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Untitled Article
LANCASTER . COSGRATTJlATOItY MEETING ON THE LIBERATION OF JAMES BRONTERRE O'BRIEN , ESQ ., FROM TYRANNIC WHIG IMPRISONMENT IN LANCASTER CASTLE . As Friday last was the termination of Mr . Brcnterre O'Brien ' s eighteen month ' s incarceration ., the friecds of the teople " in Lancaster , and the admirers of a patriot " " Who dares be honest ia ihe worst of times "
resolved upon giving a public demonstration 01 the gritlfal feelings thi-y enttrtain towards him for the noble services ^ hich he tas rendered to the cause of humanity sn& freedom , aa ¦ w ell as to-testify to him how deeply their hearts sympatfiisa vrilh him in the sufLrin ^ s ^ nd -vrrongs -which he has en Jurat Mr . PiUing ' s spleaaid room "was engaged for the occasion , in ¦ which , previously to the more important business of the day being Sana into , about a hnndred of both sexes of the indsatricus classes partook of tea , & . -C At halfpast seven o ' clock , Mr . O'Brita entered the r ^ m , aecempanied by a number ef friends , who , with hands willing to labour for their livelihood , have hearts determined upon having tli « sa rights which the eemmands of God , as -well aa the dictates of reason , alike tfeelare ought never to have been "wrested fiosi their possession . On Mr . O'Brien's stepping upon the platform he wzs greeted with loud clipping of hands , which lasted for a considerable time .
Mr . J . T . Lcmd , of Lancaster , being unanimously called to the chair , briefly opened the procoeJings . He Eiid they bad on that evening met to congratulate a gentleman , who w-as second to none in the cause of humanity , upon his liberation from s . long and infamous imDiUoninent . He hoped that those present , to whatfrrer party in politics they migtt belong , would pay Ktention to what might be said—that they would reflect upon what they heard ; and not be disposed to receive any thiw ? which might appear extraordinary dangerous and wrong upon the mere ipse dii . it cf those ^ rho were enemies to the right * of the people . Mr . James Ma"wsos rote to move the first resolution ; ha raid he perfecuj r-cqniesced in the sentiments embodied in it . Mr . Joh . v PAHK . I 5 S 0 S seconded the resolution , -whi ^ was csrrie 4 amidst the most enthusiastic acclamations , and clapping of hnnis .
" That , in the opinion of tLis meeting , the practice o ! persecuting men for their political principles is not only iaconsistesi with justlca , but a manifestation of the worst species of tyranny ; we , therefore , hail with delight the liberation of Mr . Bronterre O Brien , from a cruel and nijnst imprisonment of eighteen month ? , Rr advocating the rights of the poor and unrepresented part of the people of this country . " J , B . OUhiex , Esq ., then came forward , when the dKering was long and loudly resumed . Hs said , my good friends of Lancaster , 1 am extremely sorry that upon this occasion I feel eo physically weak as to be unable ts ds you and myself that justice which your fc -inrir . RR . il to Hie entitles from me at your hands . I return you my mest sincere thanks for the honour you
have paid to me ; and it delights me to behold the sympathy which , through me , you have shown for the public cause . Tour presence here to night felly convinces me that political fas vwledge his penetrated the working classes e 7 en ef Lancaster : and tL _ t the threats lor you to absent yourselves have been thrawn away by your employers . ( Applause . ; It is a true gratification to me to see eo great a bo 3 y of honest men and women ready , in Epite of th : m , to d j this great act of public justice . I am not vain enough to suppose that it is merely to do me all possillo honour that you are here to-night . 1 cannot think bo vainly of Hiyself , and I wiil not thin * so meanly of joa . I {¦ .- . I that you are present to-night to tell the Government that instead of having your support of their recent recreant conduct , they have
your unqualified undisguised , det « sta * ion of their oppressive proceedings , iChews . ) Many of you may bo ignorant of the real circumstances why myself and others bave undergone imprisonment daring the last two years . I will tell you what mine was for , and it will then be fcr you to say if you ever heard cf bo atrocious a piece of ir . jusHoe before . I was incarcerated eighteen months on tha felon ' s side of Lancaster Castle ; having bran accused of having made a good speech . ( Cries of Skame and laughter . ) In tha body of the indictment were set forth sundry charges against na But it was for nothing more than appearing before an assemblage of my countrymen at Manchester by imitation , precisely in the same manner aa 1 appear before y # u on the present occasion : ao that if they
¦ were conspirators then , you are conspirators now ; and if I were a co-nspiroior then , so am I now ; for I am kere again , as you see , in precisely the same capacity as I m then : as that meeting , in its character , -was literally and identically the same as your own . The sentiments which I shall deliver to-night , are exactly those which I deliversd then : for nune shall escape from me this evening which are not in strict accordance with those for which I was imprisoned . \ Cheers s From the framing cf that indictment many have been taught to believe that 1 w ^ s tried for something like a Cato-sUcet plot—for Bomtthing done in the dark—for Borne secret diabolical act , whtre the magistrates could not come to take cogn : « nce of it . Aye , and if the Government of the country , and the magistrates oi of ?
Lancashire could a ^ ain lay to-raorrow , upon the same fabrics ' . ^ pretext of having made a speech in Lancaster landing to rouse you , its loyal inhabitants , to routs , riots , tumults , insurrection , and rebellion against the peaes of our Sovereign Lady the Queen , as the big-headed lawyer said ( such being some of the vords in the indictment ' , they would most gladly do so . Neither do I doubt that they would have cev difficulty in fic 4 ing twelve of the shopocracy ready to find me guilty upon the testimony of a poor reporter ; who , upon the trial coafessed to me , that ho vas only learning reporting . ( Laughter . ) >* ow it is a ¦ very curious thing thst it never occurred to this bigheaded lawyer , who has £ 2000 a year for prosecuting the peonle , " that I have addressed upwards of two
millions of my countrymen , at meetings consisting of from 50 to 100 , 000 , without either rout , riot , tumult , insurrection , or rebellion against the peace of our Sovereign Lidy ths Queen bung produced amongst them , and without the least tendency to any sush a thing likely to be produced . To judge of a man'sis . cts ought to be from tha tendency which arises from them . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) If no breach of the peace did take place ; if every meeting was us quiet and peaceable as any that ever was held within four walls ; if those present sanctioned every sentiment vrhich I uttered ; if I appeared there only at their cbtl request ; is it not morwtrons that a crown lawyer , living on the tas .-3 wrung from the people without their consent , should make ms 3 conspirator up » n the evidence of a silly Whig reporter
belongingto a silly Whig newspaper ? That this fellow , ¦ who was a notorious Whig hack , should have been allowed to have given evidence tgaiost me : * that of six thousand persons reedy to have come forward to depose to what I uttered thould go for no'Jiing—thit , this contemptible fellow should point out a conspirator against the Queen , hex crown and dignity , in direct opposition to that which actually took piatw ? If this is the re-¦ ward fcr fi ^ bting the battles of your rights and liberties for so rr , n-. ? months , is it to fee wonJ&red at by your eEemifcs that you should feel for those who , on that account , have been imprisoned , for so Easy months , i Cheers , i Let me tell you the character of my speeches , even according to the evidence of tti 3 Whig reporter , rather *>¦»• " reply to them to-night . The doctrine which I laid down was
Thai every man has zs good a right as every ether ttib-ti to the protection cf the state in which he lives , and of which he forms a part That every member of a community called upon to pay taxes to a state , t-i-ccmea rijhtfuilr entitled to his share of equal protection from that state . ~ That every mm , called upon to obey a law , has a tight to have a voice in making that law . That every man , who paid taxes to support a Gjfemmert , should have a share in forming that Government . Above all—Tfc&t if M 7 clus ; of men ou ; hi to be excluded from privileges , it oti ; h ; net io be the cli > s more usefnl than all *» he rest . ( Yeheaient clapping of hands . - )
Bach are the doctrines "which I advocated at 3 Ianchest £ r , and such are tho doctrines which I contend for here ; for not only is tfce c ' iss of the people the most u-eful . but ten times Vht ii ^» t r . uuitrL-us . Tiitn vrhy sh o iii U that class ; the u * = f : il and ncicerous in all countries be prevented , by the idle aad few , from forming a p : rtioa of th « Govermnsnt which they labour to support , and of assisting in framing ths Liture of the lawa bj TLkh they are t-o be govern ^ . ? Loud clapping of hands . "Who is it , I ask , who builds the " bridges , cats 'Jii canals , lays the rsilwajs , forms the' roads , raises the houses , p ' . mts the girdtn , rears the Eower , sows ths teed , reaps tf . e field , mans tfee navy , recruits the array , and & £ kla the battles cf our country , but the people—the p >; r abused , despised , degraded people .
