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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th December 1843, Edition 4 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      11 CONDITION OF ENGLAND QUESTION . " ( Gontinuedfr < m < mr sixth page . ) Bjxxisghai . —On Sunday afternoon last , dnring £ r ? ine service * a fire , evidently the work ef an iacenffisry , broke xmt In tiie Etacky&ra of Ml . B . Holland , fanner , of Billioghay . An alarm m given at the church and at the Methodist chapel , -when those build ' Tgawere quickly deserted , every one being anxious to Tender assistance in such an emergency .. The flre bad taen kindled in the centre of four -wheat-stacks , bnt owing to the direction in which they stood the wind did pot obtain free access , and consequently the jpread iag of the rbraes -wn not so rapid as it slight hare icsn . It being Sunday , plenty of help was at hand , and with the aid of a good fire-engine talongingio the pp ? ish , the destructive element was shortly get under , not more than ; j £ 6 "» worm of damage beings done . XjjjcoZjb Meraay . ================: ^ == ^^

      Tboxsb . —On Tuesday evening list , aboafc seven o ' clock , a stubble itack in the BlneBoar yard , at Ihome , and belonging to Mr . J . Holroyd , -was diseorered to be on fire . Assistance was instantly procored by Pigott , Jan ., police officer , who happened to 1 ) 3 passing at the time ; but the stack was half consumed before Oie fire could be qaencbed . An old jbarn and some ontfcnfldings immediately adjoined the stack , which would undoubtedly have canght fire bnt for finely assistance . There ia too much rea * ejrto frar that this is the act of an incendiary . —BonoasLer Gazette .

      A fire brake oat on Monday -cresting last , about halfprst seven Celrck , on the premises of Mr . French , of Whifcfield , near Brackley , which , eongnmed » bean rick , a hovel containing two dung carts , &c , and next canght a large hay nek containing about twenty tons , a good p ^ rt of which was spoiled . The people formed a double row to the brook , a distance of about a quarter of a mile , which was the only place whenra a supply of water could be obtained . Two men who stood in the brook to fin the backets Trere taken so Dl as to require medical aid , and were laid on a bed on the Hoot of the Btchen till ihey were sufficiently recovered to be renoved . There is little doubt of its being the act of an incendiary , aa the hoTel where it first broke out wrn dheovered to be on fire at both ends , a distance from each , other of about fifteen yatds . Mr . French was infctcred in the Korttich Union firejoffice . —Korihamptm Mercury .

      BIDDE 5 HAM- —On Tuesday afternoon , about two o ' clock , a firs was discovered In the farm-yard of Mr . "W . folding , of Biddenham . The flames proceeded from a stack of straw , and would doubtless bav » destroyed t 2 » -whole of the property if it had not been detected so ' early . It ia supposed to be the work of an ? Tcsndiary . A reward of Rfty Pounds has been offered for the apprehension ol-tha offender . —Her ts Reformer . We deeply regret to find that ^^ fli ^*™ is again spreading its diabolical ravages in our rural districts About half-part nine o ' clock on Saturday night last , a fi-e broke oat in the rick-yard of Mr . Abraham Mann , at Tebworth , in tbe parish of Ghalgrave , at the ent once of the Tillage , about a aile from Hockliffa . The fiames raged with dreadful fury , and in the spsce of an

      hour and a half consumed two large barns and another large building , filled with wheat and barley , several ideks , a stable , sad other outbuildings . The cattle being driven oat at the commencemengof the fire , were , -with the exception of a pig , preserved . Xhe dwellinfheuse caught two or three times , but being a strong brick and tiled building , was saved by the strenuous exertions of those who were assisting . The flames communicated to a cottage on the opposite side of the road , the property of Mr . Wm . WMnnett , in the occupation of John Randal , an industrious labourer , mod clerk of ( be parish , who has a wife near

      her confinsment , and six young children , * the latter of whoa were in bed at the time ; the neighbours conveyed the children to other houses , and remoT&d the whole of the furniture , which was greatly damaged by the haste in which it was carried away . The cottage was destroyed , as -wa » alse a tarn . Wo cau » & 6 SQ be PTgned for the perpetration of the Tile act , as Mr . Mana is a gentleman of a remaikably qniet and inoffenat » f disposition , an excellent matter , who employs a J-rger number of labourers than any other person in the parish , aad the farm is the property of his daughter , ra amiable young lady , who ia , we believe , at present a ir-nar . —J . ylafoary Kews .

      On Wednesday evening , about wvenlo'dock , the inhabitants of Harleston ¦ were alarmed by the dreadful O . / of fire . The victim singled out for diabolical revenge , by a wicked incendiary , is Mr . John Aldous , of *"» Ant-hill farm , in the above parish . On the arrival of the parish engine a barley stack , the prodnrs of rFlteen acres , and apes stack of fire seres , -were both in names 7 iorrunately the wind was blowing sUfly from * - * ie north , which , with the Tery jadidous management of the engine , enabled them to preserve from desVroe 3 " on two wheat stacks , a barn , cattle sheds , &c Mr . Aldous is amply injured in the Norwich iBsurance-omce . Sormch llcratry .

      On : Fjaa » 7 » e" = ni « tti » barley stack , tie property of Hi . Stephen Gooeb , of Bomngham , ~ nx discovered to t on fire . The engines were soon on the spot , and they , with the assistance of the inhabitants , succeeded * n ertmgrisbing the flumes . A reward of £ 260 has been « £ ered for the apprehension of the offenders , as there isnot the slightest deubt of its being the work of some incendiary . —NormA Mercury . - %

      ci . TsjtTDi . rss tob . "nussPOMAiios . On Monday , before the Common Sergeant , at the 2 ? ew Court , Thomas Sari and Thomas Waits -were indicted for stealing ] several waistcoats and other reticles , the property of Edward Sommerfield . Both prisoners were also charged with haring previously been summarily convicted et felony . Both prisoners pleaded-Ouiliy . The Common Sergeant ssid thai the test thing he could c * 0 forUiem was to trassspor ^ taaL Watte—0 yes , xt LoKfljKer do so . Hart expressed a similar bopSP The Court sentenesd them to be transported for rarea years . Th" prisoners expressed tberr gratitude . Several other pnsoiart pleaded " GuOiy , " and it ap-? EAiI 5 G THAT D 1 STBES 5 HAD CACHED THEM TO COMMIT thb OFTSfcts of vMch they were charged , they were sentenced to short periods of imprisonment .

