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Northern Star (1837-1852), 31st July 1841, Edition 5 of 5, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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  • Departments (2)
    • TO THE LANDLORDS OF IRELAND.
    • €f)avti0t IZntelU&ettce.
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      Untitled Article

      I . ETTEB IV-> it lob-ds A . yj > GsxTLxxEy , —I bare now shown ? l ^ t an Irish fanner occupying 100 acres of land for twenty-fire yeais , and requiring , at the Tery lowest oieulsuon , a capital of £ 200 to start with , has , at the expiration of tfcat period , if all goes very -well , no jzort than five cent , or £ 250 , as the accumulated ample interest upon Ms capital ; and that he , his wife , and ' five children , have laboured for so many years for » scanty subsistence , -with bad lodging and clothing ; Tfctreas compound interest , at six p « r cent-, which is the legal interest of the country , wobM bare left fclm ijj .-tr&en £ 410 and £ 508 in the same time . Such is his ition . ^ bile few labourers in Ireland can command ten pounds after a life cf toil , starvation , uncertainty ,

      jsd sorrow . I bsve shown that farmers have heavy responsibilities liabilities , and calamities to contend sgainst < rfc * T fc » ve all tie responsibilities attendant npon the Tflrffiei : -. of a settled T&nt , keeping the stock together , ' oarr = ng their families , and paying their way ; they hiti to contend against the liabilities to which yoa , M legislators and autocrats , chose to subject them . _^ . j - £ s-ys the calamities , castialitiss , ami fluctuations . ^ . v ^ ii nature and the marisfcs expose ibem ; and in q \ one of those responsibilities , liabilities , or calami-H » ore you participators . You drag the rent in

      wi harvests from the capital , and thus set them strngjjic ^ for years to hold possession by loaas /'/ or which tvjT pay in many instances as high as 30 or 40 per gsrt , rather T' ^ vn < 3 ^ it the spot npan which they have wjilei snd to which they hare become attached . While yso , thus , free yourselves from all chances and changes Thich may operate unfavourably , you tike advantage d e rtrv turn which improvement by the tinner ' s skill , ecial , and attention yield ; and yon raise his rent as iji rewaii kr industry . Thus do you became not only ^ pjjsa r , d are soB , but r , eguJitoT 8 * ad disposers of its rrtslnce and its occupiers .

      Ifcs farmer cannot so easily rid himself of rcsponcbiliry , inasmuch as he must employ labourers ; and tout blitaixvg influence operates against the interest of ly ^ ^ v ^ rers also , because tire ba-J resniineration and -= ~ tainrr c-f tenure preyent the firmer from etni-v ; - > 9 mere than one-half the number cf hands te ' wouli do , i * free-1 frym ^ eleTnz ] P a : iin S > dr ^ rig , watching , and screwing . > IyXord 3 sea freemen , having thus inverted all * h » rtL ! a of Pivrideace , ha-ris ? sucted an-i limited « --re w tbe s : anx ' . sr 4 cf poluiral power , suited to your otu interests , ycu have created a " surplus p-. pt >

      iKJoa" wbich your friends , the political eecsonnsis , bJw til us " pressrs hardly npun the ms ^ s of iub-Efi eueB . " Thus Lave j-oa made paupers ; while the ecjrimlsH hwe sr . de slaves »; f the bees upon whose > oi ; t the Jronos Vive ; ar . I in txac ' . proportion t \ j the j ^ v .- ^ i :- k , ' the bees : u pr .-Iucc co& 3 y ^ -ur billet of idle gjjj-is incrsise : 2-2-1 this is the whjle , the sole , ths ob ^ t erase of distress , dlssati&Licti-jn , and discontent , Thici no power on earth csn ren : e ;! v so loc ? aj fte sTswa which creates and upholds i ; is allowed to

      CC 2 U 2 CC > * ow . my Lords ard Gen : lemen , I shall enter into a Tery brief , and I trust , c ^ esr , fiir , and unbiassed consideration of rcy client ' s case . In tie first place then , labour is the fonndatien of m wealth . Tiia * . is indispuuble . Ihe ^ wrren surfac e cf yo-i soil , until ms-. ' e available JBfce poor mans libour , baa-no mere vitoe than tb ^ B ptlesjWock of mirbie , rough fram ihe quarry , before it receives value from the sculptor ' s hand , who puts the nian ; p up . n it ; % r , i eTrn its value is but ideal , or raiher it must be cf of the

      r = ccU- ^ d fcy the p rice produce land . So wiu every luxury that you use in this w jiIA , from Its gor ; e-: 2 s feast , ths gsuJy trappings of yo-r person . ' , ihe sumptuous furniture of your mansions , and tie splendour of jour ca'riages . dj- . rr . to the mere reeessaries of life , —a ; i , all -re jv rested by tiri ce of lab-DUi ; and ha-rLns a = t = riora -. cd the value cf labour by your law cf primogeniture , settlement , szd entail , & 3 also by vour whimsical mode of lea-ir . g coind for ttrcu < -f ytars at zxel rscts wfth ^ st rtefcreie » * o sjumal Trcniuca or rrice , -of —hicb T-jore