l ' ct , for advocating their rights , the knave c' a Tj'iiig reporter ETore thst I was cdvocaUng routs , r ioU , tumults , iusiiirectioa and rebellion , against the ptico of oui so 7 erign iiZy the Que&n , her Cro ^ sn 2-Ld cignitj —but Bothing cf tfce kind was likely to occur , anv more than it is cow . There is o ^ o thi . - ^ -ffhich Ims something cx : rcni 5 l ; F ocutciEptiLle ab ^ ui * t . It U the pretext cf which the Government availed thenistlvc 3 , in laeir pr ^ cculijn of me . " I : v . as said ti ^ t ray srtecbis were st-diuoua and viole : ; -. —that I advised the riecDle to arm ; but I was no party concerned in such advice , if ai : y suc ^ ¦* ra 3 ever given to tLzui by others But as to aruiiiiS?—the scoundrel who gave evMenct
orsiast me , forgot ts tell the jnry that , for iwx years previous , the ccuutry had bec-ome familiar w » th the notion of arming ; for Oastler . Sivphc&s , und O'Connor , had stated tba : to arm was the people ' s const ; : ational right—that thi Urae had ecu :-, -wheH they -. rould be called neon to protect life and property : but tLcy never advised " them to arm to dcstr-: - j life an-i prop £ r ; y , Tuty icerely said ¦ ' ¦ We are menar-. l by tjiuacy ; it is right . , th&refo-v , that every m :. " in England should arm . in Sslf defecce ; the law cf L ' rglsrd entities him to have arms lor thst purpose ; ac f-.-r that purpcie the law of England cj ^ pelied him to L-re them , -v ? ben tht ConsUtatic-n was much more pure lhaa it ia now .
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James Bronterre O'Brien never did advise the people to arm . I was much more anxious to fill their minds with political knowledge ; but I did not tell them not to ami . In such matters I was but a silent spectator of whit was advised by other of thsir leaders . That charge should have been brought against Lord John Russell . For when he found that he was pecked at by the millions—when he found the House of Commons met with most indignant feelings by a bridge of the people ' s petitions—when ho found that the people would not be put down by proclamations—( for proclaaiations are Eot law )—ho commenced a system of persecution , he commenced a system of spying , and sending persons into their houses in search of arms , which was certain to make them desperate ; he also
called upon the Lord Lieutenants of the counties to ! issuo tbtir rescripts , anS call upon certain of the ini habitants to arm to defend life and property ; and ba | would find them with arms . Mind , if Lord John ' Russell had then advised them to arm ; every man has ' a right to arm—for no man has more right to do so than ' another . 1 hope that there is not a man nor a woman 1 in this room , "who will not be ready to sacrifica life and limb before any class of men in this country shall have , the exclusive , right of arming . I kcew that it was : every mans right to have arms to dsfend life and pro-. petty , and I knew that that was the law when I saw ; Lord John Russell making these invitations to those ! Cvttain classes to arm ; making no such invitation to I another class more useful and numerous—telling them
th » t ha wonld find them with arms for that purpose , although they had the least likelihood to get them . When I found out this « dodge , " as they say in Lancaster Castle ^—( laughter ;—I worked a dodge another way . I issued my rescript to the principal inhabitants , but there was this difference between us—he meant his to the drones , I maant mine to the bees . ( Applause and laughter . ) Tha Att 9 rney-General did not tell the Jury that the Government there had advised the peopie to arm . Bat still , if , I say , thoy have a right to arm , a man must keep his arms at home , unless when opposed to tyrants thould be ever be threatened to be invaded by them : for it is the duty then of evsry man to carry his musket out of his house when called upon , to driva his enemiea out of the
country . That is what I call sound constitutional doctriao—i . a voice in the crowd , so do I);—and here am I , after an eighteen months" imprisonment , for its ad-VDC 3 . L-V , ready to advocats the kubb doctrine again . ( Loud clapping of hands . ) "But , O ! " cries the Whig spy , "Mr . O'Briea ' s language was suffideat to alarm her Majesty ' s peaceable subjects . ( The tone of voice in \* hich ' peaceable' was pronounced produced roars of laughter . ) Nothing of the kind ; I made them all ob marry as Eky-larks . " Oh . ' but you did alarm some persons , " they say . No doubt of it at all—every rogue in the country . ( Continued laughter . ) If a farmer goes out with his gun loaded with powder and shot to drive away the rooks stealing his crop , is the farmer to whom the field belongs to drive avray those rooks , or
they are to drive away him—( universal laughter ;?—and and if he knows how to do the former without alarming them , he is a great deal wiser man than I am . ( Renewed laughter . ) Well , then , if I did alarm any portion of her Majesty's subjects , it was tho worst portion of them—that portion of them which should have been long transported beyond tha seas for the term of their natural lives . ( Hear , and cheers . ) Alarm such of her Majesty's subjects , indeed ! Have not I aa much right to alarm them , as they to make acts of Parliament to alarm you and me . 1 mentioned this to the prosecutor , Mr . Dandas , and the judge , at Newcastle , and the counsel ; but as they did not succeed there , they sent me over to Liverpool , and from thence to Lancaster Castle , although no one ever went
away from any oi my speethes alarmed ; although no breach of the peace ever occurred at them , or followed any of them—thuy went away under the impression that they had heard righc principles , entitled to weight from every thinking man in the community . But Mr . DoncUs , said 1 , if I did alarm a few rogues , had I not as muck ri ^ ht to make a speech to alarm them , as you have to make one to alarm me , for I never was so alarmed in all my life as I was by your opening speeches . Never was an article in the Times , against the Whig Government , when in Dowaing-street , the Whig Lord Chancellor , Use ten Whig judges , or the three Whig ambassadors , without alarming them , — Usughter . t—and still more would they have been alarmed if they knew that they wer « to have been
Lakta up and prosecuted on a charge of wrongfully pockeUing the public money . Is it not monstrous then , thai such men should have the power cf making crituika ! s of others , when they themselves should have been placed in the deck . It is the same case now ; ibere is no difference between Whig and Tory . They have made a law proclaiming trial by jury , and that no man shall be tried but by a jury of his petrt ; and jet , by the law , keeping a working man from beirg a juror . They had no right to make such a law ; I was not tried by a jury of my peers ; but by a jury of that class , the tools of that odious and despised administration , the members of which , during the last nine years , have cast intj prison more of their fellowcresturt . 3 than any other . I was tried by twelve rich
men ; not by those who toil , " neither do they toil , neither do they spin , " yet they make others for them , " guiher into barns . " ( Applause . ) Now , my friends of Lancaster , so lo ^ g as the people have no voice in making the laws , and no share in administering the lairs . So long as they have no power over the magistrates who deal oat those laws , they never , never , ntver will , a * a c " i . u > d , be poas « 8 sed of any property . In this country , England , Ireland , and ScoUaud , according , to the census just tahtn , there are twenty-stven millions of people . Out of these , there are full twenty millions whose property , when gathered together , after all their deblsiiad been taken from it , would not have beyond a 3 much as would pay for a lawyer ' s wig . Now , if out cf these twenty-seven millions , twenty millions make