      GAME AXD : CBJMB . The following paragraphs , extracted from the Jy'es-~ bury Heat , seems so naturally to fall together , that ire cave ranked them wider one bead : — "A HlHT TO THE jAiMEBS OP BUCKS . —The present system of picking seed wheat has nearly exterm ' nated partridges in Ireland . —Limerick Chroiddt . " " Akfkat "HTIth Poacheks . —On the night of the Sih instant , & body of poachers , who were on the Dote of Buckingham's preserves at TVotton TTnderwood . \ . nX and grossly xU-szed a loeker-oat of the name oi Brockleyhnrst . " " 310 BBEUIES —We regret to say that petty roSberiea ire almost nightly taking place at Brill The lawless depredators have hitherto escaped . "

      "A Dispebado . —On Saturday lest , Moses Shrimpton , of Long Cfendon , "was charged with poaching on the Date of Buckingham ' s preset ? es , before the Rev . 6 . Chetwode , at Chilton . He « t- » en that charge committed to Aylsabnry gaol for sii moirtiia' imprisonment . Thete were also some charges of r-saolt against him . It appeared that he had been at the poultry honse of Mr . White , farmer , of Pollicott , on the evening before , ? id on that occasion very narrowly escaped from Mr . * White ' s bands . On the morning of Saturday he was found on the Ashendon estate , maxing . He h&d a powexfol blndffeon -with Mm , with which he knocked one of them down , and escaped from the other . "He » ri tten followed byti shepherd , who jacccsded in npturing him , notwithstanding bis desperate efforts to knock him down with bis bludgeon . "

      In these paragraphs what a dark chapter in the history of our landed aristocracy is touched upon . Gdch 2 farming is obstructed by the adherence to an obsolete system on the part of Use landowner * , for tne sake of l 6 rdly sport and political isfinenee . We know an instance in which a farmer in the West of £ ngls « a sowed a particular field with grain three successive years , and each year the plant was so completely destroyed by game that so attempt was made to reap it in either of the yean ; yet the farmer had all the ex ~ - pene 9 of a crop , and not » nMTKTig of allo-sranee was made by the landlord . So much ior the direct effect of fame preserving . And what a state of things in oonsection with &is subject do the above paragraphs disclose ? Pint , we have the editor of a newspsper suggesting to tb& farmers a plan fir poisoning the game , whieh is by law their landlord' s property !

      Wild ^ ttirIbj which by right are so man s property »* e bred and kept in enormous abundance in . the midst Of a population on the very brink of destitution , wboae opportaniHes of earning a living & » , in faet , greatly anmnisfaea ^ by the - ? ery maintenance of the game . They command , when captured , a ready sale , at high prices ** iey are eraly cau ^ it , * nd the eatcMng them affords to the poor man some of the excitement of sport , as well as the hope of profit—passions of no slight efficacy in the minds of all Englishmen—while no vigilance , en the l »» t of theyreserveia of these creatures , can effectually protset them .

      Then poaching is looked upon by all but the sperUng gentry as a very renis ! offence . We all remember that Sir Walter Scott first became acquainted with his faitfcfo * Bervant , Tom Purdy , from having had to sit In judgment upon him as a poacher ; and we believe few think much ¦ worse of aeouctry labourer berase he is a bit of a pcaAer . Tet poaabing is the mother of all rural crime * It leads to l&te boms and noctuzn&l adventures ; and , ¦ Dener ca later , to violent contests , and perhaps murdet-003 conflicts , with gamekeepers . As a pendent to these remarks , we repent the foUowir ? from a local paper : —

      " Sir P . eoodricke , at Cleraont Ledg e , Norfolk , last week entertained the Earl of Cardigan , Lord Macdonald , Lord Msidstone , the Hon . Captain Spencar , Mr . Payne , find Mr . Hunserford . The psziy , consistrng of seven i-ms , Mned , " Wot . 8—252 pheasants , 438 hares , 10 ? rabbits , 13 partridges , 2 woodcock *; total , 812 . Nov . S—331 phea-inh , 305 heres , 162 rabbits , 3 partridges , 3 wo&flcocks ; total , 804 . Nov . 10—235 pheasants , 441 hsr ^ , 110 rabbifs , i partridges , 2 -woodcocks ; total , 722 . Total—818 pfeeranri , 1 , 184 hares , 379 ial'D ! H , 20 psr ; ndfe » 7 woodcocis . Qfrand toial—2 , 408 n »»~ o days . "

      Untitled Article

      What an atrount of temptation , crime , waste , and illblood do these 2 , 408 bead of game , preserved for the momentary gratification of seven gentlemen , represent ! —Hull Advertiser . WAKEFIKLD HOUSE OF COBHECTION . —About forty or fifty years ago , WaSefield House of Correction cont&ined only about half a soore prisoners . What a contrast to the present time 1 When the new works are finished at this prison , it will be one of the largest prisons in the world ! Why Justice spajles the Oppressor . —The figure of Justice at Wakefleld Court House is witbouta sword , it having been blown down some years ago ; the balances , however , are in their proper position .

      Untitled Article

      THE TAIIOR SWEATING MACHINES AND " DEVIL'S DTJST .-

      { Continuation of the ease reported in our last . ) GxriLDHALL . —On Friday Sir P . Laurie , after disposing of some trifling cases , called upon a journeyman tailor , named Richard Morgan , to substantiate a complaint he bad make by letter on a former day , and in respect to which Six P . Laurie bad informed him he would not her- him , xmle » ha -was prepared with witnesses who could prove what be alleged , and nnless he gsve any muter notice wh « w same he intended to mention . The complaint made by Mr . Morgan wrs that the city tailors ware in the habit of giving out their work to a elrss of journeymen known in the tirade by the

      name of " srmten , " knowing -them to be ftUCh , and gaining no advantage by employing them , beyond rapidity in executing a customer ' s order . A " sweater " wm definrd to be a journeyman who would engage to do any job that would occupy a good hand twe days in the sboi "; space of eight or ten hours , working by night as well as day , and on Sundays as well as week days , without extra charge . A " sweater" turns out aa much work as six journeymen employed In the boose , which he accomplishes by employing improvers and ¦ women at low wages , aided by one or two good hands , but of notoriously bad character or depraved habits , whom no master would employ .

      Mr . Charles , of Fleet-strest , and Mr . Brasher , of the Old Jewry , were the only masters present ; but there was a great number of journeymen . Sir p . laurie asked Morgan to call first some one who had worked for a sweater . Henry . Leader was presented . He stated that be workeda few days since for a sweater employed by Mr . Comfort , of Coleman-streeL He was employed to make the third part of a single-breasted beaver ca » t The sweater was to have 13 s . It was to be made during the night . The sweater kept the lightest third part for himself . Complainant , with the help ef a short pipe , kept himself awake ; but the other two , who had been working in the day , dropped off to sleep . The garment was got in , however , in good time , but Mr . Comfort cot the price down to 10 a ., and complainant received 3 s . 43 . for his share , A good fire was kept up , and they burst 7 d . worth of candles , and a deduction of Is . was made for coals and candles .

      Sir P . Laubie said he tad received little " comfort * for that hard night's work . Thomas Eames said he was employed by a sweater named Qoigley , of No . 7 , W « st Ro-sr , -who -worked for Mr . TJ&Yis& , of Hanover Square . He was » coat-maker . Seven men worked in one room , two of whom sleep in it at night . Mr . D » vies pays 17 s . for a coat The sweater deducts 2 s . for his time in going backwards and forwards to his shop , and , marking the job off into thirds , keeping the lightest for himself . Toe two men who sleep there pay each 2 s . B < L per week for lodging ,

      5 i for breakfast , 8 d . for dinner , and 5 d . for tea , Had -worked for other sweaters at the West End besides Qoigley . They employ men whom no master tailor would suffer to enter his house ; men without shoes or stockings ; who wore their shirts three weeks without changing—who were labouring under filthy diseases , and about whom the vermin would be continually creeping . Into the hands of such B » en be bad seen put a share of a coat lot a Minister of the Crown , and for Peers of the realm . The witness began to mention names , but

      Sir P . Laune checked him , observing that lawyers sometimes decorated their offices with cases of papers bearing the names of great men who never employed the Uwyer in the course of their lives ; and so might tailors boast to their man of pretended customers . The witness continued—Some masters keep on fourteen men to meet contingencies , employing one half the first part of the week and the other half the last part of the eek , se that none earned more than sufficient to pay for their seven day ' s board and lodging . In such eases 15 s . cash would suffice on Saturday night to divide amongst tbe men , as toe sarplus beyond their debt . It was a system of truck , for tbe payment was made , in fact , in food and lodging . Only single men were employed . Sir P . Laurie asked how much a day a good band could earn , working under a sweater upon tbe heaviest thirds of the work ?

