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THE KOKTHERff STAB, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1843. ============ THE NORTHERN STAR? f
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Koktherff Stab, Saturday, December 2, 1843. ============ The Northern Star? F
THE KOKTHERff STAB , SATURDAY , DECEMBER 2 , 1843 . ============ THE NORTHERN STAR ? f
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PRIESTCRAFT . CHRISTIAN AND INFIDEL BLASPHEMERSPATERSON AND KALLEY . Bi -nye closed onr last -week ' s article on the subject of the l&te trials at Edinburgh , with an Intimation that we would " pause for a reply" to certain qaerie 3 addressed by us to John Hope , alias ike Lobd Justice CtBBX j and hiring up to tins iime paused in vain ; we now resume our reflections upon the proceedings of the -worthies who Bat "to administer the law , " -and of the conduct of those who , behind th « scenes , pulled the strings of the puppet called "Justice , " to gratify their malignant and disgusting bigotry .
Again we ask , -where is the consistency of Protestaat divines and Prolestant laymen , who , with all iheir pretended lore for religious liberty , stand quietly by and permit the authorities of Edinburgh to incarcerate honest men in a dungeon without one word of remonstrance , simply for exercising the * right of private judgment ? which right these Prote = tant 3 pretend to advocate 1 "We hear abont lie intolerance of ibe Catholics in the palmy days of their power , when Priestcraft hung like a mighty incubus on the mental energies of man ; and often have our feelings been lacerated by the recital of
ihe dreadfnl deedB of the" holt rsquisinoN , " and the horrid butcheries of the auto-de-faes : —bat the ee& 3 of modern Proliant religionists show that Ihe same spirit still lurks in their narrow hearts , and is only ' prevented re-enacting the horrors of ihe past fcy that curb to superstition and fanaticism , — i ^ orriKDGE . How in consistent is man ! Only a few weeks ago the Tery persecutors of Patersos were denouncing in the fiercest language the " per-Becntion" of one of their own stamp , Dr . Ejuxet , and invoking the aid of the Government to rescue the Doctorsnd demand satisfaction of the PoTtUEUeSB
Government for his arrest and detention in . confinement . Pateesok and Robinsos are punished for B Bla ? phemy , w ix . for opposing the religion of the State ; but this is just what Dr . Kaxi ^ t had done . If it be just to punish ihe former , it must be equally 5 u 5 t to punish the latter . Be it remembered that an ** infidel" is a man , and has the same right to express ( ihe convictions of his mind as Dr . Kjo-uet * or any other member of society . M If I believeth not as Ihou believeth , it i 3 a proof that thou believeth not as I believeth : and where is the earthly power that can decide between us V
Bnt -what has heen ike treatment of Dr . Kaiabt , about whom sueh &n out-cry has been made ! and what is likely to be the treatment flf the Edinburgh "Infidels" ? In reply to the former we give the following extract from a latter dated Madeira , October 2 nd , 1843 . — " Dr . K&Iley remains in prison ; but it is understood that the British government have interfered , and that t ~ -will soon be liberated on ball . There u no doubt that the proceedings against ii '" i are both technically and cpastitntionaUy illegal , and evidence is -wholly mating to substantiate the charges of blasphemy ; are .,
vilch . lhfiy have brotLgi . t against trim . His imprisonment toot place during the absence of the superior judge at Xisbon , whose former deciriona were reversad tj his locum linens , an inferior officer ! The proceedings against Ms converts are founded on a certain ' Bulls do Cea / fulminated by Clement toe Pirst il think ) , but Which -was nnBifled is the Portuguese dominions in tie last century ; and it was enacted afthe time , that any ene persecuting another under this Bull should be visited Tritb the royal displeasure , endure confiscation Ol &H lira property , loss of naturalisation , &C . 50 hswiily tired are they of the false position in-which they h&Te placed themselves , that it has been Intimated
to Dr-KaHej that ie mayleaoetheprison when Tiep'eases : ivt like the apostle , he declines io do thisexceptinarpub / ie form . In the mean time , ihe cause is much advanced People are convinced that that ttntst be good for vrhidi lie is context io suffer . Curiosity it excited . 16 , 000 tracts have been distributed . There is not a Testament to be had for love or money ; and ihe people flock Io ihe gaol from tifbi in ihe morning tUl nine at night , and are admilled by threes to see him . He reads , prays , and sings triih all ; so that actually ie is working harder ihan . ever . He has exceixxst B . OOMS , -which the Camsrs , voted llixn ; MBS . TTm .-c-r ims -STIIH HIM . SIS MOTHER A > "D SISTEB XK £ THESE ± 11 . Dil . He has bis Botiea ( Btoct Of medicines ) , and sees iis patients , &c &c "
Ii tt&s stated in the Edinburgh Courant that Patzbsox and Eobissos had had their heads shaved , and been set to stone'bredking . This has been denied by the Caledonian Mercury ; and we have since seen a statement that they have been xemoTdd to the Penitentiary at Perth . One thing is certain , iHat the degradation of the prison dress , and all the barbarities of " prison discipline " , has been , and will be inflicted upon them .
Compare ihis with the treatment of Dr . Ksxlet , to whom it ha 3 l > een intimated " that he may leave ihe prison when he pleases P Think of " the people ieing admitted to the gaol to him" with whom ie is allowed to " read , pray , and sing , * so that he is VwrMng harder than ever "—at hi 3 Blasphexy Think of Paikhso : * applying to be allowed to have Ihe people of Edinburgh or Perth admitted to him , R from eight in the morning till nine at night , " that he might instruct them in his views 2 And think what long faces all the " saints" would pull , at such an u impndent" and *» diabolical" application ! I Dr . Ejlllet is by trade a doctor of physic , and
is allowed by his " persecutors" to have Ms stock of medicines -with him , and see his patients : in short , is allowed to turn the gaol into a doctor's shop ! Think of Patebsos and BoBnsos applying to be allowed to have their stock of mental medicines in the gaol I be allowed to see their "patients , " and tnrn an honest penny by ihe sale of their wares !! I Ah . ' they may apply } but they already know the answer . "lean tell you " ESJ 3 Johs flo ? £ , " that you have not the least chance forgetting any relief . " ! Think of Dr . Kaiaey being allowed " excellent noons ? thai " Mrs . Eauet lavEs -with msi "—and that " bis mother
A > T ) SISTKB AXE TTTTH HIM ATX DAT ; " and think upon the compassionate , mebcifux , PRAYING Judge ' s sentence upon Patkssos , -which forcibly reminds ns of that of Tbeshjas npon Johs Ball : — " Whereas yeu are accused before ub , Of stirring np the people to rebellion , And preaching to themsirange and dangerous doctrines ; And irhereasyoicr hehacioarioihe Court Mas teen most insolent and { xmlnmacums ,
* * I condemn you Io death : you « h * n be hanged by the neck , But not till you are dead—your bowels opened—Xoni heart torn out , and burnt before your lace—Tonr traitorous head be severed itom yoor body— : Yonr body qnartered , and exposed npon ITbe dry gates—a terrible example J And theZord God have mercy on your soul" !!! SOTTTHET
"We notice a paragraph in the colnmns of a local contemporary in which the writer complains most bitterly that the authorities of Madeira are seizing Protestant versiens of the Old and New Testament , with a view to " extirpate" thfi heresies and blaspheimra" pTopag&ted hj Dr . Kaixet with ihe help of these works ! Bnt where wa 3 our contemporary ' s holy indignation when like seizures were made , not some thousands of mile 3 away in Madeira , bnt only some two or three hundred from Leeds—in the City
of Edinburgh ? Our contemporary will perhaps say that the books seised in Edinburgh were " blasphemous , " that ' s matter of opinion . The Priests of Madeira hold that the Prolettani version of the Bible is " blasphemous , " and that they were " doing God serrice" in Beizingand destroying Euch " dangerons aid pernlciouB books . " Ah , but that ' s priestcraft . " Judge of men by their deeds ; and we shall find that ? ti 3 the self-same ** craft" and spirit manifested in ihis country , as in Madeira , when books are seized and men cast into prison .