all the property , the devil ' s in it if they havo not been most egregiously humbugged by some one . ( Cheers and " laughter . ) Now , no ona will be a beggar , if he can help i ; ; no one will work for another if he can help it ; no one wiil growpoorif hecanhelpit . The governmentsaj's the people have not sufficient knowledge to be entrusted with political power . The Scriptures say , " The people die because of their want of knowledge . " How does the British Government offer to teach the people ? By a prooe ^ s of crooked ways . I wanted to make them equal to their rulers themselves by straightforward lueans . My place , therefore , -was in the House of Gvaarcons , amongst the "Honourable Gentlemen , " and not in Lancaster Cattle among thievea . iLoud clapging oi hands . ) I have referred to Acts of Parliament
on political economy to see what the landed Interest derive from the land . Were I to offer to enter into details now , I should keep you four times twenty-four hours . But if yeu will just go back for eighty years you will find that rents were not then one-fourth of what they are now . At present the amount is sixty millions . You will find , in like manner , that the amount of funded property has increased fourfold during the last forty years . The taxes in the eighty years have been quadrupled ; whilst in the same period the f aaded debt has been stven times increased . The fuuded property increasing is only through the increase of tha produce of your labour—so also with regard to rents ; for each is the abstraction of what should be your funds ; so with labour , your taxes increase , ftr
the Government will then have more palaces for themselves , and more soldiers to put you down , if , after listening to their spies s&nt out to entrap you , you are unXoxlunateiy led into outrages , such * s at Bristol and Nottingham , and into othtr " riots , tumults , insurrections , rebellions , " and so forth . ( Applause . ) Then again , the more wealthy tke rich , so many more gamekeepers and tenters do they keep to administer solely to their own eratificatioaa aid sport . Tbere are eight thousand keepers , each computed to have two tenters , to secure that game to the aristocracy , which was formerly any body ' s property , and food for any body . God Almighty had given it as such . But the arisu > - cr&cy made a law , saying that no one Bhould kill it but themselves ; and they gave the ugly name cf " poacher "
to any poor fellow for merely doing that which they did : ii under that epithet a poor fellow was brought up , although in othtr respects he received the best character that nun tver got , as snro es God mode Moses , the magistrates vreuld transport him . ( Loud applause and Laughter .. i Thsn , again , there was the pretseJts service to keep the poor icaa from tasting a foreign luxury . The local rates have increased four limes what they used to be—whilst less goes to the relief of the ycor , the rest goes to retain persons shut up bi -vvorldiousss , while , with ail his txtrtisns , the labouring man is daily becoming poorer . The landlord drives nothing as a quid pro quo . He does not give jpu jour malt : the soldiers lire not called out by fciui to defeni you , but oftener te shoot you . tEear . )
A < the iiad is limited in extent , the landloid can make it tvi ^ at rent he li kes ; he can give it oat in allotii-cats , taking from the little farmers , whom Lu thus drivta out of the country , to consolidate several small ones into one large one , and small farmers a ; e thus sent into the towns to compete wiih your VDouiin ^ manufacturers , and this increases the landlords grt ^ s rental , / or , as the consequence ef his sending the suiu ' . l JanntTs , and their servants into the towns , iu ihelo-j-eri » g of wages , lie mates manufactures cheaper ; und thus he pets out of that cheapened product of your Labour , an iitcrts . se to his income , by obtaining the smiic quantity of _ ci ; ui- for much less money , or a much greater quantity fj . ~ ihe same money , iha : i l . c did forty years ago . This is : ne case with muslins aud calicos , silks , and cottons . if the farmer , the tenant , gives them the saint rent , the . ai . Jiord's income , by the lit-orsciation in the price of manufactured articles , will be increased ten-folu . It is thy same with othtr articles ia Binn . ngham , Sheffield ,
and other places ; so tha ; Eot only is the ' income of the : anditrds , but also that of the fund lords incr < - . ised—as taxes have likewise increased ; the more y < u , the producers , have to pay , cot £ ; q , ;; z \ : y the poisr-. v you must become . The fundholder isas . « ¦ ¦ -me aJrj ^ laro over the landlord , net only us to his income iucreasing , but also ts to the value of that income . In 1812 , if an individual he'd stock in the Three per Cents , he could OEly get £ G 0 for it ; but if he sold out the saiiie . 'tock now , he could get £ 90 for it , so that hi could _' . ao i ^ uch ir .-Mioy and a naif f < . r it . But si . t only that , that incu < . y is increased twofold . Why ? ceu-. n « s your i-. ibcur Las become cheaper , so that he can buy more of it for less money . This is property in-• iieas : d in one way , whilst Government increases it in another . These zrc the things which I want to show -ho ccuntry . 1 cannot enter in : o them new : I am yrJy bating to you things itto which , at some more favjurable timo I hope I ehall have an oppor-
Untitled Article
tunity of entering folly into all the minutiae . ( Hear . ) As machinery has increased , the Government , by granting Acts of Parliament , has increased canals , railroads , mines , and so forth , without the people having the slightest property benefit in them . Would that have been , had they bad a share in making the laws T No I not for a moment . As the landlords hive the power of making laws , the statute law is the law of usurpation . They have also made the produce of the land smaller . Out of a farm of 500 acres , there is not so much produced at there used to be out of one of fifty , which everybody knows . Largo farmers employ as few hands as possible : and will throw their land into pasture for beeves , exen , sheep , and so forth . But if the 500 acre farm
was divided into smaller ones , more would necessarily be produced than now , as more hands would be employed in their cultivation ; consequently there would be a greater demand for your labour ; and then you 'will have better opportunities of wilting more favourable terms for yourselves with your employers . If a thousand persons oat of Manchester , Boltori , or Blackburn were on farms , they would be increasing food . Bat this chance for them has beeu knocked ou tbe bead by the monopolist , and this great evil is increased by the money-monger . Speak of these things to the great farmer , it is nothing to him : through it , he supports his farm , for he aids in the great deadly competition in the towns ; and thus will the evil continue increasing till you are completely ground down ,
which never could have taken place , if a portion of you had been upon the land . It is the interest of ovory man who Las money to keep down him who has none ; and this will go on , bo long as the people have no share in tho administration , producing riots , tumults , disturbances , insurrections , and rebellions , until the poor man is as rotten as Mark Anthony . ( Hear . ) If 20 men out of employment go into a town , where 200 men are employed belonging to that town , wages always become lower , for they who have entered the town must consent to taka under wages , before they who have money in their pockets will engage them . Every man who owns money has a deep-rooted interest in cheapening labour , cous ^ quuiitly in cheapening whatever labour can produce , aad why
do you stand in this predicament ? It is because yoa have no power in making the law , that jou have no property . What a damning piece of inipuaeuce then it is for the scoundrel money-mongers to say " you shall have no voice in the legislation , because you bave no property . " That beats Bannagan , as Bannagan beats the devil . ( Cheers and laughter . ) The right of the peoplo to voto is admitted , but then the Government says thty havo not intelligence enough to be entrusted with that power . Wby , from the oppression of the laws you an left little enough to obtain food to eat , much less to have any ; wherewith to educate your children . ( Applause . ) But then if you become possessed of a certain amount of property , however uneducated you are , you can vote . 1 dtny the right of