      berriiteJ , ^ nd ^ Iso a- : c :: Te conainors ssLaed : d o ^ upalion ; having by thesi co ::. p : icated envrs deteriorated the va ' ue of labour , you have cragi » d die world wj ^ itB cheap pro-ja ^ wfrfo ^ pUiave E- -- ^ red tie be ^ Fin ths nsidst of tiirir own h ~ onev , Tl- - sik'triM them the very meanest subsistence afttr ill -. a-i y-: c cow vainly hope to limit su 3 " = ring to thoje Ttry ir > 2 cKK , never riS-ctirg that all other prop-rtiii , cf cTrr- ; . i 5 crij .-n . 'U and however suaranteeJ , irhs "« Lrrthry be £ xsJi ^ c-jm = s , salaries , vr fucruatlnr inc--= i rs . aa-i whether insurrd by rents . Acts of Par-Y :- ~ -, - ^ : custom , or contract , must , so _ n = r or ; s : er . Citih thiiafrcli ^ n and take the « isor-ier , wi . . ch ispiTrrrj . 12 iis stats of things , allow me to claLru , upon behalf of nj clier-ts . the full bir . efi of the late *; , rust brstallT con ; jcte . i dews- ?—thai & = cr ~ e -which " thr-wtbe t > :-jt TTJili ut ^ jTI his own rssourc- ^ - " Bej-n-1 thit I d ; E , t £ 3 ; anl the : ul £ ll : n 6 nt . f tlit I b ^ re a righto den ; a ; i . The ri : h have thrown the j . : r " ui : n their oiri-revsarcrs . " I zm sstiiSc-J ; ani yc'J hav ng saae thr law , I claim its ? ririt f ^ r my c ' . i--ts . Ttrow them . thrti . '" uttn their j' ^ vn res urc « i : " th .-se ' ¦ r = 5- urji-- " are hr-irr . hea ' tl :, a = 1 industry : " r-ecul -ticn . : nu 1 . an 1 thkrerj . T \ "i ^; b do y . ; u cb- ' , ; e ? li ti .- latter , zzr-j-Ziti i _; I d-str ^ y all :: ^ urti" : Hieuts tJ a full -Srrcisi of ti . ii ' t = siZTct =, " by - . L- rrpcalof all U ^ s tjr thr purLinier . t of such offence ? . I : the farmer . g : ~ - t-j them tfcr Hiiy means wh ? r : bj' is thii ¦ wjrlithsj d- iivs ur jn ! Cr ;';¦ :: : I » 5 Jir ; -. S , Ly uprnln ^ tie 2 i .- : - V ; : urr ' s i- 'i . o ^ i ill .-wing th ? m to enjjT th -s ~ ' rlr ^ -irrs ; r y-ur jrj their own advantage , freed fr . m i ^^ re ar . iicia . 1 c . zitriit than is absolutely n-ces-vary : ' . ..- tbe cs . ; t : ng rote •;¦! society .- and , abuve all , alicw eeci to have a Tjise in r ; -5 ii : a-. i ^ g the existing stat ^ of ti-ir ., ;; . XyL . r . l 5 £ ^ i Gentlemen , the s " kill ari'l industry of tii B-ltish at : i Irish pe ? ple are p .- ; rer > u : all over the w : rii ; pray l- ^ ar in min i , 'jf r ;! E !¦ £ ¦ . ? :. H : ; jt cf the P ~ bl ' . Lg arLstt-cracy , the ipeculitLag HicrcLait , the " -- ~ - "; --2 Cburcii ^ aTi . the st ' ^ Tti ns > t ^ t ? , < a tit shj .- > t-

      i = ? ^ - 'c : cr , Dut of THE P £ :. ' ? i . E . la it :: , t . t ^ en , tigL t ^ Li t hat the system sfeo-j . 'J be cLing-. j which pre-T tie one from wearinc a suric ' . rr . t \ .: rtl . n t'f th = cothis he n : afce » , an ^ the other fr ,: u eiti ^ r a siiScient p : rr ; -:. ; . .. f the food he pro ; n : es ? Nay , more , that I ^^• 7 n .: tbs a ^ : if fashiva , 1 TrlV . z ~ > ~ c \ - vu " ¦ rrcirrocity , " tit K-ron ^ isr ' s caterer for all mar . '* Winti , by an in tcrciir . ie rf ihtir respective stirr-: c < a .-e ,- and is it nut pis .-inj ; saange that the producers of Ensoul canr-, ' , * . az 23 .-zzz , with the producers of Ir-.-la ^ : ' ., their surplus P i-: e , or set portion cf it ? cay , more , tfcat over the ri | ubti . a of s ^ cply and ce-niad , th ^ y , ¦ wbjse Tery t ^ titiic-e depc 2 » j upon a j ^ il , u « -n-atcbing of the bi-5 £ iv , hare eo control , either idirect ' . y .. r indirectly ' : ^ of , 1 = sot that very jtracg ; , v ry "wrc-ng . an 1 very ~ -oi a : variance wl : h si ] the rules of free trade ana ' ¦ Kc . 'rc-citT : " atd ye- thvi-.- vrry pe .-jle wh ^ cannot U"V ; 1 the waters , or stain th = :-. ^ i =: ^ t ho .-a , are JisXtii ^^ W tr ~ traUrrs With all th = na . il _ -a = vi the tirth , u jii-i thit r \ , j a " rrcipr <>; l : y , " i . r i .-ut ^ l return , ' ^• - ts the mitring of " reciprocity . "' V . ty u * : » y get a t : 2 u ^ ir . d "LTrr the G-V-irr . mer . t a = : Vi " . j .-. -: e vrjdu-je of ^ if : re ga c-urtrlcs ; frhiie th-sy canct : ^ ke a i ..- ] ice-•* - - > 3 FP-3 i 3 t a magistrate , sit-cpon a Jarj ' , v te fur * * ex-re » £ 2 tative , or sjpropriate oa = a-vre of land to ESttesil psrp-isii at hon 3 = ; Is it s-.-. i d- ^ nsticg ^ ftn ^ j L .-sstr ^ , to ii _ , pe to crsm 3 irarrlng pe .-ple " * itt rach moonshine - ' Hy L ; rds ar . J Gentlemen , I hold that sun in utter Kcte ^ p :, trho , seeing and feeling the justic- - - cf his case , ' '¦ " ^ - ' ¦ ¦ Is a ^ y pDition of it from the nest jealoss in-K « ilo aa ^ rigid scrutiny . B-t in fa : t , poVitics and *¦**! arr aus = n ; rsts iave bees so roLsed op together of " ^ ' ^ 7 ma-y honest men axe fearful of exp ' aising ~^ T tie grtat social changes which they anticipate

      - we success of a politisal measure . We kr . ow that " * ai-n : nd-ed men who dread the resal :, will from "' Se interested motives give a decided and dogged •^ pastion to the proposed cbange , without adducing te Tbir , sj ar ^ nme ^ t : aan : " I don ' t like it ; " ¦• J don't •• J . ' : " n J iex't ste : ue tin of it : ' " We do vtry T ~' " mti " Lf ? e : J 'Jpas i- ' , i . ' vrsjid '' ail of s-jiitfying ^ r-Zctnini . " - yt si } jVgjg Jcju ^ v no ajgrdeii * . : nay , not * ven J ' 3 = tl : on ; they amount » j te : ;» cre than a perverse ^ - -- » i . on . ilereover , I now fe ^ l myself in a situation ^ fILJ : iU "Ri :- a ! I - te hostility -n-hich d- ^ ed folly cisiots is

      . * " cr- can luvu-. an . I feel teat ay ^ 7 now tv « r . i-tly strocg to stas i inniy -with t -- i = ss c >^ - s broil b ^ se of popu :- ri ^ l t , which - *« * a berore ir :- ' in t > * m . morr . -- ^ nor waa

      Untitled Article

      it in that position till the disselation of Parliament . My monitions may now lose the tone of appeal , and assume the tone of warning and judgment I shall therefore fearlessly tell you all that is required for the completion , perfection , and stability of my plan . I have Bhown you that a conditional sale of your land upon the terms of annual render of payment is the only means of cultivating it to tbe highest state to which it is capable of being brought ; and now 1 proceed to shoT yon tbe egregious folly and injustice of requiring a stated rent through all time , while I show you at the same time the injustice of the piesent system to yourselves .

