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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th April 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • fgg PRODUCERS OF WEALTH, AND 50 Si TB° SE WH0 LIYB BY IKDI}ST;RY qj TES iAKD-
    • €$ant£t &ttt$Xli$ente.
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      Untitled Article

      ¦ fffesererl address jonapen any subject of great Sijnee , or one upon which from novelty yon ^^^^ souably ^ npposed to bo bnt ill-informed , ^ derSi ^ nP ° ^^ occasions to showihat ' ¦^ Lt iaie up my Bnbjeci for & mere dap-trap ^ j ^/ Althongh the question of the Land is new not ew to me jnor navensea 101

      r ^ r jjis n i n any ISf ^ ar pose . I wrote npan It Twenty je&rsy + go ^ j ^ g B sform era is the Bewer » i » nd aarall fime 2 Lasii is iv-gone , let meTerj Irriefly-remind ^ r ^ jjj eip ijt T [ lave token sincethen upon the jjnlbe years 1833 and 34 , 1 Toted in . the minority i T . pgrfiamentary enquiry into the Agricultural SL of ftis coinm- The Whigs then opposed it , % Z they are bawling out for Iti as nsnal , always " a t after the fair . " I bare no substantive act of my to refer yon to during the two first years of my Stjjnentary career , except my repeated endea-T 8 ss fc > ^ orce * £°° ^ system x > f Irish Poor Iawb ^ o &e English Parliament j and which , had not ikVconBell Bnd his party wilfully opposed me , fl aiit to kase npon the principle of

      labour-prejfrrflfQZL . ] b 1835 j when I discoTered that the question of a u » ped of the Union was to be kept up for the mere Eposes—firstly , of satisfying the Irish with the Slang that was done for them , and reconciling A jBiofhe xniich * 'ra thai was done to them '; and , ^ 27 , as * means of ready access So their . jj ^ a I then turned my attention to questions of m $ 7 ^ asd , in 3835 , I gave notice of a motion to 2 s flowing e 2 eci : " To compel landlords to give at rent and in all

      jasain perpetmty a corn j eases ^ je Imds were leld upon lease at ' rack rent , ' to ges the 6 ir Ts 3 ne by a jury in like manner as the rijja of pirate property jb now assessed , when wnsred Tor public purposes ^ ' The same evening I S ^ ore Bofi » of a motion to remove aB Parsons t flf ^ ja Commission of ihe Peace . " However , I ^^ ected from the House before my ~ time for XOTn ! S ^ jn iTed ; and , instead of haying the rapor&mitj af making my motions , I was moTed

      ^ jESSj lTriote several letters in the True Sun jjBsptpa . TOider the name of Qnintus CSncinatus , ^ die subject of the Land , and also Trader my own juk upon the mbject of Poor Laws . la 1837 , I established fee Northern Star , and toss fiat period to the present I have been « ndeammg to prepare the pnblie mind for this measure if reform aid Tegener&tion . In 1839 , I addressed a serie 3 of letters ^ to the BJdfls dase&of Yorkshire , in the character of can-&&& for their Safirages , upon the Landed question .

      In 18401 wrote mj letters to the Irisb landlords , aad my reply to Baptist Nod ' s foolish pamphlet , together wivh many other tracts upon the Land , from Irak Ca 3 tle . In 18411 wrote what I thought the most valuable series span the prindplcy for CleaTe ' s Halfpenny Chartist Circular . In 1842 , I lectured and wrote © ontinnaliv upon the subject ; and in 1 * 43 , 1 consider it ripe for agitation .

      Beyond these passports to your calm thoughtfuljgsupon mj own behalf , 1 must further remind joafiai upon the introduction of the New Tariff by Sir Boberi Peel , I was the first man in the empire to measure the xeal Talue and to seize upon the important features of that giant . I told Sir Robert Peel , in my Jrst letter upon the snbjectj that the i £ Zi ffjjpoacon -which he would be called upon to Beet , TNL > d be the opposition of those who " Whistled tl &e TlsughT I th ™ fr subsequent events have pcTBd ilat I was Tight ; as the Chartist trials have &M is persuading the landed proprietors that aenritj for two-thirds of their property would be &sp ! j purchased at the expense of one third , by Tdaja" peace at boms" was to be purchased .