Forget Jioi , too » * hat Paikbsos is el * d in a felon ' s dress ; condemned to live npon the coarsest of food ; exposed io « old ; a miserable cell , and bed of straw , by way -of bringing Mm io a " penitential" Btate ! That he is compelled to * herd with the refuse of society , and exposed to the inEults and brutalities of ** filthy dungeon Tfllainsf and then blnsh if ye can , ye priesfly oppressors , andPBOiE 5 iAffTbetrayer 3 of ihe principles of " Cnil and Religious liberty ? ' !
"We direct the attention ef oar readers to the TeSolniiona and peiition adopted at & Public Meeting at Edinburgh , is connection with Bobksox and
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Patbrsos * b cases . We would recommend that similar meetings be holden throughout the country There is a pressing necessity that this should be done . "We hear of a new-hatched combination just cracking its shell , got ap for the purpose of " preventing the circulation of blasphemous publications by public legal prosecutions . " The parties getting up this new move , " style themselves" The friends of ihe Church and of social order . " We hear , too
that included in this list of friends " of social order " are a number of " Dissenters , " Civil and Religious Liberty" men J and that certain weighty individuals" in the ^ West-Riding of Yorkshire are amongst this band of ( would-be ) " Holy Inquisitors . " At such a time then it behoves the friends of " free thought" to be up aad stirring , and everywhere oppose , by all moral means at their disposal , any increase of priestly power , or ramal of priestly persecution .
Blind and bigotted must these men be , or they would see , that , as in the case of Dr . Rally , their efforts to " pnt down" must greatly accelerate the progress of the opinions against which they have drawn the sword of the law . The persecution of Dr . Kaiaby has , we are told greatly increased the number of Iub converts and rendered him a formidable opponent to the Popish Priest 3 of Madiera .
Well , what guarantee have the persecutors of Patebson that like causes will not produce like effects ! What surety have they that people will not be convinced " that that must be good for which men are content to suffer" ! Let them dungeon They might as well try , like Dame Pabtington , to mop up the Atlantic , as hope by such means to stop the progress of free inquiry !
" How slowly has reason extended her empire in Europe I And why ? Because she has been persecuted in every step of her progress . The priesthood of every denomination have , from the first , leagued with Kings and Noble 3 to prevent her triumph . Every means has been resorted to , to fceep the people in darkness : mystery in politics ; mystery in religion , and common sense kept at a distance * Reason has been given to man to enable him to distinguish truth from ^ rror ; but the spread of truth is never permitted , bo long as it is in the power of the clergy to prevent it . " Words most true ! the
proofs , alas J absnnd on every side . See in Fajjfcs , while Kisgcbaft re-erects , not one , but a multitude of Bastiles , to preserve itself from the assaults of democracy , PBiESTCBAFTis at the same time employing all its energies to recover its ancient power , and again trample on the minds of mankind . Behold the -wretched state of Spain , where the priests ar-a © nee more in the ascendant , and liberty has again succumbed with the down / all of Barcelona . And then ( aot to pursue the subject further at present ) turn to Italy again lost and won . " writhing in blood and chains
at the feet of a " CowPd and bypocrital monk , Who prays , curses , and deceives . " We had thought thai Napoleok had trampled for ever out of existence thai hellish monster " the Iniqnisilion "; but it would appear from an article which will be found in another column , headed , u Catholic Persecution of the Jews , " that we have been mistaken in that supposition . The appearance of such a document as the " Edict" of the " Inquisitor-General" of Ancona , tells badly at the present
moment , when Mr . O'Coxsexx is daily vaunting of the tolerance and liberality of the Catholic Church J At a late meeting of the Repeal Association , Mr . O'Coskell suggested " that the words of Edmund Burke , which ihe Banner of Ulster had selected for its motto , should be adopted by the Association : " 77 > ai feligien is the basis of civil society and the source of all good and comfort . " This proposition , like everything ebe proposed by the " Liberator" (?) , was , of cour 3 e , received withont objection , and adopted as " the motto of the Association . " The words , as
stated above , are those of Edmtod Bubkb , the pentioned tool of the Aristocracy , wno showed his ideas of " religion" by his political apostacj to maintain and preserve the Throne and the Altar . The Banner of Ulster is ( we believe ) a red-hot Covenanting , Cromwellian , Presbyterian paper ; hence its ideas of " religion" are not very likely to be in accordance with those of Damel O'Conhell , the favourhe son and hope of the Romi 3 h faith , for whose safety we are told mobs is performed , and prayerB offered ap , every day in the Vatican , by
express orders of the Pope . " Religion may be *' the sonrce of all good and comfort ; " but where , in this " wicked" world are we to find it ! We shall not have far to go to find cant ; but where shall we seek for " Religion" ! Shall we go to Edinbnrgh , among Johh Hope and his eiew ? Or shall rre go to Dublin , where the motto is adopted ? If so , we shall find that Trash Gblgg and his associates say that the Dublin Rotunda religion is the only correct one ; "the only source of all good and comfort ; " and the only one fit to be" the basis of civil society" ! The Dublin Protestants denounce the religion of Daniel
O'Cossell as being "idolatrous" and "damnable ;' while he considers that religion to be the only true one , and Gregg ' s and Co . to be the very opposite . " Who ' s to decide , when doctors disagree ! " We don ' t know that any of oar friends are in want of mottoes with which to decorate their Halls : bat if they Ehonld , and wonld like anything on this question ; then , instead of the one above , we would ie . spectfoHy suggest the following : taken , not from one of Paterson's " blasphemous "'' publications ; not from any " infidel" book ; but from a very " respectable" work , reviewed in our last— " Howitt ' s History of Priestcraft . "
" We have seen nations sitting in ihe region of darkness , because their PRIESTS shut up knowledge , in their selfishness ! " We have seen slavery and ignorance blasting , DSDEB IHB GUIDANCE OF PRIESTLY HANDS , millions -upon millions of our race , and making melancholy ihe fairest portions of the earth ! " We have listened io sighs and ihe dropping of tears ; to the voice of despair and the agonies of torture and death ; tee have entered dungeons , and found captives wasted to skeletons with ihe years of their solitary endurance ; we have listened io their faint whispers , and have found that they uttehed THE CRUELTIES OF PRIESTS 1
" We have stumbled upon midnight tribunals , and seen men stretched upon racks ; torn piecemeal with fiery pincers ; or plunged into endless darkness by the lancing of their eyes . And upon asking whose ACriONS THESE WERE— WE WERE A > 'S WERED— * THE PRIESTS' !! " We have visited philosophers , and found them carefully concealing their discoveries , which would suddenl y have filled the earth with light s and power , and love ^ BECAUSE THET KSEW THK PRIESTS WOULD TURN ON THEM Ef THEIB GBEEDY MALICE , AND DOOM THEM TO THE FIRE OR THE GIBBET !