      Land is to produce , what cotton is to calico , wool to cloth , tallow to candles , leather to shoes , bread to wheat ; that is , it is the raw material oat of which the article is manufactured ; and of course , aa the value of produce and raw material in all other commodities reciprocally act and reacJ , now for and now against , the speculators who buy and sell with the day;—pray keep that in mind , who bny and sell with the day -, i—the longer overholding than is necessary for a corresponding return between recent purchase of raw material and immediate « ^ p f tbe manufactured article becomes matter of fair

      speculation for the manufacturer , and subsequently for the tradesmen -who retails it Tbe one sells to convenience himself ; the other bnys to convenience himself . It would not be judicious for a manufacturer to lay by a foiirteen years st ^ ck of raw material ; and much less would it be to lay by a thirty-one years' stock , ¦ without reference to , or control over , the prk-e of the manufactured article : and yet the system of leasing land upon fixed rents for & term of years is pr ^ cUe ' . y the same : not a particle uf discern . ible difference . I . ^ t us now see "wherein auth 'r ' : tie 3 and titles trigtkT tt-u vcuts , bear me cut in my principle .

      Firstly , then , I -n-i } l take tbe ruling power of the Church , and I will show you how the principle of annual render accordiu ^ to annual produce is thereby acknowledged ; and I will also show how ycu , when you altered the old practice , you brought it still to bear upon the principle of reaproc ' ilf . Tithes , then , are annual render of a tenth of all the produce of the land ; and before the enactment of tho Tithe Composition Bill , which ordained a seven years ' lta ^ e of thtjn , the parson was partaker with the tenant in many casuaiitifes . If the tenant ttouzht the valuation too high , or if the crops were destruyei , he Cuuld make the parson draw his every tenth sheaf , tenth grass cock

      from the meadow , and the produce of every tenth ron , of ev = ry ridge or drill fr . 'm the potatoe field . To obviate this inconvenience to the parsjn , and at the same time to mike a beginning by -way of experiment upon an appropriation of tithes to V'jur own uses , you gave the fi * n ; er a sevtn y ; ars' ltase ; and ju .-t think of the urinciDie upon which you acted . You gave him for the seven years to come an incjine established by the average of prices for the seven years past . ' Well , ¦ unjust as that -was , it -vrns , nevertheless , a full acknowledgment of my principle ; it takes prices of produce as the standard of yearly income ; but it would have been mudi nioTejust and fair to have made the tenant pay raorey on account during > ix years of the current seven , and then to have balinceU accents by a-whip upon the list sear , thr . n to Lave o ^/ ie Uie a-rcrage c-f ls ; M

      to 1 SV- , bjth inclusive , a standard fur tbe regulation of payments for the subsequent years of 1 J 1 to 3 » 47 , inclusive . ' Indeed , taking the average price of each y = ar is precisely ti-= siroe , but too suiiplc , as the average I-ji any , or to ? tvtry year wl-. hia the year . However I am glad to be able to establish u ; y title upon clerical principles , and therefor . ' I adopt it , but I must nevertheltss explain to you the felly of taking a Seven rear ' s average , w any number of years as an aversgv , Instead of an average price within each year Observe , tb-.-n , iliit the average price each year cin .-titutes in the tnJ the average pries of any number of years ; Li instance , take seven Tears' aferr . ^ e prices at the following amounts— Id , 17 a OX , 21 S-, ^ 4 i . OL , 2 ; . * ., : ils . > :,.. ? br . ; acd you will find C 4 i . Si . to be the average ; and louwiiialso End that the parson or person entf . Ieu

      to the StV-n yeajs' iiirL . r < nt tuir _ 3 ¦ haTe receiTcii pr ecisely the same am-.-unt if he received the average pric € of cacfe year within the year . Thus far I have the principle acknowledged by church usage and cc ;; , n .= rc : 2 l usa ^ e ; and now I brins ' the practice of GvVerniBent to btar , in all their contracts , from the regulation of iluty upon grain down to tie suv .-ly of stores and pr .--visior . s of all surts ; We fed the prlEciple of - ' luyiEg and selling with the vlij" strictly . acted upon by annual tenders and d-..- ' ar . itiou 3 , and contra-. ted fjr , f-rthe year . Havings ^ : ! > o much uyvr . the subject of tenure ard ir . c-4 ^ cf ar . r ' -ial iSJdiSirtnt of ra ' n-, 1 sL ^ Jl ooit btuw , &T . A I think cl ^ ariy , tLa * . a rcnt regulatc < l by the price of train , famiiianv called ' ¦ a earn rent , " is

      the only juit mode by which the uncuil value of rent can be ascertained without a risk of chances , ali the bn i ones iein- on the side of the tenants , and all the g ... . on-. s ¦ ¦ V . bi side /> f- _ hebrairds . If 3 aiancfacturer z--ts to market t » purchase raw jsiatsrial , he isTt-gulate i ir , l . is \ ar ^ ain- by the ir . arktt price ff produce ; 50 with ll : ^ butcher who bnjs live stock ; so with , the fanuer who buys dairy covrs ir other s :-- > ct ; so -with those also who even purchase in the vrV ^ frsale ar . d ee ! l in the retail n ; r . Tktt ; they , one and .

      all , " buy and sell -with the day : " while the very man whose barjaia should be in svine way defined , in order the bitter to leal him to a calculation of surplus af :-. r re :.:, bas no rLearu vrhateTer of j'J-Jging even ¦ wbij- ^ the crop is reopir . g , of whrit poitv : H becomes his shire , or wtat portion becomes the landlora ' a share ; and while in his share there is mixed up labour , capital , risk , responsibility , and personal security , the . landlord ' s is altogether frcid from any such hjra .-sin 2 drawbacks .

      >" . jw , I ask , what can be more absurd thai a stamped agreement to pay for each anl every year , uf thirty-one years , tt ' e same amount of rent , without reference to pr-jiucc ? It is rank nons ^ n ^ - : an . l , upon the other hand , I Isk what » r . be more just , seeing that the produce is of the land , ami its render being annual , than that the standard of rent should be ascertained 1 J value cf 3 i 2 Eual produce ? One silly gentleman once said to me , -when talking ovcr the subject , that " a majority of fanners would prefer the principle whica left the widrst deid open for speculation , and that a corn rent would uaTup Lheir energy , and in high years would act a ^ ajsst thesi -, " ujnutheothtrhanAI contended tbit the prtscct 5 ystfciii Eat vl ] j damped , hut forbid all energy , beyond a mere existence point ; while the field of specu ' . at'ja would be incalculably increased by the substitution of a corn for a fixed-money render . 1 explained , that only with a corn rent conld the benefit of leasrs in perpetuity be wade eqaaHy a-iv ^ atigdous to landlord and tenant , by giving to the landlord the only means which , apart from folly , he should enjoy of squaring his annual expenditure by his annual receipts . I further aver , that in such cases high rents wou ' . d be more beneficial to the tenant than to the landlord , inasmuch as upon all Burplu 3 produce the tenant would hiTe a five-fold increase , while the landlord would h ^ Te but a single increase . Thus : suppose ten acres of the hnd of Blackacre , to be taken by A . at 20 s . per acre , on a corn rent when wheat was 21 s . per bag ; and

