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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th June 1842, Edition 5 of 5, Page 6, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      MECHANICS' INSTITUTION AXD _ . - ^ LITERARY SOCIETY . On Monday evening last , was held the first fieneral meeting of the members of the United Methanies' Institution and Literary Society . The zneetiB / firas hsid in iifi Saloon of fne Mechanics'j Hall , at half-past seven o ' clock 5 there was a very j large attendance . On the motion of -Mr . William West , seconded by the Rev . Charles Wicksteed , John Hope -Shaw , Esq . was called to the chair . The Chaarmaja expressed tie gratitude he felt fox thehoioarof being called npon to preside at the first united meeting of the "Mechanic ^ Institution

      and Literary Society , and his joy at the consummation of the union—a joy which was materially damped by a note which had been put into h > hands after he bad entered the room , and wh . . apologised for the non-attendance of-Mr . JBaines on account of a sudden attack of illness , uncJer -which his medical man had debarred him from taking part in their proceedings . The Chairman then entered fully into * the advantages which would be secured by their union , and then called upon Mx . E . Baines , Junior . Mr .: E . Baises , jnn , read an elaborate report , ¦ widen at the request of the Committee he had drawn up . It was of very considerable length , of which we giro tne most important part ? . After some introductory matter it proceeded to

      consider"I . IHB PKESEST STATE OF THE TWO ISSTITCTIOSS A . T THEIK . tSIOS . 1 The Mechanics' Institution has at thu time on its books— 77 Proprietary members . 327 Teariy aad Half-yearly subscribers . 404 TctlL " It is found that the Eczaber of subscribers fluctnaies considerably , aecoiaisg to the attractions -which

      may from time to lime ras presented , m kc : uits siid otherwise . At present , tbs numtK-r is iao : e thin t ^ ice as great as h . fore the xew bail vrzs purchased- It may be hoped that the increase is net in any considerable decree to be sscr-Ved to tbe nove'ty of possessing thi 3 excellent bcildicE ; bat that i : i 3 rather owing' * o Ihe-substantial advsnt .-iEt-a offered hj the Institution , e 5 pecia ; ly in its vtu-sja-:.:.--: cd cl : urss 3 . Thos 9 classes contain tLc foiio'siEg tnicDsrs of pupils : — The D .-awicg Class , under the care of ilr . Taurnoll S 4 "

      The Mathematical snd Arithmetical Cbss , under the care of ilr . Settle 103 " These icelndft the ¦ whole -cumber -who have attached themselves to the respective classes during the last half year , and the regular attendance , ss may be supposed , is by no means so large . Accommodation hasbeen made by tha Commutes for a Chemical ci . iss ; but , owing to vsri-ons circumstances , that class , -wiicri existed to lha siqr ; . *! EtivaEtaea of its " members in the old InstKuLi-Ji ! , has ro : y *; ban re-opened : n the new . It trill be one if the first duties if the Committee to fce appointed this fcTriiisjr , to form a C ^ ciEicnl class , and oIsd a class fjr U-cbLn ? the principles cf Mrchanies . The intere ? t 3 of tbe tsvrn . ¦ vrhicli is so dependant for its prosperity -apon i a nicnnfaetures and " its dy-in ; . impsratiTelyca . il f-jt i ' r . * ei > : aV : ishment r . f these c ' . as ^ s , and the rules cf the Isjt . tvitioa positive ' y require it .

      " The property of the Mechanics * Institution co ; . ststs . First , in its fiaU , ¦ which was pnrchaes-1 fvr . £ 2250 , and adapted to the purposes of the Institution at an additional cost of £ 5 t 0 . —Second , in its Library , - which consists cf between 1500 and 140 Q volumes , of which a great part are Etasdar-i -works of science ; and third , in an extensive and valusb ' . e apparatus , chiefly tlectrcal , galvanic , pceuniatie . and chemical , the n-. unificient donatien of Wm . Aldaia , J an ., E .-q ., Member for ihe Borough . " There is a debt of £ 500 , ¦ which is borrcwed upon mortgage of the b'Jil-IIag , and which , as it entail 3 3 considerable annual cniree , presses upon the resources of tha lastituuon . . Ix . is hoped fnst a f&couA put Uc exhibition may ere long be held , and "svith fafficttnt success to dlscbarzs tha d ^ t-

      ' Tits aana . it in ; j si-3 of the IniiiKitioa nearly equals is anaaal ^ ip ^ alitare , bat without ; allowlh ^ more thaa a very small sua for lectures cr for tLe purchass of naw boiks . Ths ir . r . 3 tqa . 2 cy of the luni ' . s "wonld not bare been relieved , if the uiion vfiih the Literary Institution hi'i taken pisce en the terrn 3 of £ ubscriptioii originally proposed . This appeared to the members and subscribers of the Mechanics' Institution so sericus an evil , that they recently—very much to their honour —resolve-: ti raiss ths annual subscription ; to - which perhaps tLe m--sl p-j-werful inducement -was , the prospect of the lcw advatiiSfS they wonld erjoy when the library of the LiUrary IaiUtution- ^ a 3 added to their om . " The literary Inititution has at Has time on its books— 5 Lif- _ - Mtabera . £ 53 M = -jiUi 3 . 2 SS TolaL O : -which nua , s-ir , how-rver , thirty-t ^ a cr * also mttnberaof tbe Meai-aics l _ iti-U * i-jn . A v ^ ry large pT 3-p-jrtion of th « membcis b _ ive assented to the ur » k > n , and dfceiired thcis mtrLtl-jn u > v > ia the united body .

      " The property c » f the I / terary Itstitation cdrsi . 'ts almost entirc ' y in its Library , a ¦ well selected and va ! aable collecticn of E ~ rlish literstnre , com ? ri * iag ataiiy 4 , 000 volumes , pnrchase-i within tte la « t eisht years , at a C 2 st of not ! e 5 s than £ ' 1 5 ^ 0 . Maiing erery ailo > vance for depre ^ iit ' on , srisinz from ~ -szr and tear , ths actual selling value of the L ' -b ^ ary ir . ^ y , it is presumed , be moderately estimated 2 * £ -500 ; but for the use , of the Institution its value must far more nearly approach to its original cost Tte l-sutution also pos ^ -cses a powerful Microscope .

      " The irccrse of ths Institution not having of late equalled its expenditure , a debt cf £ C 60 has accumulated . It is hoped thait this d ^ bt "wiil be consiatrably reduced by the arra-ngem '; nt maSe that such mejnbers of the L : t ? rary Institution as became proprietary members of the united body thall pay £ 1 , or Gi a year for four years , for their proprietary ticket . It miy perhaps be desirable to explain the reasons -which should induce the members of the Literary Institution to become proprietary memters" la the first pL-iee , they triH undoubtedly Trisb . to render their scceaaon to ths united Institution as jreat and unintxef ! an adv , iist : ge as possible to the ent " re bo-3 y . TCey "woald be glad to join i : trithoEt bringing any deb ^ , if that could be do . e . They -will also be quite

      slive to the importance of having the r-sourccs of the Institution unbur . ienttl , so as to leava a haedsome yearly iccome fjr tbe ptirpcsts of adding to tbe Library and engaging Lecturers . But farther , a member of the Literary Institution , "who z . ' . this time avails himself of the conditions of union , may obt-iin for £ l . tbe ticket of a Proprittory Member , for vrMch the txistini ; niembtrs of ths . Mechanics' I ; stitution have paid £ 2 each , and "which Trill entitle him to a shar ? in the "wnole of the valuable property of the Institution—the buiMing , library , and apparatus . WithouWaat ticket t-t -would be merely an annnal subscriber , and weald have no share in

      the property , nor , according to the laws , any right to " ? oti in , questions aScc : ing the property . Tiie proprietary tittet m 3 y ba sola or beqaifithed . It is a iundamti . til principle of the Institution that tha property shall briong exvlnEivdy to the Members - who hi . ve purchased proprietary titke ' . s , —this class'being' regaided as more p ^ erjuiuenx : arid less Encraating than tne Eubscribers . As . thrrtiore , thtse aQ- i : > tages , of piltlcipjticn in the property acd raa £ in tte Infctituu ' on , ¦ would result uj toe i ^ ii ' . vir . uit , —as it would be sl pleasure 10 tbeiafciaimrs of tee Literary Instiiutioa to bring ¦ with them the £ aialie = t passit-Ie incnmbiiince , —and as the amount to be laia < . m in b ; . cis 2 nd itctnrt-s iriil be 10 of

      more or less , acc-erdin ^ amount debt , it is hoped that all the intcir-era of the Literary Insinciioa ¦ jTiio can convenienuy do it wiiJtiae proprietary licitt ? . It oughx io bi disunctly undt : r » u > od that the member who wishes to bavd a proprietary ticket mast obtsiu it TriUjin two months Ir-.: a the 4 zh cf Jane , otherwise he "Will not be , itl-ie to ootain it for less tiian tv . - o pt . unc ? . The present itrms era one p ^ und paid now , or tix shi : ii 2 i . s a year brjona Uis iimuai subscript on fi-rf ^ ur yeais . l \ o douat , liie eoinm \ tt . e « -wii \ m-sfee afran ^ em ^ i . ti tor oStzi ^ g to ev-rjr member of the Lit ; rary Icsiitatiun the oppon-z-i's cf latme a proprietary ticket .