      Dnbg the approaching recess you will see such & jgiafioa , such a combination , and such a contpfruj formed against Sir Robert Peel , as no 3 Giis * erin this country ever yet had to face . When fia ! Ejriff measure was-first introduced , I told yon $ ai 3 iroald have the effect of redncing the rent rflud , especially in Ireland , some thirty per cent . * l * Smscripia manei . " It is written ; and in the &ar H is publishedj and 1 am borne out by the

      Jtssbs ia Ireland ! At the same time I lold yon JbS the Tariff wonld be an incalculable benefit to Sseaiddle class , and would , five times over , compensi 6 for any amount of income-tax laid upon them ; lad I farther told yon that Machinery would Squire you of any , the slightest , benefit in the 2 a » aEe . Rralj , I showed that it would be of Bidnntagetothe surplus paupers ; and , secondly Tka in working order , the reduced price of food vwM be made the standard price of wages .

      VeDjWhen I first propounded these things , I was iojkd * t . « p oi , i Triat is land here worth . " ¦ "Who would be bothered clod-bopping , upon the Jare chance of making five ~ per cent fox capital , when B » hundred per cent « an be made of iabocb V * ¥ h » i do we tare about ferity of tennref and so TnUu 5 Ms was the Tray in which I was met , ^ etuse the question bad ai-ways been mooted with Bferenee to capital and machinery , but never met TRfli reference to LABors ! And to speak to men Jtont jrorinp food , when they could get money for &Hr hbonr to buy feod , wa 3 ** throwing pearls

      before Euiae , " Batnowsee theresult J The system ^ ach bis made a drug of produce while the profeeer * ire caked , has actually made a drng of money Tiie the ptople and the Government are baokrnpt I Cs 3 i * njtiuD be more trae than that at the present E 0 ttsn ; tlietjOTernment of tbi 3 couuuy is put to its wits' end to keep " The Thisg" afloat I while a krgefflajorijj of the producing class are put to their tRts ' tnd to keep life in iheir bodies ] ] And does tot lib Jaci prove that the Government is . after

      * 2 j but the tool ol the middle or mouied classes , 43 they have contrived to smilorr up S * wiole riches uf lie country ? By bonds , loans , ^ ttort ^ ases , they have become the real owners « * large jTortion of ihe landed property i while , as ^^ sbsts , t / iey Lave bad uueontrolled power over ee hbonr of the country . Inasmuch , tben , as all « QJ irsalth h * a 3 Fprang from labour , and from p ^ oaly ; anJ- inasmuch as thosewho realise it iBMhon are stai "ring , I ihink few will deny that Cse waat of « p ^ . . ^ on for Labour" is the cause of

      ^^ ° f the grievanc es with which society is afflicted . ^ o rea ed y these , grievances , then , is no easy *» j bst is one whi . ^ b , if vigorously set about , ^* J be very EpeedHj \ ecojQplisbed ; and , as my fiare in the g ood work , / now propose to submit to J ° Q c onaceraiion—what yoa are , and what yon * Sfct to be , and mifiht be . Y « nare , in a word , a pot , r , beggarly , lousy Bet ? " ^ Ss I "Without house or hade , or bread , or ^ rcieSjiOT fad ; begging tbe mv ws of subsistence , ^ attanifd to Hm wlro wia coh ? - J * ax sweat into ^« I Thai » jnst -tfxx JOfl ^ g . « awling sycor-tots 11 nation of servile mendicant ! I

      v wr mark what yoa might be ! Jvst what you ? " 6 made others : comfortable , indeptTJde . it , and ^ PJJthaEijngiojjjan fof ^ jQj ^ jjg of snbsa encel r ^ a jour own casUes from wbicn no foe » k ^ d ^ R eject you , and in which no tyrant werw'W j ^ tom-rade JDD - You are now surplns lumbfe " ^^ tod t mark -what I propose to make you . . I ) ™* at to your mental view a district comprising ™ Mres of land to show what it iB capable of ™™ s ; and remember , thatwh&t can be done with " * ei £ trict of 1100 acres may be done with almost * 7 otfeer 1100 acres , because it is labour , and labour •*» <•> which gives TSlne to land . Labour reduces W *?* * * ° * monld W' ^ ' *» *• most ^ a joWiouse plant , wbfle It gives substance and *^» a-to the very lightest boU .