      Tbe -witness replied five shOlingB , if he Worked as nea * l , from four o'clock in tbe morning till ten at night . Mr . Charles , in answer to a question from the alder man , said lie formerly employed a number of men in bis own house , but the annoyance was so great , from the continual demand for refreshments from the publichouse and coSee-shop , that be could not bear it , and he sot gave out hi * -work , to tailor * who were house keepers doing a little business for themselves , find to

      what extent they employed others , or what sort of men they employed , he bad no means of knowing ; but though he w >« compelled by the competition in his neighbourhood to ticket some articles , he did not do this at the expense of the comforts of the men who worked for him . His price for making & coat ranged from 13 a . to 15 s ., for a waistcoat from 2 s . 6 d . to Ss . fld . and for trousers from 4 a . 3 d . to 5 s . 6 d . Sir P . Laurie asked if , paying these wages , be kept amoving van ? Mr . Charles—Certainly not

      Morgan said he did not belong to any society . He had been amongst the people who worked for Moses , Hyama , Myers , and ~ Bsj , and the "wretchedness he saw was beyond what he anticipated . He called » witness named Shea . Shea stated , that at the slopmakers the overlooker was frequently more particular as to the quality of the work than in tbe bespoke department , though only 3 s . 6 d . was given for making a Chesterfield in tbe first style . Some were required to make a coat for 2 s . 6 d . that would require two days' labour .

      Mr . Patter , the secretary to the Tailors' Protection Society , prodnced a specimen of trousering , m&BOfaC . tared at Huddersfield , by grinding together old woollen rags collected from all parts of Europe . It had been made up into cheap clothing in America , and returned as too bad for any use . It was called in Yorkshire shoddy , or devil's dust The specimen produced was a sort of olive green twilled trousering , and bad aliti two or three inches long , opened in all directions -where there tras a strain in the wear . He said a better sort of this article was extensively used by tfee cheap tailor , whose business it was to have the worst materials made up in the best style , at a scandalous rate of

      wsges . Sir P . Laurie said these bargains of course ultimately proved dear ; and be was surprised so many people had resorted to tbe overcbeap shops , ezpectlnjr to get articles really much below tbe prices charged by re-Bpectabls shopkeepers . The cheap men could not buy materials cheaper , and were not content with less profit . The buyer , therefore , got either « n inferior article at tbe cheap shop , or one made at a rate of wages which he should blush to countenance . Parker stated that Mr . Kay , tbe slop-seller , to Aldersgate , required as good work to be put in a waistcoat at is . 60 . aa Stultz did at 7 s . 6 d . John Holland deposed to the prices he had received , viz , for Taglienis and pilots , best make Ss . ; and a shootin ? jscket , fall of pockets , and with nineteen buttonholes , requiring three days' work , Ss . 3 d .

      Sir P . Xsurie asked how many bands State employed on his premises ? Parter said about 300 . Tbe evidence tra then directed to BhOW that tailors who professed to keep men on the premises for bespoke work sent it out into the most filthy neighbourhoods . Morgan said he saw this week a lady ' s habit being made up for Moses by a man named Paddy Kelly in a very filthy place . It was a bespoke garment ; would take a -whole -week to make ; and Paddy , a beautiful workman , -was to have l&s . for it If the lady saw where it was made it would be impossible for her to wear it . There were only a dozen tailors in the city who bona fide employed the men on their premises . There were 100 sweaters , who bad 400 good hands under them . The livery breeches of one of tbe present sheriffs' footmen trere given out to a sweater as 5 s . He could not do them , but turned them over to another ¦ neater at -ts . 6 d-, and the poor fellOW Who actually rnxde them received -is . .

      Sir P . Laurie Bald it was a pity that by some understanding among the Blasters themselves this extreme crnelty could not be avoided . He was afraid that while the masters could let their fioors to advantage , and avoid the trouble of managing work in the house , they would not turn their floors into work-rooms , bnt if they would try they might devise something . A tailor suggested tbat they might hire work-rooms . separate from their dwelling-houses and shops . Mr . Parrott , the chairman of the Tailor ' s Protection Society , said nothing could put down the sweating system but the stinting of the work to men working In rooms rented by the employer on bis own premises . By doing this they might place all the men in a state of happiness . He thanked Sir Peter Xssrie , in the name of the thousands of men out of employ , for affording them a hearing ; and he was sure if those in authority would thus only hear the complaints of the aggrieved , a happier state of things would in time subsist . . . . , , Sir P . Laurie said they were a large bods of industrious mao , and be hoped the exposure of the evils of which they complained would lead to the adoption ef some remedy .

      Untitled Article

      Galvanic Experiment—The resuscitating powers of galvanism have t : en confirmed in the most 8 atisfp > tory manner , in some well-conducted experiments of Mr . Halse , of Brent , near Ashburton . This gentleman drowned three young whelps in cold water , rid three others , of the same litter , in watra watsr . The first three were immersed fifteen minntea , and the latter three forty-five minutes . The experiments were commenced immediately after tfae animals were removed from the water , and when all of them were quite motionless ? nd apparently dead . Those wWch were drowned in cold water werep'a-ed in a blriket in front of a good fire , and shortly after one of them w prepared for the gr ' . vanio procees- Two srrr" i&'s , containing a solntton ef common salt , betaq provided , fhft tr \* n fftofe nf fcVte animal wera daced in one of tbenii

      and the hind feet in the another , sod a conncetlrs wire from the battery brought to each jar was immersed in tbe ealine rotation . The first momtntary discharge developed signs of vitality ; and a teiio ot slight shocks , ontinned for about five minutes , restored tbe functions of life . The poor creature was then again placed on tbe blanket before the fire , and in a short time it began to w&lkabout , and appeared quite as lively as ever . On examining its two fellow-sufferera , they were p ^ t recovery ; indeed quite dead . By operating in a pimi ' n manner on the other three , which were drowred in warm water , Mr . Hal&e succeeded in resuscitating two of them , and restoring them to perfect health ; bat the third do ^ not l : ing galviaized till an hour after the resuccitatien of tbe second , bis efforts to restore it were not suecessfn *

      It has been the opinion of many physiologists , that there is a strict analegy between galvanism and the vital principle , and that the phenomena of life have an ekctric origin . Others there are who think they can . identify the nervous with the electric fluid . Be jtbat ss it may , tbe experiments ot Dr . Wilson Philip have shown , that there exists a striking analogy in the nervous and galvanic infiimces ; and that the latter is capable of supplying the place of the former , in performing the functions of life . Having fed several rabbits with parsley , Dr . Philip divided the eight pair of nerves of some of them , by incisions in the neck , for the purpose of ascertaining their influence on the digestive functions of the stomach . On examining the

      contents of their stomachs , tbe parsley appeared to have undergone no change whatever . Others of these rabbits were subjected to the galvanic influence , by applying one of tbe conducting wires to the lower portion of the nerves , just below tbe incision in the ntok , and the other conductor to the skin opposite to tbe stomach , so that the electric current would flow along the nerve . By this process , the difficulty of breathing was prevented , during the whole of the twenty-six hours that the operation was continued . These rabbits were killed immediately after tbe galvanism was discontinued , and the parsley wn found to be perfectly digested , and in the same state as that in the stomachs of other ubbits fed at the same time , and left unmolested in their natural healthy condition .