      suppose the price to rise to 30 s ., and the rent to be consequently increased to 30 s . ; in such case the landlord would have but an increase of lus . upon the acre , ¦ while A . would have an increase of l » s- on every bag , or £ 3 on every acre . It is tone that tbe rule -would only apply so extensively to grain-producing land ; but inasmuch as the price of grain regulates the price of all other produce , it would effect all the grass land to the full amount of the difference of ten shillings ; that is , the - difference between twenty shillings and thirty shillings ; while it would leaTe to the tenant the benefit of all surplusage of profit above rent upon grain ; end what could be eo great an inducement for the encouragement of the growth of grain , in which , we are tald , we ' stand in so much neeJ ? My LorcU and Gentlemen , ccstor . i reconciles the mind to practice and jrinciples the justice and pro-

      Untitled Article

      priety of which few men will venture to defend ; and while the defence of those principles and practices invariably subjects their supporters to universal scorn and reprobation , nevertheless are the principles and practices preserved and universally acted upon . Far instance , the Puke of Xewcistle has been censured , and most justly , for defending his " right to do as he pleased with his uwn ; " and no apologist appeared even from the ranks of the practitioners . Mr . Bruea . said that the Irish were " savage , " and he too was uaivereally censured ; but is there a country upon the face of the earth , or do we read in history of any country , where the principle of tbe Duke of NewcastTe and tbe belief of Mr . Bruen is or was more extensively acted upon than both are at the present time in Ireland ?

      Those requirements do not amouut to innovation , expsriment , or even Reform ; they , one and all , whether social or politieal , amount to no more than restoration . They ars a restoration to Ireland of her Parliament ; and a restoration to the whole people of their electoral rights , with entiro and ample means for their fullest enjoyment . Such may be considered the two great principles ; while the -whole of the detail benefit sought may bo gleaned from the following jueasart * which , I rejoice to say , stlU stand upon tbo journals of " the House , " and to which is appended the name of Fearcus O'Connor .

      My Lords and Gentlemen , when I discovered , late in 1 « 3 , that tbe windings of the Repeal question were too mysterious fot my comprehension , and -when I supposed that many more ignorant than royself were , equally with me , liable to misconception upon that point ; when I discovered that Repeal -was but intended to be a drawn sword held OTer the heaOs of a party which it no longer frightened ; when I found that it had lost its bucgabooism , I then turntd mv attention to the immediate correction of

      JH 3 DV ubnsts . Now pray understand me . In fact , I was Sd ardent in the cause of Repeal , and being convinced that if one d < z-n men had worked for it outside , as I worked , and backed as \\ was by fortytwo votts , and pjwerful eloquence and great courage inside , that it n . ust have triumphed if those forty-two remained firm , which Irelasd would oblige them to do . Thus for the first year I abandoned all minor considerations , and clung to that question , which ever has been , and ever shall be , the darling object of my life . However , finding that tbe -whole thing was a piece Of magic , I placed the figure ob the wall in lS 3 i . showing its strength , its justice , and its prudence , and at the same time exhibiting the great superiority of tbe arguments of its suuporteis ovtr the factious opposition of its oppoDent-3 .

      As my ntxt letter shall contain a plain and simple development of what Repeal would accomplish for Ireland , and the hopelessness of txpecting bent fit even fr » m the adoption of any agricultural plan , or indeed fr ^ m any other plan without giving to it the protection of th « niastcT ' a eye a . nd the guardianship of a freely elected representation , I shall say no more upon that subject now ; but shall at once proceed to lay before you the five measures which I proposed for immediate relief in 1 S : ' 4 and 1 ? 35 .

      No . } . To movo far leave to bring in a bill to conip-il Irish landlords to give leases for ever at a corn i \ : rA , Mid in all cases -where Inruls are now held upon lei e or accepted proposal , and are considered too dear , to give to the tenants of gurh lands tbe ritjbt of appealing to a Jury , who shall establish the vaiue in like manner as the v .-. lua of private property is now ascertained , when required by the Crown , or legally authorised eorporati'JM or individuals , for national purposes . Xo . 2 . For K-ave to bring in a Bill to make a legal provision for the poor of Irtland . . . , ' , - \ No . S . For leave to bring in a Bill to consolidate the su-tctu ) . S'aii'p Acts now in force in Ireland .

      No . -J . For leave to bring in a Bill for t ! : e better regulation of Quarter Sessions' Courts in Ireland , with a view of making those courU cheap courts of equity as well as courts of law , whtrkby cheap justice might be brought home t ¦> the door of every poor man . Xu . o . To move a rtsolution of the Huuse , that it is desirable , as well fi > r the ends' of justice as for the tranquilly of Ireland , that all clergymen , otic ; magistrates , Bhould be deprived of the Commission of tbe Peace . Now , by these five measures , you will at once diucover that I have bten long looking aftCT my project . TLti law to regula : e tenure I shall presently explain fully .

      The Bill for a provision for the poor was of a very different nature from that which has since been adopted ; by it I meav . t to mike ag good a provision for the unwilling idler as for the wholly destitute ; and 1 meant to cairy out my p ' . dn , as announced in one of my spetcbts upon the piescniation of a petition , by a Us upon absenit . es , middle 111 .. 11 , and landlords ; and by agricultural and labour premiums for the working farmer and labourer . 3 Iy plan was persuasion ; vours compulsion .

      By the Sunup Act , ; a full ( 'raft of which I haudfcd to Mr . Littleton , and received bis a ^ suratce to bring it forward ., 1 meant to deprive landlords of a right to take monies on accoum o : rent , Without giving sUuipeii receipts , by a want of which tenants are cheatt-d out of thousands annually . By the Quarter Sessions Bili , i which I foolishly relinquished , rtlying upun Mr . Littleton ' s honour that he would adopt my every suggestion , ; I hoped to establish a kind of Court-roll , or Baronial Court , where tenants might , in case vl dispute , lodt , e monies tor their landlords and receive receipts upun nu ' . kb given to the

      landlord ; might cheaply ngister their leases , and the . Seneschal of which thculd have Certain powers in cases of dispute . I also hoped tj confine all questions of equity between landlord and tenant to those cheap courts , instead of seeing the farce of a man of straw going to the Court of Chancery to defend the best equitable title against a golden calf . I also hoped to take from landlords the power of distraining for rent , and giving tlit-m the same mode of recovering as aM other persons who deal in the world have ; making them liable to double costi in caie of illegal or

      vexatious proceedings against their tenants . I also hoped to simplify tbe law of t-jmment , by making it more inexpensive , an « rendering the re-assumption more easy in casts of fraud , failure , or non-payment of rent ; thertby fully proving that with just and equal laws for all , I would be as ready to defend the rich man ' s right & 3 to defend the poor snaa ' a right . Indeed , I have seldom , or never , known a single instance of a rich man and a poor man going to law , wherein tbe poor man had not both l 3 w and justice on his side ; and tbe very fact of a poor man braving the danger is , " prinui facit" evidence of the justice of his case .