      ^ OnelhouBand acres of the 1100 , then , I propose to 250 W ^ T * Diia Portions of / our acres each , to ^^ ^ aos of famines . The remaining 100 acres I ^ jPose to assign as ground in common for district nS **?* to ^ cnlfiTatedas followF , and for the " ^ fte r ^ Dentwned purposes . jVjr £ occupant of four acres should be bound to "urdsys in each quarter , or sixteen days in . jj - Jesr of free labonr , upon the 100 acres . - } woaia amonnt to ; four thousand days ' 11 poa Bioetj acres of ground 5 tea acres

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      in ihe centre being allotted for play and exercise ground , and pasture : the only ten acres of pasture in the whole 1100 j as , after all , grass is but the best a weed , and a raw material . The public buildings necessary for the district wonld consist of a square of farming offices , school , and library houses , hospital , and surgery . The inhabitants , besides the cultivatorsjjf the soil , would consist of about ten tbopkeepers , ninety tradesmen , surgeon , and his assistant , schoolmasters and mistresses , steward , or manager of the one

      hundred aeres of ground , and gardener . Allowing five persons to each family , and tbe number of families to be 360 j that is , 250 four-acre farmers , 180 shopkeepers and tradesmen , and ten . of all other callings j the whole population wonld then consist of 1 , 800 persons , or 360 heads of families ; and I estimate that of that number 500 children would go to school ; and the boys , say 2 * 0 , or one half , would do a portion of work upon the 100 acres , while the girls would learn needle-work , and assist in all domestic and culinary avocations .

      The boys , such as are able , should go to work on Jhejeommon ground at six o ' clock from the first of Maitsh UU the first of October . They should work «* weeding , gardening , gathering manure § . picking stones and digging , from six to eight ; breakfast at eight , play till nine , go to school at nine , be taught till twelTO , w ? lk from twelve to three , then dine , and go home * at four . All should breakfast and dine , that is , all the children , and masters and mistresses , in the Bchool ToomB , and should be e fed off the produce of their parents' and their own labour upon the common ground .

      A committee of seven persons should be elected by the safirages of the inhabitants to manage all the general concerns , such as the schools , the library , and the dietary ; they should also give directions to the steward and gardeners , and apportion the monies ^ derived by the sale of surplus produce , after consumption and payment of salaries , from the 1 O 0 acres , share and share alike , among the 240 persons by whose labour it was raised .

      That sickness should not fall heavily upon any one individual , the hospital and dispensary should be supported by general contribution . There should be nothing ia common , save and except the public institutions , and the one hundred acres of land . Every man should be master of his own house , bis own time , and his own earnings , and each should be a cog in the great wheel . It is my intention hereafter to enter fully into the amount of produce which the 100 acres wonld yield , and to show the snrplns it wonld leave for

      distribution after consumption and payment of schoolmasters and mistresses , steward and gardener ; and io those who cannot wait patiently for the whole series of letters , and who may be sceptical upon the subject , I have only to remind them that upon such 100 acres of bind there would be expended annually a day ' s labour of 4 , 000 adults ; and for eight months in the- year five hours a day of the labour of 250 youths , or about 48 , 000 days' labour in each year ; and that that amount of labour would make every acre of land worth £ 50 , and

      more . As no human law can be perfect , it would be necessary to annex some stringent conditions for the well-being of the rural population . Those which 1 would propose would be as follows : —That all Brewers , Bankers , Attorneys , and Barristers , be excluded from residence ; and that no peraon be allowed to keep a horse for work . He might keep as many as he pleased for pleasure . No borse labour would be required for any purpose , bnt to lead manure , draw home the harvest , and take the

      produce to market ; and those might be hired from per * sons who would very soon discover tbe amount of horse-labour required for a district , and who would , ne doubt ,. regulate the supply and the demand ; but I never yet knew of a farmer who did not keep doable the nmnber of horses necessary for his work . Of course if the plan became national and very extensive , then horso labour , which otherwise , might be supplied from withont , would be taken into consideration , and made a necessary part of the whole .

