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Northern Star (1837-1852), 21st December 1844, Edition 4 of 4, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • M ALTHUSIA>* POLITICAL ECONOMY.
    • Bgi t tal Column.
    • MARKET IXTEI.LIGENX'E
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      IIollowat ' -s Oi . mmext and Pills—Mr . Samuel Coudy , a rarpentcr and builder , residing at 24 , iloughton-street ; - Glare-market , was on the 21 st ot October last , admitted a patient , -witli thi-ee dreadful ulcers on the back part of his neck , at King ' s College Hospital , and continued so up to the 24 th of March last , when he was discharged as incurable . He has , however , been radically cured ,, in a very short space of time , by the above invaluable medicines . Tim is another proof that any wound or ulcer , however dangerous , may with certainty be eured by their means , when everv other means have failed .

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      modern political economy is altogether hostile . Its essence has been variously expressed ; but all end in the same conclusion , whether it is the " HaTe I not a right to do what I like -frith mj own V of Newcastle ; the " Lord lore you , we ' re all for ourselves in this world , " of Broods ; or the " can ' t a man wallop his own nigger" of an American slave holder . To these queries the world is beginning indignantly to answer " no . " The principle of protecting the weak and helpless against the strong and powerful has been acknowledged and embodied in our legislation . Human flesh and sinews are taken out of the category ' of those things whieh mav be subjected to unlimited competition . As ret the enunciation of this fact is but indistinctly articulated The thin end of the -nredge has , however , been introduced . Bt and tore it will be driven home

      The common fallacy , so long fostered by the doctrines now under notice , that if wealth was onlj produced abundantly happiness would follow , is now seen through The terms are no more synonimous in national than in private afeirs . Wealth has been abundantly created , but happiness for the masses has notjfollowed in its train . It is beginning now to be suspected fhat those who assume to themselves the title of economists par txctUcnce , have only studied one section of the science , that of production . They have yet to begin the srudv of distribution

      Co-ordinate with these indications of growing enlightenment on this subject , there is evidently a disposition on the part of the influential aud wealthy classes to pay more attention to the physical well-being of the masses than obtained in the palmy days of Malthusianism . So long as the mortality engendered by damp dwellings , innutrinous diet , insufficient clothing , aud vicious habits , ffus rf carded as the means by which nature got rid of the " redundant population , " of course no one thought of arresting it . To have done so would have been a flat living

      i n the iaee of Pr \> s idence . >' oir , however , that more eorrv-et ideas are spreading , a more humane spirit keeps them company . Sanatory reforms take their place among the topics of the day . ilora ! health is admitted to depend on good physical conditions , improved dwellings , parks , arid public walks . Baths and Trash-houses are evidences of ihe growth of a more kindly sympathy—a better humanity , la themselves . these efforts are too fragmentary to Command unqualified approbation . Their true value is more for what they indicate than what they can accomplish .

      U nder this head may also be noticed the efforts for prometing _ the allotment and small farm system . These eiiurts proceed upon totally different bases to those assumed by the Adam Smith and Mnlthus school . Thev aim at making the labourer comfortable at home—at making dear fatherland " support all its children , and of emancipating , in a greater or less degree . Labour from the fell gripe of merciless Capital These are mere jottings—incidental memoranda - which may suggest to the reader numerous illustrations ofa similar description , " v 7 hat has been adduced , how . ever , may in the meantime warrant us in coucludi : i : our present remarks in a hopeful manner .

      The spirit of Progress broods over the chaos of Society , Peep into its breast it is infusing holier and higher 3 ^ pirations . The England that is to '* . thaV be better than the England that i . « . All the elements for realizing jhese aspirations are being gradually collected . To assist in showing their proper application , and in realizing for a ^ their results , is the object of the effort ? and writings of YofSG ESCLAKD .

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      And this is the remedy at law ! Let us sum up the results . Poverty , in vindicating itself , becomes culpable . Aristocracy , first provocators , has the law really thrown into their hands for theirbenefit . It is as though the law stepped in opportunely to remove those who might interfere with their designs . Innocence protected and avenged by law has lost four teeth , is without compensation , and the object for further attempts incited by revenge . So glaring are these instances of protection , nay , abet , ting the designs of a class , and so sedulously are all vindicatory attempts frowned down , that a graduated scale may be readily formed , showing the cost of success , with the modes of procedure and . the expense of vindication , varying with the resistance made . Always bearing in mind the invariable tendency ; of the accident of poverty to throw us in the way of the law , first to suffer and theu to be punished for suffering , we cannot fail to perceive that people must not take the law into their own hands , but if you Lave nerve and money , the law will throw itself into

      yours . The following table may be called the hill of costs of the new practice in our Metropolitan Police Courts , or the terms on which assistance will be rendered for the accomplishment of certain designs : — To seduce a young girl under the protection £ . s . d . of her father , or a wife under that of her husband , give the provocation sufficient for an assault . For a small outlay you may pursue your designs unmolested . The expense will be about 0 2 6 f We may add here , by way of parenthesis , that lest anyfurther obstacles should exist in the shape of " people taking the law into their own hands , " accommodation could be perhaps furnished at the court , say the magistrate ' s

      private room . The charge could not be heavy , ranging , we should presume , between 2 s . ] 0 d . and £ 5 , with a douceur to the reporter of the press to know nothing . ] Xot waiting for the " slow and sure" above- £ . s . d . mentioned , but attacking the girl at once , punishing her resistance with a broken jaw . Expense . . . . . , . 5 00 But for the true sweets of revenge ! If the girl charges you with attempt , ic , drive it into court for trial . Let her publish her shame , whicli everybody will believe , while her oath the court will disregard . This is her remedy at la" ! In other words , she must pay fi . r the fijnijure at least . . . 50 0 0 With a little management , it may be £ 200 or £ 300 .

      This subject requires further elaboration ; and if the editor could mid room , it would be an easy task to push it to a reductio ad a ' turdum on the one baud , and show how ready a handle it is tor despotism on the other . Lastly , viewing it in connection with democracy , we shall discover its true worth , ami a few illustrations added , drawn from history , will , it is hoped , furnish its answer , and consign it to the fate of one of the delusious of the past . J . B . L .

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      HOPE FOR LABOUR . TO THE EDITOB OF THE XOBTHEB . N STAB . * IB . —The present position of the Operative Coal Miners is very important in a rational view . If their ' plai / succeeds , it will , of course , be extensively imitated . There is no reason why Mechanics , or Spinners , or Weavers , or any other class of artisans , should not adopt the same mode of resisting unjust encroachments by their employers . Tuion is only required ; and the limitation of the hours of labour will be both easy and pleasant . It is evident that the improved intelligence of the working classes will soon consummate the downfall of commercial despotism . It was only a beginning in the rigbt direction that was required . The moment that clear and practical view should be acted upon bv the . operatives of one trade , the

      whole system of grinding tyranny would totter . That time has now arrived : the Colliers have struck the blow of fate . Tht- capitalists are aware of the fact . A hint was lately dropped in a letter copied into the Morning Herald . It v . us hintv , l that the « orking Miners wanted to cause the demand ; . » exceed the supply of labour , and then they would h ^\ e all their own way . This is a hint pregnant with the most important inferences . It ought to sink deep into the minds of all working men who may read it . The same letter contains proofs that the Mining Operatives are managing theu- a £ airs admirably . Let them go on and prosper ; and at the same time remember , that eyes are fixed on them from every town in England which has any intelligence among its inhabitants .

      The contest in which the Mining population are engaged is one of general lahour against general capital . So great may be its results , that it is impossible to predict them . >> ueh a victory as may be gained by the \> oor labourers over their rich employers , by such novel means , would serve as a striking and great precedent to the working population all over Europe and America . Its effect would be felt from Lyons to Lowell ; and its statistics would be most carefully treasured and studied by the Trader of London . Whatcver | sympathy or apathy may have been manifested towards the colliers bv the members of other Trades '

      I nions , should not be taken into much account . Almost the whole of the operative bodies are composed of poor men . Ii is with great difficulty that they can support their families out of the reduced wages they now receive ; and n > > considerate man could expect them to contribute much to any fund for general benerolence . It is highly creditabie . to them that they subscribe , so much as they do for general purposes . The struggling Miners should sustain their resolution cliieny ky reflecting on the vast benefit they will be the means of conferring on the whole human race , should they succeed in leading the way , and teaching the rest of the oppressed working people how to act . In France or Italy this sentiment would be an ample incentive , and there is no reason why it should not be equally powerful in England .

