poor—a stunted , starveling , puny , diasipatedloofcing race—are killed off at the fearfully rapid rate of one in twenty-four : life at birth to these classes being worth scarcely mare than twenty years' purchase !

      " Enough—and more than enough—of such startling , sickening deUila . We propose , oa a future occasion , to point out the remedies for such fearful evils : first , those which each working man cad apply for himself without interference froai law or town authorities ; secondly , those which must flow out of some general act of the legislature that shall affect retrospectively and prospectlvely ev ^ ry town in the British Empire . " We regret that we cannot find room for the valuable tables interspersed in this article , shewing the fearful amount of mortality ia large towns aa compared with the rural districts . Those tables shew "that epidemics are more than thrice as fatal in Manchester and Liverpool than in tha rural districts ; that diseases of the nervous system are more than

      aaintupled , and diseasesof the stomach rather more than doubled ; while deaths by lung diseases ia towns seem to boas 2 5 to I in the country . A very important consideration , however , to which wo would call particular attention , is this : that the deaths of infants are increased fourfold by epidemics ( smallpox , measles , hooping-cough , aud scarlatina ); threefold by water on the brain , and almost tenfold by convulsions ! Suicides also are greatly increased in towns , aud most of them are committed by persons belonging to cho working classes . " ' : For the tables themselves * n must refer our readers to tho Magazine ; whioh we again earnestly recommend as one of the most talented and truly useful periodicals issuing from the Metropolitan Press .

      The NEW AGE and CONCORDIUM GAZETTE . November 1843 . A BRIEF' ACCOUNT op the FIRST CONCORD 1 UM , on HARMONIOUS INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE . London : Cleavo , Shoe-lane , Fleetstreet . The former of these publications , —the monthly organ of the Society , ( price two-pence , ) contains several good articles . From the latter ( prioe one penny ) we give tho following extracts illustrative of the mode of life pursued by this interest vug body of Social Reformers , who seem to realize practically ( so far as possible ) what god-like Shelley only dreamed of in his " Queen Mab" : —

      " Taking then their rules from this highest triune law , they proceed to the practical working in accordance with it , and in so doing , find it needful to adopt the most simple and industrious habits of life , aa being the bfcst conditions tot the evolution of good in the moral , psychical , and physical spheres Hence they usually rise eaWy , say from four to half-past five o'clock . Bathing and other personal operations occupy till a quarter-past six , when the bell rings for work of all kinds to commence ; and each in their respective department work tilt a quarter before eight , when they

      prepare for breakfast . This commences at eight o ' clock , and consists generally of Scotch oatmeal porridge , rice , brown wheatun bread / apples , Uttuce , and other green food , BUch-as the garden produces at the time . In winter , figs , dates , or raisfna are provided , instead of the variety the summer affords . Daring the breakfast , oue of the mtmbeva readu aloud a portion of sorae interesting wark selectsd by themselves . A great variety of subjects are thus brought before the consideration of the members , and considerable information is obtained by them . This practice is also observed durirg both dinner and supper time .

      1 " At a quarter before nine o ' clock each one resumes his ov hex particular employment . The occupations consist chiefly in printing , shoe-making , clothesmaking , gardening , bcliirg , washing , and carpentering . These works ate generally carried on in small groups of two or three together . By mutual converse during their labours , the time is happily spent , and the tediousness of long monotonous toil obviated . The return of dinner time soon comes round . At a quarter before one , the bell tings to prepare for it : at one o ' clock all meet in the dining-room , and paitake of a simple repast This generally consists of rise , or other puddings , potntoes , and other vegetables , as cabbage , beet , parsnipB , peas , besnoi vegetable m-vrvow , artichokes , apples , pears , &c ., according to the season . At two o ' clock all return to their occupations . Having been refreshed both mentally and physically , they resume their work with ease and pleasure . At fcalf-past four , eight hours' labour baa been performed , and then

      the bait rings t 9 relinquish the physical exertions of the day ; and eacls member joyfully commences another mode of action . He now gees more immediately into the mental sphere ; and eaoh one exorcises in that branoh of instruction to which his taste directs him;—some to a class , some to writing , reading or music . At six o'clock all paTtako of the third meal , of bread , rice , fruits , and vegetables , with clear sprir . g water , the sole beverage of the Society . In tho summer , supper is generally fallowed by a walk of recreation in the garden . At other seasons , moat e ^ eBVaga ate engaged , in some way previsualy arr-ogod , —aa on Monday , dancing and music ; Tuesday ctesses ; Wednesday , family lUQottng , for the arrnussfug of all the business of tbe Society , reading of correspondence , receiving members , appointing tfficers or I « adev 3 of departments , and nil other duties of the members , a © d general business of tae Society ; Friday , convorsauon , &c Sunday is chitflV occupied in receiving visitors , and attending lectures given on the premised .