      These capital electro physiological results , which were subsequently confirmed by ' -imilor experiments , conducted by Dr . ciarfee Able , leave op doubt respecting the influence of galvanism , as a substitute In performing the nervous functions ; and afford stroDg evidence of the practicability of applying this agency with advantage , as an auxiliary to the nervous agency , when the latter is too debilitated to act efficiently alone . Tbe correctness of this view has been realised by the beneficial results that have . been obtained by galvanic treatment , in several cases arising from nervous debility , and the consequent atony of the organs which they influence . And as the muscles also become excited and invigorated by the galvanic stimulus , the medical practitioner has , in it , a powerful auxiliary to his other modes of treating many of the diseases which afflict humanity .

      Aeronautical Exhibition , Willis ' s ROOMS . — Mr . Monck Mason , who , as our readers are most probably aware , has devoted considerable attention to the subject of aeronantics and aerial navigation , has established an aeronautical exhibition at these rooms , which opened on Wednesday , and certainly a most interesting exhibition it is . One of Mr . Mason ' s objects is to direct public attention to hia model of a balloon , whioh Can be b 6 th propelled and steered . Tills balloon ia of oiled silk , its shape is ellipsoidal , a shape which combines the highest ascending power with the least resistance to horizontal progression ; below the balloon , between it and the car , but in close connection with the latter , is a frame-work » f jwood , in shape like the frame-work of the deck of a sharp-bnilt ship , its Ions diameter

      corresponding with tbe long diameter of tbe balloon ; below this frame-work is tbe ear . The propeller is an Archlmedian screw of oiled silk , stretched over a light frame-work . This screw resembles in shape the screw now used as a propeller 00 board the Archimedean steam vessels ; it is suspended from the wooden framework , and is moved by a powerful spring in tbe m . At tbe opposite end of tbe car is the rudder , in shape somewhat like a paper kite , and by means of which Mr . Monck Mason imagines be can to some extent regulate the ascending power of tbe balloon . There cannot be any doubt but that Mr . Mason can communicate the power of progression to bis balloon by means of his Archimedean screw , which ought rather to be denominated a sucker or drawer than a propeller , inasmuch as the balloon progresses Screwend foremost : The experiments lately exhibited place this fact beyond a doubt . The balloon having

      been inflated and balanced to proper elevation , was moored to a column , forming the centre of a circle , round which it was to travel . The rudder and tbe screw were rigged in their proper places—tbe spring power applied—round went the screw , and on went tbe balloon at a rapid rate , screw-end foremost , and so continued until tbe spring ceased to act , when the screw ceased to turn , and the balloon became stationary . This experiment was repeated , and nothing could be more satisfactory . Every expectation that the most sanguine person could have entertained was realised . We did not witness any experiments with tbe rudder , bat we hope again to visit Mr . Monefe Mason ' s very interesting exhibition , when we may have an opportunity of testing the powers of the rudder . Mr . Monck Mason who conducted the experiments , was assisted by Mr . Green , the seronaut , who , we understand , expressed his approbation of tbe experiment .

      TEE New Comet . —At one o ' clock in the morning of tbe 22 nd instant a comet , only visible through ft telescope , was discovered near the star Gamma , of Orion , by M . Faye , an astronomer attached to lhe Royal Observatory at Paris . Notwithstanding the cloudB and vapours which impeded tbe view , and rendered the observation uncertain , the position of the star was ascertained as follows : —On the 22 nd of Nov ., 1843 , at 14 hours , 44 minutes , 11 seconds , medium time of Paris , reckoned from mid-day , the right ascension of the comet was 81 deg . 5 min ., and tbe boreal declension was 6 deg . 56 min . The sky was so cloudy on the following night , that it was only on tbe 24 th that tbe comet was again seen , when its position wr <* ascertained with complete precision . On the 24 th of

      November , 1813 , at 17 b . 4 min . 43 sec . medium time of Paris , counted from mid-day , the right ascension of the comet was 30 deg . 50 min . 42 sec . ; boreal declension of the comet , 6 deg . SO min . 35 sec . Thus tbe apparent right ascension of tbe comet diminished by seven minute * of a degree within about 24 hours ; and in the same interval of time tbe declension likewice diminished by ; 12 minutes . This eomet presents a bead Be distinct , that the observations are singularly facilitated . From tbe head slight trains of light diverge nearly opposite to the sun . This tail is at present in length about four minutes of a degree . The following letter has kaen addressed to tbe papers . - —

      " To the Editor : — Sir , —This comet wbs observed here with the five-feet equatorial , whose object glass is 4 inches aperture , about eight o ' clock last evening ; with the large achromatic , of 11 inches 9-lOths diameter , its nucleus , with powers of 150 and 3 * 0 , seemed not round , but elongated in the direction of tbe tail , which Utter , after moonset , extended about 11 minutes . It does not bear much Illumination of the field , although it was easily found with an achromatic telescope of 2 inches aperture .: At 48 min . 37 sec , after midnight , its ascension was about 5 h . 21 mio . 37 sec and its northen declination was about 5 deg . 34 min ., 32 sec . and it is very the star of A Orionis . —Observatory , Kensington , Thursday morning , Nov . SO , 1843 , haK-pasfc two . "

      Bjl Wbitpield , the JfAxr / KxtisT , has lately returned from tbe coast of Africa with a large collection cf animals and plants . This is about tbe twentieth voyage successfully made by this enterprising traveller , who has visited New Holland and other distant settlements several times within tbe last thirty years . Tbe late Duke of Bedford was his great patron ; and since the death of his Grace tbe present Earl of Derby has been bis patron . Xhe Doctor , after many perileus escapes , has sneceeded in bringing over four ostriches , thirteen antelopes , ene lioness , eight crown cranes , and four gigantic cranes , a pair of Egyptian ibis , many olive and white aigrettes , five wild cats , and a vast variety of small birds ; also , a splendid collection of rare plants . They have all been consigned to Knowsley-park , and arrived in perfect health .

      SOCIETY OF ABTS—A numerous meeting of tbe ] embers was held on Wednesday evening , ia the theatre f tbe Institution , John-street , Adelphi ; Benjamin totch , Esq ., V . P ., F . R . S ., in the chair , when a paper ras read by the secretary on the now patent metallic 3 ment , a composition of sand and of the refuse of coper commingled , and of a peculiarly hard and durable escription . Specimens of its applicability to building urposes were exhibited , showing that it was snsceptlteof a fins marble polish , and of being made to imitate ranite . it was stated by the chairman that this Invenion would find an abundant market in the mountaios f Wales , where the refuse of copper was so great that ae proprietors did not know what use to make of it resco paintings worked upon the surface of this cement -ere likewise exhibited , the result of the method being iat they may be preserved much longer by this process ian by the usual method .