      A sn-rn resolve among the journeymen of any trade , to limit the supply of hands or hours of labour to threefourths or two-thirds of the amount constaufly in demand , would )> e sure to succeed in the object of raising wages . The prii-- - <¦ : " work once increased , and mure money being at the command of th ; work people , the rest of the details of union would be effected with greater ense . Funds would print tracts , and distribute them : and invaluable general instructions could be circulated all through the kingdom , and elsewhere . Money is notoriously the sinews of war , and particularly so In the conilieL of capital and lubuur , as labour has too long experienced . This great principle of limiting the hours of labour ouglil to be kept well before the eyes of the whole nation . It ought to be busily talked about in the smaller towns and villages , as well as the cities . There cannot be too much pre-eminence given to this all important question .

      It is to be hoped that the unanimity and firm resolve of the Miner * will not pass away : that would be a lamentable catastrophe . But , under the guidance of honest leaders . there is not much cause tofear . With regard to themselves , their sufferings have softened their hearts , and taught them to feel for each other . It is in this revulsion of feeling that adversity displays itself a jewel of the finest lustre . Prosperity makes men unfeeling , striving against each other , as all are uow , under this vicious system . Brighter days , let us hope , arc at hand for the longojjpressed pour . Crushed to the earth as they have been , hope even had almost deserted them . In the vista of the future great changes may be descried , faintly , and seeming like \ i > i . ms . Dark clouds of powrtv are drawn

      aside , and the germs of united lahour and capital are seen springing . A year or two more , and will not an anti . monopoly League be formed by the operatives , who are now deprived <> i" their just share of tin- profits of trading ? Th ' -Tv i mi ^ hl be expected , these endeavours have fa : ! ed . Tin- people must acquire all the knowledge heneticial to them through their own organs , or they will not obtain it at all . The workman aixl his employer ought to share the profits of the business they may be engaged in : ii the uiastvr seizes all the profits , and gives his workman n .-iK-, that is a most flagrant monopoly . The League will dl * co ^ tr , om- of these days , that there i > more to be learned thai , is "' dr- unit of in their philosophy . "

      The coai-owners ;; nd their connexion will , doubtless , be ver \ aotn-af this eri .-is . But no'hiiig can at ail agahis ! thf jnt-n it tiny i-einaiu steady . Shoulder t >> shoulder , siii < i Mi . T-rin ; , 1 balanced against suffering ; let them be boiil , u }» 1 , 'ht , seller- > us , aud charitable to each other : and , aixne all , h : them discourage selfishness and unfeeling conduct win never such may be shown by any of their m ^ nbers : let them behave : to each other like the peasantry do i :: the South of France . " and Italy , for example , bearing and forbearing , with kind faiin-j , and they will vrain their cause . O ' . how magnine-iH a cause , if we look at its probable n suits '

      Trades Unions will soon begin to assume a new feature . Hitherto their emerprizes have mostly terminated in defeat : but hweafH-r . with the presti-je of the anticipated CulhVrs' » ic :-, ry , they will bi enabled to auam more than has t" et l .-.-en anticipated l > y the most sanguine imaginations . 1 am , sir , \ ouv well-wisher , X .

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      Ti ! E I .. RF . AT Britain Steam-Ship . —Wednesday was appoint i'd for the passage of the Great Britain through the } i ) .-k of Cumberland basin , the last hairier to her free egress i <> the sea after her long- imprisonment . An immense- crowd of-spectators had assembled to witness an event which excited a lively interest far beyoml this j'oit . "We cannot attempt to describe in appropriate lanjjuaire the splendid appearance of the Great Britain as she entered the lock . On either side blazed ban-els of tar , with very short intervals between them , to the distance of more than two hundred yards , the illumination from which , on the giant ship , the water , and the faces of the multitude , is not to be described . She passed through at a rapid pace , of the brid

      touchin g nothing bin the rail of one ges , which was hooked by the anchor and carried away like a thread . She was moored by the side of the wing wall outside the lock for the night , to be ready for her passage down in the' morning . At about seven o ' clock in the morning , vehicles began to arrive from the country , and by eight o ' clock every possible place where there was standing room seemed , as on the night before , to be occupied by anxious gazers . At about ten minutes past eight , the Sampson steam-tug , of sixty horse power , in which was Captain Olaxton , R . N .. " was seen to take her in tow , and very' soon after the word was given to turn a-head . Slowly and maiestiealh * she left tlie entrance amidst the cheers

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      of thousands , which were re-echoed by those on hoard . It was extraordinary to see with what ease she appeared to gather way and to steer , even before two other steamers were attached , one on either side to her quarters , although the flood tide , which was against her , had not done running . Fcbther . Particulars . —( From the London daily Times . J—1 dated and despatched my hist communication from King-road , at which place we had just arrived . The Bteara was then got up , and at halfpast eleven o ' clock the screw-propeller was put | in motion . It has been objected against the use of the screw in many steamers , that its action causes them not only to steer ve , ry badly , but renders it necessary to hare more men at tlie wheel than under other

      circumstances , the steering being extremely laborious . The Great Britain ^ however , steered "like a boat " with one or two strokes of her wheel , and came round with the lielni at ; thirty degrees in a circle of less than half a mile in diameter . The superintending engineei-s , Mr . I . K . Brunei and Mr . Guppy , of course , in starting did not intend that this , the first experiment , should be one of full speedi as no new engines can be expected to have properly come to their bearing until after they have been worked for some time ; and accordingly directions were given to Mr . 11 . a . Harnian , the engineer-in-chief , to start her with six revolutions only , at which she made about four knots . Qn passing Portislusad , at twelve o clock , the revolutions were increased to 9 J per

      minute , when she . made a 6 £ log ; 10 i revolutions gave a log of" seven knots ; 10 * revolutions a rate of 7 * knots . The steam was kept at this point for some time , and then increased to twelve revolutions , when she gave eight knots as her rate of speed . At this period , being then near the Holmes , the experiment of turning her round with the helm hard down was tried ; she came round in nine minutes , making a circle of rather more than half a mile in diameter . She was then tried a second time , with the helm at only thirty degrees , when she came round in a most beautitul manner in six minutes , and in a less distance . When going the : straight course the stupendous mass answered her helm most readily , taking not more than one spoke of the wheel , and

      requiring oidyone man at it . In returning homewards the speed of the engines was gradually increased to thirteen , revolutions , tit which she gave « J knots , and 16 to 10 i revolutions , when she went through the water at eleven knots , against a strong head wind , passing easily the Sampson , the fastest paddle-boat out of the port . At this rate of going the steam was cut off by the expansion-valve at one foot , or one-sixth of the stroke , six of the fires not having been lit during the whole trip . The engines worked perfectly smooth , and without the slightest vibration or tremor being felt in any part of the vessel . The screw-propeller during these experiments was not . fully immersed , the ship ' s draught of water abaft being only fourteen feet six , and about twelve

      feet forward , and no doubt existed in the minds of any of those present versed in such matters , among whom was Mr . Smith , the original patentee of the Archimedean screw , that upon the next experiment , or when the revolutions of the engine are increased to twenty in a minute , « i speed of from twelve to thirteen knots can be easily obtained . When the vessel was going eleven knots the screw-propeller was only going twelve , making the slip or loss only oneeighth and a third per cent ., and which slip will of course be diminished when the screw-propeller is entirely immersed . ' When going at her best speed there was no swell whatever under the bows , her stem cutting through the water just as the fastest Thames boats do , The whole experiment lasted five hours ; and in every particular the vessel

      realized the most sanguine expectations . I have been thus minute , because in the construction of this vessel a number of new and startling theories were propounded , ' and because she has excited so much attention in the scientific world , First , her immense length and size were entirely novel , then the construction of such a leviathan of iron entirely ; and then her mode of propulsion , and the novelty of her engines , have together rendered her an object of very great curiosity . It was first said that she would never steer—it is proved that she steel's not only most easily , but that a single helmsman has a complete command over her ; then it was said , that from the immense mass of iron , the magnetic influence and the local attraction would be so great that they would be unable todepeud upon their compasses ; but a variety of experiments haying been made to-compensate or correct the magnetic variations , thev have corrected

      the principal en-ore , and the local attraction is found even now to be intich less than tl «\ t which exists on board wooden ships . It was also objected that the noise of the chains passing over the drums , to give motion to the screw by which she is propelled , would bo so great as to prove an annoyance to the passengers . This , however , has been completely avoided , the chains and wheels upon which they work revolving without noise , and what is still moi-e desirable , there is a complete absence oi vibration in the ship . While at the llolnies , Captain C'lnxton , the superintending director , and Mr . ( hippy , invited the company t <) partake of an excellent dinner , and about seventy ladies and gentlemen sat down in her spacious saloon ; Captain Ilosken presiding ? . The Great Britain then steamed to Kingronu , where she ca « t anchor for the first time at about six o ' clock in the evening ; the persons on board of her and the crews of the various vessels lying in the roadstead greeting her with heartv cheers .