      J remember that a sapient nialthuEian of the name of Hill , ( not ojtr HiiXj ) once denounced my plan by jusWti )); -what would be done with the rising generation ? I did not then condescend to answer so foolish a question ; but to save such querists any trouble for a very long time to come , I beg to submit to their consideration the following arithmetical question : — If 1000 acres of bind will supply 2800 persons with more than enough , " how many persons will 30 , 000 , 000 acres supply ? Answer , 60 , 000 , 000 ; and

      when our population amounts to that number , then I will talk to the Malthusians , to " the Duke of Argyll and the Prince Edward Farming Association , without land or money . " I have only said 30 , UOO . O 00 acres j because we are too few to talk ot waste land yet : and I have only allowed two to each acre , whereas each acre wonld support four ; or 50 , 000 , 000 acres wonld support 120 , 000 , 000 of population . Bnt this ii certainly will not do , if one Shepherd eats up the produce of a parish , or if one Capitalist eats up the profit of a whole village .

      Those who cannot otherwise combat my plan , cry "Barbarism / " But if to make drnnkenneS 3 a sin , ignorance a crime , theft a wonder , and falsehood a disgrace , be M barbarism" then am I a ** barbarian" ! and that the Lord may barbarime " the world , is my devout prayer 11 If there was a cotton mill npon the precincts of such a district as I have described , I should be glad to know how many English mothers would abandon their " sweet homes" to work for Mammon , and how many fathers would allow their little children to work in the pest house J

      Of course I have not said one word about Poob Laws , as none would be needed ; or about Gaols , as they would be useless ; or about Police , as all would be constables ; <* i about Parsons , as each , according to his belief , would have full power to go and worship at tke altar of which he most approved ; but would have too much sense to make his creed the subject of strife or contention at home . I may here briefly refer to a portion of one of my former letters upon tbe Land . I expressed my great astonishment at the manner in which couDtry gentlemen with small comfortable fortunes , and not being

      aspirantB for office , could so far stultify themselves as to join Ihe great Lord or wealthy 'Squire in tbe neighbourhood , in promoting their individual aggrandisement . I showed that such folly wboDy I arose from the social dependency of the little I 'Souire and little Gentleman upon the smiles and I countenance of the great 'SquireB and great Gentlemen . I can very well account for Earl Fitawilliam ( a WMg ) upon the one iand , and Lord WharnclifFe ^ ( a Tory ) npon the other hand , respectively sacrijg ^ ing a large amount of landed income for a lax \ * monnt of political income ; but why the little Gentlemen should allow themselves to be so polled iT ? S * 88 of wine » a nt > di a DOW > or smileJ kasabm B astonished me . But to prove that

      politics , more k » an justice , inflaences great personages , I must mention what I find stated in a morning paper now before p * * **** fte ^^ 8 Earl Fitxwilliam , desponding of . ^^ 8 Besurrection , and chagrined it the defeat Oi " his son at the last election for the West Bidifi ^> bas raised Mb xents twenty per cent , ; and has alsO raised bis cottage rents from 6 d . to Is . 6 d . a-week , w ^ & *»»* * && «» a shilling a-week from the wages ei ' Ms labourers . The Earl has said that the Lord has shM that the poor must ever abide in the land . " The landlord is a prophet with the power of fulfilling the prediction I Of eourse , I make no comment upon vbis , further than to say that my plan is the onjy m . eSBS by which such acts can be prevented in future .

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      The great opposition whicV will hereafter present itself to the Minister will be the combination of all the lesser squires and gentlemen who , while satisfied with political protection , allowed the thing to wag ou , making no more than a decent show of politics upon all fitting occasions ; but now no power can separate political from Bocial considerations . For this desirable change we have to thank that portion of the Tariff which admits live stock , and cured meat , and foreign fruits and provisions , at a very low rate of duty ; and which , at the same , time , takes the whole duty off foreign bides , tallow , hoofs , horns , tails , and bones ; because a live beast brings all those things in him , ou him , or about him .