      The Asis among the Komans . —The Romans are tsatiate and always a semi-barbarous people , amongst horn the arts of civiHzjtlon never had much extension ; ity did not look at the fine arts at any time with adiration or respect , if we except architecture , which ie -wealthy among them appear to have considered erely as a -vehicle for displaying their vain and rfcenfcatlons love of exhibiting wealth . Even tfeis arfc ley picked up from the Groks , and soon corrupted

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      £ 5 . « £ unple P'toojplw . Still it wa-j in tue lands of Orcek workmen , who being supplied with large means derived from the plunder of other nations , Sr n * « ° uB , an dBometimesgrana . edlflces-both puwie and private , but never with the purity of twte which always distingnish ; V genuine Greek rTObiteeture . Jfainttng and sculptore , however , were never looked ujcinby them as intelleatual pursuits , which fact proves tne low tone and confined icalibre of Rome's national mind-brute force wsi their only implement Even VirgU ( not a Raman ) encoPT ^ ea them to despise the sculpture * and other liberal arts of Greece , and tells tuem to «• be satisfied with I : ing the conquerora of nations and masters of the world . " Where rre now their conquests or masterships of tke world ? The glories of Greek arts have surwed them all . —Taylor ) ft if t € Si

      60-Silvering cast Iron—By Major Jewreinoff , as practised at St . Peter 8 burgh .--The liquid for silvering w prepared in the following manner : —Cyanide of poi ^ PK paw according to Liebig ' s method , > Introduced into a stoppered vessel , aod fre 3 b ! y-ptepncd P arecbJoride of silver , atill in a moisi sta ^ , added ; !? « # belns COTered wi 6 n w * * ar » nd shaken violently ; for some time atthe ordinary tamp Mature . An excess of chloride of silver ! b token , and should a small quantity of It remain undlwolved , a few pi- 'es more of the oyanlde are added after some time , fe ' eing care , however , to avoid having on exce ~> of the latte-»« , but always a small quantity of nadicsolved chloride at the bottom of the ve ^ el . This . '? st d-cuiutpi- -. is important , because when the llquoe contains too much free oyanide of po Mum it !~ f " y decompot ' d , d

      anmoreover does not silver so well ; before employing it it is filtered , and fs thus rendered jarfectly cle ~ , iron and a little chloride of s ?' ver remaining on the filter . ^ I effect the plating by means of a galvanic pafr of pla * 3 s , consisting or zinc and a coke cylinder , which are separated from ersn other by meaDS of an earthen diaphragm . The pair are p . » ? 3 fd in a glan ver : 1 containing dilute sulphuric rsid , and dilute nitric acid is conveyed into the earthen dlaphrr ^ m . The Cleansed cast iron object la immersed In the silver solution , and connected with tbe zinc pole by means of a conducting wire , and a platinum plate immersed in the liquid , at some distant f com tbe object to be silvered , and connected with the coke cylinder . A plate of cast iron , of foul equate inches surface , is generally completely plated in thirty minutes . —Bulletin ds St . Peters burgh . ¦

      SODA AND Soap . —Soda has been used from time immemorial in the manufacture of aoap and glass—two chemical productions which employ and keep in circulation an immense amount of capital . The quantity of aoap consumed by a nation would be no inaccurate measure whereby to estimate its wealth and civilisation . Of two countries , with an equal amount of population , the wealthiest and most highly civilised will consume tbe greatest weight of soap . This consumption does not subserve sensual gratification , nor depend upon fashion , but upon the feeling of the beauty , comfort , and welfare attendant upon cleanliness ; and a regard to this feeling is coincident with wealth and civilisation . The riob , in the middle ages , concealed a- Wfit of cleaulinesa in their clothes and persona under & profusion

      of costly scents and essences , whilst they were more luxurious in eating and drinking , in appatel and horses . With us a want of cleanliness is equivalent to insupportable misery and misfortune . Soap belongs to those manufactured products , the money value of which continually disappears from circulation , and requires to be continually renewed . It ia one of the few aubatancea which are entirely consumed ; by use , leaving no product of any worth . Broken glra and bottles are by no means absolutely worthless ; for rags we may purchase new doth ; but soap-water hpi no value whatever . It would be interesting to know accurately the amount of capital involved in the manufacture of soap : it iB certainly as large as that employed in the coffee trade , with this important difference aa

      respects Germany , that It Is entirely derived itom our own soiL France formerly imported soda from Spain , Spanish soda being of the tsst quality , at an annual expenditure of twenty to thirty millions of frenc . During tbe war with England , the price of soda , and consequently of soap and glass , rose continually ; and all nianafactares suffered in consequenca . Tbe present method of making floda from common salt was discovered by Ie Blaiw , at the end of the last century . It was a rich boon for France , and became of the highest importance during the wars of Napoleon . In a very short time , it wn manufactured to an extraordinary extent , especially at the seat of the soap

      manufactories . Marseilles possessed , for a time , amonpoly of soda and soap . The policy of Napoleon deprived that city of the advantages derived from this great source of commerce , and thus excited the hostility of the population fk his dynasty , which became favourable to the restoration of the Bourbons .- a enrious result of so improvement ir . a chemical manufacture . It w s not loDg , however , in reaching England . In order to prepare the soda of commerce ( which Is tbe carbonate ) from common ee \ t , it is first converted into Glanlsr's salt ( sulphate of soda ) . For this purpose , eighty pounds weight of concentrated sulphuric a « ld ( oil of vitriol ) are required to one hundred pounds of common salt . —Liebig ' s Letters on Chemistry .

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      a trifling addition to her miserable modicum of food , and for which he was visited with Instant dismissal ! We have this relation from those who nave by stealth recently seen the doomed creature in her captivity , and they describe her appearance as most deplorable , and akin to that of the caged beasts in a menagerie , keeping constantly pacing round her narrow prison-house like a demented creature , and bearing a dumb expression of suffering capable of imelting every heart but that of her crnel tormentor , j We are further informed that a pony has been punished by this person , for some uuknown reason , fey the same speciei of infernal cruelty for the last two yeark—Worc 2 Sler Herald . [ Why does not ovr contemporary give the name ot tblt " respectable" ruffian ? Wby have not the necessary informations , before this , been laid before a magistrate t If ever there was a case worthy of " Lynch law , " this is one . At once , we sjay , drag tbe miscreant to justice . — Ed . N . S . I !

      The O'Connell ] Tribute . —I muBt confess that to- ' 3 money box" ! were the greatest eyesore to me in the whole matter . I cannot fergive O'Connell for it , pid I think nobody ! else can . And will posterity be able to forgive him for making a gain and a money matter Of his patriotib toils , and carrying on this business openly and publicly without shame or fear ? I I illeve it never occurs to him , himself , that there is anything bad In the affair ; for he has entrenched himself , and made himself secure , behind some such reasoning aa this : — "l | was an advocate with excellent practice , which promised to be batter than it already wr \ I became a patriet , and dedit Jted all my powers to my country and to your cause , ye men of Ireland ! This busness ia an expensive one to me ; for I must

      not only provide for myself and my family , but auo maintain several of my friends who help me and mine , j and s ' tnd by me in Parliament , and put me in a con- ; dition to do effectually whatever I do for yonr cause . Theie can bs nothing more just than that all Ireland should pay for the cost of this business , and also reimburse me for the profit * of my profession , which I have surrendered for the love of her ^ I can , therefore , with tbe greatest right , demand of you the O'Connell tribute , and renlve it with a good conscience . " The following facta ore ] certain—that , in consequenc 3 of bis patriotic | and stirring endeavours and agitation , O'Connell enjoys a yearly tent of no Inconsiderable magnitude ( to the amount , it ia said , of mere than £ 18 , 000 ) and tbat he and his friends live well on this , with far