      DmoovEitv or Roman Axri ^ t rn cs . — There was lately discovered near Lilly-horn , adjoining the highway from Oakridge-conunon , in a field tailed tlie "Church-piece land , " Bisk-v , the property of T . Baker , Esq ., of ; WatercomWhouse , an extensive range of Roman ' chambers , whose communications with each other were distinctly marked ,-and which in part exhibited the supports and bases ' of tesselated doors . They were bounded on one side by ; v wall ot great thickness , but the limits of the whole have not yet been ascertained . There were various sorts ot ancient brickwork , < tc . ; and there were picked up many fragments of red and coloured glazed pottery , having various figures on them , antique glasses ,. many little implements , ' ¦ ¦ such as tweezers , &c , the root of a stag ' s horn , of unusual size , sawetf off at the ends , a quantitv of stag ' s , shceps and other bones , and two

      perfectly-defined sacrificing knives . On the outside of the wall , not more than six inches below the surface , was a round earthen pot , almost fitting a globe . of metal , which was , in' fact , a concretion of coins , to the munbiTof 1 , 22 S . Some of these are preserved in the state of cohesion they were found in , and the whole form a complete series of second and third bra . s , iiio . » tl y in the ) n-st -preservation , irom the reigns of Valerian to Alleetus inclusive , comprehending the Roman lSritish emperors , or usurp ers , or at least those who arc not usually reckoned in the imperial list . They are most abundantly those of Tetrii'Us pater ,- Tetricns filiu . s , and Victorinus ; next to them of Galliciiu .- * , Claudius , ajid l ' ostamus , Tacitus , Probus , Aurdianus , Maximianus , rioriamis , Carinus , Diocletianus , Salouina , Xuinerianus , Carus , Mai-ius , Seycrina , Valerian , < iuinti ! Iu « , (' arau > iu ^ , and AMretus . — tifiji > c <\< t ¦ ¦ /' .- ' /)/ iv ( 'I , rani <•!>' .

      New Method or DairE < rist ; Arntxic . — M . Uevan , a scientific chemist , has indicated the following as a certain process lor detecting the presence of arsenic . Into a narrow tube is to be put a certain quantity ot nitric acid , diluted with -our times its weight in water , tilling the tube to half its depth . Into this is to be iiitruiiuc-eii a rod of ' ciean copper . Un the top of the liiju ' nl is to be poured some melted tallow , which , on becoming cool , forms a diaphragm , that separates tlie upper part ut the copper rod from that which is plunged in the acid . Un the surface of ( he diaphragm is to l > c pjaeed the arsenical matter , ; md at the end of six hours all the arsenic that is in it will he found separated , and adliiTiug to the rod . By means ol this process M . Bi van attirms that the -quantity of arsenic in the matter" put into the tube . may be ascertained cv *\> i to the JUflth part « f a i , 'ivii . v . A rod ot zinc , he adds , will give the : > anie result , and even more primiptlv . — ' O ' ulnj ; i < uii .

      Mammoth Steam Electrical MArni . vi-:. —An hydroelectric machine of the most- extraordinary and unprecedented power is now being constructed -for ' the United States . ' it will be able to produce a spark of 30 inches , to coat 3 , 500 feet of metallic surface , hi a battery of 48 Leyden jars , of 2 feet high by 10 inches in diameter . This shock would kill a thousand men in an instant , if it were passed , through such a chain ! This machine will be more than fourttmes as powerful as the one exhibited at tlie Polytechnic institute , London , and is now by far the most powertiiL instrument in the world . The name of this Leviathan machine is to be the " Benjamin Franklin ; " and as it will not l > e shown at all in Europe , America will possessd , exclusively this magnificent , unequalled instrument . It will leave the manufactory for the United States early in the year .

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      Horticulture . —We have lately experienced a severe frost , the thermometer having fallen , . on the morning of Friday the ( jtli inst ., to 20 degrees which indicates 12 degrees of frost . From that time to the middle of last week , the frost continued , though with less severity , night and day . During such lengthened periods of frost , when considerable artitu-ial heat niu . st be employed , greenhouse plants require liberal supplies of water , and the atmosphere should not be allowed to get too dry . It Wns but a few days ago that we were glad to eui-ploy fire heat to neutralise the excessive dampness of the external atmosphere . Now it becomes

      equally necessary to guard the plants from injury through unnatural and excessive dryness of the air . In the proper , management of these matters very much of the skill of the gardener is exhibited , and to ensure success great diligence , care , and observation are requisite . Out of doors there are but few operations which such weather will admit of ; there are , however , some tliinga for which it is favourable enough—thus , for instance , manure and composts may be wheeled into the quarters where they are needed , or to the clumps on the lawn or flower-garden , for which operation the hard state of the walks , mould and turf , are favourable . In the case of manure , it sJwuJd be kept as much in heaps as possible , or by

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      exposure to the wind and rain it will Jose much of its value . Heaps ot' manure may be ^ turned over to accelerate then- decomposition , and in like manner heaps of compost may be turned in order to mix them thoroughly , and to keep them sweet , destroy worms , < fcc . Materials for the compost-yai-d may be collected , mixed , and laid up in heaps to rot . —The Greenliouse Some of the early tulips and narcissus will now be showing their flowers , and the hyacinths are pushing up pretty strongly . A fresh batch of the Butch bulbs may now be brought into the house in order to

      succeed the forward ones . These , With the plants of the Chinese primrose and cineraria , may be treated to a little guano water occasionall y . —Tlie Flowergarden . The moment the weather breaks , uncover the frames and pits , and sparingly supply with water any of the plants that are quite ! dry ; and if quite mild , leave the lights off fora few hours . — The KUgJien parden . Attend to the cauliflower and lettuce plants in frames , and give them plenty of air when the weather will permit . See that jtlie potato clumps and the stores of roots of various '; kinds are well secured from frost . —Bell's Weekly Messenger .

      ^ Christmas Cheer . —At Woodbridge market , on Wednesday , was shown ,, by Mr . W , Brinkley , a calf of seventeen months old , fatted by Mr . John Cook , of Martlesham , weighing upwards of sixty stone . Also , by the same butcher , tliree other beasts from Mr . S . Toller ' s , of Gedgra \ e , weighing upwards of ninety stone each , the latter of . which obtained prizes at the last agricultural show . j Value of Furze . —The value of furze as an . article of provender for cattle has been frequently spoken oi \ and the following , from a Swansea journal , seems to prove that the agriculturists are beginning to be of the same opinion : — " Mr . David Jenkins , Bettns , Carmarthenshire , has lately disposed of a field of furze at the following high prices : —The first lot fetched 3 d . per yard , which is equal to £ 60 per acre , and the remaining lots were disposed of , at 2 id . a yard , which is equal to £ 52 10 s . peraci ; e . The furze was of two years' growth , and the kits ' to be carried off the field previously to the first of March next . "

      ruExcH Eggs . —The egg merchants of Cherbourg are about to avail themselves of the facilities for a quick and cheap transit offered } by the railway to London , to import their eggs into Southampton , instead of going to London . A small French sloop , the Napoleon , arrived in the dock about two o clock on Thursday afternoon , with a cargo of about 400 , 000 eggs in cases , some of whielij were landed and forwarded to London that evening . —Hampshire Imlepeadent . \