" We have walked among tcomen of many countries , and have found thousands lost to shame , rolling wanton eyes , and uttering hideous words . We have turned from them with loathing , but have heard them cry after us , as we went— Ous . bopb is in the PRIESTS—THKY ARE OUR LOVESSj AJiD DEFENDERS rBOM ETERNAL FIRE ! 11 We have entered the abodes of domestic love , and have stood petrified to find even there all desecratedpurity destroyed—faith overthrown—happiness annihilated : AND IT WAS THE WOBK OF PRIESTS 1
" . Finally , we have seen kings otherwise merciful , IKSHGATED BY IKE DEVILISH 1 OGIC O 3 > yBIBSTCBAIT , BECOME TTTtt BUTCHEBS OP THEIB PEOPLE J QueeUS ^ otherwise glorious , BECOME TYBants AND EXECU * iioners j and people , who would otherwise have lived in blessed harmony , warring on bach other WITH IXEXTIBGUJSHABLE MALICE AND BOUNDLESS BLOODTHIRSTEJESS ; AM ) BEHOLD I IT WAS
PRIESTCRAFT , THAT , WINDING AMONGST THEM LIKE A POISONOUS sebp £ ST , MADDK >* ED THEM WITH ITS BHEATH 1 SI ZXrLTXD WITH PIEND 1 SB BTES , OTBB THKIB . BOB . ' BlBLS CARNAGE 1 "
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Our * motto" is somewhat lengthy ; but it is the " World" of Priestoraft " at one view , " proclaiming in the imperishable words of truth and eloquence , the sert of " good" and ** comfort , " the frauds uoder the name of" religion" have inflicted on " civil society . " But , " A brighter morn awaits the human day . ' " The time is coming when the human race will look back with liorror npon the madness , delusion , and slavery ; of past and present times ? when tyrants and priests will be known no more , —forgotten in oblivion , © r remembered only to be execrated ; and— " Falsehood ' s trade , Shall be as hateful and unprofitable , As that of troth Ls now >"
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GALVANIC EXPERIMENTS ON THE HUMAN SUBJECT . We copy the following very interesting particulars from Mr . William Sturgeon ' s " Course of Elementary Lectures on Galvanism , " lately published : — The first experiments that were made on the human snbjeet were by Creve , who operated upon an amputated leg , which exhibited similar phenomena to those produced in the detached limbB of other animals . At Tarin , many experiments Were made upon the bodies of decapitated criminals , by Vassali , Endi , Giulio , and Rossi . Other similar experiments were subsequently performed by Aldlni , both in Italy , France , aud in London . Those at the latter place were made on the body of a criminal , who was buog at Newgate . The phenomena exhibited by a galvanised dead man , though
not differing in character from those shown by other large animals , are innch more calculated to Exercise an influence over tbe minds of the BpectatorB . And . although the physiologist ' s anxious researches stimulate him to make every effort to realize his hopes of resuscitating the subject of his experiment , and lead hint calmly to a variety of modes of operating on the body , it is by no means surprising that the most horrid ideas should be awakened in the imaginations , and impressions of fear be produced in the minds , of those who , for the nrsttime , witness the extraordinary phenomena ; amongst which we behold forcible and unnatural actions of the limbs , powerful and convulsive movements amongst tbe muscles of the face , with distended wildly rolling eyes ; which , combined with the most ghastly grins and
distortions of the mouth , present a spectacle of the most frightful description . The resultB of a series of galvanic experiments , performed ou the body of Clydesdale , who was executed at Glasgow for murder , led the medical gentlemen present to infer , that , if certain precautions bad been taken , resuscitation would have been accomplished , although the body had been suspended the usual period at the gallows , and much time afterwards occupied in preparatory arrangements for the galvanic process . "An incision was made into tbe nape of the neck , close below the occiput . The posterior half of the atlas vertebra was then removed by bone forceps , when the spinal marrow waa brought into view . A profuse flow of liquid blood gushed from the wound , inundating the floor . " These and several other unnecessary wounds were made in various parts of the subject ,
which rendered resuscitation impossible , with whatever judgment the galvanic stimulus had been subsequently applied . But , notwithstanding tno severe laceration of the spinal marrow , and almost total evacuation of blood from the body , even half an hour subsequently , a most interesting effect was prodnced . When one of the conducting wires was placed in an iuciBlon under the cartilage of tbe seventh rib , and tbe other applied to the phrenic nerve laid bare in the neck , having one of the conductors In permanent connection with the battery , and the other run over the tops of the plates , in the manner already explained , " fail , nay , laborious breathing instantly commenced . The chest heaved and fell ; tbe belly was protruded , and again collapsed , with tbe relaxing and retiring diaphragm ; " * which was continued , uninterruptedly , during tbe whole time this galvanic process was carried on .
The moat successful galvanic experiments on the human subject were made on the body of John White , who w&s -executed for murder , at Louisville , United States . The neck w&s not broken , and tbe body warm , aud even trembling , having hang only abenc twentyfive minutes . "The poles of a powerful galvanic pile , prepared for tbe occasion , were immediately applied to him . He suddenly arose from his bench to a sitting posture . He soon afterwards rose upon his feet , opened bis eyes , and gave a terrific screech . His chest worked ai if in respiration . One of tbe surgeons exclaimed , to tbe mute spectators , that be waa alive . Whilst thus standing , another galvanic discharge was administered , when White , with a sadden bound , disengaged himself horn the wires , and jumped to a corner of the room .