      My Lords and Gentlemen , I now come to a consideration of the justice , propriety , policy , reasonableness and mutual convenience of my proposition as regards a tenure in perpetuity of land at a rent regulated by the graduating \ or sliding ; scale of prices of produce . Firstly , then as to a lease of land for a term of three lives , or thirty-one yeai-3 , or fourteGu years , which is the shortest term ; or for any term at a fixed and unchangeable rent , —it is rank nonsense ! What would you think of a clothier , & hosier , or a wine merchant who should say to a purchaser : " You must give me so much for this article , because two yearg ago I gave so much for it myself In the wholesale market . '" and yet

      it would not be one-half aa absurd as the practice of requiring a fixed annual price for your wholesale raw commodity without any reference to the retail manufactured market . Besides the folly—the national loss is too enormous , and " population presses too hardly" upon tt < ;; KaMAL 10 WED BY YOU for its subsistence to admit of tbe continuance of a vicious praetice , -which deprives the community of the full developement of all that skill , industry , capital , and even honourable speculation , which the husbandman would more freely and Urgely expend upon his own account , than he can be expected to expend to his own disadvantage . You ride a hired horse harder and take less core of him than you do of roar own horse ; so with

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      the poor man who merely hires your ground at your will for a job . Secondly , the very fact of your being compelled to make leases for ever of your land , -would , for selfintereBt , work out my principle of small farina ; inas-« ncli as you would then see the great advantage of a retail market . Thirdly , the whimsical mode of lending land operates prejudicially not only against the farmer but aJso against the labourer , whose services the farmer will not venture to hire , except at the very lowest rat * and tbe lowest amount ; while if he had a lease for ever he would make a garden of his every inch

      of ground . An Irishman will work from sun-riso till sunset , and work cheerfully , too ; and so would an Englishman , or Scotchman , upon his own ground , and would require no military force to put bim to bed at the sound of the dread curfew . He would sleep sound , and awake to the pleasing reflection , that " his chief happiness really consisted iu the modest comforts of his condition ; " bis face you would nefer see in a court of justice , or resisting military authority Ah ! a bad £ & , th plto * . " > 7 client , « b echo uutwen , " No !*> and ther « fo » yon *^ yuld never see " my son" upon the bench , frpleafKBg bis cause , or commanding the said military to fire upon him . But , however , to the case .

      u as ever the system of serfdom and'vassalage more perfect ?—softened down as It may apparently be by the assertion , that tbe vassal ami serf Is a free agent an

      part proprietor of his capital , of his skill , his industry , and his labour , while you are released , as I have shown , from all casualties ami liabilities . You have his capital , aa a sinking fund to fall back upon , in case of bad years ; whilu at the expiration of his term , should he get a renewal , it is in general on condition that he giYe something more for his own improvisnients than another will bid over his head ! and , above and before all , he is compelled , at th * bazvrd of losing his farm , and perhaps his life , to vote

      for your nominee , who is most likely an enemy to his interest , his religion , and hispolitical feelings ; and yet this is called the justice of " doing what you like with your own ; " this is the leaven of the system of which all have a right to complain ; this is the cause of the demand for foreign grain ; this is the original cause of " overproduction for the fancy market , " of " surplus population , " and a scanty supply of food . You first limit the amount of tbe land ' s production , and by ao doing , you increase the amount of " surplus population , '• while you diminish the means of traffic !

      Now are these things not qiuto plain and obvious ? Firstly , yoa withhold the laud from its most beneficial application ; secondly , even uuder your ow ^ system of large allotments you annex such conditions to a bad tenure as prevents the tenant from improving or producing the most ; thirdly , you encourage horse power to the ousting of a much better power , and you thereby create a " surpluslabour-population , " according to tbe means you allow them even for existence ,- and , fourthly , you prevent tho fanners , by your general practice , from becoming a dealer in tho manufacturing market : the result of all which absurdities is , thnt f V » r \ aa nnn naru r ^ iuv \ 1 n unl » v vrm V » n va ) ii >/>/\ n ) D n Meci'lAl those displaced » have become a reserw

      paupers y you in the . En ^ lish labour-market , upon which tbe masters cart' ^ Itback ^ aa ^ meww of -compelling all to work at a mere existence ^> olnt : while thi-y also constitute a corps of willing assailants , ready to be led on , ( and " small blame t'j them !" t in any assault against their aggressors , who are , undoubtedly , the Irish landlords . So far from the Irish people having any just cause of complaint against the English people , I unhesitatingly assert that the tyranny of ( riah landlords has been the ruin of tho English operative , and indeed of all English lahonrers . You bavo sent a swarm of bees from ynur own hive , ( Whose labour , and more , was

      required at home , ) in order that you and your families may live in luxury upon the idle paupers' fund of which you hold the masrerdom , by limiting tenure to the standard of class legislation , and which you can only accomplish by firstly starving the Irish people , and then asking who would enfranchise such paupers ? by goading them into crime , and then asking who would enfranchise such " Bavages" ? by withholding all the means of improvement , and then asking who would enfranchise such ignwrant creatures ? by mating J'OUt class-religion an object of just hatred , scorn , and resentment , and then asking who would enfranchise the

      eneinifs of our " holy religion" ? by using the laws for their ruin , and then asking who would enfranchise men who had no respect for our " laws ' ? while all are consequences of your oppression and misrule , nnd to which a speedy termination , commensurate with the (¦ fitr . ces , has been long protracted by a patient anil enduring people . I am , niy L rds and Uentlemen , Your obedient , And very humble servant , FKAiiciis O'Connor . July 2 Tth , 1841 .

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      TO LORD JOCELYN . My Lord , —A person writes to me from . Manchester , to say that another person told him , that he was informed by some one , that some one else had heard one Bakewell ( who from bis name I tako to be one of the fraternity of ' plaguy large loafers , " and who is a corre « pondent of the Sun newspaper ) say that I bad received £ 500 from yoar Lordship for services rendered to yom at your recent contest for Leeds .