property to qualify a man to vote . The most ignorant man amongst you h . ia intelligence enough to vote at an election . Thy right of property does not give it—a man knows his friend from his foe—he knows when ho goes up to the poll for whom be intended to vote , and whether the name of Jem Thempson or Tom Styles is the moBt fit fer the ballot-box , for without any political knowledge he knows that one man is wiser than another man . If your wife or child be ill , without having Btuiiied maieria medica , or pliannacopwia , you find out a good doctor from a quack . In this tawn , though a stranger , I could soon finU out the good lawyer from the bud one , and the good master from the bad one . I could soon get in a list of the pinch-paupers , who would shave a mouse
asleep and a cat awake , a cow-headed hog or a devil . ( Cheers and laughter . ) Some of you could furnish me with the list You know who are the clever in en . Now you think aia clever among the Chartists ; but ; I am not so : but supposing I aru , then you know many things which I don't know ; yet if opposed to pinch pauper—a Poor-Law scoundrel , you would choose me instead of him—not for my sake , but your own . You would be great fools if you did not . As want of knowledge does not prevent you from finding out a good doctor , the not knowing bow to draw oat Acts of Parliament would not prevent you from selecting a clever man as your representative . Tho moment you elect me for Lancaster , if you should do so , I will stand by you , and would go up to the House and face those
half hypocritical scoundrels who reject a Ten Hours ' Factory Bill , and in tha next breath tell you to go to Caurch and believe all that the parson says . ( Liughter . ) Then again lcok at those sitting up to instruct the country , Brougham , Birkbeck , am ! Knight The doctor talks about the increase of the capital of the conntry . He says , " the more the stock in the country , the mere the capital "—the mor < j means he should have said to increase the despots of the country . He tells the people , too , in a letter , when there is a greater doraand for labour than can be supplied ; xor them to go out of the labour , and turn capitalists I recommends men , who have not a penny to buy a red herring with , to turn capitalists ! I ( Great laughter . ) Another dissemination of intelligence is the Penny Magszine , and what
noes that consist of ? ilow high is the ball of St Paul ' s in London , and bow much higher is the dome of St Peters at Rome—what's tho extent of the parish of Laguana in Jamaica—what ' s the distance from the base to the top of the Andes—whit was the diftsreuce between a camel and a dromedary : bow the first had got two humps on its back , and the latter but one ? It stated how spiders had been lately discovered making diving bells in the sea iu fine weather—how tho kangaroo hopped on its hind legs , and in time of danger took its young into its paunch—bow a caterjillnr before changing had eighteen legs , but that when it became a butterfly it had only ten ; but with all the clovtrness of writers they cannot discover what becomes of the other six . ? iovr , is it not enough to make a quaker
kick bis mother , or a parson swear like a trooper at such trumpery trash . ( K > ars < . f laughter , ) And , this too , called educating the people . ( Hear . ) Why Chartism has only made a partial way in enlightening the people in true political knowledge , has been tkrough want of union in the leaders . [ After having gone thus far at full length , necessity forces a generalization . ] Mr . O'Britn , in proceeding , stated that he could have been elected at Nawcastle by 11 , 000 against either of the present members if he had the necessary qualification : that either of them just as much represented the men of Newcastle as he did the Great Mogul . It waa not till the reign of Henry VI . that any property qualification was introduced ; and there was never any going to the poll , unless the ( how of ba&Js was so nearly
balanced that a preponderating majority could not be determined on . and tken they went to the poll ; that was to count heads . As to Mr . Ord ( said Mr . O'Brien ) , although not a bad hearted uvau , ¦ was tmp \ y uifuicnt in the head . In the House he was called the silent member ; and , as Sir Robert Peel had said of the late Cuancallor , if he attempted t » look for brains , or ideas for a speech , be would find himself fisbiog iu a bottomless sea of deficiency . Thero was one raoat important point upon which Mr . O'Brien most anxiously dwelt , considering it tiie very life-breath of Chartism . He wanted four hundred of the best men in the country tu bu elected as the representatives : then for them to meat in same central plnco , such as Manchwur , being vested with full plenipotentiary powers to act ou
behalf of their body . They shall proceed with petitions to the House of Commons as times should call forth . If five hundred thousand of the people would then stand by them , they could speak out a good old-faahientd constitutional language to the different members . If it were thought not necessary for so many to go , the project would be given up , and the business be transacted by a petitioning body . He was of opinion that all other labour ought to be given up t « look after bo great a national regeneration . If the Chartists followed this will-o' -tho-wiip and that will-a ' -tlie-wisp —if their leaders were not indiasolubly united , whatever exertions were made , or plans iaid down , they would never succeed . Mr . O'Brien tLtn described his imprisonment , as he sat upon a three-legged stool , made
of part of a gallows , and his cell waa the one ia which convicted murderers used to be placed . He then asserted it waa class legislation that was the country ' s bane . He was able to prove tLat under a just eastern of laws , such as the people wculd make for themselves , every man could get the comforts of life by fair aud moderate labour . He cwuplained of ujonupolies , especially of railroads , which would be a tax of ten per cent npon the country . Since the proprietors were protected by Act of Parliament , enly certain persons were benefitted by them . If they i ay the Companies ten per cent , they could bave paid the Government , and then all clashes would have besn bentfitted . He begged of no one to go away under tbe impression that he wished to say or even to
insinuate that they had a right to take away a man ' s property , even by law . ( Hear , hear . ) He advocated no Agrariiinism . If he ha ; l the assisting in making laws as to property ih- » richest man in the country sheuld remain in unuisturbed possession of hU wealth : l-at as scon as his breath was out of his body , then ail hia estates , whether Had , funds , or bank stock , should be brought into tiie market to be sold . His heirs should get for the property v . hat in the market it would brins ; but it ( the property ilstlfj should go to government . By his p-an every man in tho community would be cosiioTtaV . e—not rich ; he would shew men how to get bread by lioneit means , without grinding their fellov-men down . He was willing to protest that they who have ali , the wealth , he cared not how
dialgnated whether as money in the funds , bank etock , cr whatever it might be called , ( though there was no sucb \ things in ancient times , for the P ^ pe would Lave ixco : ijiuur . ic ^ ttd the possessors for Ubuiy ) should kttp it ; : but he should not be allowed to add any mow to it : At present , apeison having £ l 0 , 0 l > Q stock in Thread- j needle-sSreet , receives it back again every twenty years . The national debt was one hundred and forty years old . ! llic £ re ; ientiers gctfive per cent upon their loan : and ! they to whom they sold it also gets five per cent , i bringing b ^ ek the originiai bum every twenty y . &rs ; ao that what was borrowed one hundred and forty years ago has betu paid seven times over ! and this too by a government borrowing money without tho consent of j the people . It waa not until Henry Y l llths time that i
there wire no laws against usury ; so ic appeared tfcit ' if era Parliament made a law , it was uos in-, iolablebut \ that another might alter it In conclusion , wiUi i glowing animation Mr . O'Brien said , " Althtugh for ! wishing that s , n £ h . n Parliament might turn to tha 1 ways of humanity , the laws of God , aui tbe cause of common sense , I bave been sent to Lancaster Castie . No Government , however , shall put me down , nor !