      You are now wise enough to have discovered that society is very curiously and precariously constituted , and that the old machinery of Government cannot hold place with the new inventions of the mind , any more than the owner of an old mill with old machinery can compete "with the owner of a new mill with new machinery . Those who flourish now do not owe their greatness to their wisdom , their justice , or their goodness . They owe it , or rather hitherto they have owed it , to your ignorance . The knaves and the artful of society ever live and thrive upon tbe follieB and the ignorance of the fools of

      society . Thus you will find the press Beizing every melo-dramauo abomination , and placarding forth tbe contents of their own immorality , in the b ^ pe of { ratifying ihe depraved taste of their readers . This is very deplorable : but I feel oonvinoed that aa announcement that the Northern Star would contain an account of a brutal rape , a shocking murder , or a destructive fire , would insure a much larger sale than an announcement , that it would contain a letter upon the Land and Social Economy . However , I write to improve . Many write to debase , and to make

      money of the depraved taste that they have created . No portion of the press will criticise my letters upon the Land ; and for this simple reason : its conductors know no more of the subjeot , nor half so much , as the poorest operative who reads ray letters . They -will harp upon religions prejudices as soon aa my project becomes alarming to misrule Indeed , already the heralds of bigotry have begun to bellow out " Socialism , " Well , well ; be it so J He is but a miserable reptile who cannot bear hard names , in the furtherance of a holy project . But

      again I tell you that my plan has as much to do with Socialism as it has with the Comet ; aad as the Irishman said in . reply to his landlady , upon being asked what she should call him : " Be gar , " said be , " you may call me vat you plaise , if yoa call me to my dinners . " Now , so I say : * ' Be gar , " they may call me vat they plaise , if they call you to your dinners . " I can onlj tell yoa , that when we get hold of the first 1100 acres of land , I shall be the happiest man in tbiB world ; and will setk to lay it out more profitably and more speedily than any other man , and with less expense .

      Perhaps I have left a gap in the former part of my letter which should be filled up . I have not assigned any duties to the children fr * m the 1 st of October t » the 1 st of March . Of course , although they would not work in tbe fields daring that time , they would attend the schools and lectures at reasonable hours . I should also state that the dressing of flax , and spinning , and knitting , and other occupations would be carried on during the winter months ; and that lecturers would be employed to lecture upon scientific subjects—so that the young " barbarians" may differ as much as possible from the present race of the ignorant civilised classes .

      The one hundred acres of free ground with this village community of shop-keepers , trades ' -people , and assistants , would stand in the centre , and thus shorten the distance to that point from the extremities of the district . As to borse-power , and transportation of surplus paupers , I have merely to add , that it would be much more politic , humane , and economical , to send all the fat horses abroad , or cut their throats at home , than to send the poor from our shores j as I believe upon calculation it would be found that there is more produce consumed by horses and gindrinkers , than by the whole population of the country .

      I wonder when the pious parsons , and humane Anti-Corn-Law League , will advocate my simple plan of providing " bi « h wages , cheap * rea » , and riEKTY to do , " for those whose present condition so mortifies their tender bowels ! ! I am , Your faithful Servant , Feae « us O'Connor .

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      ZtONPON . —A meeting of the General Council ) resident in London , was held on Sunday afternoon at the Political and Scientific Institution , Turnagaln-lane , to disenss the plan of organ ' zation aa laid down by Mr . O"Conn » r . Mr . Robson having been called to the chair , read over the names of the various localities , when it was found that upwards of eighty councillors were present ftom twenty different localities , Mr . 8 almon was elected secretary . Tbe Chairman having read Mr . O'Connor ' s p " an , Mr . "Wheeler moved and Mt . Morton seconded , " that it be discussed clause by clause . " Mt . Brown moTed " that the meeting adjourn until the following Sunday , to allow of time for considering the varions pJans . * After considerable discussion the motion to proceed with tho discussion was