      Extraordinary Wheat Crops !—A correspondent of tho Norwich Mercury communicates the following account of some extraordinary ' crops of wheat : — " The land ( under five acres ) lies in Happisburgh , contiguous to a homestead belonging to G . Wilkinson , Esq ., North Walsham , whose ; intelligent steward , Dueker , took the greatest possible pains to ascertain the exact quantity produced , and also the exact measurement of the field , to obviate any doubt to the perversion of truth . It was Spalding wheat , and the product one hundred and ten qoombs two bushels , being nearly twenty-two coombs ( a coomb is four bushels ) and a half per acre . Such a productive crop has probably never been produced from any given

      quantity ot land within the memory of the oldest Norfolk agriculturist , and many , many years may elapse before a similar instance can be recorded . The cast of wheat in this neighbourhood generally , the product of this year , is reallvj excellent . Mr . K . Cully , Bacton , has some land which produced seventeen coombs per acre , and lands in this and the adjoining village of Wilton , belonging to Lord Wodehouse , which generally produces eight or nine coombs , and last year only from five or seven , has this year produced twelve coombs per acre . The cast and quality of the barley , which was Iconsidered likely to have been extremely indifferent , has proved quite the contrary . "—livr » J ' oft . )

      Produce of a Cow . —tfToithe Editor of the Mark Ijouc Expires ) . —Sir , — Having read in your journal of the : ir < i of June last , that a cow belonging to Mr . James Gcach , of Penvouiider , in the parisli of Sithney , has produced 350 lbs . of , butter it \ the preceding year , 1 have been induepd to send you the following account of produce I ! have bad from a cross-bred Alderney and Durham cow in one year . She calved the first week in November , 1343 ; from that time to tho . 'Jlst October , [ 1844 , produced upwtirds of (? oOlbs . of butter ; for a considerable time after calviiifr , gave 17 lbs . per week ; and she is at this time giving 81 bs . per week . 4-1 am , siv , your obedient servant . Edward Campion-.

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      London Corn Exchange , Monday , Dec . 16 . — 'lhe arrivals of all kinds of grain ( British as well as Foruigii ) were exceedingly small during tite past week , and fresh up for this day ' s market there was a moderate show of wheat samples by land carnage from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk . Of barley the quantity offering was tolerably good , and the display of beans and peas rather liberal , but of oats there were scarcely any fresh up . After nearly a fortnight of sharp frost a rapid thaw set in yesterday , and the dampness of the atmosphere had an unfavourable effect on the condition of the grain this morning . English wheat < was held at rather enhanced ratjes in the early part of the day , and in partial instances superior qualities brought a trifle more money , but the trade closed languidly at the currency of Monday last . Foreign free wheat was taken off slowly . The quantity of really fin £ quality in warehouse here being , however , small , holders demanded very full terms . Flour met

      a dull salo , and quotations remained nominally unchanged . Barley excited comparatively little attention , but factors wore generally ycry linn , refusing to acce . pt lower prices than on thisiday se ' nnight , either for English or free foreign . The trifling business passing in malt was at precisely similar rates to those previously obtained . The bare state of the oat market induced holders -to ask more money , but tlie dealers wore if possible even more cautious than l ; i * t week , and the operations were | not-of sufficient importance to warrant alteration in quotations . Beans hung very heavily on hand , andjmust again be noted Is . per qr . cheaper . ( Jrey and maple peas were also ea > ier to buy , but white , owing th their scarcity , were held at fully former prices . In < bond nothing of interest transpired . The demand for both red and white clover-seed was inactive ; to-day , and prices nearly " nominal . In other articles no particular ch ; nlire occurred . ]

      London Smitjifiki . p M . vnKET , ; Mondav , Deo * . 16 . — This being the day appointed 'for holding what is termed the "Great Christinas Market , " more than the usual bustle attendant on Such interesting occasions was observed at an early ; hour , and continued throughout the morning . Arfimight be expected , from the tine frosts-experier . ccdjfor some time past , iuu \ the consequent favourable ktiitf of the weather for slaughtering , the graziers \ yore tolerably certain of realising more remunerative prices for the stock , especially ' the beasts , than we , ; have reported fora lengthened p eriod , in this expectation they were , however , in a great measure ; disappointed , for the atmosphere having suddenly become mild , many ot the butchers in attendance , the ! number of whom was

      er . eciMlinf . 'ly great , refused to purchase at anything like tho asking quotations , some of which were high in the extreme . Hence the beef trade was , the time of year considered , in a very sluggish state , with the exception of a few of the tinek animals , producing liii . h rates , which we shall hereafter notice . The highest general fiVuve did not exceed 4 s . ( 5 d ., ycr 8 \ h . In noth-ini ? tho prodigies" ot ] the show of beast . " , we have to refer with very great pleasure to tlie t , irteen most wonderful Durhams and short horns sent by Sir (' . Knijihtlcy , which for symmetry and v .-ZJit ' were never cxi-ejlcd by any stock brought totit-tU « -i- for eoinpotitiini i" any cattle yard in England . Tin *! ' extnioiifiiiary t > e . v ; s , thcjwhole of whicli were under live vears old . were the admiration of all

      beholders , while there was only one of them under 200 stones (^ lb . ) -Th e next in importance , as to quality , were the thirty Hereford * and Sussex beasts , the propt-rty of Mr . Senior , ot" F . ioughtoii House , near Aykslniry . Many of them weighed upwards of 250 stones , and were sold at from £ . 30 to £ l > 0 iiCr head . Mr . Senior , it will bo noticed , was a successful exhibitor at the club ' s show . We have i . uw to notice the forty-three IJerclimLs t * fiird by . Mr . Rowland , of Cre ^ i'jw . This stoek , considering the number >« hown by one gentleman as his otwi property , was decidedly the best in the market , thouyhhve consider that one "f ' tlie Ilerefords Mild by Mr . Senior was superior to anything we almost ever saw . - ; Mr . Rowland exhibit ' ed an animal which carried oil" one of the prizes

      « it a local show a few weeks *\ r , ly . Mr . Ginner had the culc'oratcd short-horn whicli carried off the £ 3 >) pme , as awarded by the Sinithfield club . This , and three others—viz ., a short-homjaud two Ilereiurdswere , greatly aad deservedly admired . Mr . Morgan had the largest , and perhaps the most astonishing show of beasts of any salesman ! in the market , consisting of short-horns * Devons , llcrefords , &c , belonging to Win . lioodale , Esq ., of . Deeping , Lincolnshire ; Wallett Goodalc , Esq ., of Peterborough ; Wni . Thomas , Esq ., of llulboach , Lincolnshire ; R . Cook , Em ( ., Portland , Lincolnshire ; \ Vm . Wiseman , Esq ., Moulton , Lincolnshire ; J . Copland , Esq ., Lincolnshire ; and other large breeders . ] Mr . Yorley ' s stand was filled with many cxtremelyjgood animals , whieh were sold at high prices . Having particularised the

      best boasts in tins great exhibition , we slia . 'l now proceed to take a general retrospect of the supply . On many former occasions we ] have had to notice a great preponderance of some breeds , especially the lk-relbrds , over the others , both as respects number and quality ; but to-day there was more evenness in them than we ever recollect . On the whole , however , the Hereford * stood at the top' of the poll , both in weight and symmetry . The next in importance in these particulars , were the Devons , next the Durhams , the next the short herns , and the next the Scots . In speaking of the lasi breed , it U placed beyond a doubt that the show this morning v . as the very best ever noticed . As to the number of beasts brought forward , it considerably exceeded that ou the great days of thl two wist veai > , as is rhiisj&huwu : —

      Untitled Article

      A ' umbers exhibited in the Great Days of 1842 , 1843 , and 1844 . 1842 1843 1344 . Beasts ..- 4541 4510 5713 From the above it will be seen that we had a larga supply here this morning , and yet the quality was quite equal to any we have ever before witnessed . Iu reporting upon the prices obtained here this morning , and those obtained in tho corresponding market in 1843 , we find very little difference in them , they ruling as under : — Great day in 1843 . Great day in 1844 . s . d . s . d . s . d . s . d . Beef , per 81 b 3 3 4 4 2 10 4 6 Mutton 28 4 4 2 10 4 4 Veal 3 4 4 6 3 4 4 4 Pork : 3 0 4 0 3 0 4 0