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make me bend the knee at the shrine of Mammon . Cruel' tyrants may prosecute , and base traitors be sent to corrupt , but virtue and courage protect themselves . ( Loud cheers . ) My kind friends of Lancaster , for I hope you will allow me to call yoa so , your act of this sight sweeps away from my mind the verdict of the Jary , and obliterates for ever from my heart the sorrow it occasioned—deep-seated joy is now beating there instead ; for you have proved to roe thai liberty ia imperishable ; and that each surrounding day she is more loudly called upon ; until at last she will come , rejoicingly , to overshadow onr land with her snow-white wings . " After tbanking the company , Mr . O'Brien sat down amidst deafening cheers and clapping of hands . Mr . John Harbison moved the seconded tha resolution : —
"It is the opinion of this meeting ( hat the misery , destitution , poverty , and slavery endured by the industrious millions of this country is caused by class legislation ; and tbe only effectual means of removing these evils from amongst na , is , by making the principles contained in the People ' s Charter the law of the land ; and thnt the thanks of this meeting are due , and hereby given to Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., the duageon-preof patriot , and all the other brave men who have suffered imprisonment for advocating the tbe causo of the poor oppressed ; and \ re pledge ourselves to give them all the assistance in our power until the principles of universal liberty bo firmly established as the iawa of the British nation . " Mr . Wm . Fothergill seconded it , and it was carried by acclammation .
Mr . BeagleY , delegate from Accrington , then spoko very effectively . He condemned the Tories to perdition , and said that he would rather go to the bottomless pit , to rake up ona of the vilest of its imps , to send into Parliament , sooner than roto for a Tory . No corrupt Government should eter put him down , for he would stand up the advocate of liberty , universal liberty , to his last hour . He then ranged over the points of the Charter , with the principles of which the readers of the Charter are by this time so familiar , that it is not necessary to follow the worthy delegate . He was loudly cheered at the conclusion , as well as frequently during his very excellent speech .
Mr . O'Brien then arose , and most feelingly exhorted tbe Chartists not to be entrapped into overt acts , such as had taken place at Nottingham and Bristol , through the infernal machinations of Government spies , who were sent out under tbe guise of friends , to lead the people into outrage , so that a pretext might be given for butchering them , whilst gagging bills , and other measures , were passed . to enslave them . Thanks being given to Mr . Lund , for bis able conduct in tbe chair , the meeting broke up . Therroom throughout the proceedings was crowded almost to suffocation .
Although long confinement Las evidently much debilitated Mr . O'Brien , the friends of the noble uncompromising patriot will be glad to hear that bis spirits are as good as ever ; bis courage is unsubdued ; his mind seemingly , if possible , more activo ; and his determination to battle even unto death , until tbe People ' s Charter becomes the law of the land , indomitable . Oh . ' it is a glorious sight thus to behold the Heavencalled leaders of the people with renewed energies and resolution . ' Sir Robert has succeeded Lord John . But let him turn away with indifference at tho presentation ef tbe people ' s petition for tbe Charter , and bis downfall from that moment is doomed ; and he and his party shall stink in the nostrils of men . From thence
Tories and Toryism are banished the ( Kingdom for ever , whilst their very names shall become a bye-word and scorn amongst men .
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GRAND CHAETIST DEMONSTRATIONS . O'CONNOR AT MANCHESTER . In the last week ' s Star we reported at great length the interesting proceedings of tho Chartists of Birmingham in doing honour to the man of the people ' s choice—Feargus O'Connor . This week we have a repetition of his triumphant progress , if possible , ou a greatly extended scale at Manchester ; in fact , tho oldest man living remembers not a Eceneevea in that important town equal to what was presented on Monday last . In proceeding to narrate tho occurrences of the day we must begin at the beginning , and not omit due honour to even a country village , occupying , as it did on that day , the post of pioneer to one of the most glorious demonstrations ever held ; and proceeding thus , we first notice the
PUBLIC BREAKFAST AT ECCLES . Mr . O'Connor was met at Eccles at ten o ' clock in the morning , at which place he arrived by rdiiway-tram , by hundreds oi' tho brave lads of titat village . The bridge at the railway station was crowded to excess , and no sooner was the wellkuown form of the noble patriot recognised , than a shout which rent the air was raised ; tho cheering was continued throughout his entire route to the Hare aud Hounds Inn , in tho most enthusiastic main > er , and it was indeed a eight calculated to inspire tho coldest heart , when O'Connor , surrounded by a host of the recently liberated patriots , was hailed as the head of all . Au excellent band of musio was in attendance which struck up the air , " See tha conquering hero comes , " and the whole mass formed into procession , accompanied by the banners and musio .
Tho breakfast was provided by Mr . Catterall , the worthy host of tho Hare aud Hounds , upon whom it reflected not only credit but absolute honour . It was a most substantial repast , and was served up in a style , which few even of the first-rato houses could excel , and all without tho slightest confusion . Tho number of tickets sold amounted to nearly two hundred and tho discussion of the good things occupied the party nearly iwo hours . During this time , the band paraded the village , and a commodious hustings having boen erocitd , thousands were assembled to hear O'Connor's address . It had rained heavily during the night , but the day was beautifully fine and the scene exhilarating .
Mr . O Bnen arrived at half-past eleven o ' clock by the train from Preston ; tho appearanco of tho "schoolmaster" once more " abroad , " called forth renewed plaudits . We wero sorry to obsorve that he was in a very delicate state of health , and had a care-worn appearance ; his spirit , however , is unbroken , and his scholars are threatened with tha terrors of his tonguo , if they do not progress rapidly in their education . Tho fault will be none of his , if they db not know bow to agitato for their rights . At twelve o ' clock , Mr . O'Connor and the other patriots , accompanied tho Eccles Chartists to the hustings , and Mr . Wm . Non-id was unanimously called to the chair .