      " The time for retiring to rest is item mne to ten o ' clock . All sleep upon mattresses , not a feather bed beHig ' in the house , as it fs considered that lying on feathers is both euervatinjf ami unhealthy . * * Thoy riso eavly , that their labours may be perfoTiced tiy ' wile natural light of the sun , ratht * ihan the artificial liglit of tbe candle This is better for tha eras and for gfcui ul health . The bright qu ^ t of tho worning , interrupted only by the sweet songsters of nature is most conducive to tkongbt and good feeling . " For further information wo must comm end our readers to the works themselves . THE PROMETHEAN ; a Quartebly Magazine of Societarun Science , Domestics , Ec-CLFsiASTics , Politics , and Literature . New Tracts for the Times , Nos . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 , Ac . &o . London : B . D . Cousins , 18 , Dukestreet , Lincoln's Inn Fields .

      These are publicationsconducted by Mr . Goodwyn Barmby , a gentleman , well-known , to the Social Reforming portion of the movement party , as one who has long and assiduously laboured to advance tb < 3 cau . se oi ' Lumau progression . Mr . B ., like Thv-nms ' Carlyle , ar . d lh < s Eshtot of " Thf Stephen ! , " h « . 3 a system 0 ? writing " ^ his ovs-d ; " coirJn ;< new rcorc ' s and phrases to euit hid jju : j .-3 £ f , whenever the old lann ' a ^ e of society seem s to him to be nyt ( . ' uSckn ' . ;? ' ¦ . xpt ^ sive to impart

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      his ideas . The Promethean ^ while containing much of that which is not understandable by us , and therefore that which may not by us be condemned , it seeing that the obscurity may not ba wholly ou the side of the writer , contains at the same time muoh that is clear , philosophical , and jast . Independent of the editorial contributions , there are pleasing and profitable articles from the pens of other apostles of Communism . ] The ¦ ** Tale of the Lover Suicides " under the signature of Salvador St . Just , in No . 4 , is worth all the cost of ths entire number . The T ' acts are smaller , but similar , publications to the " Promethean" like it devoted to the promulgation of the peculiar viewa of Mr . Barmby . To all who would study the question of maukind ' 3 destiny , and ! the problem of Social Reform , the " Promethean" and the New Tracts will commend themselves . 1

      ADDRESS ] OP THE IRUH- UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION TO THE ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS OP IRELAND . Dublin : Dyott , 26 , Norih King-ftreet . This is a | sixpenny pamphlet published by the above Association in reply to tho atrocious slanders of that arch calumniator , Daniel O'Connell . It certainly does Icontain some " startling" allegations . some of which have rather astonished us , though we were previously pretty weir acquainted with the pranfeB and real character 0 ? the "Liberator . " Instead of the motto— " Civil and Religious Liberty , " that of " Daniel O'Connell fs a knave in politics , aud a ] hypocrite in religion , " would have suited much better : for he is clearly proved to be both in the pamphlet before us .

      One thingi ia very significant throughout these pages , namely , the astounding and withering power ef priestcraft in Ireland ; proven by the anxiety manifested by tho authors to stand clear of the charges of "Socialism" and •* infidelity" preferred against them by Mokanna . It proves that in Ireland a man dare not be an " infidel" or a " Socialist /' unless in secret ! Now , we proclaim fearlessly , with a full kjsowledge that we have readers amongst all the religious sects , including an immense number of Catholics ; that in accordance with his convictions , a man has a right to be any religion , or of no religion , just as his convictions warrant him in believing or disbelieving- If Daniel O'Connell and Co . will not subscribe to this principle ; if while they howl againsfcj ** Protestant , persecution , " they persecute , so far as they dare , those whom they call"" infidels ; " then ar « they hypocrites , and prove that