      • iu return irom la s cuitsii-. n , it should bs stated that the L-ttrary Iiis- > iu := oa . has not any classes f ^ -f evsniog insirocaon . iut Ui 3 t ix , las by the talents of its own members kep ; auiur j « a : s a good Eappiy oi -papcis , on a vari&ty of ear j . ci ? , ciiirfi / literary , -which -have btcn read at th * w = t £ ] y uifett . nss of the Institutioa , and have been fo . Iun ^ a dv discussions . Tatre can no dtubt that the pr-. c-t . ice of reaaing papers witl be kept un in theunt ^ J lu-- > : ivuti ^ n and th-t the Comnutiee isiU proviue i ^ r an ndiiusture of scientific -with literary subjs .-cts . 11 . TUB Al > TA >" TAGrS "WHICH THE tMTED I > "STlir-TIOX ^ "ILL OFFEii TO ITS 5 IE 11 BEKS .

      " It is obviocs to rsmorS , that after a 1 the advantages ¦ wb ici have brtn pr s-at-d by each Institution sepaxa $ e : y , -sTiii htcefciuit ^ ' > y tDJ ^ yed by ths membtrs cf b"t& . Ncitb . tr of tfci : uaitin ^ booies p ^ rts with anytir . ng that belonged to is , nor suffers any aiHiiaishect % xte ci enjoyment of its pririieges , irhilit sharing thtm "W : ta tna other . K .. LL : ii . g is aaienated , nothing impitrfcd . When tto lUn ^ trati small things by great ) t * o ntrighbonring states aro united togttuer uuder one goveramtnt—for fcxamp . s—England and Sc-tiandtwriiories are not jeseenta , tflouga the bounuary between them is obiit * r * tad . Each obtains & wider ^ ije , ampler scape to * comnifcrce and enterprise , a ^ * communion , and a more poweiful government lEstea

      u-, ^ b eing j = a-ous ccmpctuwra , ttiey become bretnrea ; in * esd of ^ eatcmDS e&ch ot&er , tbey strtongtnen et ^ ozaeT ; - ¦ mtenxliy united , and having sacriiced nou ^ ^ buc thtir ^^ lh 9 > rise in the sc ^ Q of nations , and become gieatei and mow ti > u ,- ; 8 rilng w one y ^ tbey ma could be as lico . In our > oaib : e measure , vre-may realise similar ad » aniage 8 iron Our prtse ' nt union . If -we lose nothing of vur separate iv ) SStsSionSj ^ d non of our membfcrs , We gain gitaUy in i * orai forca ; for J as iron BoarpenetJi ircn , BO . tms ^ oiiutenfcnt * , of a man his friend . ' If we acquired nothing from onx < jombination but encouragemtnt aud angmtnted spirit , " tk&t' alonb ¦ would be a valuable acquMtien . Bat we gain iar mote ; each luautuUon has added to » all ths inteiuc .

      Untitled Article

      tual resources of the other ; and these intellectual resonrces , though remaining the same in themselves , become doubly Yaluabtej because tbey are aYailable for the bsnsSt of double numbers . Still farther , by comfining our libraries , our subscriptions , and our talsnts , "we offer to the great population around us far greater attractions than either could offer singly . We may , therefore , hope to gs ^ ln more accessions than the two Institutions could have gained separately : and if so , ¦ we answer more effectually one of the principal objects for -which Institutions like ours are formed—that of pervading with a moral and intellectual . influence the whole eooinmnitr . _ _ " " ...

      " Aa estimate " has been laid before both the Institutions , t rior to thtir union , showing that Vfe may rear . ! u . ; -h calculate npan having £ 100 a year to expend in repurchase of new br >~ ks , and £ 50 a year in lectures . If the members and : iscribirs should increase still larger rums' may K- : ifi jrded . It will be the duty of the Committee tv > enrich the library -with the beit -works that may be published , both in the departments of science and literature ; and it is -worthyof consideration whether your Committee , instead of meraiy selecting from the works entered in the Recommending Book , should not appoint a small sub-Committee , whose express duty it should be to examine the reviews and tbe lists of new publications , for the purpose of recommending monthly the most valuable and interesting to the gereral Committee . This vronld not interfere with the right of every member to recommend bnt to give an additional security that no boolvs of tirat-rate character were overlooked .

      " The advantages which tbe ' Mechanic !) ' Institution ana L ' . terary Socitty' will offer to it 3 members may be thus briefly enumerated : — " 1 . A Hall , very eligibly situated , and comprising an cxccHtnt Lecture Room and Library , a Newsroom , and good C ! a ^ s lt > onis . " 2 . A Library oi literary and scientific works , contai ; : ir . g urwaras cf five thocsiad volumes , purchased \ ritLin the last few years , and including the best works in e-fery department of English . literature . The library wiil ha 7 e the dou > . l ? artvaiit ^ e of being a Circu ' at ' viy Li ' j'a . y and Rcadin < jRoom , boih cf -wbich -will ba opea frc-m nine in the morning till ten o ' clock at nijbt , with an inurval cf three hours in the afttrr . o : > n , which is a period of the day when very few men cf bu-ini ; ss would be able to

      attend-3 . LcduTes on the most useful branches of experimental science aud literature . It is rx-litve-d that the Committee will be able to engage k-cturtrs of the firtt emineEce . Papers vriJl also be rtad by the members at the -weekly or foituightiy uieotinga of the Institution . " i . Evening Castes , for the teaching of Drawing in its various departments , Mechanical , Architeciura . ' , Landscape , ami 1 'igu . rvs ; of Ilatttemalicsand Arithmetic , -with their practical applications iu Mensuration , Gauging , ii , und of Writing . These are already in existence , and the two former are in a fljuriihing state ; aud the Committee "will -will take- immediate , measures for the forma ti on of clnssrs for the study of Chemistry anu of th-j pricciplxs cf Jl . cbat cs . It is also higb : y pri-t-iYit ; that other clasa-. s will be fcrM-. J , f ^ r tile stu-. iy of jnTiiinces , music , ii

      *• 5 . Aa extensive snd va ' rable Apparatus , applicable to experiments in Eiectric ; iy , GalvaiiJHU . Ch .= iaibtry , Puuematics , Optics , and other cepurtinents of tcieiice . " 6 . A Seicsroom is contemplated , where the Diily and Wetkly Nevripaj «? rs , Loudun anil Provincial , will be tiken : tte terms of subscription to be six shillings a-year to the members and subscribers of the Institututiou , and ten shillings a-year to others . The Nows-Toc-m- -wili be open the whole day , till ten o'clock at night ; but it is one of the- fundamental rules that neithtr the InsUtution nor the Newsroom shall be open on the Sunday , li is conceived that the exceedingly moZeTzt-i subscription to tte Jfewfroom , the eligible situation of the premises , and tbe supply of papers to be provided , will attract a larce number cf subscribers . "