      t ttst food and far better clothes than thousands of those from whom they draw , tbe rent . Further , it fi certain , that O'Connell and his friends do not say , " We will walk * in rp ^ s—we will eat potatoes and salt , like millions of our compatriots for whom we toil—we will set aside all worldly advantages , and all the money which ia contributed shall be devotfd solely cod . singly to the causa , and not employed for any personal purposes . " The tendency of his argument is rather this : — «« If we bad continued as advoca * j 8 , we could now be living gloriously , and in the enjoyment of all kinds of pler-mre ; if , therefore , we are to forget tW * , you must fully protect us frem want" We cannot therefore place the O'Connell ' s in the same rank with the great and glorious spirits iwhom the world has exalted so

      high , because they kept their soul and their thoughts free from tbe atmosphere of money , and kept their hands undefined by the touch of Satan's worat invention , gold—such men as the unselfish Fabriclus , Cincinnatus , tbe worker at the plongb , the barefooted Caliphs ; the world-denying apostles end prophets , and other highly-exalted prophets and patriots . It is qnite possible—it is , indeed , probable—* bat , had O'Connell followed tad example of Jean Jacques Rousseau ; bad he refused the support of bis friends ; bad he , like Cincinnatu $ , determined to live by the plough ; or had be , like miJ'ions of his poor compatriots , been content to dress in rags and live on potatoes , be never would have attained to his power . Perhaps the people would have despised him , and passed him by . Perhaps this age must and will see H heroes well clothed and well fed , A * the English national debt is a yoke and burden which

      holds ill England together , so perhaps is the O'Connell tribute a burdea which holds all the Repealers together . They have ; onee pledged themselves to pay a certain amount of tribute , and this binds them to advance with O'ConnelL They , perhaps , wonder atr tbe extraordinary character of this tribute , which a man witheut external power , only by bis eloquence sad earnestness , h ? i imposed upon them , and , on this very account , value him the more highly . The sum of the whole is—O'Connell ' ia a wonderful man of the 19 th century ( the century of money ) , who haa arrived at influence , power , andi prosperity , by means such n the world has rarely heard of previously ; who , without physical power and without giving up any thing , b / i for forty years bid defian' 1 to the moat powerful aristocracy of Europe , having on hiB Bide nothing but a few millions of beggari—Kohl ' s Travels in Irelavi .

      The Sublime c . Jthe Ridiculous—It is astonishing how the sayings and doings of the greatest men , that are mecnt to be sublime and even tremendoufl , can be defeated by the slightest and shortest ridicule , when It is well-timed . Every body must remember the admirable wit by which that ever-witty man , Wilkes , turned Lord Tburiow and one of bis most important speeches into complete ridicule . Tbe crafty reprobate and vulgar swearer , notorious for his Atheism , ended his speech by exclaiming , "If I forget my King , may my God forget me . "' On this , Wilkea , who was standing behind the throne , said , loud enough for everybody to hear , " God forget you , indeed 1 He'll see you at tbe devil first" The ; House was convulsed with laughtor , and Lord Thurlow sat down amidst general ridicule .

      Pitt , who W 8 < 3 haranguing the Commons on another oc " . sion , in order to stimulate them to war against the French revolutionists , carried his excitement so far , that , stooping his long gaunt body , he tapped the floor with the back of his band exclaiming that if they did not go to war . " even tbecs very boards will rise up in judgment against you . " On this Wiifces , who stood below the bar , observed , " Then send for a werpontor and nail them down . " Every body around him burst out a-laughing , and the astonished proud , the haughty and aristocratic Minister , could not conceive why he WPS laughed at But a better joke than this wr 1 played off upon that vilest of all apostates and impostors , Mr . Bv-ke . This dull speaker , when he betrayed his party and was seeking his two pensions , made an harangue against the French revolutionist ) , describing tbelr crnelties ; he worked himself op to a fever , and in order to illustuts their sanguinary deeds , he drew a knife from ! his bosom and tkrew it on the

      table of the House . Amidst the awful Silence that ensued , and whilst Bc-ke wss standing In a theatrical attitude , Sheridan we ? overheard to say , " Yes , yes , I see tbe knife , but where is the fork ? " The whole house burst into laughter , and Mr . Burke sat down with merited contempt the late Mr . Wbitbread was a man of business , and ] of very great talents , but certainly he had nothing of tbe poet in him . No man ever had less of the poetio temperament . On building Dmry-lane be wrote aipoem as the competitor for the prize of writing the best opening address—a task afterwards performed grafts by our most illustrious bard , Lord Byron . Whithread's chief simile wri the Pfcceoix rising from his panes in the flames . This was told to Sheridan , who most j satirically replied : " Zounds , Whitbread write about a PLceoix ; depend upon it he will descrit 3 it like a poulterer . " This reached Whitbread '» ears , and he V thought bettor of it "—and fc ' s poem never raw the light

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      SALFORD—The Salford Chartists met In their Rooms , Great George-street , to hear a lecture from Mr . M'Fatlane , who delivered a very ^ interesting addreei to an attentive and respectable audience . After Mr . M'Farlane sat down the chairman introduced Mr . Little to the meeting , who gave a short but Interesting address on the rise and progress of the principles of Chartism . There will ; be a lecture in the Booms every Sunday evening at half-past six O ' clock , STOCKPORT . —On Sunday afternoon last , the youths met in the anto-room , Otarnett-atreefc , . tower

      Hillgato . The chair was taken at two 0 clock , when a very animated discussion took place . Subject— " Is colonization consistent with Christianity ? " Mr . Brown opened the debate , maintaining that colonization , as at present carried out , was | not in Accordance with Christianity . Several others took part In tbe debate , which was carried on for two ! hours . The youths here are no « engaged in establishing a library . Every one seems to take great interest in the matter , and all are determined that it shall not fail for want ot exertion . They have already got a number of works ; and are about to issue an address to the public soliciting aid .

      IiOMDON .-THE UNITED BOOT AND SHOEmakers held their weekly meeting at the Cannon Coffee HouBe , Old-street St . Luke ' s , when the question— " Would a Repeal of the Corn Laws , under existing circumstances , beaeSt the Working Classes ?" was opened by Mr . Langwitb , who contended it would not He was supported by Messrs . Clark and M'Carthy ; but met with opposition from a Mr . Brown , who attended as champion for the anti-Corn Law League ; and attempted to show that { this country would be a paradise were the principles of Free Trade folly carried out Several others being desirous to address the meeting , it wss resolved the question should be adjourned to Sunday evening , December lOfch , when It will bs opened by Mr . Brown maintaining the affirmative .

      District Council , Sunday , December 3 rd , w . H . Bain in the chair . The { rules were agreed to . The Golden Lion and other localities sent in their quotas . There was a full attendance of delegates . Mr . PaternoBter , from the Hare-street locality , took his seat . Mb , Cooper lectureJ j to a crowded audience , on Sunday evening last , at # xe City of London Political and Scientific Institution ( In continuation ) on "the Poetry of Barns" , and gave great satisfaction . POLITICAL ANB SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION

      TURN-, again Lane—On Sunday , Dee . 3 rd , the adjourned discussion on the question ; " Woold a Repeal of the Corn Laws benefit the working classes , " took place . Mr . Bird in the chair . Mr . Rathbone opened the question on the negative aside , followed by Messrs . Sparkhall and Main on the same side , and Mr . Dalrymple and another on the affirmative side of the question . It was adjourned to Sunday nest . Mr . Cooper lectured in the evening ori the poetry 0 * Burns , " to a good audience , and gave universal satlafacUon .