Some short time afterwards , be frequently opened his eyes , and his breathing became so regulM , that tbe doctors began to Bpeak to him , but he heard not a word ; nevertheless , by thB assistance of a young medical student , who took hold of Mb arm , he arose , took a few steps on the fl&or , and seated himself in an armchair . He appeared overcome with tbe exertion thus made , bat was revived by hartshorn applied to the nose . He looked like a man much intoxicated . He seemed to try to give utterance to some feelings , bat he could not apeak a word . Though now perfectly resuscitated , and every method resorted to for the purpose of equalising the circulation , and save the patient , congestion on the brain , which increased with rapidity , shortly afterwards terminated his existence . " - } -
The phenomena developed in these two cases are of tbe highest importance in medical science ; for , notwithstanding the want of success in resuscitating Clydesdale , and tbe eventual loss of White , there appear sufficient reasons for supposing , that both events were the natural consequences of tbe circumstances connected with the cases . In tbe former case , resuscitation was Impostible , for reasons already alluded to : and tbe fatal congestion which terminated tbe existence of White was referable to tbe violence of strangulation , and not easily traced to any other cause , excepting , however , tbe possibility of tbe galvanic discharges being too powerful , and injudiciously directed . A powerful battery is sever required for any medical purpose whatever , and may , by an injudicious application of its force , bethejueans of very Berious consequences ; whilst a battery of moderate power and properly employed , in
similar cases , would be productive of tbe happiest effects . The battery employed on the body of Clydesdale , which consisted of 270 pairs of four-inch plateB , brought into intense action by a solntion of nitro-sulpharic acid , was far too powerful for the purposes of this kind . I have already shown , that a few powerful discharges , or a continuous current of a tew seconds ' duration , hasten tbe extinction of vitality in those animals whose natural functions have been intentionally prostrated and laid dormant , for tbe purpose of experiment ; and although a battery of fifty pairs , which would produce this effect on a rabbit , bnt not on a muscular man , that which was employed in tbe experiments on Clydesdale would be capable of subduing tbe vital energies , which remain after strangulation , even of an individual whose physical developments of organism were of the highest order in nature .
Tbe tumefaction and Iividity of tbe face , produced by the strangulation at tbe gallows , enforce a strong probability that in no case of that kind would the functions of life be recalled into a natural state of activity , by the galvanic influence . ReBusicitation might be accomplished , as in the case of White , but for want of a natural distribution of tbe blood , and tbe injuries inflicted on its vessels , directly and indirectly by tbe rope , might prevent that promptitude and balanee of circulation essential to the propagation of life , and all the evils consequent thereon would have Io be apprehended .
The chances of success would be very different in those cases of asphyxia , occasioned by the inhaling of noxious gases , drowning , syncope , Ac , in which no part of tbe system Is deranged nor injured by violence ; and the phenomena developed daring the operations on Clydesdale and White are promising indications of the most happy results being obtainable where tbe circumstances are of a more favourable description . A few moderate galvanic discharges , well directed , obliquely through tbe chest , from the neck on one side , to below tbe ribs on the other , would diffuse their influence through tbe principal organs of life . By these means tbe respiratory organs might be expected to resume their natural functions , and the movements of the heart renew their natural impulses to the blood ,
which , in these cases , would not nave to encounter those difficulties of circulation arising from congestion and injuries in the sanguiferous channels—tbe probable consequences of the rope . Running one of tbe connecting wires over tbe tops of the galvanic plates would be the best mode of operating for bringing tbe lungs into play , and a battery of ono hundred three-inch plates wonld be sufficiently powerful to prod ace the neeessary motions of tbe chest ; and even that extent of galvanic power should not be continued if it was lonnd that by a less power these motions could be maintained . Ab soon as tbe lnngs would play independently of the galvanic excitation , the battery action ought to be discontinued , and the usual restoratives gradually and cautiously administered . —Manchester Goartftas .
AN English Akt Acadbity at Home , —A letter from Home , in the Morning ' Post , mentions , that" an event is on tbe tapis whieb . causes much satisfaction amongst tbe English artists ' aere . The English stndente have bitherto been unaWe to follow their professional avoeattons without mairy disadvantages , bb the institutes here have not Afforded them facilities to carry out their artistic purr uita , not from any want of courtesy , but from actual want of space and accommodation . The British Ministe r resident at Naples , Sir Geoige Hamilton , has op / ned a subscription among the Eng . liBh nobility and ' jtbew re « orting to the Italian States ; and the fund sir ea < jy amounts to near three thonsand pounds with -w ' flich it is intended to erect an academy , in which all English Btuaents will be enabled to progrew with 0- J 6 ir 8 tndies throughout the year , and not to be comp- jii ^ i to remain inactive fo * months , -without access to » jj e public collestions . Tbe establishment is to cents' jj aii that « necessary for their use , also a large
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* Ure ' s Chemical Dictionary . Annals of Electricity , vol . vii
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and magnificent coltecMon of casts from the sntiqae and the chief works of the most celebrated modern sculptors , * c ; likewise an extensive library . " Ci ^ ssiCAi Researches . —Tbe National annonnces the return of M . Minoi de Minais from a scientific mission fn Greece , Tbessal , and Constantinople , which ° f ^ u ^ U ? 1 year 8 ' was undertaken at the desire of the Minister of Public , Instruction . Amongst tbe valuable manuscripts discovered and brought to France by M . Mmas mast be noticed , Fables by Babryas , a fragment of the 20 th book of Polybius , several extracts frem T ^ ppag and J 3 asebfu 8 ) two hil } to , ians but uttle known to us , a fragment of tbe historian Prysean , a treaty of the celebrated Gallien which was deficient in bis collection , a new edition of ^ E « p > Fables , with a life of the fabulist , a Treatise on Greek Syntax by Gregory of Corinth , an unpublished grammar of Theodossins of Alexandria , a history of the Conquest of China by the Tartars , and various other wotka , which have . safely arrived at Paris .
Velocipedes ON RAii / wAYs—An tugenious and very useful invention has just been exhibited , and its powers tried on the Brighton and Croydon Railway It is called a pedoraotive machine , and was conducted by Mr . bngland , the engineer , of Hatcbam Iron-works , Kent-road , for the London and Brighton Railway . It weighs about 2701 bs , and is manufactured almost entirely of wrought iron . It carries four or six persons , two of whom propel it by means of treadles applied on a new and ad vantageous principle . Ita greatest speed for a short distance is at the rate of twenty five miles an hour ; its average rate is fifteen miles an hour , carrying in both cases four passengers . Ita utility on a line or railway requires no comment , as , without the slightest delay , one man can . convey a message from station to station , at a far greater speed than a horse express ; and , should there be any fear of its encountering a train , it can be lifted up from , and replaced on tbe tramway , with as much ease as a sedan chair .