      TLe report concluded Tv / th some excellent and judicious observations on the future j > ro .-pec _ t « of the united Imtltutions , and wa 3 received with leud cheeTS The next business v ? a 3 the tkciion of ofiieeb-r-arcr . e . aud Mesarf . Haigii , Nay lor , Tilncy , and G-: o . ' dog . ? , were appointed scrutators for taking tne votes . Whilist this was proceedinic , Mr . Wm , West moved in- ? first resoiuiion , as folJows : — " Thr . t the Report no-rrend be adopted , printed , and circulated , under tho direction tf tlie Committee , and that the very grateful thanks of the nieeth ^ g be presented to Mr . E . Baines , Jan ., for his kindness in prej-arirg a document so very appropriate and likely to promote tlie objects mid interests cf the United Societies . " Thj resolution rras seconded by Mr . J . D . Luccock , and carr . cd unanimously . The balloting papers were then handed in by the Secretaries . It fhculd bs BK-Ltioued that , S 3 it was natural to suppose tha . many of the members of the united Infctitur . oa vtculd be imperfectly acquaiuicd with : * eiulera : n who took an active part in the separate

      Institutions r . r ; or to the union , the committee , without ai .-y des-. re * to interfere wiih the froe choice of officer ? , hau 02 the prerCLt occasion furnished each member t . n i : n-erinj ; the room with a printed hs » of twemy i ' o -jr men-bers selec : ed nearly in equal numbers from esch In .-: itution , snd vrhi-ni tru-y considered the ir . o = i hkely to fi . il o £ i-: o -with advantage to the ciiitci body . Thess weic all unaniuiously e ' ec . td , and trerc asfoliov / .- : — Pjfsider-t—Ed-svaT . D Bjii ^ ES , E-q . V : ce-Prea : dent £ —Y . ' M . WtST , Etq ., and me Rev . C . WlCKSTKED .

      Treasurer—Mr . v , - . 6 . KOLrs « 'or . Tir . Secretaries—Mr . J . Kitso . n , ard Mr . H . J . MarCVS COMMITTEE , Mr . E . Baines , Juii . Mr . Cooke . Mr . Comber Mr . Dresser . Mr . F ! eUher . Mr . England . Mr . T . Harvey . Mr . Kield . Mr Hiilas . Mr . Holme ? . Mr . Hujgoii . Mr , lkin . Mr . K ^ rr . Mr . Lue . R-v . T . S : 2 'e ? . Mr . J . H . Shaw . Mr . Tiurnfei :. Mr . Thos . Wilson .

      Some objection was raised to this rnoie of proceeding , by Mr . Heaps , but he expressed his ei . tire satisfaction , after being told by the chairman that U conld not occnr again , because in another year the members would have become perfectly acquainted with all those who took an active part , and were eligible for office , in both societies . Mr . George Hurst next brought under the notice of the meeting the following resolution t" That thia meeting , has heard w ; t " a feelings of deeo recret that it is the kit-ntion cf the Ci'iiimiUee of

      th : s Institution to dispense wiih the services of . Mr . Robert Hird , -who hasfaitlftfly and z = p . lonsly filled the tffice of Librarian to the Lits-rary Inst ' tuti' -n for mi . ie than seven yeais , during ¦ sbich period he Lrs not been one d 3 y absent from the duties of bis office . That a nnion of the two Institutions having taktn place , it is the opinion of this meeting that the office of Librarian onght no ^ to be vacant , so as to giV 3 both the Librarians a chance of re-election ; aud r ^ the ruks of the Institution give the Committee power to tltct that cScer , this meeting recommends Mr . Hird , as >; iskDow . led ^ e of tbe business pre trainentiy qualifi-. s him to ba Librarian to this united Institution . "

      Mr . Wro . Coplaston seconded ths resolution , which , after some discuijioi ; , was pui and ue fia ' . ived by a great majority . Tee next resolution "svas inoved by * > Tr . M'KenzlCj s » ei ? nded by Mr . Dresser , and carried unanimously . 11 was as ioliows : — " Toat this meeting vrould express ita satisfaction thst the ntr ? ciatiuns btt ^ tc-n the Leeds . Mechanics ' Institution , and tha Leeds Littrary Sc-ei : ty , hivu kd to the union now recogn ' z . d , snd its confident expectation , that by judiuion 3 and liberal ercourageruest , tbe United IijStittition vrill be made tffcctcilly to advance the inUrtsts of Science and Literature in this most important maenfacturing and comrcercfal district-. "

      Thf : Rev , Cnaries Wicksteed then moved , and tho Rev . Tiioaiiib Scales seconded , the coBrlu < : hj £ resolution ; bo : h aentlemen briefly addre .-std thu meetinjf , wn : ch Lr ^ au to exhibit . symp' . oirs of a Ki .-a to break up . The res' Iut on was put aud unanimously earned ; it was as iollows : — " This meeting would earnestly call upon those of its members who have le : snre , to aid Its o ! jrcts by tbe iS-rciia of their various ta ' ents in preparing ess > ajs , or lectures , on appropriate topics , and strongly urgca all its friends , now prestct , to ac 2 d to its further tfSjif-scy by exfertin ? their ii-fluence to incrtase the numotr of its members sna subscribus . " Thanks were th < n voted to the chairman by acclamation , and ibo lueeiiDi' broke up at tec o cloca ..

      Untitled Article

      LABOURERS' FRIEND SOCIETY , For disseminating Information o » the Advantages of Allotments of Land to the Labouring Classes , on Loan Funds , tind on other means of Improving their Condition . Under the patronage of Her Moat Qractoua Majesty the Queen , aad Her Majesty : the Queen Dowager rice-Presidents—Duke of Bedford , Marquiaes oiButa and Bristol ; Earls of ShreWBbury , Mansfield , Chichestsr ; Euston , M . P . ; and Jerniyn >/ 'M . P , ; ioraBN . orpeth andSandon , M-P , ; the ¦ bish'tps of Bath and Wella , Gloucester , Rochester , and Norwich ; Lords Dacre , Shorborno , Kenyon , Gage , Foley , Ashtown , Skelmersdale , Nugent , and Mountsandford ; Sir William . Pole , Bart , &c . &C . &c . . ¦ . ¦¦' : ¦ ; : ;¦¦ " :.: ¦¦ '¦ . ¦¦ - ¦'' ¦ ¦' ' ¦

      This Society was established in the year 1830 , under the patronage of his late Majeaty , William the Fourth , a : id Her Majesty , the Queen Dowager j the number pf its members has gradnailly increased in all . parts of the country , amongst whom are many of the Nobility , Bishops , Clergy , and . large landed Proprietors . It is instituted for the purpose of ameliorating the condition of the labourer ; and proppaes to effect its object chifcfly by disseminating information on the advantages of the Allotment and Cottage-Gardea System , consists In letting to the labourer , at a fair rent , such a quantity of land a 3 he ( with the help of hia fitniily ) can . cultivate by ¦' . spade husbandry , without neglecting his ordinary employment .

      Wherever this syateni baa been fahly and judiciously tried , it has produced the most beneficial results ; the means of 6 Upsistence and the comforts of the labourer have been greatly increased , his character has been raised , and he has become more industrious , contented , and peaceablo ; the ties ot mutual goodrwill between him and his employer have been drawn more closely together , and the labourer has become the proteetpr > iustead of the destroyer , of property .

      SOME OP X 11 E PLACES , Where tbe system of allotting land to labourers has been tried , and the results that have followed . 31 JDSO 5 IER NORTON , HIGH hJTTLETOS , STONE ' easton , embeurow , clutton , and eighteen other adjoining parishes . Grants —In these twenty-three : contiguous parishes , there have been appropriated one hundred seventjviave acres of l : \ ud \ o niuo hundred families , by the zealous and indefatitj .-iblo carreapoudent of the society , Captain Scpbull , of High Littleton , near Bath , and other landr owners , who have liberally co-operated with him . Taki ng these fami ! ies | which are partly agricultural and partly cpal-miners ^ at five to a family , it would make four thousand , five hundred persons , who are deriving the whole of their . vegetable sustenance from their own labour .

      Results—In the division of Somersetshire containing tbo hundreds of Chuw and Chewton , there are twentysix parishes , having 40 . 000 acres , and 17 , 000 inhabitants . Seven years ago , in ' this space and population , not uno rood w . < s let to the labouring poor on the allotment a j stem . The experiment' that baa been made . has resulted in most complete success ; the rents have been regularly paid tj the uttermost furthing ; thexropa hive b- ^ en good ; tho altered looks of tho peasantry show them to be contented and happy , and they testify their . gr . itUu . de to their beuefactors by Pccasional presents of vegetables , some of them of the fluest description . itlCHMOJJD , SUIIREV .