The Chairman said he would not detain them from the pleasure of hearing the addresses of those patriots who we » about to speak , further than to congratulate them upon the glorious rise and progress of the principles of Chartism in Eccles , and on thu numbers then assembled in honour of tho brave O'Connor and his worthy compatriots . Mr . Geouge Lindsay said he was happy to have the opportunity of meeting so goodly nn assembly as he saw before him on the present occasion , when they were met to do honour to those who had sacriHced their liberty In defence of thtir principles—principles which he hoped all present wero determined to assist in carrying out ( Hear , Lear , hear . ) He regretted his inability to do justice to the merits of
those brave , those noble patriots , by whom he was surrounded ; but though he was at a loss for words to express his feelings , he would yield to no man in zeal and determination in the promotion of that cause in which they were engaged , and in tho success of which they all felt 80 warm an interest . ( Cheers . ) He hoped that all would see tho propriety of unitiug heart and hand in encouraging those who had suffered persecution aud prosecution for the sake of the cause ; and that they would come forward and lend a willing band in obtaining the Charter . ( Cheers . ) They would then have no cause for further agitation—the way would be paved for good government , and equal justice to each and to all . A « address had been prepared to present to the patriots , the adoption of which he had great pleasure in moving , ana which lie read , an follows : —
Most Koule and u . ndaunted P . vtiuots , —We , the Chartists of Busies , and surrounding districts , meet you on the present important occasion with hearts full of gratitude find esteem , for having the moral courage to brave all the storms and . per .--ccu : iona cf Wi . ig tyranny , with that spirit of fortitude , a : al , and determination , which btcomes you ashontst and disinterested philanthropists . It is not cur intention of pointing out the many proofs of vour siccerity and altushir . obt in advocatisg the cause of suffering humanity , which is apparent to
every iGver of bis species , and which would take volumes to do justice to your -worth . Suffice it to say , that you havs nobly and Bjanfuily defended our rights , and for so doing , have suffered Whig vengeance aud persecution unparalleled in the history of this our oppressed country . While your bodies were entombed in tbe loathsome and silent dungeon , jour spirits soared aloft to commune with those of former ages , in order to restore peace and comfort to the industrious paasant , and wress from our tyrants' grasp thote rights and privileges which God gave to inun in the beginning , as a punishment for his disobedience .
Yes ! noble patriots , you have sacrificed eveiything dear to your physical onjuymenta in the search after conuoits to the haui ; m family ; bat , thank God I you arc uow amongst us once more , Vj cheer us on in tbe gnod work of human redemption . Wo , thbiti ' ore , htariily congratulate you on your rutuia to breathe tho fresh air of heaven ; hoping you will live to er , joy many happy days undc ? the Charter tree of liberty , and sincerely thanking you for your past services , having full confidence in your future course , we are determined , at all hazards , to cive you our un-
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divided support in all your constitutional endeavours , until the -whole Charter , and nothing less than the Charter , crowns us with success . We remain , Noble Patriots , Youra , in the cause of freedom , In behalf of the National Charter Association , ( Signed ) George Lindsay , Sub-Secretary . : The address wasbeautifully written on an embossed sheet of paper , and was neatly edged with green ribbon and decoroted with the portraits of O'Connor and O'Brien . Mr . David Morrison , in a few words , seconded tho address , which was put by the Chairman , and carried unanimously amidst tremendous cheering . The Chairman : said th&t Feargus O'Connor , the celebrated advocate of the people ' s rights and popular liberty , would next address the meeting .. _
Mr . O'Connor , in coming forward , was received with enthusiastic cheering . On Its subsiding ,. he .. said , Mr . Chairman and brother Chartists of Ecclcs , I think I now stand in a better position than does Sir Robert Peel , the Prime Minister of England . < Hear . ) He is only a quack called in by a faction to cure their disorders ; but I stand here with my diploma—[ exhibiting the Eccles address . ]—and called in by the men of Bccles to cure their disorders . ( Laughter . ) Note , without saying one word about the sacrifices which I havo made , as stated in the address , which I deny ; but if I had , the expressions in this document is my best reward . ( Hear . ) When I came amoegst you at first , L found very few adults advocating the principles of the Charter , but that you wero split into sections and
factions ; but what did I find this morning?—not only the congregation of men grown grey in the good cause , but a yonth , a mere strippling , addressing you upon the principles of democracy . ( Hear . ) I listened to a portion of his observations with some interest ; and to one thing I beg to differ , which was , that when the Charter became the law of the iand , that we should have neither standing army , nor . police . Now , when the Charter ia passed , every man will become a aoit of national soldier , and the sous of placemen and statesmen would receive proniotiou acaccording to their merits —( h « ar ) , —and that policemen would be the first to promote the peace of their country instead of breaking it ( Hear , hear . ) it is cue of the tactics of a good general , before he storms a
garrison , to get possession of the outposts ; and really , if Manchester was backward in the good cause , which , thauk God , is not the caao , wby , I should certainly . take it from tbe Eccles side , and fall back upon some of the other villages near thereabouts . ( Cheering . ; In those villages fortunately fvr us the enemy bos not got so valuable a footing even with the aid of their splendid houses . There are plenty of huta ; and may be they will pass into one of those huts , aud from thence into tbe workhouse yet ( Laughter und hear . ) But they begin to smell a rat They have no objections to the Charter . ( Hear . ) Oh no , " they say , " we bave no objection to the Charter , not we , indeed , provided we cau derive more benefit from the working classes , than by means of the Charter . " ( Hear , hear , and That's
true . ) The working classes have now been robbed by both the Whig and Tory factions ; and the workiug people notrcomo forward and say , " all tLat we waut is , to let all classes live honestly and at peace . " ( Much cheering ) We do not waut war—wo do not desire bloodshed—we do not threaten violence . All that we want is Universal Suffrage . ( Hear , hear . ) Yet , those whose rights we wish to share , would , after all , have recourse to physical force rather than yield up any of their monopoly . They havo thrown you uponyour own reauurcea ; and I f upposo thu workhouse is the next thing . ( Htar . ) They have p cked tha bones and thon they s ^ y tint the Chartists may come in and pick them—just a day after the fair . ( Laughter . ) God baa left us fcufficient for our wants , if all of you bad what
belongs to you , I mean common justice and bone-sty ; and in advocating which , there are not many whoh ^ ve suffered more thau myself . ( No , no . ) But we must all bo brtf . I have got to speak again to day : I have also to address the people of Manchester , Leeds , and Sheffield ; and therefore I'd better save my breath to cool iny porridge with there . ( Laughter . ) Besides , there are otheis who wish to say something to you , in respect to the address . As for myself , the assembly i see before me , win , if I have been at all short , propel me to greater exertions . I advise you to look to . the com and thechitif , ar . d to get rid of the chaff aa soon as may be . You all know about slippery Bobby . Well ; now , we would not take the Russell purge , aud I am sure you will never swallow the Peel elixir . ( Ciiears