      Now , my Lord , as what ao many persons soy may be true , and whether true or false , may be believed by iome one , and as I would not wish any one man , woman , or even child in the world to believe that I could be guilty , at any price , of offering so great an insult to my country , my party , and my understanding , as to assist you in an endeavour to represent Leeds , or any other place , I beg of you as follows : —that is ,

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      if you have paid to any person any sum of money on my behalf , you will have the goodness to claim its restoration as money received under false pretences , anil I will prosecute the offender aa far as the law will allow . My Lord , while my hand is in , I may be permitted to say that this is a very curious coincidence , inasmuch as I took no part in any single election thronghout the recent struggle , sare and except in your Lordship ' s ; and as perhaps you may Lave paid some one something for that , let me tell you what part I did take . Having ^ some interest , and many friends in Leeds I

      • was naturally waited upon , consulted , and questioned as to what I thought the moat prudent course to be pursued by the Chartist voters at the Leeds election . My answer to one and all was , <• For my part I think it signifies nothing ; but , as an Irishman , I beg of you , for the honour of God and my country , not to vote ' for Lord Jocelyn , aa whatever his politics may be , he represents , in his name and person , the very bloodiest faction that ever disgraced humanity—tho Irish Orangemen . " I further said that if you were returned , I should , never » g » in have a hope of convincing my poor countrymen , that even the non-electors were not Orangemen .

      Now , my Lord , I am happy to inform you that my influence , and canvass , and imploring , and beseeching had the effect of relieving you of all the trouble and anxiety consf quent upon the acquirement of the trust you sought . My Lord , another palpable falsehood which some person informs me is abroad , is , that my publisher , who is an elector , voted for you . This I can grapple with , and the curious , can arrive at the truth or falsehood of it ; but , meantime , I beg te assure your Lordship that he , with many others of my friends , rejected all solicitations on your Lordship ' s behalf , and did not vote foh YOU ; noi would five hundred times the £ 500 , I believe , in my conscience , have tempted him to do so . I learn from him that he did not vote at all .

      My Lord , I am expected to be very pure indeed , and I will endeavour to be so ; and while I am upon the subject , I may as well request of your Lordship to peiform a friendly office for me ; for being , as I presume you are , a member of tlie Carlton Club , you can do it without much inconvenience . The aforesaid Bakewell further assures some persons that I received the sum of £ 1 , 500 from the Cirlton Club for my services . Now , my Lord , the smallness of the amount for such services as I am supposed to have

      rendered , would , to a sensible community , at once be a rfiroct refutation of the slander . In fact , what would £ 1 , 500 be to me wfien I cou . 'd have had twice as juany thousands . However , you will oblige me by assuring the Club that I never heard of the affair till it came to me in the indirect way in which I have stated ; and if it has been paid , it also should be refunded , as it was acquired under false pretences . Curious that a Club whose arrangements generally appear so complete , sliankl pay large sums of money 4 t ** y'Wsifch u slovenly manner .

      I assure you , my Lord , that not one member of the Carlton Club , nor of any other club in the world , would , for ten times the amount , presume even to ask me if I would accept of a gift for the violatiptTof my principle ? . But us a dis : iiterestec } . paHtiean fsa " rura am , " and as busy slander cannot find one foul spot in my character , fiction , always ready to aid in the goad work of destroying the fame of all persons useful to the poor man , has tendered its services ; and what is most curious in the whole afltySfVt ^ ' if the said liakewtsll was put to his M $ h to-morrow , or indeed if every man in theJringdona was put to his oath , not one would swear that he believed I was cipable of selling mysdf for an > sum of money , or for any principle short uf Universal Suffrage .

      My Lord , I think it right to inform yen that I received a very pressing letter on your behalf from Mr . Harvey , assuriig me that you were a very good man , and very fond of the poor , which letter I took as a great insult , and never answered . Perhaps , my Lord , he has been kind enough to receive the reward of merit on my account ; if so , you should make him refund . His letter was evidently written either at yaur Lordship ' s dictation , or at the suggestion of your committee . My L ;> rd , onca for all , I beg leave to assure you that there is nut money enough in the Bank of England to purchase a sentence , line , or word from me , which would aid tho cause of either Whig or Tory , or iDjure the cause of my own party .

      My Lord , you will , of course , take this letter in a purely political senso ; as I have no reason whatever to cionbt any one of the many handsome compliments which Mr . Harvey paid to yuur private character . I am , my Lord , Your Lordship's obedient Servant , Fkahgi ' s O'Connor . York Castle , July 26 th , 1841 .

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      WE&NESBURY . —A public meeting was held at tho ] Ji , j , ' ) j Dulling , on Tuesday evening last , to hear Mr . Candy give an address upon the principles and objects of tho People ' s Charter . As it was something new to the inhabitants of this place , ho had a good attendance of hearers . He entered f ' uliy into his Mibject , and convinced his audioiico that nothing but the attainment of the Charter could heal the wounds that taxation and an oppressive Government had made in society . He was attentively heard , and the working classes were highly satisfied with the lecture . Three cheers were given for the People ' s Charter and the Ktjrtherii Star , anJ three times three for Feargus O'Connor , the unflinching advocate of the working men . A good working Committee was formed , and a number of working men came forward to form an Association .

      WOtVERHAIWPTON — A meeting was held at Mr . Mog £ 8 , Temperance Hotel , Snow Hill , on Wednesday , which was well attended . Mr . Candy delivered an excellent address upon the science of Gavp . rnTnntit . The Committee at Wolverhampton wish to remark that Mr . Candy ' s ens ^ sement will terminate in a fortnight from this time ; and if any of our friends would wish to have tho services of Mr . Candy , they recommend him as a worthy , able , talented , and unflinching Chartist lecturer , deserving the support of every lover of Chartism . Letter to be directed to Mr . J . Wilcox , news-agent , Worcester-street , Wolverharapton . They would wish to engaiio Mr . D . Taylor for one month , in the place of our fricud Candy , if he is not pre-engaged .

      BItSTON . —Tho cause of Chartism is making great progress here . Mr . Candy ' s lectures on the People's Charter , the principles of Government , and other political subjects , has been the means of attracting great numbera of hearera each evening . At the conclusion of each lecturo we have an accession of fresh members . A spirit of union and friendship is manife&ted both in our public meetings and Committee , and we are now getting well and thoroughly organised . DARI . ASTON , —Mr . H . Candy gave a lecturo on the old Poor Laws as they were , and the New Poor Laws as they arc , at the Bull Stakes , on Monday evening last . There was a large assemblage oi persons present .