      1 Giants . —Land in the neighbourhood of a place containing 7 , 200 ir . liabitants ia iu great request , and is with difficulty obtained for letting in small allotments ; but for the . a < sfc five years elevan acres have been let to one hundred and forty ' tenants ' ,. in . ' . proportions , in general , of ten rods , or the l-16 th of an acre , and in no case exceeding twanty rods . Resu'ls . —The gardens' . are . let to evevy description of mecbanica and labourers ; they are particularly well cultivated , and tho rent iegulurlv and thankfully paid . There aro a great many candidates for additional allotme-Tits , could any more land be obtained fur that purpose . ;

      REDUCTION OF POOR RATES . In one parish in . Wilts , the poor rates Were . £ 2 , 074 2 s . 8 d .. ; the Allotment System was introduced , and in a few years they v 4-tre diminished £ 019 . In asmall psrish in tho same county , the poor rates were reduced from £ 2 C (> 8 a . to £ 4 12 s . < ki , In a large parish in lJosex , the poor rates amounted in one year to £ 3 , 200 ; by the adoption of the syatem they were diuiinisiied , iutho course of the following year , to £ 2 , 000 . At the Bath meeting , the Rev . Thomas Spencer , of Hintpn Parsonage , reported that Bixty tenants had a quarter cf an acre each , that the poor rates had been reduced from [ , £ 700 to £ 200 per annum , which cculd not Uuve bteu tliected but for tho alVotments .

      ADDITIONAL FACTS . The Association at Devizea state that , in that town and ni-ifihbouvhood , there hro thirty-four parishes and hamlets in which the Allotment System has been adopted ; and that the total quantity of land allotted haa been-90 H . acres-, threu rooda , and twenty-niuo poles , amovr , ^ 1 ya . 'J tenants . The Dulse ftf Bedford has C 00 allotment tenants on his esiato in Bedfordshire . The Marquis of Lindsi-lowne baa granted allotments to more than 700 labourers , who aro thriving , contended , and happy . < The Bishop of Bath and Wells has promoted the allotment sybtsni for thirty years , and has now above 700 small tenants enjoying' the fruits of his enlightened philanthropy .

      Earl Fitzwilliam has now between 400 and SOOallotiwsat ttmauts on hia extensive estates * and they are still increasing , particularly iu the neighbourhood of Sheffield and Kotlierhaiu . At Wotton-under-Ede ; e and Horsleyi both manufacturing districts , -land has been let to 133 tenants , chiefly mechanics , employed in the cloth factories . ' The allotments ar « well cultivated , abundantly cropped , the rents punctually paid , and it is most gratifying "to witness , the gladness of heart that has been diffused through s « many households , " and ' 'to hear tue grateful language oJ the tenants . " Ciiow n Lan ds . —Government have made four grants of Crown land for the purpose of being divided , on reasonable terms , into rtUotinents for labourersj&c .-r nirit'ly , one at VVpolwich ; one at llford , in Essex ; one at Hilsea , near Portsmouth ; and one at Chelsea , for the use of the pensioners . :

      Ciiaritv Lands . —AtColerne , in Wilts , twenly-mne acres of charily land , which had been k-t for ' thas-y- ' years b . ) a fanner , at £ 15 per year , was divided into thirty allotments , and has been thus occupied for a period of twelve years . By thia means , thirty - -families , which , including parents and children , amount to 1 TG individuals , have been kept free from parish relief—are rendered respectable , lisppy , honett , and useful mem hers of society , free from offences against the law . They have a stake in ths country , ' . ull ' . I aro anxious te promote the welfare of the whole community .

      Since the estiblishnienfc of ,, toe Society , thirty-six counties have been visited ; eighty public meetings havo been held ; and , at ainoderatecc / HiputaMon . iieariy seventy thousand f . imilies have had iillocmenta of land granted , either directly pr indirectly , through the agency of th « Socisty . . ... '' ¦ •• The Society ia now extending its operations to Ireland * S'jvora . 1 countits have been visited , ami the publications are extensively circulated in that part of the eiupire . Auy further informatipn may be obtained from the Secretary , John Wood , Esq ., at the office , 20 , Exeter Hall .

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      Closing oIf the Independent West Middlesex Office . —The ' principal tffice of this establishment has been closed ' without aiiy notification on the door , of the business hayiu ^ been removed . Some persons toil all their lives , and refuse the enjoyments which cau only be relished when life is iu us prime , that they may ba rick when the power of enjoyment is over . ; There aro many evils inseparable from position , but it needs very little research to discover that a large ' portion of man ' s misery is traceable to his making other men m-btrabie .

      There are chords ia the human heart—strange ; varying strings—whicharcoaly strupkby accident ; which will remain mine and senseless to appeals the most passionate &nd earnest , and '" respond at last to the slightest cafeual touch . In the most insensible or childish minds , there is ecmo tr ^ in of .-reflection which art cau seldom kad , or i kill assist , but which will reveal itself , as « roat trutns have done , by Chance , aud vyhen the discoverer has the plainest and 6 ixplest end ia view . Fatal Cuhujsity . —On Saturday a young man Bamed Thoinas Preston , ' . raiding at Wednesfieid ,

      slid down the pit rope to the bottom of the shaft , at Bowman ' s Harbour Gotlierj j near Wolyerhatnpton , with the intention of seeing the colliers at work . IJa had not been down five minutes before a large stone from the roof of one of the gate roads fell upon him , crushing him in so dreadful a manner as to cause his instantaneous death . The stone is supppsed to be three tons wejRht . Two other men were hurti but not seriously . It is a remarkable cireumstance that , although the work has been carried on some years , yery few accidents had previously occurred , and those of a trifling nature . — -Birmingham Advertiser . . ¦ ¦ '; J

      A Truism . —Were half the labour exerted to place woman in her proper station that there is to lift tier out of it , cases of seduction , desertion , or tyranny vyould almost never occur . It is the theatrical , apart from the real , idea of her excellence which induces alike the fopperies of gallantry and cruelties of neglect ; it is because woman has been decked with foreign instead of native witcheries tbait the apex of her influenbe has been react ed during the honey-moon ; it is- . because .- woman lends herself to the-. deceit that the punishment has securely come and boeu severely Mt . —Chambers ' s London Jour .

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      The Clakb MASSACREi—The Coroner ' s Inquest on the bodies of Michael M'Namara and Thomas Daroy , whioh commenced on Taesday , was brought to a conclusion on Friday . Several witnesses were produced , amongst them two of the peliceinen who were on duty on the fatal evenijjg- , and who swore positively that the word " fire" was given by Gapfc . De Ruvynes , echoed by the County Inspector , and followed up by Mr . Fifzsimon with the expression "fire , fire . " Independently of this testimony , the broad features of the oase wore the same as have already appeared . On Friday morning the Jury returned the following verdipt : ^ - ' -That the deceased i Michael M'Natnara , came by his death from the effects of a gun-shot wound in the leg , inflicted on the' night of the 6 th June instant , by one of a party of police , consisting of sixteen men , stationed on tha

      jyiill-road , for the protection of Mr . Bannatyne ' s property from a number of people there assembled on said night , bnt by whom of said party said shot was fired there was no evidence ; we also find that the people were in the act of retiring when said shot was fired , and that no necessity existed _ for firing ; we further find that the word . ' fire * was given to the , police by Mr . Brown and Mr . Fitzsimori , immediately after Captain De Ruvynes saidj . - if you don'fc disperse the men must fire ; ' but we consider Mb saying so no' justificatioa for tho order so given . ' This verdict places Mr . Brown aad Mr . Fifzsimon in rather an unpleasant predicament . Tho Coroner was applied to to issue a warrant for their captioa and committal , but declined to do so : but stated that he would report the verdict to the Government .

      Welsh ORAtoay . —At a late meetiDg of the Newport ivlechanic ' s Institute , for the election of ofi 5 cere the Mayor of Newport , Lewis Edwards , Esq ., gate the following account of a late interview with Lord Brougham—'' I did go to London , ( said his honour , ) as you do all know , for the purpose of the address ; and I did haye with me our young friend Mr . Simeon Evans , the young artist , who did go with me to the levee in my coach . ( Cheers . ) A fine carriage it was ( a laugh ) , with such a ' paair ' of greys ! and a fine coachman , tall , stout , as you ever see . ( Laughter . ) And suoh a'fu man . ' ( Bravo ;) Well , I was dresbed so fine ; you would like to see me in my court dress ; then I thought I must see my Lord Brougham ; and when could I see him better than theni I did call . ( Hear . ) Such a beautiful room , I never did seo before . It was a great room , it was . I did sit , as may be , there . Lord Brougham came in , as may be , here , and said the Mayor of Newport .