ami laughter . ) When 1 was in the Houso of Commons the other day , I thought I never saw such a set—regular niucompoops—considerably worse than thoss who sat in the House when I wa 3 a member . ( Hear . ) Peel knows very well that although he may bully the Whigs ; that it ia of no use bullying us . We are not made of that sort of stuff It is a rtmarkablo fact , and to the credit of the Cliartists be it spoken , that oat of nearly' 600 persons incarcerated by the Whigs for advocating tne People's Charter , we have not had a single traitor . Will not this convince them of the righteousness , of our cause . But we see plenty of traitors both amongst the Tory and Whig factions —( tear)—yes , Wskley , the Coroner , has turned traitor . We Chartists do : not intend to commit suicide , ao that we shall not want the
services of Mr . Wekley for an iEQtaeit ; but both the Whig and Tory factions may commit stlf destruction and therefore may require Wakley , the Coroner . ( Applause and hear . ) We have turned out the Whigs , and the Tories have succeeded thaui uutil we have , an opportunity cf turning them out also . ( Hear . ) Our Btruggle is the causa of the Buffering raillions^—it is the cause of right n ^ aiast might ; it is the cause of the blistered bands , tbo fustian jackets , and the unshorn china . ( Cheers . ) Yeu have only to be determined—to be united—and the Charter is ours . What man dare do for your cause , I dare ; I cannot aay mora ; and wherever you go , I will go with you . ' Hear , hear . ) That I suppose is nil you want , and I will go for whatever you want . We want the Charter for every male of sound mind , at tke age of 21 . This is -what
we want , and we will not give way one single inch . United , together we stand—divided we fall . ( Cheers . ) My brother Chartists , there are other individuals mimed in the address , and therefore I must retire and make room for them . So my friends , I ^ must conclude ; but before doing so I must again congratulate you that we have defeated the Whigs , and we have now got our feet upon them . ( Hear , and hurrah . ) We have provided their coffins aud laid them decently in ; at any rate they caunot now gee into our pockets . ( Hear and laughter . ) Bnt mind what I say ; the Chartists will also put down the Tories . We will than pui them under tho Whigs , and if the weight of tha Whigs won't keep even tho d—1 down , why then I am no judge . ( Much laughter , which wan succeeded by reiterated hurxabj , amidst which Mr . O'Connor retired ..
Mr . Benbow wan received with loud cheers . He thanked thorn conluUy for the proof of their affection conveyed in tho address which had beeu just read , and hoped eve ? to merit their confidence . In the course of a few brief but excellent observations , Mr . Banbow contrasted tbe condition of the mats of the people with that of their oppressors , and ably exposed tbe iniquity of class legiaiaiiou , to the existence of which tbe evil was muiiil . v to ba ascribed . The rich oppressor enjoyed everything in abnnvi&nce , - while tbe poor oppressed , who toiled aud produced everything , were clothed v . 'itii rajs , aud were on the very ver ^ e of starvation . But the day waa not far distant when Englishmen would be free . They had already been taught how they were to obtain their liberties , and , with God ' s blessing on the means , they would not long ba deprived of their enjoyment . ( Chetri ) If the working classes were not happy it w » ia their own faults ; they alono were to blame if thoy became indifferent to their own rights
and liberties . He should be ashamed of them if they tiid not work out their own political redemption . ( Cheers . ) The time was not distant when they must have ' a national holiday ; but it must be general , not partial . It must not ba alone a holiday at Manchester aud Ecclcs , but throughout the whole laud , from , the centre even to the circumference . Their honour aa well as their happiness was iuvolved in the issue , and . be called on them to make their voices heard . He asked them if they were prepared to go with him , to help him by the sacrifice of one day to gain the Charter of universal liberty . If they were determined , so was ha , tut he would not work with a traitor ; they must have none of them . If they were willing to help him in this , he called upon them to hold up their hauds ( A forest of " biisters" was at once elevated . ) He thanked them for that ; he sincerely and heartily thanked then not only for the a-. Mrtss which they had presented to him , but for their determination to be free . Mr . Benbow retired aruidat lead Cheew .
The K = v . Mr . Jackson , of Manchester , was next announcad , and was received with great cheering . He said that along with . the preceding speakers ha thanked them cordially and Bincerely for the address in which bis rasio was associatei ! . He agreed \ ri ; h his friend Benbow in the propriety of a geueral national holiday , and hop-d they would never ceise their agitation till tho Charter became the law of the land . The greatest eneruits against which they fcr . ri to contend were the ministers uf the Gcspel ;—( hear , hear , }—and to bring them to , to advised them to stop tiie supplies , and they would eoon cither bu driven from their pulpits , or be led to join the rauks < i tho people . ( Hear , hear . ) He ( . ailed upon thoia io unite us oub man . He had come cut to advocate thu Charter , t , iid he was prepared , if necesBary , to lay down his life in the cause . The speaker retired aiuids-t yreatcheeriug . Mr . John Barker cordially thanked them for including his name in tbo list of patriots .
Sir . Wheeler , tbo nged veteran of Manchester , returned thanks on beh . iif of his son-in-law , John Livesey , who , though present was so very modest that he a ere not Ehow h ' ia face . ( Loud cheers ' and laughter . ) Mr . David Momuson , after a few brief remarks proposed tho follofrthg resolution : — ' " That this meeting ia of opinion that justice will never be done to this country until the whole peoofe be faithfully represented in the Commons' House * oi Parliament ; and tht we pledge ourselves never to cease agitating in tbo glorious work we have begun until our exertions have been crowned with success , by the Charter , the wbolo Charter , and nothing less than the Charter becoming the law of the land . " Mr . Siieaeer seconded the resolution , and sat . ! , that tad there been move time he had intendra '
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have administered a little wholesome advice to tln !» dear friends , the middle classes , particularly some rf the publicans , who reviled the Chartists , and app ] U * to them all kinds of opprobrious epithets , making to ^ tt thieves and firebrands . If , hewever , they would com . forward and meet him , he would endeavour to eoa vince them , by fair argument , that the Chartists wen ia the right ( Hear and cheers . ) He congratulated them on their noble position , and hoped they wwZ determined to join band in hand , and stand side b > side until they obtained the Charter , ( cheers . )
Mr . O'Bbien , who had only arrived a ahort tint before , here came forward , evidently labouring und * declining health . He was received with tremendom cheers , and addressed the assembly , in very few * QKi , expressive of his pleasure at meeting them ; first , ££ causa it was a proof that he was not a prisoner ¦ m . cond , bacause be saw they were glad to see him / ana thirdly , because- he saw before him so many hapn » faces—a sight to which he bad long been a stranger u ¦ within the dungeon walla there were few happy & » to be wen . He rejoiced in the opportunity which in * afforded to him of returning thanks for the excellent address which had been presented , and congratulated them on the noble position they had in so shorts time attained , and which he had no doubt they would improve . He retired amidst cheers .