      they only lack the power to be tyrants in the place of those against ; whose tyranny they wage war . The spirit of the Inquisition evidently lurks in ( he heart of Dan ; a spirit which , despite Puseyite backsliding ^ , will , if need be , be battled with to the death on this side of Si . Geprge ' s Channel . As to the Socialists , " there may be Honest differences as to their modus operandi ; but we toll our Irish friends , aye , aud some of our not very-deeply thinking English friends too , that the great problem of social happiness can only be solved something after tbe "Socialist" fashion . Until mastership ssj annihilated ; until slavery is utterly abolished , whether of the cart-whipped African , or the wage-paid toil-ground and belly-pinched whi : e man ; there will be no real liberty—no real happinsss on the earth : and mere political reforms are useless unless they accelerate and aid 6 uch changes . " Political equalityithe means ; sooial happiness the end , " ib our motto , ' t ¦

      This pamphlet is an excellent exposure of tbe greatest political impostor that ever existed , and ought to be extensively diffused amongst his deoplyto-be-pitied dupe ? . The revelations on tho " Rint , " and tbe uses to which it is applied , will astonish not a few . Every Chartist locality should ftt least have one copy , whioh Mr . Cleave and other publishers will , no doabt , be ready to supply . Triumphantly do the Irish Chartists repel the accusations of their denunciator ; Sand it is right and proper that their defence should be heard . We only regret that , with the materials ! they had to work with , they did not enter at more length iato the question , and give to the public a full and complete portraiture ofthe real features of the Veiled Prophet . "

      Publications Received . —The Illustrated History of Alcohol , void several Pamphlets * Wo Bhalluotice Oastier ' s Fleet Papers aud Howit ' s History of Priestcraft in our next .

      Hftaratur*

      Hftaratur *

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      PROGRESS ; OF SOCIAL REFORM OK THE j CONTINENT . An interesting article , under the above title , frem the pen of F . jEugels , appeared in tho New Moral World of November 4 th . From it we give the following extracts , the entire article being too lengthy for our columns .

      i INTRODUCTORY . It has always been in some degree surprising , to' me , ever since I met with English Socialist *) , to find that ihost of them are very little acquainted with the social movement going on in different parta of the continent . And yet there ' are moie than half a million , of Communists in France , not taking into account the Fourierists , and otter less radical Social Reformers ; there are Communist assccnMona in every part of Switzerland , sending : forth missionaries to Italy , Germany , aud even Hungary ; and Gsrmaa philosophy , after a long and troublesome circuit , has at last settled upon Communism , i

      : FRANCE . France is , j since the Revolution , the exclusively politics 1 country of Europe . No improvement , no doctrine can obtain national importance in France , unless embodied in some political shape . It seems to be the part the French nation have to perform in the present stage of the history of mankind , to go through all the forms of political development , and to arrive , from a merely political beginning , at the point where all nations , all different paths , mnat meet at Comicunnum . The development of the public mind in Frauoe shows thia clearly , and shows at the same time , what the future history of the English Ccartists must be . > i THE BABEUPISTS .

      I think I may be short npon the subject of Babouvism , a * the history of his conspiracy , by Buonarotti , has been translated into the Eogliah language . The Communist plot did not succeed , because the then Communism itself was of a very rough and superficial kind ; aud because , aa tke other hand , the public mind was not yet fat enough advances .

      j SAINT SIMONISM . The next French Social reformer was Count de St . Simon . He succeeded in getting up a aect , and even some establishments none of which succeeded . The general spirit of the Saint-Simonian doctrines is very much like that of the Hum-Common Socialists , in England ; although , iu the detail of the arrangements and ideas , there is a great difference . The ( singularities aud eccentricities of the Saint- Simouians v « ry soon became the victims of French wit and satire ; and

      everything once made ridiculous ia inevitably lost in France . But , besides this , there were ether causes for the failure of jthe Suint-Simonian establishments ; all the doctrines of this party were enveloped in the clouds of an unintelligible mysticism , which , perhaps , in tbe beginning , attracts the attention of the people ; but , at lost , must lea ? e their expeotationa disappointed . Saiut-Simoniana , after having excited , like a brilliant meteor , the attention of tbe thinking , disappeared from the Sooial horizon .- Nobody now thinks of it , or speaks ef it . Its time is passed .