      I said . Lord Brougaam . He did thea come with his two hands , and did catch my two hands , and said , I am very glad to see you . I have often heard of Lord Brougham , but I never did expfict thia honour . ( Hear , hear . ) My eyes do now see , and my bands do now hold , Lord Brougham . ( Laughter . ) Well , what do you want ? said he { anything I can do for you I shall be most happy . I eard , my lord , we have at Newport a Meohania ' a Institute , and the young men of Newport ara very anxiou 3 to have your lordship ; nobody respects your lordahipmore than the men of Newport . ( Loud cheers . ) I have brought with mo a young artist , one of Newport , for they are very anxious to have your lordship to hang up in the Mechanics' Institute . Yes , he did say , I will sit . Tnank you , said I . ( Thunders of applause . ) Aud I'll give you some books for your iustitute too , said ho . ( DaafehiDg chesrs . —Monmouthshire Merlin .

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      From the London Gazette of Friday , June 17 . " ' , BANKRUPTS . James Hopfcins , Leighton Buzzird , butcher , to surrender June 21 , July 29 , at two , at the ' Court-of Bankruptcy . Solicitors ^ Messrs . Stevens , Wilkinson , and Satchel ! -, ' Queen streel , Ciieapside ; official assigned , air . Whitmore , Baainghall-street . James Tomlinand William Mann , St . Michael ' salley , Coral-ill ,. merchants , June 28 , at one , July 29 , at half-past one , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr , Ellis , Cowper ' s-courfc , Cornhiil ; official assignee , Mr- Whitmore , Bisinghall-street . ; : ¦ '¦ Hcury Eagiish , New Broad-street , printer , June 24 , July 29 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Slegcy , Great Tower-street ; official assignee , Mr . Johnson , Baaiughall street .

      John Steggall , Guildford-street , bookseller , June 28 , at half-past eleven , July 29 , at twelve , at the Court pf Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Norcntt , Queen- £ quare , Bloomsbury ; official assignee , Mn Gib ' son , Basinghallatreet ' . - ' . '•'¦ ' ¦' ;¦¦ ' " ' ¦ : ; . , - : " , ' ; ¦ - ' - ' ; ¦' . ;¦' ; . ' .. " Jaines Alfred and David Webb , Great 3-Iariew , farmers , June 24 , July 29 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Waller , jun ., finsburycircus ; official assignee , Mr . Lackington , Colemftnstreet-buildings . .. ' . ' -. ' . ' : ¦ . ' . ; .. ¦ ' John Brettargh , Ptjndleton , Lancashire , timber and coal merchant , .. Juae' 20 , July 10 , at ten , at the Gcnimis-8 ioners" Kooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Mr . Nethersole , Esass-street , Strand ; and Mr . Foster , Manchester . . ' -. -. " ¦ .. ; . ' . •'" . ¦ ¦ "¦ "'" ¦

      Joshua Gutt ' ell , YorKBhire , clothier . July 1 , at two July 29 , St .-teii , at the George " Hotel , Huddersfield . Solicitors , Mr . Corntlvwaite , Dean ' s-court , Doctors ' Commons ; and Mr . J . / Cornthwaite , Liverpool . . Kobert Roberts , Newtown , Montgomeryshire ^ procer , July 8 , 21 ) , at eleven , at the Qlk Inn , WelchpooL Solicitors ,. Mr . Weeks , Cooi * acoutb , Liticolii' £ -iaii ; &ad Messrs . Drew and Woosuam , Newtown . William Smith , Leeils , dealer and chapman , June 28 , at four , July 29 , at ten , at tha Commiasioutrs' Ryjois , Leeda . Solicitors , Messrs . Sharp , Field , and Jackson , Bedford-row ; Mr . Foden , Leeds ; and Messrs . Wagstaff , Son , and Alarsh , Warrineton .

      Joseph and Ralph Bradbury , Oldham , Lancashire , cotton-spinners , July 4 , at ten , July 29 , at twelve , at the Commissioners' Rioms , Manchester . Sohcitora , Messrs . Johnson , Son , and Weatherall , Temple ; and Messrs . Heron , Manchester . - Robert Insoll , Brighton , coachmafcer , June 24 , Juf ? 29 , at one , at the Town Hall , Brighton . Solicitor , Alt . WilUams , AUrtd-place , Bedford-square .

      PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . Bywater and Inghani . Birstal and Batley , Yorkshire , cloth-iRnnufacturers . W , and H . Carass , Boronghbridge , Yorkshire , butchers . G . Howard and Co ., Hasling ^ en , Lancashire , ironfounders , as far as regains ( 3 f . Howard . Atherton aiid Watson , Manchester , flintglass manufacturers . Gardner and Middleton , Warrington , Lancashire , keepers of a circulating library . J Slack and Co ., Manchester , paintmanufacturers . Dira > ing and Martiudale , Rainford , near St . Helena , Lancashire , common growers . J . Labrey and Co , Huddtrafield , tea-Hierchants . Watsons and Franklarid , Wbitby Yorkshire , lmen-drapers , as far aa legards R . 13 . Watson . ' ' ¦'¦'¦ " ¦¦ . "•• ¦ : ¦ . ' ' ' . ' -.- ; : ..

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      From the Gazette of Tuesday , June 21 . BANKRUPTS . John Ormrod , builder , Manchester , to surrender July 2 , August 2 , at tweiye , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchester . Howarth > Manchester ; Apply , Aldtrbury , London . 'Thomas Pitcalrn , merchaat , Tjiverpool , July 1 , ; Aug 2 j at oni 3 , at tha Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . . Lo ^ f , Garey , and Sweeting , Soutbamptoc-buildings , Chaacery-lane , Loiiioxi jNwth and Owed , Liverpool . ; William Mainwaring , co » l-niaster , Dudley , July 5 , August 2 , at thtea , at the Swan Inn , Wolverhampton . Amory , Sewell , and Mpores , Throgmorton- ^ treet , Loa » don ; Twamley , Diidky . : : William Watts , grocer , King's Lynn , Norfolk : June 29 , August 2 , at eleven , afrthe King ' s Head Inn , BTing ' s Lynn . Swatman ; King ' s Lynn ; Roy , Blunt , JohuBioa , and Walton , Lothbury , London . . :

      William Beiton , draper , Deeping Saint James , Lm « coliishire , Juna 28 , August 2 , at eleven , at Standwcil ' a Hotel , SUmfjrd . AViinson and Jenkins / Peterborough . . ¦ ' -,. " , . ' . •' ¦' . . . ;\ ¦ ¦¦ : . ¦ ,: ' .. ¦" ¦ Margaret Themas , innkeeper , Manchester , JUiy , 2 , August 2 , at eleven ^ at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchesttr . Jjquss , Battye , and Edwards , Ely-piuco , Hoiborn ; and Htath , Swan-street , Manchester . John Swann , Onrrier , Loughborougfe , Jul ) 7 , Au ^ 2 , at eleven , at tha King ' s-Head Iiia . LougtiboruUKii . Johnson , Son , aud Weattierall , King ' a-beiiCb-waiki Templt ); Cowley , Nottingham . James Puiniaii , wine merchant , Settle , Yorkshire , July 22 , at one . at the Golden Lioni Settle , and Au ^ . 2 , at one , at the Now Inn , Gisburn . Ros 3 , Sjuioad ' S Inn , Chancery-lany ; Hodgson , Gisburn .