      Had the weather been more favourable than it turned out , we are quite of opinion ,, notwithstanding the immense numbers brought forward , that better prices woHld have been obtained for the beasts . We now come to the sheep . In this description of stock a very great improvement was noticed ; indeed , so fine a collection ot half-breds was scarcely ever known on such an occasion as the present . Mr . Weall had on offer forty wonderful Downs and ten Gloucester , the property of E . F . Wittingstall , Esq ., of Langlejr Bury , Herts . The fonner , which weighed on an average about twenty stone ( 81 b . ) . and produced £ 5 per head , were almost unrivalled , while the latter exceeded tliirty stone ( Sib . ) , and found buyers at £ 6 each . Mr . Weall had , likewise , forty- polled and

      fifty Down ewes , belonging to Mr . Rowland , of Creslow , which realised high prices . In the other portions of the supply of sheep there was nothing calling for particular remark . As to the mutton trade it was in a very sluggish state , yet the currencies obtained on this day se ' nnight , the highest being 4 s . 4 d . per 8 ib ., were suppor ted . Very few foreign beasts or sheep were on sale , and there was scarcely any inquiry for them . The imports for the United Kingdom since Monday last , have amounted to 180 oxen and cows , and 200 sheep , in for the most part good condition . The bullcck droves fresh , up to-day

      consisted of 2500 short-horns from Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and Northamptonshire ; 600 Scots , &c , from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire ; 1000 short-horns , Here fords , Devons , Durhams , &c ., from the Western and Midland districts ; 600 various breeds from other paits of England , 300 from Scotland ; while of Irish beasts the number was about 120 . The numbers of calves were good , while the veal trade ruled heavy , at last week ' s prices . In pigs , at least three-fourths of which were from Ireliuid , very little was doing at our quotations . At the close of the market nearly the whole of the stoek was disposed of .

      Smiihfield Hay Markets—Coarse meadow hay , £ 3 13 s . to £ 4 15 s . ; useful ditto , £ 1 16 s . to £ 5 4 s . ; fine Upland ditto , £ 5 os . to £ 5 10 s . ; clover hay , £ 4 10 s . to £ «; oat straw , £ 1 12 s . to £ 1 14 s ; wheat straw , £ 1 15 s . tos £ 1 16 per load . Supply but moderate , and trade rather dull . Wiiitecuafel . —Coarse meadow hay , £ 3 12 s . to £ 4 Hs . ; useful ditto , £ 4 15 s . to £ 5 4 s- ; fine Upland ditto , £ 5 os . to £ 5 10 s . ; clover hay , £ 4 JOs . to £ (>; oat straw , £ 1 12 s . to £ 1 14 s . ; wheat straw , £ 1 14 s . to £ 1 . 16 s . per load . Trade throughout inactive , at our quotations .

      Southall , Dec . 18 . —We had rather an extensive supply of fat stock here to-day , both as to number and q uality . Prime qualities were in good request at full prices , but , otherwise , the trade was heavy . Beef , from 2 s . lod . to 4 s . 6 d . ; mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 6 d . ; veal , 3 s . 4 s . to 4 s . 2 d . : and pork , 2 s . 8 d . to 3 s . 8 d . per 81 bs . Supply : —Beasts , 1 , 100 ; sheep , 1 , 629 ; calves , 49 : pigs , 51 . Romford , Dec . 18 . —rTliere was a full average tiineof-year supply of stock here to-day , yet the trade was steady at our quotations . Beef , from 3 s , to 4 s . 6 d . ; mutton , 2 s . lod . to 4 s . 4 d . ; veal , 3 s . 4 d . to 4 s . 2 d . ; and pork , 3 s . to 3 s . 6 d . per 8 lbs . Suckling calves , 13 s . to 30 s . ; quarter-old store pigs , 16 s . to 20 s . ; and milch cows , with their small calf , £ 16 to £ 19 each . Lewes , Dec . 17 . —Beef , from 2 s . lOd . to 4 s . 6 d . ; Mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 4 d . ; Veal , 3 s . 8 d . to 4 s . ; and Pork , 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . 8 d . per 8 lbs . Supply good and trade firm .

      . COltX AVERAGES . —General average prices of British corn for the week ended Dec . 14 , 184 i , made up from the Returns of the Inspector in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales , per Imperial Quarter . Wheat - 45 s . Id . Oats - 21 s . lid . I Beans - 3 ffs . 9 d . Barley - 34 s . 5 d . Rye - 32 s . Od . | Pease - 36 s . Id . Manchester Corn Market , 'Saturday , Dec . 14 . — The improved feeling apparent in the flour trade last week baa continued throughout the present , and , with an animated demand for the article , which has considerably reduced the previous accumulation of stock in factors' hands , rather higher prices have , in some instances ( for approved marks ) been realized . There has likewise been a good inquiry for both oats and oatmeal , the continued scarcity of which haa enabled holders to obtain somewhat enhanced rates . At our inarket this morning rather more disposition was manifested "to purchase wheat , and we raise our

      quotation Id . to 2 d . per 70 Ibs . Flour met a tolerable free sale , and the dealers and bakers were compelled to pay a slight advance on the rates which would have been previously accepted . Both oats and oatmeal were in steady request , the former at an improvement of fully Id . per 45 lbs . and the latter 6 d . per 24 "lbs . In beans out little change can be noted . Liverpool Corn Market , Monday , Dec . 16 . — With easterly winds we have to report very small arrivals of grain to this port : the steamers have brought shipments of oatmeal and flour from Ireland , but of these , too , the quantities for the week are moderate . The duty on foreign rye has advanced to 9 s . Od . per quarter ; the rates of impost on all other articles remain as noted last week . Throughout the week the trade has been very firm , and , upon a moderate demand , full prices have generally been obtained . We have had little choice of new wheat :

      whilst of oats the market has been exceedingly bare , and though , in limited request they have realized an advance of Id . to 2 d . per bushel , 3 s . 2 d . per 45 lbs . having been paid for good mealing . Oatmeal also has brought 6 cl . per load above the quotations of this day se ' nnight . Flour has sold more freely , and on rather better terms . No change as respects barley , beans , or peas . A few parcels of United States sweet flour have been sold , in bond , at 17 s . to 17 s . 6 d . per barrel . Newcastle Corn Market , Dec . 14 . —At our market this morning we had an extremely large supply of wheat from the growers , but the arrivals coastwaya being trifling , sales were readily made at fully last week ' s prides . The high comparative rates at which

      south country qualities were held j caused our millers to be very circumspect in their pure ' iases , many holding off in anticipation of doing better when the expected supplies come to hand , which are understood to be considerable . Foreign continues tobe held with increased firmness , as may be shown by the fact of 56 s per quarter having been refnsed for a parcel of fine oldDantzic of the crop , 42 . Bonded has attracted some little attention ; two cargoes are reported to have been sold , viz ., one of Conisberg to 30 , and another of mixed Dantzic to 33 , weighing 31 lbs p _ er bushel . For Hour there was a j ; cod inquiry , choice household being readily saleable at 35 s , and , extra

      whites from 37 s to 38 s per sack . Barley may be quoted a shade higher ; and from the circumstance of the recent foreign arrivals being about cleared off , with no probability of receiving any further accession till the spring , we think it not improbable that the best south country qualities will improve a little in value . Malt without change . In beans little doing . Boiling peas rather more inquired after , and choice breakers are held for an advance of Is to 2 s per qr . Notwithstanding there w .-rs a very liberal supply of new oats from the country , the whole , met a ready sale at price « rather exceeding those of this day se ' nnisiht . Old oa the contrary , were no dearer , and in limited request owing to our large consumers being fully stocked .

      York Cop . s Market , Dec . 14 . —We have a fair attendance of fpiiuers to-day . Wheat meets a ready sale , at Is . per qr . over the rates of last week / and we have a firm market for all other articles in the trade , with a tendency to advancing prices . Malton Corn Market , Dec . 14 . —We have a good supply of wheat and barley , of oats moderate , to this day ' s market ; wheat is Is to 2 s higher ; barley and oats without alteration . —Red wheat , new , 43 s to 493 ; old ditto , 50 s to 53 s ; ditto white , new , 51 s to 56 s ; old ditto , 53 s to 56 s per qr . of 40 stones . Barley , 28 s to 30 s per qv . of 3 'J st . Oats , 9 * d to 10 H per stone .