      MUSSEtaORGH . —A public meeting was held in the Freemasons' Hall , Musaelburgh , on Tuesday evening w « ek , tho 20 th instant , for tbe purpose of forming a Charter Association in this town , Mr . D . WPherson in the chair . The meeting was very ably addressed hj Mr . William Taylor , of Dalkeith , for two hours ; « fter which twenty men came forward and joined the Association , and there is every prospect of tiie cause getting a great number of supporters in the town of Musselburgfc . PAtHEXTH . —The cause is progressing here with great spirit . The Association is sending deputations to the neighbouring towns and villages , to address meetings and form Associations . God sjeed them ! It is talked of holding a delegate meeting in Edinburgh , for tbe purpose of forming a better organisation for the county , and to try to get a lecturer for the same .

      WOTTON-UNDER-EDGE . —The Chartists of this place passed resolutions at their hist meeting denouncing Collins and O'Neil , and expressing conddeuce in White of Binniugham .

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      ^^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ / fa . AS * $ & ^ t' < *? L& 7 -,, - - / 0 L . < ^* t& fcBICB 5 T £ ! V—AlthOil ¦ ' nifest , nowtntt fleeiirn strong nnder-curreov d Chartism is Fery discover Cooper ' s political sermons ifl . ¦ '; I « J ' f : i > ' ' . '/•*» , Sunday evenings , continue to attract great nnmber ? and to create busy discussions ataorg ail classes . — The general meeting , la $ i Monday lifght , vttts an iateresting one , and was addressed bjvMessirff ? Smart , Markham , Bowman , < fcc . with their usnal good :

      sense . The people display deeper interest than ever on ail Chartist subjects . It was learnt that Richardson was in difficulty , and a plan was instantly * set on foot to relieve him ; seventy hare already pledged themselves'to contribute one penny each for six weeks , towards a fund for him > , aad more trill be added . The Executive , tKe gr * s $ nMin-sprtB * Jtf our political engine , has not beenf < jr # otten j twentyfive shillings were sent , the other day , to Mr . Campjell , the secretary , aa a tribute from our funds ? to which was added fifteen shillings , collected by a f » w real friends to Chartism , at Melton Mowbray . Th © fact of such a . sum bein « collected in that aristocrati « centre of fox-hunters for such a noble purpose , is not a little remarkable ; the money was brought over

      and paid into the hands of Mr . Cooper , the Leicester secretary , not a little to his pleasurable surprise . — The Leicester Chartists wish it to be generally known that Messrs . Seal and Burden have no longer any connection with the body .-Communicationa tor the Leicester friends ought to be addressed either to Mr . Cooper , secretary , 11 , Church-gate ; Mr . Bowman , treasurer , Pasture-lane ; or Mr . Markham , committee-man , Belgrave gate . —Mr . Smart commences a series of lectures ou tho Charter , next Monday evening ; and Mr . Cooper preaches , as usual , in the Market-place , on Sunday evening . YORK . The O'Connor ' s Release Domonscration Committee held their usual weekly meeting , on Sunday , the 25 th instant , when a variety of business , relative to

      the forthcoming demonstration , was brought forward . The committee highly approve of the suggestion ef Mr . O . J . Harney , for holding a delegate meeting to arrange the various demonstrations that will t ^ fe place on the release of jjSb glorious chief , and hjJVe ' determined onsendiug a delegate from Yorlt onjjbat occasion . The secretary was instructed to communicate with the various localities , requesting the co-operation of their Chartist brethren throughout ; the United Kingdom , as the men of York are determined to do tbeir utmost iu order to render their demonstration effective , and to show to the inmates of this den of corruption their determined hatred of oppression , and their love for the glorious principles for which that truly " Noble of Nature , " F . O'Connor , Esq ., has so long and so unjustly suffered .

      LAMBETH . —A meeting will be held on Tuesday evening next , at 54 , Wehb ' s Row , Waterloo Koati , for the purpose of nominating a sub-Treasurer , when all mem tors are requested to attend , as there is business of importance to transit . LEIGH . —Chartism in this this town is rapidly progressing , so much so that the authorities have tleunsd it prudent to arrest Kit-hard Brooks , on the 21 st instant , because be is a zsalous advocate of the elective franchise . He was placed under arrest , no doubt , for the purpose of retarding the progress of public opinion , on a charge of being a party to a seditious placard , issued prior to the 12 th of August , 1 S 30 . ho having absented himself for one year and nine months , but immediately after the division in the House of Commons on the release of

      all political pril > om ; rs , he ventured to return , ana after being at large in his ovr n town for three months , they at last seizid him and brought him before the magistrates for examination on" the 22 ad inst ., viho sat for the first time in the Nuw Town Hall , and on being arraigned at the bar , Brooks requested of their Worships that the charge or indictment should be read , and there bting no indictment , their Worships thought it judicious to artjon n for an hour , during which time an indictment wza made out . After this announcement the Court was cleared by the police-officers who were in attendance , Vfben the Court resumed , after their deliberations , the Wagi . stnUes had determined to commit him to take his trial at the next General Quarter Sessions . Brooks tien enquirtdif hi had the privilege of the

      choosing whether he went to the Ass ' z ^ s or Sessions , which was answered in the negative . He a ! so beggt d of the Bench Us he was a poor woiking man to be as le / iient as possible in the amount of bail , and their worships decided , thnt he should be hpuni himself in £ ou and two sureties of £ -25 each . Bail haviuij been obtained and sworn tu . it that they were worth £ -25 when all their jusS debts were yrM ; tbeir Worships aaman ^ led twenty four hours notice before such bail enottld be accepted . Several peraens waited on the Sfuperintemiant of Police to enquire if the bail waa accepted , when it turned put they were rojtcttd ; two others having been obtained wereaccepted , when Brook 3 enquired what he had to pay , Mr . James Smith , the Magistrates' Cltrk . -stated it to be £ i ios . ua ., and on being paid , Brooks was once more set at liberty .