. IMPROVED STEAM GENERATOR . An apparatus for the mote rapid generation of steam for engines than can be effected by any of the variety of boilers hithorto invented , when the fire is merely in contact with the outside of tbe tubes or vessels containing water , was some two years since patented by Mr . Andrew Smith , but the " steam generator" has not been Buflicientiy brought before the public , and we believe is bat little known . Tbe principle iB simple , but highly effective ; instead of the flre acting at once on tbe vessel containing the water , a body of metal
capable of dissolving at once not leas than three hundred deg . Fahrenheit , is employed as a medium between the fire and generating tubes . An iron vessel is set in connection with tbe furnace on tbe same principle as 8 * common boiler ; near tbe bottom a series of iron tubes run the whole length of the vessel , and forming one coutinuous channel , one end is connected to the force-pump attached to the engine , and the other with a series of steam receivers , all connected , and to which the sufe-ty-valve is applied in tbe usual way . ; .
A compound metal in due proportions , consisting of bismuth , lead , and zinc , is placed in the vessel in sufficient quantity to form a complete metallic bath , cavering the generating tubes , but not to reach the receivers ; this molten bath is generally kept up to a heat 6 r about 500 degrees , and the pump is so regulated to the size of the generator and power required , tbat at each stroke of tbe piston of tbe engine only sufficient water iB injected into the tubes to supply steam for one revolution of tbe crank attached . On the injection of tbe water into the heated tubes , it is instantaneously converted into steam , passes into the steam receivers , and from thence to the engine cylinder , when , having performed its duty , the stroke of the piston' injects another sufficient portion of water for the next stroke- —thus keeping tbe receivers
continually supplied , withont an accumulation of more steam than is absolutely necessary for the proper performance of the engine . The great advantages afforded by the generator are—economy of fuel , le « s variation in tbe heat of tbe tubes , and , consequently , greater regularity in working , and tbe absolute safety from bursting , l . OOOfbs ., at least , per square inch , being required to fracture any of the tubes ; and should such circumstances by any chance occur , it would have no effect beyond tbe interior ef the batb , and a new set of tubes could be inserted in a very short space of time . The small space occupied by tbis apparatus , in comparison with any of the old boilers , being about onetwentieth the usual size , is of ranch importance , and we recommend an inspection by all persons employing steam-engines .
Wo cannot help considering this invention as ingeniens and useful . Tbe economy of space ia immense , and the equalisation of temperature much more complete than has hitherto been attained—a point of extreme importance wben tbe cost of fuel is taken into account . —Polytechnic Review .
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THE MINERS OF CUMBERLAND TO THEIR BROTHER MINERS OP GREAT UK . 1 TA 1 N AND IRELAND , Friends and Brethren , —It is now more than three months since John Peile , tbe Earl of Lonsdale's agent , and others entered into a most unnely alliance to prevent us from exercising the rights to which as men we are entitled . You are a ware that we are not seeking any advance of wages : we merely sought to unite to reduce tbe hours of labour as a means of elevating our moral and physical energies . Such was our object . We are told by those opposed to us that by joining tbe TJnion we win entirely destroy tbe peace and comfort of our families ; but they never tell us of bow much peace and comfort they have deprived us of . Can it be said tbat robbing tbe miner of bis time , and . thereby
subjecting bitn to greater labour for less remuneration is doing him or bis family good ? Nevertheless , we are and have been daily subject to such crnelty . And what has this treatment prodnced ? Resistance on tbe part of the men , and a Bpirlt of union that never can be destroyed . We say never : for since ihe return from Ireland ef our e ^ alous , talented , uncompromising lecturer , Mr . P . M . Bropby , many of those who had returned te their work through the necessity brought about by the tyranny of John Peile , bave voluntarily come forward , regardless of the threats or tbe test , to unite themselves man to man and heart to heart to support ; and protect their rights and interests . We are proud to aay that the spirit ia still alive here ; that the oppressed are ( notwithstanding spies are to be found at every meeting ) rallying to further the cause of Union . But we must say that the means of support we have received has been meagre indeed .
Miners , wherever you gather together , make some little sacrifice to aid us , and show to tbe British Empire that Cumberland , which is a part , shall not be trampled on by the oppressor . The cause is yours as much as ours , and if lost in Cumberland , will eventually be lost everywhere else . We call upon the lecturers of our association to bring our cause before their audiences , and to tell them that unless something decisive be done the cause for the present must be abandoned .
WHiTfiHAVBN . —The following sums has been received from Newcastle-on-Tyne , on tbe 22 nd instant , for the Cumberland colliers , to the amount of £ 25 , as follows : —Black Boy £ 2 10 ; Netherton £ 1 10 ; Garsfield 9 s ; Oakwellgate 8 s 6 d ; South Pelew 8 s ; Heworth 14 a 9 d ; Urpetb 10 a 6 d ; Hebburn , £ ls 12 s lid ; Ouston £ l 12 s 6 d ; Heaton £ 2 7 s 9 d ; North Hetton £ 1 Us 3 d ; Exclose 7 s lOd ; Wylam £ 1 4 s 3 d ; Walker £ 1 14 a ; Wbltley £ 2 4 s ; Nova Scotia 88 4 d ; Ravensworth £ 1 ; Sberriff Hill £ 1 Is 3 d j Goaforth £ 1 10 s ; Edmondsby £ 2 2 s .
A meeting of the Miners of this district took place on Saturday in Mossop ' a Long Room , Newstreet , Mr . John Harriaon in the chair . Mr . Matthew Haliiday gave a powerful address on the restriction question , and was repeatedly cheered . VIaryport , Nov . 28 . —Mr . Hunter attended a , meettng of tbe Miners of this . place . After the address of Mr . Hunter , several came forward and paid in their contributions , and took out the first and second number of the Miners' Journal . They are a most miserable
oppressed set of men , being from fourteen to sixteen hours in the bowels of the earth every day ; and , after they have done their hard day's work , they bave to travel three and four miles to their miserable homes ; and in this neighbourhood tbe truck By stem is carried on , both In tbe collieries and upon the Maryport railway going through to Carlisle . Several of our men having been employed upon the railway in the time of tbe strike in that part ; and you may believe me , that it is nothing short of the same system carried on in other parts of the country .
Dearham , Nov . 24 . —Mr . Hunter , agent of the Miners' Association , addressed tbe miners of this place . At the conclusion , twenty nave in their names to become subssribers to the Miners' Journal— also a list of names were taken down to subscribe to the Northern Star . One man paid down one shilling ; and said , if it were not possible to raise as much as would purchase one , be would make up tbe deficiency ; they having had tbe pleasure of seeing one copy of that valuable paper , approve of the principles i ; advocates . The same steps are being taken at Flimby , Maryport , &c -which i hope will meet with success .