      Leeds Cork Market , Tuesday , Dec . 17- —Our supplies of wheat and barley are fair ; of oats and bean 3 they are rather short this week . Wheat is in steady demand , and last week ' s prices are well supported ; barley is offering rather freely , and only the best qualities are taken at last week ' s prices , —inferior descriptions , of which much of the supply consists , are held over . Oats and beans are firm , at late rates . The frost has left us , and we now have the weather mild for the season . THE AVERAGE PRICES OF WHEAT , FOR THF . WEEK EN'DI . NG DECEMBER 17- 1844 . Wheat . Bdrh-u . Oats . Rtie . Beot ^ s . Peas . ( in . Qrs . * yrs . Qrs . Qrs . Qrg . 617-i ' -IWffi 412 0 418 84 £ s . d . £ s . cf . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . 2 6 51 1 13 10 J 1 131 0 0 0 1 . 17 Hi 1 19 9

      Leeus Cloth Market . —Though the markets still maintain the same character , prices remain steady . Heavy goods have the best demand , but the call even for these cannot be called extensive . Sanguine hopes , however , are entertained of improved markets with the new year , although for the present , manufacturers seem more inclined to curtail than increase their operations .

      Untitled Article

      Diecehbeb 21 , 1844 . THE NORTHERN STAR . , . ' j 7

      M Althusia&Gt;* Political Economy.

      M ALTHUSIA >* POLITICAL ECONOMY .

      Untitled Article

      ixl errorsare mischievous jT > ut some are more dangerous ttan © tiers . Tliej are not only directly , but -coHateralW jjjiarious—roots from whence evQ ramifies in dl direcjjon-s Eke the Indian tree , whose branches descend to the £ 33211 , take root , and throw on : other branches which follow the same law , aad at length overspreads acres with its -nut shade—a forest ia itself .

      Of this character is the doctrine of 3 TA 1 THU 5 iriQl rerard to population . It holds the same position , and psrfj ^ ais the same facetious in modem Political Economy , 35 ihe doctrine of original sin in Theologr . Upon each , as iabal doctrines , rests the whole superincumbent m . iss jf in : firanfiatioa t » e remoTed the whole must tumble to { he ; nv ; uKi , -as easaj as the fragile houses of cards which £ h 2-ireii l-uild up for ths pleasure of knocking them down

      Hvralisis hare been lor centuries in the habit of decbtaniS against human selfishness : philanthropists have jnourocil over human sufferings . The Malthusian philosmAt uroved both 10 have been foolishly as well as tseJe ^ flj engaged . In two octaTO volumes it was elabo ratrir anrue-d that selfishness was true benerolence , and pifFerii ? -he irremediable result of the decrees of an Ctemrj > - 'ieiit Providence . Not all the sermons ever prsadifl by bishops of the church of which ilr . Malthus jras a minister , were half so efficacious in propping up a jrytfiii based upon injustice as The carefnll y-comiinrd sKrs . bv v . liieh it -ttas shotvn that people bred too fast

      j ^ -cIjUt the " l-nrir order * . " whose " early marriages " Y . ire lif sole cause of their degradation and desritudon . Jhi statexaent that it "was a law of nature that population should outstrip subsistence—ihe one increasing- ia a psvraetncal , the other in an arithmetical ratio—backed as j- wz- by plausibilities aiid a formidable array of nsrures . -jva > hailed as a Godsend bj all -who fattened on the labour i > f others . Tlir drones in the hire had ai last w : a cv _ rls > ivc answer !*> the grumblings of the -i gnomnt " and "iinreasonnbie mob . " The unremitting toil—si-any rlrtaare . pauper ' s doom , and earlr death , so ffeneraliv

      STrardeU !• _» Lne " workers , * " were naturals n . i int-citaVU Tb _ - 1-orrible injustice iafiicted upon them , vra ^ shifit-d tro : n « 2 e : Vcrh e human institutions to an inscrutable and irresistible jw-vwer ; and henceforward a weapon was pu > iaty the hands of the wealthy and privileged clashes . i >;> which they could siie 2 . ee all complaints , answer all objec—oas , aye , auQ f ^ tn satisfy ths "sri !! small liw . " within . Hiroger , disease , and early death were rife : " ' - > great pity , but it couldn ' t be helped . "" God had se ordained ir : and these terrible sconnres were t > nt the iristrumeiits br which he worked out his supreme wi ! L

      So woader thai such a doctrine as Thi < sbjuldiiJ e ¦ ban eacerlj a 3 optc-d Bt the rich of all rretnls and j > i >] iia cal opinions . 2 » o wonder that it met a more rapid anJ uniTi-rsal acceptation than set theory ever before jirvpo-isded to the wurld : it made everything so ^ :: u-z : qiisried uneasy consciences so jncel f : aad luij such a pioai and unans-B-erable appearance . .. Vbon ! the same time , Adam Smith popnlarised the ideas

      d : formiT irriters on Political Economy , and gave the sviU-ni that consistency and SHin ;; up which , until then , i : larkri Jiis doctrines , expanded and amplified bv various suixir ^ n ^ m wrilfrs . haj an almost equallv ready rt-ccpliun- ^ "by : Because they pandered to the srlasnness ens--jrdered by antagonistic interests , and , in more measured , if less plain and pithy language , inculcated tha " piiniiplc rvitich AJdsrmaa Bn-jks izis sintrsr made St > sjm .. n ; "Lord love t-. u * -sr ^ ' re all ibr ourselves in This

      TVWia ' - Scrh i . j-jilort ? wvre too congenial not to speedily f : nd co-v ^ rts and advocates . They became the soul of uiir lesisiatiun and commerce . Thev multiplied -wealth liiiu psverry simultaneoui-ly . The boundaries of knuwietlct an-l science were extended-: but the masses still sat in the Eidst of tticV darkness . Frc = h powers fur jirtrluri : ; - wealiL tTixe invented and set to work , which euabltrd oae icsu :-j jinjiinc- is runeh iu a . given time as Syy siier : cjujJ have dune trillion : th-ir aid ; and then Politico ! Economy doomed the orrf man to longer hours of labour fUr less rcm ^ infcratioii in return tiuxn he had to endure when simplv a manual worker .

      and creating only two-hundredth part of the wcalili . "Women , and even tender childhood , -were pressed i 2 t ^> the service of iltaimon . The scattered homes of tie domestic manufacturers , ivith their comfortable gardens an 3 ~ Lit of land" oalside , -sjibsrantia ] ijrridria-ei jt ^ -i ; ailrd meal chests , jolly looking flitchc * , and luse :.. uham * inside , gradually disapi > eared . They were succeed-.. i > T the huge factory , -with its bell to summon iis rnvrjad labourers from thr thickly-clustered lanes and alleys aronnu ; iis locktrd Hoots , interior slavery , aail ab ~ L-3 n * c dependence . Man brcame the slave of his own invention . He had created a new TrankeiiStein , which threatened to di > v > . ar T-. TTn "

      2 scvcr has the world seen , in so short a period . f « grts-t a revolution as that effected by the inventions of Har-^ reaves , Artwright . atts , Cronspton , Carttrright , ard Ik-bens . Political revolutions pass like the hun-iem * or earthqi ^ ke—produce terror and death in thtir progre s-. and leave their ruins behind to witness to their destruiri .. p-Tvers . But how poor and superficial is any j «> liiic ^ rerolution to that effected Vy the new mechaiat-al ami scientific powers , introduced by the men we Lave liaut-u aad their eo-liojoiirers I Th * one is but mechanical ; list other , to use the -ivvrds of Bacon , " eats hie a strong do ? -.- ' intoth ? s * ml of < i « -ierr .