      John Jaines Grant , ale merchunt , Gloucester-strigef , Queen ' s-square , Bioomsbury , Jun& 28 , at one , Auguss 3 at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Graham oil . w : d assignee , Baainguall-atreet ; Hilieary , Leadenhait -street . ¦ " .. \ . " .- ' : ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦'¦ ' : ¦¦¦ ' ' .. ' ¦ . " "'¦ ' ¦¦¦¦'¦ ' .- ¦ .. John Horatio Clark and Henry Charles Farrow ' , wine merchants , King William-street , July 5 , at twel «» August 2 , at eleven , at theCourt of Bankruptcy . Edwards , official assignee , Frederick's-place , Old Jewry ; Selby , Sergeant ' s Inn ; Fleet-street . ; '¦" ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ : Richard Cockrill , grocer , Kirton-in-Lindsey , L ' mcolnshire , July 5 , and August 2 , at twelve , at the V \ uita Hart Inn , Gainsberougli . Ball , Bedford-row , London ; Ballamy , Gainsiiarough . ; : -- . ¦¦¦ '" ¦ ; Phillip Walters and Morgan Llewellyn ^ timber mttchants , Neath , Glamorganshire , July 12 , Augubt 2 , afc eleven , at the Bush Inn , Swansta . Walters , { Swansea ; Rowland and Young , White Lion-court , CornaLl . Loadon . -: ¦ ¦ . - ¦ . '¦ : v ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ' . ' ¦ ¦ . - . - .- ¦ ¦ .... - ... ¦ ¦ ¦ - . - ¦¦ . ¦ . ¦ . ' .:. " . - -

      Walter James Barge , carpenter ; B- ^ er-lane , Tow « rstreet , July l , at twelve , Auguat 2 , at haif-past two , f ' the Court of Bankruptcy . Alsager , Birchin-lane ., oin « cial assignee ; Scott , St . Mildred ' s Court , Poultry-John George Bourne , carpenter , Weliington-fcrraW , July 1 , at eleven , August 2 , at twoj at the Court-of Bankruptcy . Green , official assignee , Aldermanbury ; Gregory and Cook , Swithin ' s-laDe . v George Edmund Cartwright , chemist , Marlow , Ba «*» inghanMhire , June 28 , at eleven , Augusts , at one , » the Court of Bankruptcy . Lackington , official assignee , Coleman-etreet-baUdingB ; Marsden , WatU 11 ^ ^ ®^ . City ' ¦¦ - ¦ : ¦¦ -- ¦ : V- - : :- ¦ ' ¦ :- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦; . ' -: : \;''

      ,... .. ; .... ' . ^; . ^ -:. Edwin T wlzsll Gongh , patent agent , Strand , Jone * b at two , August 2 , at twelTe , at the Court of Ban *» ruptcy . JotaBon , pfflcial aBsigriee , BaslDgball-8 tw *> Ashley , storeditch .

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      TnniE are a Truity of Dc-vijp wa ] king tbe earth —prifcitcraf ! , war , aud imtnip ranee . ^ A gba ?; d jury ia Pennsj ] Fajiia have presented to the Court me subject oi Qiunkcnuess ' , huping ihat it may be made a criminal ace , ty a law of the staie . — WiUnim * luTch Democrat . A Woman ' s Reasons . —A woman ' s reasons are said to be three : ifcey are p-sg , present , and to come ; aad are as follows : — "Btauise I did "" Because 1 will "—and lf Because I should like . " The first it is impossible to get over ; the second ia almost a hopeless case ; and a man must be a brute indeed , if he can for amomeni object to the third . Then tne way in which they bring the reasons to bear is everything . A man would knit his brow surlily , and iu dee voice

      say a p repulsive , if he like-not the first interrogation , "Because Idm ! " Not so with a woman ; she would pat on one of her sweetest looks , aad half i-ailing , fay , " Why my dear , btcause I aid , —and you know my love , that ' s a woman's reason for everything . " To the second a man would reply , J 3 ecauso I will : and if 1 doa't why "—and he would be within a shade of swearing . But , a woman would shake her pretty little head , " Because 1 will ; and you know , my ea .-ling , when I say a thing , 1 always do it ; aad I never do otherwise than please yon , de I my love ? " As to the third , it does everything ; for who can refuse them " What they would like . " True enough , it has brought man to the gallows ; yet who ever could grumble at so trifimp ; a trial—a thing { hat can but" happeno&ce in & man ' s / life when it- shows his attaciunens to the sex ?

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      RELIEF OF THE UNEMPLOYED POOR BY ALLOTMENTS OF LAND AND BENEFIT LOANS . TO THE EDITOR OF THE SOBTHEaN STAB . Gentlemen—Whsn I suggested at a late meeting , that a most effectual alieviatian of the existing distress would be found in affording to our unemployed artisans and operatives the mems of raising a portion of their subsistence by Bpade husbandry , some gentlemen seemed to think such a hope over sanguine ; others believed that the experiment bad already been tried and had proved a failure . Though myself convinced that such an undertaking , being founded on Bound principles , Would , if well managed , be attended with considerable benefit , I was not aware , whilst listening to the r . bove objections , to what an extent the experiment had already been tried , and what encoomgiug amount of success had attended it .

      I have great pleasure in requesting the attention of my fellow-townsmen to the facts whtcti have since come to my knowledge , confining myself for the present to the principal objoct , the prospect of finding remunera ^ live labour for the unemployed , and renewing the subject of tbe economy of manures , to which I alluded the other day , to be treated of wiih other details in a future communication . In pursuing my inquiries , my first attention was given to what appears to be considered as having been a previous trial anu failure of this mode of affording relief , made at Leeds , during the distress < if 1819 . I obtained , through tho kim 1 nes 3 of Mr . B . iiaes and of Mr . Cawood , such information as remains concerning the result fef inquiries matie by the Committee then appointed ,, and by the deputation v ? iio visited New T / imTlc to exr . mne ttio system at worii thiiie . and ulso respecting the remits of a consequent experiment in sraue husbandry made here undtr tiie management of the parish r Sicers .

      It is unnswssury to dct-iil the particular circumstances which prevented . a > u : ccssful rt-eult to the exertions then made . ' Those p-oceediEgs prove tho inttrf st then tskt-u in tha mutter , and the zaal with which all the intormatien thea accessible was collected . Tho suVject , however , veas at that time comparatively new ; aid though tiie principle involved was then perceived to he valuable , ' .:. e bust means of carrying it into effect had not bten gfccrtaintd . During the three and twenty years ' that hare ainco elapsed , the system has not only bten tturiieil , nun ita principles become much better understood , but wo have obtained the experience of its practical workii . g in numerous instances , and for cnn =: d"rah-o periods of , time . It is from the eviiisnce afl ' - rili-l i-y tbtta more recent cxpe-riments , that vre must jivJ ^ u of tho ificknoy of tha Bv .-tein .

      11 now appears prove :, by experience that the allotment Bjttetii is the iu'u « ni which spadu husbandry can ba reuiierirt r . i-ist be :: t ! tici : il to * c ! i <;¦ working classes . This sjbi-m cunr-hts iu rl ; e an ^ nucnt to a labourer cr ariizm au < l his f i ; : » i ; y of ; , s ' . nill plot of land to ba cultivate ! as tf :: ri ! c-u s-c . ' .::-. ' ! , « n which he raises veRet-: ib : o prc . iucu f hi--u- 'n-i : se o ; -for t > ak ' , and generally ri : \ rs a pi »; - T :. j < x * e : it of land so atlut d is rnott coinmoiuy-froni a qu . iTU-r t-i half an acre . It should r .-iry with tbo Eiuir-jis a , u . d circumstances of each tiiiiiily , btirg tufiicitnt -to t » ipi < . y tlieiv ? paro time

      during the ytar , l-ut tt 11 leaving them dt ^ 'ndant on their usu-tl crcployments fur tho larger portion of their maintenance . Tfce nut ouaht to be the same which ¦ would be paid by a farmer , with the addition only of a sum to over rr . tes , tithxH . aau taxes , as thesib should be paid by the landlord . T . u j . ' ot of ' sjbould be within a convenient distance of the occupier's residence , tut nf-ed not be attached to his dwelling . The pian has bavn tried and foun > i to answer Vt-ry successfully as appicd to a tJ « n population , as well as in agricultural districts .

      Ihe allotment systt-m has been quietly and gradually extending during the lait twi nty or thirty years , and has been ia successful operation for that period of time in tbe hav . o . s of some of i \ 8 earliest promoters , the Bishop of Bath ami Wtlld , and o'bera , smcnirst whom is Lord Pv ) rt : uan , who has kindly offered information and assistance ; in promoting its extension to Leeds and other warufacturiug towns . The Labourers' Frit-ud Society was established in lb 30 , for prMmolirjK the extension of tha allotment system , unutr p ^ tron . i ^ c cf tuo Kjyal Faiaily , and of

      the leaiVin ^ ' - L :: rattt ; s < f all parties in ? bo kingdom . unnt x tbe prc * pct , tus of that Society , as tho best cxplanaiiou of its vij . cla , rt-feirinx with great pleasure to the iety feuci- 'Uru ^ tug btiiteuiunts that paper contiiins respecting the rc » uiis tf ilia allotment tyetf m . From these statements it appears , that the system has extfcuihd more or less into taiity-bix counties , and that by its means seventy thousand families have been raised from want uiui nuecry t-j a state of independence , and happy fei . jijment of tiw fruits ) of their own induslij and ecocuiiij .