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      ffilAKCaESTDER- Carpenters Hail—On Sunday last a lecture -was delivered in the above Ha -, by the Rev . W . Y , Jacbsan . Subject , * The iruuenc * of classes upon eociety . " Sooth Lancashire Delegate Meeting—The above delegate meeting was holden on Sunday last , in the committee room , under the Carpenter ' s Hall , Manchester , when delegates were present from the following places : —viz . —Manchester , Carpenterff Hall ; Chartist Painters , Manchester : Charts Youths , Manchester ; Bochdale ; Ashton-imder-Lyne ; Staly-Bridge ; Hollinwood ; Bolton , and Mosaley . Mr . C . Taylor was called upon to pre 1 idi » by the unanimous vote of the delegates . The minnf c of the previous meeting were read and oonfirmecr .

      The delegates then settled their financial Darner ? , after which the following resolutions were passed : — "That a committee be chosen to examine the accounts of the defence fund comffiittee , fand report at the next meeting . " "Tfaat Messrs . Dixor , Taylor , Divies , Nuttall , and Murray , form the committca . " That a Conference of delegates from the various localities in South Lancashire , be holden on Sunday , the 3 ist of December , in the Charter Association Room , Newport-street , Bolton , to take' into consideration the reorganisation of the South Lancashire district ; chair to be taken at ten o ' clock ia th « forenoon . " " That a short address em&natirs

      from this meeting , upon the necessity of this Confer ence , be published Jin the Northern Starx of Saturday , the I 6 th inst ., and also that the Sccretaty send ft copy of the same to each locality . " That Messrs . Taylor , Nuttall , andDixon , do form a committee t > prepare the address . " That we the delegates of South Lancashire in delegate meeting assemblr ? , do hereby request the various localities in this dir « trict , to transmit forthwith to the Executive the arrears due by them to that body . " " Thatthe letturers' plan be discontinued until the Conference . The thanks of the meeting was then given to ti *< Chairman and the meeting separated .

      Carlisle . —Public Meeting at Dalstonji neab Carlisle . —On Saturday evening , Dec . 2 , a public meeting was held at this public-spirited village ; Mr . William Johnston , an old veteran reformer of thirty years' standing , was unanimously called to the chair ; who , after , briefly stating tha object of the meeting , introduced Mr . Joseph Broome HanBon , of Carlisle , who addressed the meeting at great length on the all-important subject of a reper " of the Corn Corn Laws . He ably exposed the specious fallacies of the Leaguers , and proved beyond dispute , that no benefit would arise to the working classes from a repeal of those laws , except the repe ?* be accompanied by an equitable adjustment of the to

      national and other debts . He nextsiluded , the Goyerntnens prosecutions now penning against Mr , O'Conueii and his associates in Ireland ; and ' . contended that ample justice can only be obtained for that unhappy and misgoverned country , through the aid of the English people . Mr . Hanson then took a review of tbo progress of Chartist principles , and concluded by calling on the meeting to stand by the Charter as the only surei and safe remedy for the many social and political evils under which tbis once happy country now laboured . A Council wrs then chosen according to the New Plan of Origank * ation , and cards of { membership will be delivered on Saturday , the 9 th instant .

      Wobking Men's Mental Improvement Society . —On Sunday evening last , a meeting of the members and others took place at No . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate , at which Mr . John Lowry presided . The following question was spoken to by Mr . Heaiy Bowman and others : " Will the Government prosecutions ot" Mr . O'Connell and his associates forward or retard the progress of the Repeal of the Legislative Union between great Britain and Ireland 1 Mr . Bowman made a series ot observations to the effect , that prosecutions for opinions' sake never failed to create a Bpirifc of inquiry in the human mind , which , if steadily pursued , would ultimately lead to the discovery of truth , and the adoption of the opinions for which individuals had suffered imprisonment , transportation , and even death . He illoslraM his views of the subject by readiug

      several interesting biographical notices of the prosecutions against Bonnivard , of Geneva the subject of Lord Byron ' s beautiful poem the " Prisoner of Chilion , " and who was shut up in the Castle of Chillon by the Duke of Savoy , for the long period of fifteen years , after which he was liberated by the Bernoise , who had invaded the Pays de Vaud . Bonnivard on regaining his liberty , had the pleasure of finding that Geneva was free , and had adopted the principles of the Reformation . The republic hastened to testify its gratitude for the wrongs he had suffered m her behalf . He immediately received bis citizenship , and was presented with the ^ house formerly occupied by the Vicar-General , and . a pension of 200 gold crownB waB assigned * to him . In the following year he was admitted into the Council of Two Hundred .

      " Chillon ! thy prison Is a holy place , And thy sad floor an altar , for 'twas trod Until his very steps have left a trace-Worn as if thy cold pavement "was a sod—By Bonnivard!—may none those marks efface I For they appeal from tyranny to Gk > d . "— -Byron . One of the most memorable viotims of religious intolerance ( said Mr . Bowman ) , was that of the famous and learned Spaniard , Michael Servetup . He was born in 1509 , in Arragon . He was the son of a notary , who sent him to Toulouse for the study of civil law . Excited by the discussions of Reformers in that city , he printed a tract in disparagement o £ the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity , in

      1531 . His oiroamatsooea being depressed , he engaged for some time with the Frelons , booksellers of Lyons , as corrector of the press . He then went to Paris , where he studied physic . He graduated at Paris , but quarrelled with the fnultyV and repaired to Charlieu , near Lyons , where he practised three years ; whence , at the instance of the Archbishop of Vienne , he removed to the latter city . During the time he was in constant correspondence with Calvin , with whom he discussed points of controversy , consulting him in respsofr to his writings and Arian notions . Of this confidence Calvin subsequently made a base use-by producing his letters and manuscripts as mattela of accusation against him . In

      1555 Seryetus published his matured theological system , without his name ; bnt Calvin took care that the magistrates of Vienne should be duly informed of it , and Servetus was committed to prison , whence he contrived to escape , and thereby avoided that fate from Catholic hands which he was afterwards to suffer from those of the Reformers . Proposing to proceed to Naples , he imprudently took his way through Geneva , where Calvin induced the magistrates to arrest him on a charge of blasphemy and heresy , advanced against him by a person who had been a servant in Calvin ' s family . In order to secure his condemnation , his various writings were sifted for accusations ; and , as a proof of the

      malismty and injustice which he encountered , it may be mentioned that one of the charges waa extracted from his edition of Ptolemy ' a Geography , ia which he asserted that Judea had been falsely extolled for its beauty and fertility , modern travellers having found it both sterile and unsightly . The magistrates of Geneva were , however , aware that many eyes were upon them , in respect to this extraordinary treatment of ft person , who was neither a subject nor a resident ; but , properly speaking , a traveller kidnapped in his passage . They thought proper , therefore , to consult the magistrates of all the Protestant Swiss Cantons , who , referring the matter to their divines ,

      THE LATIER DNANIMOCSLT DECLARED FOR HIS JUNISHmbnt . As he refused to retract his opinions , therefore lie woe condemned to the flames , which sentence was carried into execution the 27 th of October , 1553 , in the forty-fourth year of his age . Servetus is numbered among the anatomists who made the nearest approach to the doctrine of the circulation of the blood . Mr . Bowman next alluded to th& late author , 'James Beaumont , and pointed out his fatriotio conduct before the Chamber of Peers in ' ranee , when he denied their competency to try him . He glanced at the prosecution of Palmer , and Muir , and the rest of the glorious men who boldly

      maintaining their principles in the face of absolute power , suffered martyrdom from an LUegal condemnation , and transportation to a foreign land at the extremity of the world . He alao Bpgke of th& prosecutions of the late Thomas Paine , William Cobbett , and others ; and concluded by alluding to the prosecutions of the Chartists , ani of Southwell . Hardy , Home Tooke , Paterson , and others . Mr John Armstrong and Mr . James Muir aleo spoke on . the same side , after which , on tfee motion of Mr . Robert Grahame , the discussion was adjourned until December the 10 th , at six o ' clock in the evening .