      Hid a better and higher philosophy of social actiui : acevmT-a ^ ird -tiT * nuE'JcrfrJ and magnificent cr-. atiuii 'A ne-n j-vWfcr , we might , 1-jng ere this , have had the j > tvj . lr placed in the enjoyment of wealth and leisure : but un . fortuuii ^ T . sclijsimess in the guise of philosophy ivi » t 2 tra--e < l - ^ -ith it = dir = M .-t 5 « n—ar . d tht s-orry . the lameuta'ble ^ -m .-e-jiieiis-es LJe but to- _ > apparent . IVu .-a arc :,- _ >! re-jsistr to oje ritht-r in wen ur systems . 2 dmlt-ra pyhta £ & 3 troaynjT anortis a irood illustration of the trail ) . > carrr 2 T hixf a c-nmry olil—ii alreaay exhibits e-ior , . synspt- ia of d ^ Trpirnde . ' It frnx nrteriv fail-.-d ' ¦ >

      vrizz'S-r fi . ? ? j- > .-. ji " vii-K-hig—with resources at its fiinmajiti far tl ' j ii ^ so . ii ^ -icr pariilicltrd . A stream t . f v . etd : <; ririier , more uniTtie . *''^ " tlse pactolus of classical £ :: > j-& £ ? r «> wtrd int .. society ; but it has neither enlarged its i- - servuir- r ..-r vrovid-.-d mlvi : uatt outlets . The waters a- \ arcuiazi ^ ted anj accuinuL » tin £ in daagerou ^ ^ iud uahe&ithy isasses in > oine few jieuxt . while th = iu - ^ u ? : j . rop " - * rti--zi is Lni tLirsrr . ; rai ) iu ; r with cracks for ivaj : ! <> : t&c rcni : >;; t nif . i .-rurc Indeed , even fume of tLt- f- > r--BJ j ? t ^ iij . porters . jf the philosophy begin to see tind adniK tli ^ iu-r i ^ , JUt- of tj . e nvit startling and j . romuie :: " aiiu ^ u . -r- icrL-ytlsm rj-. IEiiinvi ! - * ' V »' jth ina-r- ;;< iri ^ r = _ :- ; - tai . * " = ^ j . ^ bt-j . - zl ± ~ r _ i = a t ^ ii . J-.-n « r-. t't itsarri ^ riila " : ' -:: ; . tl :- tiiii . ^ - 'JI ? I 3 e > - -r ; ^ uCCVUiyiillivd b * - & CVTreSp-tUUiii - ' - r ic-n . : s -. f ii . < . r » i ; 'Iino :: of rii ' - mail * - " " Tl . < r pr-. L . ;~ : u t ^ r j > i— -- * li- ^ vi -- * ilj- ; ijisrl * cs i * _ > > y ] -. c i > , hov . i-j reine * U thii -ii ; - ; i : :- -f */ It rtHiedif-iI . An advance of tl . r pi <;> u .:,-EinOI in - . Hi r . irrction i > nut less ¦ biWj ? t ] .-.. tl - >• - Cvi : ; :-.:. -. J ' j > -.:. ; -, j ; r ^ t . if lies ^ -crar ; . Ita ^ triuu . i 5 i--i * - ' ~ * ' - -z : i in Lh- _ »_ -ne instaiitre , iiumaiiiiv h . 11 ? r . < j 3 v - - i" ' ~ r > -zzi \ u ]> m : ; x-vn-l-owelieil lLJtliu ^ iani >! ii "n tin-( 1 ~ ~~ Th' - £ iit ]; of it- v .-rujieS i ^ on the -vvnne ; T " r ; t eVt- » b $ - ^ " 2 W "; r are n :-Te v . iicly oj > en--d tu it > iillai -j ~ ; &r i . : , .. f -. K- ; .. v r-.-Azs at its sein ^ L ^^ ss ^ ..-i crurlr . The I > r-A P » ,., r Lav . Ani _ -3 'lrri = r ! i Act , v . liir-ii t . ^ -

      It-£ ^ - - - - -i ^ lati ^ e triunipii , i > sated to be the iu ? t : v-:-i .:: ff its r 3 . nrfall . I : has sxl ^ bi tcd s ., unmistakeal-i . . ali ii - lit , at t - 'U t'i , d-.-jicir ? . and its niter I ; --ide / ju ^ o \ to iu-. t - the ~ . ^ ii _ an j tt-onuiiiical rc ^ cireiaenii of theacc , that i ! - a : ad ivv : o is certain . P <_ r »^ . ]> 5 , to- > , the uukirj .-sr K " -v tr-r ^ Tn . r--3 at the j-- ] talalio !) t ! :-. H > ry of iljLTUr > , La" ^^ - " - - by ih-j sx-sctarv of the very c- ' iinmii .-: i .: i v . i , ici ; . ** i * i - J- - iz-1 ' . - : Lor-l Uroughiiin , brought that tV .-orj- in " -. exL-te - . ci-. W allude to th-.- report-of Ed-svin C'lsad » ick i > 2 H- B-.-Aih of T-: nr > j . Xo nat thins in that report i ? iij- < f < i "" * 21 r-rtti 7 mad .- " nt , S-.. TU incontestable = iati ? . rii-ti ^ vi-Q ^ acc , thin ihat ih- ,.. ^ . -i . tl \ t -cczi = i ^ - .: ed amoii ? atluh ? h \ vice aa ^ niiscrr Qfjcs nut cj ^ sci- ( as ilalthus ai = runesj bi .: ' ^ tjer i : j . „ -latcs th- lasrijs * of population . Its principal eiietrt c-. i > i 3 ts njtxi- ] v in sabs ^ tuan ? a vounz , and 2 ? zhz

      same - 'Reality populaijoj , for ouelaii-lTpixipjr ::.. r . 1 JkSn » ng : he jcvenagesof man . Tbertportproves thai , pr .-eis *^*' ln th- ^ sr places wliere by accurate records , it is kno-.-. u tha : d * . ' 3 &t are fares ' , and the average duration of Vft * ^ P * - " ^ Litre occurs also tij-r T&i&Tlest annual zmnilrrT i > i * " * - * - 1 as unj » rwv « ac-at occurs in the one rts ' j . trt , U 5 c-jni- qu- c-.-s are mure um ! more fci ; in the otht r . O : it Wtic u--. t marked Hjiistrataoiis of this fac-t addue-ditaai , ji f » ti , rTa , wheri- n % ristri = ? have b <* eti car-fuily k-- } . i « aoriit ; . e = r ] . S 43 . 3 _ v t : ! e - ab ' es compTi- 'l from lh > ^ T ^^ - ^ - and gi-vt-n hi 'J . v rejK-Tt , jlr . Cfcadwick Ji-¦ feicdy sr ; -j-svs , to use his own words that " the pro :. - v-** ¦ '] & - 1-opaUitl-m , and die increased duration uf lii ^^ attendtnl b y a proorciszon i » Tuipj . imss f an < l fur ilii .-snatttr ~ - ' :- "" » ct refutatio : i of an absurdity which obtained uaj

      - ' -2 uence over the minds 01 our legislator . , ^ . tr Mtin-lci-:.. ^ - o it-ilai-Oiusian Poor Law Comadssioner .-. ' - * iiowerer , ou abstract grounds only that this y ^ eir ; 1- is . rfi ^ j j ^ ii-jlo . L .-i = rL = 3 atios lias r = cea : h eihi-¦ " *' ¦ ' ' - - « r izi » Lance = of - 'roce-ediag on princhjlrs 10 rrhic !

      Untitled Article

      PEOl'LE TAKISG TI 5 E LAW" TSTO THEIR OW . V HANL >> . ~ ' > THE E&ITOB OF THE HOKTHEES STAE . MS . — iu this \ ast well-ordered metropolis a strangtr is frequently startled at the spectacl ? of a huge porter sta ^ srering nnder his load through the crowded thoroughtares , holding his way by sheer dint of that callous obstiaacy so peculiarly the characteristic of the race . On a sudden you see him in coittact with , perhaps precipitated apju , and overthrowing , or else rebounding from the > l ^ i-k of a collision with > ome hapless passer-by . In-> : ^ ndv , boiling with rajre . rht- b-iirden is east to the earth , and ere a remon > tranre or denunciation can rise to his lips , the hapless is again a sufferer from the fist of his antagonist , for -what reason no one on earth can divine , except that as an overthrow by accident is not t-nough , cha ^ nsemert is added for tlie unjiardonable crime of being in rJie iray ro ~ uSer by such a conrrngenev .

      If the stranger reriects a little , be will nnd a mighty fact embodied in this little incident . He will hrre see displsyeJ the fundamental idea of British law—an idea cot conaned to the statute-book , but eiisting every whi-re , the basis of our actions , the reason for many otherwise slraiije anomalies . It is -wrapped up in the ve . rr bein : ; vi an Englishman , and haunts him wherever he goes . Let him reflect a moment . The keepers of our health , by th-ir system of drugging , frequently bring on a premature death , and never fail to ruin the health . For this their handiwork they levy an enormous tas on society , and thus they char-tise us for the mishaps ol * tailing into their hands . The keeper ? of our conscience never fail to paint in the most lively colours the depths of our degradation , till m become in reality what They describe : aud then the tithes and church rate ; - lash us > 'jund ! y for the crime of Mint ! CTvdulitv .