Wohrikoton , Nov . 23 . —A delogate meeting of the Miners of Cumberland was held in the New Lodge Room , Washington-street . Delegates were present from Cleator Moor , Whitehaven , Parten , Harrington , Wot king ton , Seaton , Dearham , Oughterside , and Maryport . Mr . Holliday was moved to tbe chair . Minutes of the last meeting being read , the Secretary proceeded to call over the names of the collieries . Tbe Dumber Of unemployed were ascertained to be reduced to 109 , being twenty-eight less than last week . It was then resolved that £ l should be sent to Newcastle , towards defraying the expences of the counsel employed on tbe trials of Doran and Garraty . It was aV agreed that one half of tbe contributions be collect' j and sent off to the General Board . Hariuhgton , Noi ? . 25 . —A meeting of the T winer of this place was held in Mr . Musgrove ' B Lonp r 00 Iu it being the first meeting of tbe second quar * ^ . m , Banter attended , and addressed the audience .
Mb . Hoilidat attended the followir , piace 8 : — Ougbteraide , Monday , Nov . 20 ; Glllcr > Tuesday , Nov . 91 Dearham , Nov 22 j delegate meeting , Workington , Nov . 23 ; Whitehaven , Nov . 25 . At all ol wblcb places be met wiih good succ ? 8 p .
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Mr William JHoldcite lectured last wbpl : st the following place ? : —Nov . 20 , Bradford Moor ; Nov . 21 , Four Lane Kads ; Nov . 22 , Bowling ; Nov . 23 , Thornton ; and has ] opened a new society . Mb . Holdoate will visit the following places next week :. —December 4 th , Beeston ; December 6 th , Hunslet ; December 6 th . O ^ ett Common ; December 7 tb , OsBett Street Side ; ( December 8 th , Daw Green . The Delegate Meetikg for Yorkshire District will be ) holden on Saturday , the 9 th of December , at ten o'clock In the forenoon precisely , at the house of Samuel Rombottoni , Unicorn Inn , Adwalton .
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EDINBURGH . THE PROSECUTIONS FOR BLASPHEMY . A public meeting was held in the large Waterloo Rooms , Edinburgh . jon Tuesday evenina . the 2 lst inst ., in consequence of the imprisonment of Thotuaa Paterson and Henry Robinsoii , booksellers , of this city , for t ; he alleged crime of blasphemy , to petition Parliament for the abrogation of tbe laws under which they were convicted , and to memorialize her Majesty for theirrelease . ! About an hour before the time of meeting , the rain began to pour in torrents , and continued so to do all the evening , which it was thought would have the effect of greatly thinning the attendance . But
notwithstanding tbe extreme inclemency of tbe Watber , When the hoar for taking the chair arrived , tbe room was well filled with a very respectable ou'Hence of about 1100 persons , amongst whom were severalladies . -At the commencement bf the proceedings , a few individuals attempted to breed confusion by noisy clamour . The noise was soon suppressed , and the proceedings went on in a mosS ' j orderly way . This being a public meeting , all parties were allowed a fair bearing ; the Chairman did not send persons to prison for atte apting to speak in order , aa was done by the late Lord Provost , at a recent jmeeting in the same rooms , called to sympathise with Dr . K . iliey .
To tbe &rat resolution an amendment was proposed * , ' * That this meeting ! approves of the sentences passed by the High Court of Justiciary upon Messrs . Paterson and RobinBon . " \ This amendment jwas spoken to and supported , by Beverat persona frojoi tbe bo < Vy of the meeting ; but when the question was put from the chair , the original resolution was carried unanimously , with the exception of nine dissentients , After so signal a triampb , tbe friends of liberty of conscience bad everything their own way , and the resolutions , petition , and memorial were carried unanimously . The meeting did ! not disperse till nearly twelve o ' clock , the proceedings throughout were enthusiastic , and will doubtless ! teach an important lesson to the authorities . i After an address from Mr . Peddie , who was unanimously called to the chair , the resolutions were proposed in the following order : —
1—Moved by Mr . | Southwell , seconded by Mr . Cummings , " Tbat all penal restrictions upon the tongue or the press , to prevent the utterance or publication of opinion , ate detrimental to tiuth and morality , and to the welfare of society , and that all laws fettering freedom of expression should be immediately abrogated . " 2—Moved by Mr . H . Jeffery , seconded by Mr . J . Grant , " That the iin prison meat of Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , booksellers , of this city , tor vending works containing denials of the truth of tbe prevalent religious doctrines , ia impolitic , unjust , and intolerant . '' I 3—Moved by Mr ^ Tankard , seconded by Mr . Sergeant , " That the following petition to the House of Commons , and memorial to her Majesty be adopted by this meeting . ( These ate subjoined ) . 4—Moved by Mr . Jeffwry , seconded by Mr . Sutherland , — " That the petition to the House of Commons be presented by T . S : Dancombe , Esq . "
( COPY OP PETITION . ) To the Honourablei the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled . The Petition of the undersigned Inhabitants of Edinburgh , in public meeting assembled . Humbly Sheweth—That your petitioners view with much regret and indignation , the proceedings lately taken by her ; Majesty's Advocate in Scotland , against Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson , bovtf sellers of this city , who have been prosecuted for the sale of works containing denials of the truth of the established creeds , apd who on that account , have been sentenced to the terms of fifteen month ' s and twelve month's imprisonment respectively , to be treated aa common felons . ' That such persecutions are totally at variance with the great principle of Protestantism , which gives to all the right of individual judgment , and professes therefore to interfere with ' the conscience of no man .
Tbat tbe crime of blasphemy , so called , has no fixed or settled definition , but varies with time and place , as is instanced in the present day , in the lamented prosecution of Dr . Kalley of Madeira , for preaching the Protestant religion , { which is thete accounted blasphemous . The rounders of Chiistianity , the Protestant reformers , and all the opponents of superstitious error have been charged with the same crime . Indeed , every man who denies all religions bnt bis own , is an infidel and blasphemer to eyery religion except tbe one which be professes . That fallacious arguments againBt , and unjust vituperations of religion , may be answered by refutations' and expoBUte , the people of Great Britain and Ireland guppart , at an enormous expense , priests and clergymen who are " set in defence of the gospel , " whose office if is te repel the attacks of infidelity , and who , if they did their duty , would render unnessary the interference ol courts of law with matters of opinion .
Tbat persecution cannot in this country in the present age , repress any system of doctrine ; and tbat prosecutions such as those of which your petitioners complain , are found from experience to increase the sale of the works prosecuted . That the generally recognised rule of morality , " To do unto others as we ) would that others shaald do unto us , " would lead the British Legislature to concede to all classes of Her Majesty ' s subjects , the right of fully and freely expressing their opinions . Your Petitioners therefore pray tbat your Honourable House will take immediate steps to abrogate the statutes under which Thomas Paterson and Henry Robinson have been convicted . ¦ And your petitioners , &o ., « &c . The memorial to the Queen , a copy of which has been sent us , bat for which we have not room , was similar in spirit to the petition : the " prayer" being varied as follows : — i
' ' We therefore pray Your Majesty to be graciously pleased to exercise the Royal Prerogative of mercy , for the release of Thomas Paterson an-1 Henry Robinson , that they may be restored to their afflicted families , and that Your Majesty ' s subjects may enjoy the blessinga of liberty of conscience .