      . FOURIEBJSM . Nearly at the same time with Saint Simon , another man directed the activity of his mighty intellect to tbe social state of mankind—Fourier . Although Fourier ' s writings do not display thoso bright sparks of genius which we flnd f in Saint Simen ' s and some of his disciples ; although his style is bard , and . shows , to a considerable extent , the toil with which the author is always labouring to bring out hia ideas , and to epeak out things for which no words are provided , in the French language—nevertheless , we read his works with greater pleasure ; and find more real value in them , tn&nln ib , os& of tha preceding school . It was Fourier , who , for the first time , established the great axiom of social philosophy , that every individual having an inclination or predilection fpr seme particular kind ) of work , the sum of all thtss inclinations of all Individuals muBt be , upon the whole , an adequate power for providing for the wants of alL

      Fourier proves , that every one is born with an inclination for some kind of work ; that absolute id ' eness is nonsense , a ithing which never existed , and cannot esrtst ; that the esstence of tbe human mind ib to be aclive itself , aod to bring the body iato activity ; asd that , therefore , ! there is no necessity for making the people aetive by force , as tn the now existing . state of society , but only to give tbair natural activity the tigUt directioB . Ho igoss on proving the identity of labour aad enjoyment , and shows the irrationality ot the present social system , which separates th-.-m , making labour a toil , and placing enjoyment above the roach of the majority of j the labourers ; he shows further , how , under rational arrangements , labour may be made-, what it is intended to be , an enjoyment , leaving every ou 6 to follow his own ! inclinations .

      There fs one ( inconsistency , however , j n Fourierism , and a very important one too , and that is , his nonabolition of private property . In his Phalansteresi or associative establishments , there are rich and poor , capitalists and , working men . The property of all membsra is placed into a joint stock . The establishment carries on commerce , agricultural and manufacturing industry , and the proceeds are divided among the members ; one part as wagea of labour , another , as reward for skill and talent , and a third as pro&ta of capital . TJbus . j after all the beautiful theories of association and free labour ; after a good deal of indignant declaandioa agaiuat commerce , selfishness , ; . nd competition , Wb have in practice , the old competitive system npon an itnpvoved plan ! a poor-iav 7 bustild on moro liberal principles ! Cferteio ?/ , here 1 / e cannot slojij and the Frecch havs nut stooped fcero . ' ¦

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      The progress of Fourierisra in France was slow , but regular . There are not a great many Founerists , ba they count among their numbers a considerable portion of the totelleot-now actite in France . Victor Considerant U one of their cleverest : writers . They have « newspaper , too . ' the " Phatangei" puBHohed forcaeril three times a week , now daily . As the Fourierists are now represented in Eodand , alao , by Mr . Doherty / I think I hav « 5 efttd enoneii concerning them , and new pass to tha most iwp "riant and most radical party in France ,

      IHE COMMON ISTS . I said before , that everything claiming national im > portance , in France , must ; be of a political nature , or it will not succeed . Saint-Simon and Fourier did not touch politics at all ; and tfceir sdiemea . thereforej became not the common property of the ; . nation * but only aubjeeta of private discussion . ; We have Been how Babeuf ' s Communism arose out of the Damocracy of the first revolution . The * second revolution , of 1 J 53 O , gave rise to another and more powerful Communism . The " great week "' of 1830 , wast accomplished by the union ofthe middle and working chwF . ee , the liberals and the republicans . After the -work was done , the working classes-were dismissed , ani the fruits of the revolution were taken possession of hy the

      middle classes only . The . working men got up several insurrections for the abolition of political monopoly , and the eetablisbmenfc of a republic , ¦ ¦ but wereanvay * defeated ; the middle classes having , not only the n-my on their side , but themselves forming the national sruard besides . During this time ( 1831 or 35 ) a new docirina sprang up among the repubUean working men . Thef saw , that even after having succeeded in their democratic plans , they would continue the dupes of their more gifted and better educated leaders ; and that their Social condition , the cause of their political dfwsoa'tenfc , would not be bettered by any political change whatsoever . They referred to the history of the s * eab revolution , and eagerly Beiz-ct upon Babeuf ' s Commu » ii £ tn . This is all thai can , with safety , be asserted concerning