      Tiie prvjirei' 3 of the allotmeiit system had been , until recently , cb ( fly eoufli . eii to theauricultural tiistricts . It i » now , however , a ' tmc ' . iu ^ iu uch attentivu BTnon ^ st tbe mu-nufacturinz poj > u ! a "> ion if Nt > ttini ; hamaiid Leicebter : :: traiich aocit-ty of the sanje character aa that just menti ' . med , "waa iustituieii iast yeur iu tbe former of thtso t ' . » v . "Es . aua frwiik the lif . er 1 havs received a most cnci-uraging report of tLa interest tl . era tiJ ; in iu tue plan , more especially sn ; oi ) i . )> i tl . u workJDi ; cJassi » s . who bave formed an a »» i > cution ii ' . noiinst themselves for promoting the &ysti-. m , anil have issued an address to the landowners ami j ub , ic , ciii ; ug upon them for support and assibtar . co tuwarris their otjvit .

      A very ets .-ut : al auxilisiy to the allotment system , is tbe system of Bsn . fis Loan Funds , and the two systems Bhou ' id be combined in order to securo t ! ie beht chance of success . Tub Binetit Loan Fund Societies , by making sniatl Izsi ' . v upon proper security , to bo paid off by infetalnK-ms , tiva uluiost invaluable assistance to the imluHtricui art'z in ; in tho n ' rst arduous attempt to c-staui'Jh his independence . Uader good nianagemeiit , thvse loans have bei . n found of the most important service . Thepe two , then , the Allotment , and the Banefit Loan Fund systems , appear to be the means , of which the utility is best esVib . ^ hevi by experience , for finding remunerative l ^ ibvur for our unemployed operatives And 1 would obseive that they possess the great

      advantage of btmg simple , ami founded upon the common principita which reRu ^ .-ite the dealings of individuals with e ^ ch other , in which'men are left to act for themselves in pursuit of . thtir ' own interests , and in which no cumiM-rsi'mn system of j-uperintendence is rtquirftd . Tfu-y are by » tyms of mutual benefit ; to all cuccerued , wLich work iht-ins Ivs . They are found to answer better wh ' . n iir . iivi ^ ml proprietors can bu irdnced to svpropriatn lami f-.-r allotments , than when land is purchsseci or rtuted by a soc .-.-iy for the same purpose . Tho labourer , who , - workir . ij independently upon his own alJorir ^ nt < -f laiid , is secure of the whole benefit of his lskill , industry , and economy , is stimulated to exertion that ; he will never make for wages only .

      It-may still , however , be ofj-ected , that to render thia plan tfficient for a Lo ^ o to < v n like Lec-is , a quantity cf land would ba required which c > uld not be oMained evtn under favouralilt- circumstances . I think that on examination this ( i flLulty will be faund by no means ineupbrabls . Ti . o eupeifi ^ ies of the parish of Leeds cannot , on a rou ^ h estimate , be much less than IS . 000 to 20 000 acres , or a iq-iare of five- and a half Hiiles each way . Now , if we-.-uppose that the whole of tbo unempU-yed poor , or 4 752 families ( taking the Statement of thu Euuiu-mUnii . Committee ) , wtvo ' -to be provided-with allotmbnts , the qumt-ty of land required would amtuat to little m < ra tiiaa louO acres , or about oUe-t «" tntietii purt of the wiioiti area . If one half of this Cuu . d Vc ; ate implished . urni 500 acres appr < ipriatod , the iEcreasert prutiuce iu ioud to tho labourers can hardly bu . estimated at'le ^ s tbau £ ' 20- an aGre , or £ 10 . 000 a-year . But in faut the real benefit would b « much more nearly the wuoie produce of the area under garden cultivation , or probably £ 20 . 000 a

      year . It is quite clear , however , tfcat upon the plan of allotting small portions t . f lanii tu the unemployed labourers , who hjvu no adi quxte . means of subs : ateuce until the crop can be Eccuied , a 8 as ' . stai . ce will be necessary , in the fchupa of loans , to be repaid by instalments i u ; , of tht proceeds of the following crop ' s . To meet this emergency , a Benefit Loun Fund , of adtquato extent , would be nqiirrd . A provision wini'd a . so be necessary for dtfr . jyi . g the expenses of printing , and ¦ for paying the salary ef a stcrtiary , and of a skilful practical a ^ ricuUunsi to suptiriutsud opbraiions , give inforEiation t > any propr » eiLr 3 < f iaud vcho are uesirous to portion jt out in mikiji allotments , and still luore to the anisuua uad lauour ^ ra who would occupy su > . h ailotnirnt !! .

      For ( his ; purposes , associations would ba requisite , to vi'ir . eh it nrjft bs h-p-d that all coansctad wiih the borough , ¦ R- u . ^ iLeT bj iuud or by trade , would give a cheerful support . In this » huit and Imperfect sketch , I have given a very inudtqu ? . te dutcri ^ tum of what I think and trust ¦ nilj . prove to be a new and valuable element itbout to be very generally iatrouucfctl into the social economy of our country , as vrcil in uur luanufucturing towns as iu the agriCwiaral distr ; c : s . I contemplate the admission cf the working ciass to a fair participation , of tbe comforts and eiijoyments to be derived from the

      employment of land aud capital for-their ' own benefit , as calculated to t ffect a great end prog essive ituprovement in their condition . B > Very liiuch alleviating / if it cannot remove , the hardships-which are now pressing so heavily upon them , aiid by spreading universally a feeling that all are bentfiUed by the institutionsi under ¦ which we live , especially by the manner in which the fundamental institutiono / propeity is practically worked this system may jjrove , utiUer Gj ' A s blessing , the means of restoring fcarmony and good will amongst all elasses of the community , ty a decree scarcely to be hoped for from any other measure whxb bll parties are yet prepared to unite in carrying into tff < = et .

      Entreating your attentive consideration of the follow ^ ing paper , more especially in reference to the system , as bearing upon the Poor-rates ( an important part of the subject into which I have not space to enter , ) I remain , Gentlemen , your obedient Servant ,

      _ , James Gakxh Marshall . Headingley , June 15 , 1842 . P . S . A few copies of some of U 19 publications of the Labourers' Friend Society may ba seen at all the 3 TeWEpaper Offices in Leeds .

      Untitled Article

      CARLISLE . —The council held their regular -weekly meeting at tho council room , No . 6 , John-Bteet , Caildergate . Mr . Joha Armstrong in the chair . The Secretary reatl over the minutes of "the last meeting , after which several Eum 3 were paid in to the treasurer from yarioua districts . Letters were read by the secretary , to Sir James Graham , Secretary of State for the Home Department , and Mr . Serjeant Gbulbourn , in behalf of John Kirkpatrick . who ia novv undergoing transportation on board the Wirrior hulk , Woolwich , for the manslaughter of the late Thomas Jardine , police officer , at the late election for the borough , when ' . ' Serjeant

      Goulbourn , P . H . Howard , and William Marshall , EsquireSj were candidates . The sentence on Kirkpatricb , which was passed by Lord Chief Justice Dehmah , was considered a very severe one , uncier the cireunistances , which were not of an aggravated charaoter , having transpired during the heat of a contested election .. It appeared from the facts that-, after the nomination was over ^ the people assembled , followed the two Whig candidates , Messrs . Marshall and Howard , to the Crown and Mitre Inn , hissing and hooting them in a very unruly manner ; that as they entered the Inn , some sticks and stones were , thrown , when Mr . Grahame , the superintendent of police , who wa 3 in front of the Inn , with anumber of his men ; ordered them to charge the people and drive them back ; ( a most unfortunate circumstance , for had he forborno for a few minutes , we feel convinced the people would have all quietly dispersed ;) when the late Thomas Jardine rushed

      among the people , striking them violently in all directions } indeed , so brutal and indiscriminate was he , as to whom he struck , with his bludgeon , that he knocked down one woman , and struck another with a child in her arms ; that he also struck a little boy , who fell from his blow ; and when down , the samo fellow pinched the boy in a most brutal manner . He also aimed two violent 'blows at th& said John Kirkpatrick , who warded them off ; but who , from an ebullition of feeVing at the savage andferocious conduct of the policeman , Btruck him a blow in return , with a stick , which knocked him down , and was said to have caused his death . These are the simple and undisguised facts of tho case ; for which ; this poor fellow has been deprived of hii liberty , leaviug a poor old father , who wholly depended on him for a subsistanco , to the mercy of an unfeeling world . It is hoped that the exertions which have been made in his behalf may prove successful in getting his sentence mitigated .