Mr . Wm . Guthrie proposed that tbo thanks of tha meeting be given to the joint friends of Manchester and Salford , for the assistance they had given , and the at . tention they had paid to the interests of the Eccles Chartists , since they had formed their Association . The r « solution was seconded by Mr . Shearer , and unanimously carried . Three times three hearty cheers were then given tor Frost , Williams , and Jones , and , after a few obsem . tions from Mr . Bond , of Chester , thanks were proposed to the Chairman , and the meeting broke up . Brien
Mr . O'Connor , Mr . O' , Mr . Benbow , and the Rev Mr . Jackson , then entered an open carriage , which had been prepared for them by the Manchester friends , and the procession having been formed , it proceeded beaded by the Eccles band of music , towards Mau Chester . The Eccles men had provided several banner which were carried in tbe procession , the men walking four abreast , and extending a considerable length . Tbe curiosity of all classes on the road was very great , ani the patriots were everywhere received with tbe greatest courtesy . Amongst the inottos on tha Eccles flags * noticed the following ;—
" More pigs and less parsons . " "; The People ' s Charter ; it is built upon justice , anj against which the gates of hell and the world shall never prevail . " " Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , and Eq ul table Adjustment ;" And « n the obverse side" Repeal of the New Poor Law Bill . " " Sown , down with class legislation , Wherever it reigns it ' s a curse to the nation . " " For a nation to be free , it is sufficient that she ¦ wills it !" " Middle classes I make common cause with the indm . trious millions , and give freedom to your country . ' " Equal rights mi equal laws lot all classes . " " The memory of Emmett , and those who have died f « tha cause . "
" Frost , Williams , and Jones must be free . " According to the arrangements of the Demonstration Committee , the Manchester procession formed in Steve ; son ' 8-square , where the different trades contributed their numbers towards the immense throng vhitb moved by a route laid down by the marshals and und « whoie direction they were led through the crowded streets . About two o ' elack , the procession met ft one from . Eccles at the descent , Salford . Tbe scat was here almost without parallel in the history of Mu . Chester , both for denseness and enthusiasm . TS « demonstrators , on catching a glimpse of either Mi O'Connor or Mr . O'Brien , wormed their way to the as riage as fast as they could ; and greeted the patriot ! with warm and fervid congratulations . Ner where tb
fair ones behind the sterner sex in their anxiety to tend * their tribute of partiality , and respect , and confident * in the wearer of the suit of fustian , and his equally erasistent compatriot O'Brien . The presentation of meal young . 'Fearguscs to the devoted leader , by their enthusiastic parents was no less amusing than interesting ; and tbe congratulatory part of the business was eon ! 8 iderably heightened by the oft repeated and cordiil cheering which sprung frem different parts of the Mia-Chester procession . The processions having united , they proceeded on their prescribed route towards Manchester ; ami in its progress , waa like a bhowmH , which gatheied by its motion , until the numbers wen
to us absolutely incalculable , and its length may be imagined when we state that it occupied twenty-fi « minutes in passing a certain point , a great number U vehicles bringing up the rear . It was indeed a nobto sight to behold ; and worthy of such a cause . Era the balconies , turrets , windows , and house-tops wen all crowded with persons anxious to satisfy themselves of the botia-fide existence of the patriotB , after so long a period of incarceration in gleomy dungeooi ; and is the tributary applauses reached the ears of thow gentlemen in the carriage , Mr . O'Connor , in his usual courteous manner , acknowledged the compliment very frequently , with
" A spirit yet unqueHed and high , That claims and keeps ascendency . " The procession moved along Salford , over Victor ^ bridge , by the Exchange , up Market-street , through Piccadilly , London-road , op Travis-street , down Ascotes-lane , and Lever-street , into Stevensons-sqaaa Of the number of those amongst the ilags and emblem borne by the " blistered hands , " wera the following :-Emblem of unity—A bundle of sticks . Three national flags—The harp , rose , and thistk A green silk banner of the calico printers , bearing the motto , " Union is strength ;" Reverse : — " United we stand : divided we fall . " Another green silk flag : — Motto , — " Labour is the source of all wealth . " Beneath which was painted ,
The roso , shamrock , and thistle . Reverse side : — " -Liberty and equality . " Large green silk banner , bearing the bricklayer '! coat of arms . Bricklayers four-a-breast . Another large and splendid banner representing a man falling from a scaffolding of a building , oia which waa written " The accidental burial society . " The Chorlton-upon-Medlock Band . White flag— " May they who make the chains of slavery ever want employment , ' surmounted by a cap of liberty . Meu four-a-breast . Splendid green silk velvet banner , white border , ' Fustian cutters , " large gold letters . Motto— " Improvement association ; United wo conquer , divided we fall . " A stage was erected upon a cart to bear this banner .
Large green silk flag" For a nutiou to be free it is aefflcient chat sUe wills it " Splendid highly-executed painting , representing tin three Welsh Patriots in full length , bearing their names in gold letters . Reverse , the Six Points of the Charter . Large scarlet flag of the Royal Arms of England . A blue banner of the operative dyers of Sjlford and Manchester , and their coats of arms . Beautiful green ailk flag , geld letters , —National Charts Association . This was succeeded by an elegant flag from GlossoPi bearing the following inscription : — " The Charter , the bulwark of English liberty . " On the reverse : — " Freedom ' s battle once begun , Bequeathed from bleeding sire to son , Though baffled oft , is ever won . "
Blue silk banner , carried in a carl , " Prosperity to the productive classes , the foundation of a nation ' s greatness . " Ancient Foresters' band . Banner— " Frost , Williams , and Jones . " Reverse— "Ufliversal -SuflYajfe , Annual PariiameaUi and Vote by Billot " Men—four abreast Droylatlen baud . Green silk banner , bearing the Six Points of tin - Charter upon it A large white banner— " Welcome to the patriots ; oaf they see the sons of industry prosperous and free . " On the reverse— " Universal Suffrage aud the ctiW poinia of the Charter . " A variety of small baniitrs . Manchester concert band . A young Feargus on horseback , carrying a ssi&ll " *
with the names of Feargus O'Connor , Frost , &"& other patriots . Large &ig , consniemoratiiig tiie deeds at Peterlo * A splendid oil painting of Feargus O'Connor , with Henry Hunt pointing from ** clouds , ami giving him the following charge" Welcome , Feargus ! thou hast been found £ aitb »«» now lead my people on to victory . " Reverse— " National Charter Association . " Large banner . Motto— " Universal Suffrage and no surrender . " Reverse— "We have set our lives npon the cast ; W ° we will stand the hazard cf the die . " LiTge green ilia . . Motto— " The husbandman that laboured shall be «" partcktT of the fruits ; an ^ i he that will not vrork neither shall he eat The Charter
and no surrender . " . Reverse— " Down with every faction that is oppo # " the rij , ht 3 and liberties of the people . " Here followed a variety of ' small flags and bans *" bearing appropriate inscriptions . " Flag— " Moie pigs and less parsons . " Large highly finished oil painting of Bronterre O'Brij * \ rith bis name in .. letters of gold , repre * ^ sitting in his library , -with " The Poor J ^ . Giiardsan" in his baud . On the reverse w ^ -g ding io this toansitbry life only through raj w ™ of country and my thirst ' ftr justice . Tin & * eager the monster to terminate my career b «* below , its . stronger do I feel the necessity of 3 » - " * up tvery hour Uiat remain * to me with actijn * v * ful to my fellow creatures . " ( Continued ' in our sreenth page . )
Untitled Article
6 THE NORTHBRN STAB .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 2, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct864/page/6/
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