      the origin of modern Communism in France . The snbject was first discussed in the datfe Uncaand crowded alleys of the Parisian suburb , Saint Antoine , ana soon after in the secret assemblies of conspirators , Tuosa who know more about its origin , are- very careful to keep their knowledge to themselves , in order to D . vold the " strong arm of the law . " However , CommunlBm spread rapidly over Paris , Lyons , Toulouse , and tha other large am ? manufacturing towns Of the realm . Various secret associations followed each other , among which the " Travailleuru EgaUtaltes , " or EquaHtatian working men , and the Humanitarians , were the most considerable . Tbe Equ . ilttariaBS were rather a " rough

      set , " like the Babouvisteof the great revolution ; they purposed making the world * working man ' s community , putting down every refinement of civilization , scis nee , the fine arts , &o ., as useless , dangerous , and aristocratic luxuries ; a prejudice necessarily arising from their total ignorance of history and political economy . Tha Humanitarians were known particularly for their attacks on marriage , family , and other similar institutions . Both these , as well as two or three otberparjiesr , were very short-Hved ; and the great bulk of the Frftw . l 1 working classes adopted , very soon , the tenets propounded by M . Cabet , " Pere Cabet / ' ( Father C ) aa he is called , and which are known on the cont . aeni under the name of Icarian Communism .

      THE FRENCH COMHONISTS , REPUBLICANS . This sketch of the History of Communfem in Franca shows , in some measure , what the difference of F . « nch and English Communism must be . The origin of Social Reform in France , is a political one ; it is fsund that democracy cannot give yea ! equality , and therefore the Community scheme is called to its aid . The > uilk of the French Communists are , therefore , Republicans besides ; they want a community state ef society , nader a Republican form of government .

      THEIR MEASURES . But there are ether objections that could be made to the French Communists . They intend overthrowing the present government of their country by foree , and have shown this by their continual policy of secret associations . This is the truth . Even the Icarians , though they declare in their publications , that they abhoi physical revolutions and secret societies , even they are associated in . thio manner , aed : would gladly seizd upon any opportunity to establish a republio by force .

      THEIB DOCTBIKES . But to return to toe social doctrines of the Icarian Commnnists . Their " holy book" is the " Voyageen Icatie , " { Travels to IcariaV of Father Cabet , who , bythe-byi was formerly Attorney-General , and Member of the Chamber of Deputies . The general arrangements for their Commnnitieslfcre very little different to those of Mr . Owen . They have embodied in their plans every thing rational they found in Saint-Simon and Fourier ; and , therefore , are very much superior to -the old French Communists . Ab to marriage , they perfectly agree with the English . Everything possible is dons to secure the liberty of the individnaL ; Ponlshmenta are to be abolished , and to be replaced fey education ot the young , and rational mental treatment of the old .

      THEIR LEADERS . The rise of Communism has been hailed by moat of the eminent minds in France ; Pierre Leroux , the metaphy 8 iciaB ; George Sand , the coorageotw defender of the rights o ? her sex ; Abbe de la Mennais , author of the " Words of a Bsliever , " and a great manj others , ate , more or leas , inclined towards , the CoijunuuisS doctrines . The most important writer , however , ia this line is Proudhon , » young man , who published two or three years ago hia work . What is Property * ( " Qu ' est cc qtie la Propriete ? ' * ¦) white be , gave the answer : " la propriete e ' est le vol / ' Property is robbery . This is the most philosophical work , on the part of the Communists , in the Franch language ; and , if I wish to see any French book : translated into the English language , it is this . The right of private property , the consequences ot this iaabitatdon , conipefcUioa . immorality , misery , are here developed with apower of intellect , and real scientific research , which I never found united in a single volume .

      NUMBER OF THE FRENCH COMMUNISTS , StO . I have now only to add , that the French Icarian Communists are estimated at about half ansilUen in number , women and children not taken into acoannt . A pretty respectable phalanx , isn't it ? They Save a monthly ' paper ; the Populaire , edited by Father Cabet ; j and , besides this , P . Leroux publishes 8 periodical , the Independent Review , In which the tenets of Communism ere philosophically advocated .