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Carlisle . —meeting of the council of the Carlisle Chartist Association . —A meeting of the above body took ] place on Sunday last , at their room . Ne . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate ; Mr . Robert Graham in the chair . The Secretaay read , over the minutes of last meeting , which were confirmed ; after which , vaiious sums of money were paid in to tbe Treasurer for cards and regular subscriptions ; and we are happy in being able to state , that the number of members is increasing weekly since Mr . O'Connor ' s visit to Carlisle . A letter was read from Mr . Baxter , the celebrated author ; of the "Book of the BasUles , " kindly offering a copy for the use of the Association . The offer was very gratefully accepted .
the Working men ' s Mental Improvement Society . '—The members and ethers taking an interest in this society , met on on Sunday evening last , at No . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate ; when the following question was brought forward by Mr . Bowman : " Have the Cumberland ballads of tbe late Robert Anderson , bad a ualutary or evil effect on society ? " Mr . Bowman went into the question at considerable length , and contended that they bad bad a salutary effect on society , inasmuch as they had added to the enjoyment and instruction of the bumble classes of the inhabitants of CambaWand ; and were accurate and graphic delineations of toe mannsrs and customs of the peasantry of tbat cocoty . He also shewed their moral tendency by leading a variety of illustrations [ from some of tbe most popular ballads ; wherein the ruinous effects of a U& of folly
and dissipation were ! clearly poAnted out ; the repose and ImppineBB attendant on a life of tesaperance and integrity most lively pourtraye / j ; where vice was beicl up to public destitution in all its hitieousness , aad virtue and benevolence applauded and recommended . Tbe illustrations were numerous and ssemed to produce a convincing effect on Uxq minds of the audience . There being no opposition , a vote of thanks was carried to Mr . Bowman audit ' ae Chairman . The following question will be brought forward and discussed on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock . Admittance gratis . " WHi the prosecu'aons now going on against Mr . Daniel OConnell a ' jdjother leading Repealers , forward or retard the RepfjU of the TJnion ? — £ C 3 n our Carlisle correspondent favour us with any of Anderson ' s ballads ?] i ,
SAXFORT j . _ The ChartiBtB of Salford met in their rooms , Grer ^ t George-street , on Sunday evening last , to hear a leo' ^ ire from Mr . Bropby . Mr . M'Farlane was called to , the chair , who opened the proceedings with giving an interesting account of a tour which he had lately made through a part of Scotland . Mi . UtUex theo ga y a short address , Bhewing the necessity dl lo < r al reform . The Chairman then introduced Mr F , ropby to the meeting , who gave a very energetic and interesting address , which was listened to with mud satisfaction . i
BIL 8 TON . —The Chartists of tbis locality hav < organised themselves under the Now Plan , through th < assistance of Mr . M'Gratb , who delivered an excellent addresa in the Social : Institution , in Wood-atreet , 01 Wednesday last , to an attentive audience ; Mr . Johi Cadley , an Irish Repealer , in the chair . A resolutioi was proposed , secondekl , and carried unanimously , ap proving of the conduct of Mr . M'Grath , believing him to be a fit and proper ] person to hold the high office 0 President of the Executive , The Star will be reat every Sunday and ThuradayJ evenings , at Mr . Johi White ' s . J
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REDDITCH . —On Saturday evening , tho Chartist * of this place met at the O Connor Arms , when the following suma were voted—namnly , 5 s . for Mr . George White , 5 s . for the Victim Fund , and 5 b . for cards . LONDON . —Golden Lion , Dean-street , Soho . On Sunday last , a public lecture was delivered at the above place by Mr . T . M . Wheeler , Member of the Executive Committee . The chair was filled by Mr . Pailips . Ten new members were enrolled . Mr . Grover moved , and Mr . Haimes seconded , a resolution" That we highly approve of tbe Executive ' s plan of engaging lecturers ; and hereby determine to render tbein our bejt assistance in support of the same . " A collection was afterwards made for the veteran , Mr . T . Preston . Whitechapel . —Mr . Stallwood lectured to a crowded audience in tbe White Horse Assembly Rooms , on Sunday evening last .
Manchester .. —At a meeting of the Chartist PaiuterB of Manchester , held in their room , Watsonstreet , Petet-street , on Wednesday evening last , the following gentlemen were elected as a Committee for the ensuing three months : —President , Mr . William Hulme ; Treasurer , Mr . Edward Hall ; Secretary , Mr . Charles Taylor ; Mr . W . B . Killigrew , Mr . Thomas Doyle , Mr . James Porteus , and Mr . Thos . Lee . NBWCASTI . E . —Mr . C . D . Stuart lectured on Friday evening , in tbe Chartist Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth Market , on— " The comparative condition Of the
XTnited States and England , showing the advantageous position of the American People as contrasted with this Country . " Mr . S . having been long resident in the States and in South America , the infermation he communicated wao deeply interesting , and was confirmed by several individuals present who bad visited tbe States . At the unanimous request of the meeting , Mr . Stuart delivered a second lecture on the same subject , on Sunday evening , to a numerous audience , giving the greatest satisfaction to tha Chartists and all who were present .
Glorious Taiusi p ii or THE CHARTISTS OVEtt THEFree Traders ik Gateshead . —The Free Traders of Giteshead bad a meeting in the Town Hall there , on Monday evening ; their placard earnestly invited all who were friendly te Free Trade to attend , as they intended to present an address to the electors of Salisbury , who voted for Mr . Bouverio at tbe recent election for that Borough ; and as the Chartists considered themselves friendly to the only species of Free Trade that is calculated to benefit the starving millions , they accepted the invitation . At the appointed hour , ( eight o ' clock . ) Mr . Alderman Bracket , the gentleman who was elected President of the Giteshead Free TradeTa , at a hole and corner meeting of some six or seven of tbat kidney , on the 9 ' . h inst , walked into the
chair as if by natural instinct , and assayed to commence the proceedings by reading a letter frem Mr . Bouverie ' s committee , and was going to proceed with reading the address , which waa ready cut and dry , and only wanted the sanction of the meeting ; but the Chartists bad not been accustomed to have a chairman foisted upon them in that way , and politely aaked if they intended to take the sense of the meeting in tbe appointment of chairman ? After Borne discussion on the subject it was agreed that tbo voice of the meeting should be taken . Mr . Cook proposed that Mr . Brackett be appointed chairman , which waa pat to the meeting and agreed to : The chairman then read the address to the men of Salisbury , and likewise a resolution soliciting members to the free trade society , at annual contribations of 23 . 6 d . each , to be paid in advance , so as to assist in raising the £ 100 , 000 . A lengthy discussion took place on this resolution , on which Messrs , Stuart ,
Gammage , Ralph Currie , Sinclair , John M'Sbane , and others took part—it was agreed to . Mr . Win . Lackey Harle then proposed— " that the address to the electors of Salisbury be adopted by tbis meeting , " which waa duly seconded . The free traders appeared happy that there appeared no opposition to the address ; tout , alas , they were mistaken , for Mr . Cook , of the Blue Bell Inn , Gateshead , proposed an addenda . They appeared quite chop-fallen . They requested Mr . Cook to modify his addenda . He stood to his integrity and would not flinch a peg . The result was that the chairman declared Mr . Cook ' s amendment carried by a large majority , and at the same time declared that he would not sign tbe address as agreed to by the meeting . He ran away amid the hisses of the major part of the audience . Three cheers and one cheer more was then given for tbe People ' s Charter , and the meeting separated .