      DUBIIN . —The Universal Suffrage Association of this place , held their usual weekly meeting on Sunday the l . v . U inst , Mr . P . M . Biophy , in the chair , who opened the business of the meeving by . declaring its objeets , which he said were the principles of the Peoples Charter and the Kepeal of the Legislative Union . He repudiated the idea of the Chartists being Tories or torch and dagger men and showed that even Mr . O'Connell had softtued down ihe charges he made against them iu April last , when iie said it was " a transportable offence in Ireland to be a Chartist . " Now , he only wanted to kuow what c « I < ur they are , and the worst he can do is to call for threa groans for them . Tho Chairman cancluiled by introducing Mr . Hnndcock , of

      , Manchester , who in vary eloquent terms and « i consi-| derable length pictured tho state of public feeling ' in England towards Ireland . He said ne knew of no , Chartist in that country that was not a repealer to its ; full extent , and that if Irishmen wero not to be par-! takers of the fiuit of ' the Charter , Englishmen would . not accept of it . All the aristocracy drtaded was a ur . ion of sentiment between the three countries , and he said that that the present meeting was a foreboding of ' . such a union . He gave some yery striking proofs of ; the evil conduct of Irishman ( whom he believed to lio of the lowest grade ) at Manchester and oSher towns who , he said , were acting on thu advice of Mr . O'Canne ' il , and who to their eternal shame , acted a most

      brutal part at theSteyhensoti ' s-square meeting , a ^ rt one of whom he said , t- » l-i ' the veteran patriot Wheeler , ' to bo prep : irtd to meet hieGod . " Mr . Hamicock concluded amidst the plaudits of the meeting . A gentleman from Bradford , here stood up and commented in viry severo terms on the conduct of the Chartists of ' th-it town , whom he said had acted Very unwise in I taking part with the Tories , and said that they , the j Chartists , wore acting on tlie advice of Feargus O . Cotij nur , who some . lime ago , wished that the House of | Commons had in it CoS Tories He gave it as as his ' opinion tfcut the conduct of Martin , at liradfoid , was j aMjthing l-nt calculated' to further tho causa , when Patrick O'Hicgins stood up and s : \ id that the gentle-. man who spoke last , tad , lie thought , acted severe in

      passing such strictures on Messrs . O'Connor and Martin . He said the meeting should bear in mind that it was not the men but their policy that was condemned . Now , he ( Mi \ O'Higgin ' si hart very great respect for Mr . oCwnnor , although he differed from him in many points . He said he yielded to no niau in his admiration of Mr . O . Connell ' s trajiscendanteloque-ce , although persons present thought otherwise , yet he denied altogether his title to the coaractsr of a scate 3 aian . Ha said there never was a man in the world who possessed so much power , and who at the same time made so bad use ol it . When the " boss , bloody , and brutal factions" were persecuting hint , the ptople in Eaglandand Scotland turned out" in tens of thousands to hail his entrance iuto Birmingham , Manchester , Neweastie , Edinburgh , and Glasgow , and forced the middle-classes te do honour to the man whom they hated ai ; d whose

      power they dreaded . Mr . O'Connell had at that time all Ireland with him jis well as Euglaml and Scotland . And with all tiiis power what did he get for ; he people 7 What did he ever preparo iu Parliament for the benefit of his country or of any other , c < uintcw 2 Lt .. a < u » iu > ut « vt ; jj re lAj / rcuju niatlie would be able to carry any measure in a Whig Parliament for the good of Ireland , but he should have had the moral courage to have proposed something as others , even if he were left without a seconder ; but , instead of attempting to aurry , or even bring forward in his place in Parliament any measure calculated to benefit or alleviate the sufferings of those who would have sacrificed their Jives for him , and who suffered the . most cruel and heart-rending persecution , on account of their adherence to him , he turned round upon bis deluded followers , and got the Coercion Act for thtm . And when Mr . VV . S . O'Brien

      the M . P . for the County Limerick , moved the continuance of that Act should be limited to two years , Mr . O'Connell , and every member of hi 3 family , who were then in Parliament supported , the Whig motion tor the duration of that Act for five years ; and Mr . O'Connell justified bis conduct on tbe miserable plea of the necessity of the Act , in order to put down agrarian disturbance . And again , isaid Mr . O'Higgins , i when Mr . S . Crawford moved the Repeal of the Coercion Act , let it be remembered , to tbe eternal Bbame of Mr . OConnell and bi « family , that tbe votes of every one of them are recorded against ihe repeal of that Act , and their votes are to be fouud in an authentic documest , called " The Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons . " Again , when thai parent of patriots , Mr . Crawford , brought forward his motion for the total abolition of tithes , Mr . O Connell voted with Mr . Peel , Sergeant Jackson , Mr . Lefroy , and all the Tories In the House at the time against ths

      motion , and afterwards had the face lo tell D 13 dupe * that Mr . Crawford ' s motion was calculated to OUSt the " Liberal" Government * and bring in the Tories . He ( Mr . O'Higgiws ) wtmld say nothing at present about the barefaced and open sale of the County of Dublin to lion-Repealers—the Couilty of Meath to non-Repealers —the County Kerry to non-Repealers—nor about the recommendation to the favours of tbe citizens of Dubliu , ttiose who congratulated the Marquis of Anglesey fur arresting Mr . O'Connell and others . He should reserve anything he had to say upon these subjects for a future occasion . He concluded by reading a lotter from Mr . A . M'Ker . z ' e , of . Bristol , which animadverted on the conduct cf Mr . O'Connell in very forcible terms . A person present evinced some disapprobation at it . Too Chairman interfered , and , the meeting being again composed , it was further addressed by Messrs . Lee and Wood : Thanks being given to the cbaiTiaan , the meeting separated in very good spirits .

      To The Landlords Of Ireland.

      TO THE LANDLORDS OF IRELAND .

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      P . S . Allow me to correct a few errors of the press which appeared in my last letter : —For " Groechi " read Graahii . For " Boetians" read Butiutis . I also find that my table of calculations was made to appear , in the first edition of the paper , completely iopsy turvy , by the blundering of a compositor , who was entrusted to niafce a trifling correction in the totals , l . ut who , instead of following the marks in the proofslip given to him , transposed the lines , and put the totals just where they were not wanted to be . Below I giro ,-igsin the table as it should have appeared at first—and as it did appear in the last edition of the paper .

      £ . e . d . Nine bags of wheat , at twenty stone the bag , at £ 1 5 j . the bag 11 5 0 Produce of a cow and half , valued at £ 8 per cow 1 2 0 0 Five barrels of oats , at fourteen stone the barrel , at 10 s . the barrel , or less than 9 d . perstone 2 10 0 Profit on four bacon pigs , fed from May to March , and bought at nine months old £ 2 10 a . each 10 0 0 Profit on four sheep , fatted after shearing , 10 a . ahead 2 0 0 Egts , poultry , linen , ( or spun flax ) 5 0 0

      Those amounts , added , make ... £ l ' 2 15 0 From which deduct : — Rent &nd rates Jl 0 0 Laid by for girls' portion and casualties , per annum 7 15 0 Total £ 18 15 0 which deducted from the £ 42 15 s ., leaves £ 24 to be annually expended in the manufacturing and commercial market .

      €F)Avti0t Izntelu&Ettce.

      € f ) avti 0 t IZntelU&ettce .

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      i ; ' - ^ ........ v ^ jd ^ r \ . J \ ^ ^ S m *^ tt ^^ , ¦ " * AND LEEDS GENEEJi , ADVEETISEE .

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      YOL . IY . NO . 194 . SATURDAYT" ? W ^ W" ^ 1- fMC % w « 'SZgfp ^ w ^ "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 31, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct861/page/1/