      State of Trade . —At a meeting of the Town Council , held in the Town Hall , a few days ago , after passing addresses of congratulation - to- ' --the Queen and Prince Albert on her Majesty ' s happy escapo from the hands of the assassin Francia , Mr . J . Stepl moved , " That the Mayor make a respectful application to the prop&r authorities for-a portion of the money collected in lionscquencu of the- Queen ' s letter , lor Car-lisle ,, as tho distress is Very greaic " Wo consider this a very proper and judicious .. proceeding * ibr . much-has . already been dona by voluntary subscription , for tho purpose pf relieving the great . suffering which has existed for some time in

      Carlisle , and now there is a public fund to relieve the manufac £ urii 2 g distress , there is uo place more deserving of a portion of that fund than the suffering and distressed poor of this district , whose sufferings have f « rsome time been most acute ; yet they have borne them with moat exemplary patience and forbearance . We consider that aiiy money which may be obtained couid not bo placed in better or Bafer hands for disposal than in those of the Mayor and Corporation , who might expend it in a very advantageous manner , by making improvements in the Borough , not neglecting , of course , worthy objects who are incapable of labour .- ^ Correspondent .

      STOCKPORT . —The work of desolation progresses here at more than railway speed . The operatives are famishing for want of ( lie most common necessaries of life . It was a favourite argument with Mr . O'Connell that all he wanted was to see Ireland on a level with England . Our gracious rulers are determined to save that , gentleman some trouble by reducing England to a level with Ireland . Your correspondent has this day conversed with a man who . is in the habit of feeding pigs ; consequently he is obliged to gather swill to fatten them on . This swill he keeps in a back yard , locked up in a lar ^ e hogshead . During the last fourteen days . the lock has been four times broken off , and all the musty

      crusts of bread , and anything else , that even pigs could devour was stolen . He , however , was determined to watch . About three o ' clock in the morn ing , he espied a pale , hagga-rd , care-worn looking man , go to the tub * take a hammer and large nail from out of his pocket , and bre ^ k the staple off , pick the best of the swill , such as broken bread , potatoes , &e ., and put them in a tin can , anvl marched off . The man waited until he had got a little way from the premises , when he followed a « d stopped him , and charged him with stealing Lis swill . The poor fellow , without -hesitation , confessed that it was he that had broken tUo ' - ' lock , four times before ; but actual want forced him to do it . He said , "Sir , if you allow mo to take it home , I will

      then wjliingly go with you to prison , for then" I shall be suro of something to eat , ' but as it is I have nothing . " He asked if his parish would not relievo him ? He answered he " had . never tried them , nor would he ; as he was sure ho shauld have to go into the Bastilo , and that , says he , I ' ue-y . cr '' . wiU do . The man then went home with him , and , oh God ! what a sight presented itself to his view !—a mother and two little children lying on the bare boards , with nothing to cover their nakedness save the tattered rags worn-by them during the day ; the mother , too , very far advanced in a state of pregnancy . The father had been out the day before cadging , as he expressed it , and had on . ' y got twopence . I a the wurse of bit

      ramble ho met ono of our great Liberals , of whom he craved charity : the gentleman very kindly condescended to lecture him on the conduct of' the wording men refusing " cheap bread , " and ended a Very eloquent and patriotic address by assuring him that they ( the intelligent middle men ) would starve , the working clas .-es into submission ; and also informed him that her Majesty wanted a few clever young men like him to go to India , to put dawn them cannibals . This poor fellow solemnly declared that he and his wife had often been forty-eight hours without tasting anything , but cold water : he had often , as he sat by his .. 'fire ! ess hearth watching rhe heaving ^ of the boso m of his emaciated wife , and heard his innocent-little one cry for bread , contemplated putting a period to their misery by destroying them , aud then destroying himself . This is only one of thousands of similar and many worse case 3 . The shopkeepers are on their last legs ; not a day

      passes without threw or foar public auctions of their goods . At the last term for granting licenses * many landlords were 'obliged .-to advance money to ' pay for licenses for their tenauts or lose them , and if they lose a tenant ' . now there is every probability of their houses remaining empty for years- ; or if they are let at ail , it must bo at a reduction of perhaps 100 per cent . The-. house now inhabited .. by . your correspondent ^ 'h ' a « , wiihin the last five months , fallen 115 per cent * This , 1 think , is the way for carrying conviction to their minds ; and yet , strange to t&y , out of about 2 , 000 shopkeepers , all Liberals , and sympathisers with the people , how many , think you , beloiiic to the Cdarti ^ c Association ? 1 , 900 ? no ; 1 , 000 ? no . Guess atain . 500 ? no ; there are three I out of a Liberal constituency of 2 , 000 !!! Never mind , the best way to their brains is through their tills ! Iu your next number you shall hear more of this state of things . —Correspondent . .

      3loteil Anli 0enetal 3mtwi&Nce.

      3 Loteil anli 0 enetal 3 mtwi&nce .

      Untitled Article

      Religion of postry is not dead ; it will never die . Its dwellingand birth-placti ia in the soul of man , and it is eternal as the being of man . In any point of . ' space , iu any sccdon of time , ie . t there be a living Man ; and there is an infiaiiudo above him and bunea ; h him , and an Ettrnity enaompassos him on thir hand and on that ; and tones of Si > here Music , and tidings from loftier worlds , will flit arouml him , if he can but listen , and visit him with holy influences , even in the thickest-press of trivialities , or the tiin of busiest life . — T . Carltj le .

      The Universal Panacea . —It is 'astonishing , indeed , with what exclusivenesa of underaiaiidint ; eating , is- regarded « ven by intelligent ' p ' areii . ts aa the grand solatium or panacea for air the pains and troubles which afflict the young . If a Cliiid fails over a stone and brui ? es its les ^ iis ones arc imme ^ diately arrested by a sugar-biscuit stuffud into its open mouth .. If its temper is discomposed by the loss of a toy it is forthwith-sooihed r . yan offer of sweat meats the ultiniate ^ cfft'Ct of which i 3 to excite colicky pains itnits 'bowels which are worse than tVie original evi ' , for which , in thoir turn , it is pre «« ntcd with ' nice peppermint drops , ' or soma other equally pleasant antidote . Because the mouth-is-opoii when

      iho child is crying , and the mouth . -jf -a'ds to the Stomach , parents jump to the conclusion , that it is open for the purpose of being filled , aud proceed to crarn it accordiiigjy ; forgetting all the while that tho mouth leads alsoto the windpipe , and ciay open for the admission of air to the 1 ' utiga as w « U as of food to the stomach—arid that if they stuffit with cake or pudding when it is open only fpr the reception of air , they run ihe risk of suffocating the little iuriocent when their only wish is to sooth him . Everybody must have seen fits of convulsive cough induced by fragments of food being drawa into the windpipe in such circumstances ; To confound crying and the expression of pain with the craviiur

      of hung' r , js far irom being a matter of indifferonce to the child . J [ f food be given when it wishes only to be relieved from suffering , the offending cause is left in activity , and its ^ ^ effects aggravated by , the additional ill-limed distension of its stomach , but so tar is this important truth from being sufficiently impressed on the minds of pavents and nurse 3 >' - . that nothing is more common , when ^ the child refuses to fvvallowiaorejbut still continues to cry , than to toss it in . the nurise ' s armadas if on purpose to Bhake down its food , and then resume the feeding . And in such attempts it is top true that the preservaiice of the nurse often gets the better of the child , and forces it at last to receive the food at which it really loathes . — Wllliamsburgh Democrat .

      25an^V\Q?T^ &*;

      25 an ^ v \ q ? t ^ & *;

      Untitled Article

      fil THE NORTHERN STAR , ¦ . .: / ' ; . ¦ .: . ,. " . . ¦ , \ ^¦¦^ :-. X : ^ . y / -- ^^ A

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 25, 1842, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct894/page/6/