STOCKPORT . —On Sunday last Mr . M'Gratb of London , delivered & very able lecture on Class Legislation , to a numerous and attentive audience who were highly delighted . One hundred and seventeen cards were taken out , and 16 a . collected at the door . Mortality in the Metropolis . —We regret to state that the returns for the past week Bhow a great increase in the number of deaths . In the Week ending November 11 , the deaths were 1016 , while according to the present return they amount to 1230—showing an increase of not less than 214 . Deaths from measles , scarlatina , diarrhma , and dysentery are still hiuh , but the greatest increase has taken place in diseases of the lungs and from old
age . The average deaths caused by pneumonia is ninety , while during the last week it was 199 . The average deaths from consumption at this season is 131 , while the present return makes it 171 , and from old age or natural decay the numbers have increased from 69 to 100 . In diseases of the lungs the increase has been more than doubled—the average being 278 , while in the week ending November 18 the number vras 459 . In almost every complaint to which man is liable there has been an increase The average for all during the last five autumns was 908 , while the last return show * an increase for one week of 322 . We have no account of the daily mean , temperature , as no person has yet been appointed to succeed Mr . Robertson , who made up this part of the return . —Sunof Saturday .
, infanticide . —On Saturday evening , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., coroner , held an inquest at the Crown Inn , High * street , Kensington , on the body of a newly-born female infant , which was found on the morning of Thursday last , wrapped in a piece of cotton , at the side of the path in Ladbroke-grove , Notting-feiil . Guazzironi , the surgeon , who bad opened the body , gave it as his opinion that the child had lived some boars , and be attributed its death to neglect on the part of its parent after its birth . The coroner said in tbat case the neglect amounted to murder . Verdict , Wilful murder against some person unknown .
Bobbery and Murder . —On Saturday morning , between one and two o ' clock , a cruel robbery was perpetrated at the house ef two aged and infirm persons , named Sparring , situate in the Upper Bristolroad , in the parish of Weston , near Bristol . The villa * na , three in number , made an entrance through the rooi of tbe dwelling , by removing several of the stone tiles . They then rushed into the kitchen , where they found Mrs . Sperring , and threatened to blow out her brains if she gave any alarm , or made the least resistance , and the poor old woman fainted . The thieves then entered the bed-room of the old man , and , with imprecations , demanded his money . He offered them a sovereign to leave tha place , but they refused , and threatened his life if he did not tell them where h © kept his money , stating they knew he bad money in the bouse . One of them pulled out a box from under the bed , and broke it open , from which they toek £ 70 in money , and a silver watch , maker's name , "
Bullock , " Bath , 'with which they decamped , leaving the old woman in a state of insensibility . Sperring who appears to be a man of very penurious habits , occupies a detached cottage , which is situate about 200 yards from the Kelston turnpike-gate . His wife being a cripple , and be refusing to allow any person to enter his dwelling , the house presents a moat Bltby appearance . We are given to understand that the £ 70 of which he has been plundered , was hoarded in the handle of an old sawepan , and that an additional £ 20 8 ecretedin some Rigs fortunately escaped tbe hands of the burglam The violence of the ruffians resulted in the death of the old woman , ( who is about eighty years e £ age ) , wbkfr event took place yesterday moming , and an inquest will b » held on her body this day . Through the activity of the city police , and the chief officer , Mr . Hall , four individuals are now in custody on suspicion of having been concerned in the outrage . — Devizes Gazsite .
EXTEAORWNAnY ATiO LONG-PLANNED BOBBERT AS THE OlJD SHADES TaVEKX , LONDON BRIDGE . — The Shades , so well known at Woodin ' s , near London Bridge , was on Saturday morning found to have been broken iato , nnder very extraordinary circumstances , and noto » and gold stolen to the amount of oear £ l 00 t That this robbery has been effected by the most expert thieves on' lawn , there can be no doubt , and the ap » pliauc « & which , wete used buow the dexterity , coolness , and perseverance with which the work ¦ was done . Sines Mr . Woodin's death , Messrs . NicBolls and Pellatt
bave been tbe proprietors of tbe bouse , and they have rarely left any money on the premises , it being paid , into their bankers . For several mornings previous to Saturday , Mr . Pellatt thought that the key , when he placed it in the lock , jumped up in a very extraordinary manner , and he had it taktn off , determined to have another . The old one was found to contain putty and other things , 'which led to still stronger suspicion . Upon the policeman going round on Saturday morning , about six o ' clock , he observed no * thing extraordinary about the premises , but on passing at twenty minutes to sev&s , it struck him there was a noise in the house . Some alarm seems to have been given , and it was then found tbat tbe lock had been replaced by a new one . Ah entry was made , and tbe old lock was found lying in a pait of the ball .
with , a skeleton key in it . Thaw can be no doubt that the plan had been long orgaulsed , and the moulds of the outer lock had been takon , as it bad evidently been takea off and replaced . When Mr . Pellatt ^ went to the iron chest in which , on the over-night , £ 70 had been left , he found it open , and the money gone . The process by which this was done was singular and artistfoal . The feey , which would seem to have been made for the lock , was too smaW , and a blow pipe , found amongst skeleton keys and other thing * near the spot , had been used in order to fit it to the lockand the ^ ck \ o it In a comer of tbe roem -were tbe old lock , ™ gk i ^ a skeleton key in it , two skeleton ^^^ jgAV ^**^ tern . No doubt existB but that this ^ SbSi ^^ ra ^ X planned for ft long time , and that , in /** fuai » 5 ^ ^^ % ^ i watchman , the outer padlock had teen ^ j ^^ ffid ^^^ fi . new one put on , while the keys Wfe R ^ JWL 9 ^ A % v «^^^ S 3 present there ia no clue to the buMTOKil ^^^!^»^^ g
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 2, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct830/page/7/
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