      La ^ rK . the Jceepe . " - » of oar g-oods ha > e the privjlept of felling a bad aTtirie at a high price , setting the blooilho-uTids of tlse law on us as a punishment for " being d-. u : e . " . Throughout society universally we have cause to know that a quantity of eiiU may attend ( - \ er \ transaction , a suffering for being somehow or other in the way of the transaction , and a punishment for beinjf a sufferer . Here , then , in the incident mentioned at the beginning , without any knowledffe of Ulaekstone or rven a glance at the " Statutes at Large , " a stranger may perceive the natural operation of our laws , and distinguish the principle i > n which they are ba % t d ; so tha ; the burly porter with fiistiaii jerkin ami anjft-recl passion , becoiiK-s a true rriK- 01 the old Engli ~ b ja » l : re with bloo'l-stained t-rmiiit-! ab >> uri-. jg under a virtuous indignation . The sunVrer is "" my client . " who , wh-tlur plaintiff or defendant , is nf—ced . and fleeced , and fleeced zi ^ ain .

      Nor does tbe pai-ulh-1 \ -ml here , in those days of ? teani , rarcda Pelivery Companies , punctuality and expedition , grea : i > the wonder that porterage , —tha : remnant of feudalism , —> nll linger- amongsl us , jostlins us on the highwas , and pnttiivs us out of oiiceit with ¦¦ ur own humanity , as : i " ine » rt » u ? fo-jt tu foot o ; i tlu- broad joM-nii-nt of Ue ^^ a ; -strvt-t . And >•> with tbe pr . ueral JiiTuMon ofkiivnle , 3 . je—with tbe niaiiifi-siations of a maturing iutellt-cl criiwding fast and thick ar- ^ ii ;' . us—with the budiliugs of a uob ' e genius foretf ! lin ? n p ! t-iiTt- < jus harvest . How long AaII " -lie old Juggernaut law be f- > und in the . •"' mi way- Hoi . io ;; g shal ! ii folio" also ovr path ? Without i ' . we f-iiii'l jiiirsur the vva . v m » -i-ril \ : V > Mt with it we are so > q : m / . ' a : sd stifled that : he lna . - " .-- nn ' . « be cmslu-d hi re : ¦>] cr <"> j- ] i -d rhere to form a liiu-, r >« be mar > h : tl ] c « l 111 m .-rchm ? «> rdfr : and tJj- * un' -inc columns are ralb-d p jc < -:-b"if . we : ! - 'li j > " -t- < l ai ; J s : ii < l to b- a bi-auti-ous siglit , a -,-T ) ii ! J . r :: nil a-lmiratiun « f the ¦ . \ . » r ] i ! l ! ut die iiiti-llrot i- , T ^» n . v * V . anJi ii : e ir ; .-rious iiar' t-s : ti- * . Jtlen ui )« l-r f «» - » t .

      . ' 1 - -n .-rt- ' : <¦ urii-T acu > iaudi ; i ^ . : >> ur t-. iU > - r-. - •• n .-i . > i ' ¦ ¦> .. - b-. A ~ a nt-fv >^ i * i coinp ^ i ! . il thei :: to act , r-o « il ] ¦ : ; . la" i ; : ake us du . A > il aj-pear .-d to t ]« -KJ vihat b . st ¦ !¦! pro-. i-j-- , < o n . usi we reaj > a ;; d mjv ? the bt-nt-tit ••! * such :. r . vis : . n " liii we rerip J- » n ^ and painitiii . v -wlii-re llit rc ' : s ; ii ^_ -h ; sowti . and with hy . iz satherin . " have but > tubblv . Ti . : j > is oar fai-.- . for ; bv doc : na has - " -one roitJi . that ' ; - •» ) -- must not take l )» e Is :: into their own hand ? ;"' :-...-. i iji- " li .-iToptjlitan I ' oi- ' . t < -j-in-, whv icj- it i-mauutes , ¦ Jj : ] - - pre-in : cihibitii-ii- oi tiiv buih j'oit- r nunrioueu a ; tj =-- b vrinnirj ; :. i , > : a- tair a lev . vixiijilrs : —lirsi . to show the J't -iiail ; . -.- Laki ; jg tbr law ijst-j .. ju- "> o"u liaoil . or the pu : ii ? -li-;; . - - ) i ' or bhi'i'i-ains tobe m-. the wa . to suner .

      . ' . vsr : i : li—v . ith money . - : ojur «'—a : the lionie ot a .: -. , ! ,-iwv ; i : \ unii ; ; rirl , bu : now the . ictini of lii ? sei : " . - !¦ :. i » :. b . her own Sn--side , under ti > e pat-ruai roof , j . „ . ; i ;> . iilirrcation with the father , threatens iam to rejr-. - _; ; "j - ..: ! . ii-e . Nature : >• r \ es u-. e snii ol the parent , 1 : i-iib him } ..: ni .-. h the Sethicer . It is dons : but on a ' . .-. ^ r . ^ -: t W'lrtl agaii . ^ t tin- fa-ucr tht b » w steps iii , ad-¦ ^ it- i ..-j proiociiiun to be fuliy profit ' , but kuons no-: ¦ . i- _ o : ti- srdui-tii . ii , regrets it must lake its course . : ¦ : - t-vxtj . ir jui-.=-t i » o ; Uikv the ia « into tlieir ^ -vrn haiiil > , ~ , _ :. 1 ¦ -,- * . 5- Jh- fatb-. r alui « # t as lr . ui-b a- for thu most ag-1 .. j- 'ii oiltnct—i : i—wbi ; -h . being poor and unabk- tu j , . . cj- ^^ j pis Lin . to ilit- : ri- « . dniiii for tico months . Agmu , a nia ^ : i = ) . roL-ei diui : homewariis in cor .: pany . ' - ' .. : •¦ .- v . iit . she a litlic in advance : an aristoi-rat Comes

      - : . iliroi " - bi = ami > ruuinl her waist , anil commences , .- ; .. - i : cr s-truggit-s , the n : o ~ i indecent action * . The hus-Ia ^ -1 > pring > lorv . iu-d ' . 0 his wife ' s rescue , and the vindica-. l-. rui ! as i' » a ) : jnour . The ari > tocrat is laid low , bat 1 ¦ _ — ¦• tring hin ^ .-t II—^ :- > es the man in charge . The provo-; a : »_ i ! ii- pro-. nl : stiU " jieojile must not take tbe law into .-. , ii uiiii liaiids ; ~ io he is nued £ - ' . Unable to pay it , he s- m-u ; to the treadmill lo : a lurruight . iTere are : iit-: i w } ,-- 1 opened to bein the way of one ... j .-iv deep a : » u lasting , ami £ li « s liauded uier to another . I- ' j . i : ma ; , be a-ked . wby diu they not seek the reuu-dy at in-.- ? . He r ^ - is the amitr . The two followinjr cases ex-! :. ";' . , i ; nr » t , what will be lhe reparation should such an -. ¦ trai-rdiuarn case occur ; aiid the second , the bi-nefix of ~«» i . iiisa r ^ a-. fiH at lav . : A oung airl , a milh ' i . er , is returning from work late in

      . I .-.- -. n-ciiiU , and is me : b . i an arislocrat , who , thror . ing ... arass ri < iii : d hex w-iili a rudeness and familiarity that .-jj -o Joubt of his desi . ^ :. ! - . After a good deal of strujc-_ j- ^ ; . } . releases her > elf : but be , angered at the rebuff , _^ . - r . ks ou : four of her teeth with his nst- Given in -. Large , and brought before a magistrate , he is fined £ 0 , .-. Iiiuh is instantly paid , aud he drives 01 J in a cab . Another young girl , very respectably connected , is a « } . i , zne by herself , when visited by a wretch , who takes ad-. i . ;; tace of her loneliness to ruin her . ^ he Comes into coarj , " exposes her shame , swears to her degradation , isolating thereby the finger of scorn against herself ; yet ii-7 -.-. a . tn is considered valueless , and the fellow , though adiiiltied to be a most depraved character , is declared innoi-cat o ; the crime .

      Bgi T Tal Column.

      Bgi t tal Column .

      Market Ixtei.Ligenx'e

      MARKET IXTEI . LIGENX'E

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 21, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct838/page/7/