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      The Hootslow Powdeb-Mills . — : One of the mixing mills at the gunpowder works on Hounslowheath exploded on Saturday morning , at eight o ' clock , by which the boarding and roof wore ripped off the building , but no further damage done , and we are happy to add no one was injured . A Strakge LoDGiHGi—Oiv Friday morning workmen were engaged to take up the pipes which supply the Temple with water in case of firej as it had been foundthattbe water would not pass in consequence of a stoppage which could not be accounted for . Oa openiag the | rtpe an eel was discovered weighing six or seven poaiidSj and measuring a yari and a half in length . Owing to the peculiar construction of the pipe the eel could not hare been more than an inch in circumference when it obtained

      aumission . Will ov Alderman Wood . —The will and codicil of AWerman Sir Matthew Wood , late M . P . for the city of London , have just been proved in Doctors' Commons , by B . Wood , Esq . ( the brother ) rand W . P . Wood , E-: q . ( the son )* the executors , Tho deceased gives to iiis wife , Dame . Mari * Wood , his furniture , plate , pictures , china , carriages , winea , spirits , and £ 500 per annum for life ; He di--rects £ 20 , 000 to be invested in the Funds ; and the interest to bo paid to the Rev , J . P . Wood . He gives his law books , Statutes at Large / ' and '• ** ¦ Reports

      of both Houses of Parliament , " to Williaitt P . Wood , of Lincoln ' s Inn . To his sister , £ 100 a year for life ; to each of his executors , £ 100 1 to . all his grand-children living with him at the time of his death , £ 500 eaoh ; to his housemaid nmeteen guineas , and all other servants £ 5 each . By the codicil ha revokes the legacies to his grandchildren . The property is sworn .-under £ 70 , 000 / The deceased , by a late decision ofthe Privy Council ; became entitled to a large portion of tha property of the eccentrio "Jemmy Wood , " of Gloucester * bequeathed hj him to Alderman Wood . <

      Herbing TaiDE . —Onr herring market remains in state quo—nothing doing in the way of sales . Last price offered was 16 s ., which would" not be accepted . The quantity to ship is * abou . t 5 ^) 0 O barreljfe' We find , on inquiry , that 5 ?> 919 ^ barrels have this year been sent 10 Ireland ^ and : 58 , 825 id the Baltic ; making the total experts from Wick 85 , 744 barrels , up to thi 3 date . By a letter froitt Londonderry of the 21 st inst ., a correspondent say 8 § " Salea for herrings here continue very dull ; prices iu retail 17 s . to 18 s . per barrel . Dublin market remains at 17 s . fid . to 18 ? . "—John 0 ' Groat Joamal .

      Death by Fire . —On Sunday morning , a fine boy , named William Trupelov / , aged three years , wkose parents reside in Trimty-Bixeet , ttotherhithe , was brought to Guy ' a Hospital , having been burnt in a most frightful manner by his clothes catching fire . As usual in such cases , he had been left in a room by himself during the temporary absence of his mother , and in his endeavpura to light a piece of paper at the fire jie set alight his pinafore . Some neighbours , hearing his screams , ran into the house and found him in a bias : ? . He was cohteyed to the above hospital , where he died in a short time after bis admission . ' '

      Four Men DR < witim . ~ -IsLAT , Ocr . 24 , 1843 .--Ifc is with much regret that I inform yoa that , on Friday night last , four young men . belonging to Bowmorc were drowned ia . Locfaindaul . They were out at the fishing all day , and towards evening the wiud , being south-west * blew very htgh . v and it seems that the boat , when coming home , was upset . Tha unfortunate suffers were ? -John , youngest son to John M'Gilvrsy , Bnn-ia-uisg ; Charles and John , so ; . s-to Hu < rh M'Gilvray , and cousins to the former ; and Duncan , son of Duncan Anderson , boot and Pho ^ mafcer . Ths remains of John M'Gilvray and hi" cousin Charles were found—they wore feo ; & tied t « tho boat , but the other two are not found yet .

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      THE ^ OfiTHERN gTAR . 3

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct827/page/3/