      KBLSO . —The Chartists of Kelao held their weekly meeting in Mr . Reedfc room * en Satnrday evening last , James Scot in the chair ; after sorne discussion , it was moved by James Purves , and seconded by Thomas Reed , thatonredbseription be one penny per week , and as Boon as we have funds sufficient to procure cards of membership that we join the General Association . " Carried . Mr . Douglas , baker , Horse Market , ia appointed treasurer , pro tern ., and Mir . Sort , moulder , Wood Market , secretary , prqtem . It was likewise agreed to , that the Northern Star be read every meeting night .

      CARRXN 6 T 0 N , near Nottinoham—A general meeting of the Chartists of this locality was holden On Sunday evening last , when seven persons were named as members of the General Council . After the transaction of other business , and a vote of confidence in , and thanks to Mr . O'Connor and the Executive , the meeting separated highly delighted with the proceedings . BRISTOL . —Mr . Clarke , of the Executive , lectured on Sunday , Dec . < th , lathe Democratic Chapel , Temple-street , on tbe Repeal of the Union . Meny Irishmen were present , who loudly cheered him . Mr . C ' a lecture bas done much to remove the prejudice of the Repealers . Cards of membership were taken out by many present .

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      THE NORTHEBN ^ STAR * \ f . ^

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      _ .. i ^^ i 1 ... nrirnif ASHTON-TJKDEB-LYHS . —Mr . C . Doyle delivered a lecture in the Association Room m the above place , on Sunday evening last , to a large and , respectable audience . At the close of the lecture , a vote of thanks was given to the lecturer , for the pleasing and instructive discourse & 9 iftd delivered , sad the meeting separated , j

      §&Cmte Oxto &Tt

      § &cmte oxto &tt

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      TOTAL WRECK OF THE NELSON WOOD , AND LAMENTABLE LOS 5 OF LIFE . The intelligence of the loss of this vessel , and the lamentable saeriSce of life , was received at Lloyd ' s late on Saturday afternoon : — " Stamp Office , Clifden , County Oalway . ' Sir , —I beg leave to give you the following melancholy account of the fate of the brig Nelson Wood ( her crew and cargo ) , of Maryport , bound from Demerara to Liverpool , 309 tons register . "Shesailed fromDeaxerxra en the 18 th alt , laden with 260 tons Greenheart timber , 180 casks of sugar , 80 casks rum , and 60 casks or thereabouts of Molasses . She stranded on Moson Island , on this coast , on the morning of the 27 th instant , at half-past twelve , a . m ., and in about two hoars went t » -pieces , and ten- of the crew , including the captain , were drowned . Tbe remainder of the erew , consisting of four men , were saved by drifting on shore on a piece of tbe Wreck .

      " I have been this day on the spot where the piece of wreck and cargo came on shore , and have received these particulars from the unfortunate survivors . I fear little or , none of the cargo will be saved , there being no agent for Lloyd ' s neater than forty miles from this . Tbe owner of the vessel waa Captain William Robertson , of Maryport . The shippers of the cargo ( sugar , rice , and malasses ) , Messrs : Marry and Brothers , Deme > rara-, of the Greenheart timber , Messrs . Clark , Sparks , and Co ., of Tiger Creek , on the river Essequibo . » "The names of the crew saved are William Maxwell , chief mate , William Bonnel , second mate , Archibald M'Furon , cook , of Scotland ; Thomas Reed , seaman , North of England .

      " The names of those drowned are WilHam Ewin , captain { John Wilkinson , carpenter ; Thomas Ellis , steward ; James Earn , JahnFletcher , Hector McAllister , George MidHcote , and Wm . Cullack , seamen ; and Wm . Indeaine ( or some similar same ) and Edward , boys . ( Signed ) " Mabtiw R . Hast . " To W . Dobaon , Esq ., Lloyd ' s . "

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      Extraordinary Cri / elxy . —We have much hesitated before making public the following statement , really doubting whether our readers , from the almost incredible and revolting facts it discloses , would not conclude we were romancing and saying the thing that is not . However , we can only preface each statement

      by observing , that in giving it we pnt forth the truth as related to us , and from the quarter from which we have derived it , as , we have reason to believe , " the whole truth , and nothing but the trutb . " For reasons unnecessary to enter upon , we do not at present disclose the name of the party implicated in our recital , but we shall wait to see whether , when he shall thus discover that bis cruel and insensate conduct is known , It has th 6 effect ot rousing in him a sense of its infamy and shame , and thereby induce him at once to alter it ; and , if this should prove to be otherwise , we warn him that bis name shall be made public and in away , too , that without the possibility of mistake shall bring bring down upon him that foil measure of reprobation and- scorn be bo justly

      merit * : And now to our narrative , without further remark . It is some five years and a quarter since that the individual to whem we allude was riding a spirited young mare . He was thrown . He escaped unhurt by tbe fall ; but , incensed by tbe circumstance , he immediately exclaimed to tbe poor animal , «« D—n yon , madam , I'll make you Buffer for this ; I'll put you in solitary confinement for seven years . " These were the words actually used by him , as reported by a pprty who was in his company at tbe time ; and this thi Jat be bas literally carried into execution to the extent of five years and a quarter , and for the great portion of that period in a manner , too , distinguished by the most refined brutally . A tbree-stalled Btable was selected for tbe solitary cell of the hapless creature . The two

      Other stalls Were occupied by horses , bat tbe back of that allotted to her wes enclosed by boarding so placed that ohe could n » t turn round at all , nor lie down but by the most painful effort , and tbe excoriation of her sides in the most horrid manner . This treatment she suffered for more than three years , until at length she effected some mitigation ef her misery by kicking down the boarding at the back of her stall . It would seem that after this the abuser of the poor creature did so far relent in his feelings of vengeance towards her , as not to recommit her to her Procrustean bed , bnt no furtherj finding she had liberated herself fiomthia , be perseveres In his sentence « f " solitary confinement , " and removes the other two horses from tbe stable , thus

      giving her the entire range of the building in which to complete the remaining portion of her doom . But we have not yet related the fall inanity ot this most wicked proceeding ; the sole Cd of the wretched animal , through winter and summer , from the commencament of her- incarceration to the present time , hei been a scanty portion of grass cut by her persecutor himself ; from a neighbouring pasture , added to about half a bolting of straw for her bed ; the latter , however , we are told the poor animal first ergerly devours in preference to the cold and raw gra ? 9 , bo that not a shred of it ia v i sible in the morning ; and we are told further , also , tbaj about a twelvemonth since a lad in the employ of this inhuman man , commiserating the situation o f tbe mare , contrived one evening to make

      Cftattttfi -Emeltfgence. I

      Cftattttfi -Emeltfgence . i

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 9, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct831/page/7/