      carried by a large majority . Tbe first clause regarding the taking of & commodious hall was approved of . bnt the discussion of it was deferred until the other clauses were disposed of . Mr . Brown moved and Mr Fu ^ sell seconded the adoption of the clanse appointing an Executive of five , and a council of thirteen . Mr . Parker proposed &s aa amendment '' that the thirteen should be resident in London , but elected by tbe votes of the whole members of the National Charter Association . " Mr . Brown , of Bloomsbury , seconded the amendment , which was anpported by Messrs . Pickersgill , Wheeler , and others . Mr . Goodwin moved and Mr . Packer seconded , " tbat the thirteen councilors be dispensed with . " Mr . Parker's amendment was carried by a large

      majority , and the clause as amended was agreed to . The second clause was altered to read as follows : — ' That the General Secretary shall have a permanent office , which shall also be tbe office of the Executive when . they meet . " The third clause was agreed to with the addition of the words , " and oftener if neces * Bary . " An amendment was moved for seven to constitute & qnornm , which was lost Mr . Morton moved , and Mr . Fussell seconded , " That a committee be appointed to report on the whole of the planB on the ensuing Sun-lay . Motion lost Tbe Council then adjonrned until tbe ensuing Sunday at three o ' clock . All tbe speakers dwelt upon the necessity of immediate Bteps being taken to perfect and bring into operation some system of organisation .

      The Lambeth Touao Men met on Sunday evening last , when , according to announcemant , Mr . C . Belwell , of Bath , attended and delivered an eloquent and instructive lecture , in which he clearly proved the superiority of the present agitation over all past agitations , by its being purely a struggle of labour's rights against the encroachments of the capitalist , as well aa to Becure to the working man , through the People ' s Charter , that protection which the present UDJust system of class legislation denies him , cansed by the past apathy and blindness of the great mass of tbe people to their political rights . Thanks were nnanimously given to the lecturer for his address , when be kindly offered to deliver a lecture on the fifth Sunday evening from the present , to young men , shewing the necessity and in fact the duty of their taking part in the present onward march for freedom .

      The Gbubbal COUMC 1 L of Surrey met as usual on Sunday night . Report * were received tbat the ConncU had been well received at the various localities to discuss the subject of ths land ; and all seemed to concur In nrging our tried friend , Feargua O'Connor , Esq ., to follow up tbe plan be has aiggested for its attainment—and , more particularly , as a powerful auxiliary to the immediate , if possible , re-organiaition of our body . . In consiquence of the distance fceing great for many-of the Council to * attend at theBofcuntfa , it was agreed to obviate it by meeting , until further arrangements are made , at 1 ,: China Walk . Mr . O'Connor ' * plan of orgsni « ition war gone into , and is to be again brought on on Sunday next . It is hopes the Importance of the subject is mien as require no farther appeal tor &s numerous attendant M possible on Sunday next

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      Metropolitan Delegalb Meeting . — -This body after transacting B » me minor business , adjourned to co-operate with the General Council ; la . 6 d . was received from Globe Fields , and la . 6 i . from Bainabury Park . 1 , Tdbnagain-Lanb— Mr . Cameron lectured at the Political and Scientiao Institution , on Sunday evening , on " the ' Duties of ; Chartism , '' and was highly applauded .. Mewra , Mee , Cowan , Jiathbone , aud Miss Walker , olio addressed the audience , and [ discussion wa » keptup .-with great spirit until a late hour . Messes . Wheeler and Sew ell during the past week visited Colchester , Ipswich , and other Chartist Localities in Essex and Suffolk , distributing tracts , holding meetings , Jtc Tbe want of an efficient organization ia greatly felt and complained of in this district .

      SiiK Weavebs Locality . —The members of this Locality tnet at the Weavers' Arms , Pelham-street , on Sunday , Mr . T . Buck , jun ., in the chair . The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed . Mr . D . Cardon waa elected Sub Treasurer , pro Urn instead of Mr . . Carry who has ' resigned . Mr . Gordon moved " That we have another excursion to Watford on too third Monday In July / ' which waa seconded by Mr . Hart and . carried unanimously . Mr . Buck , sen . moved " That ire have a Watford Club at this house every Saturday evening , at eight o'clock , Tiokets may be paid for by persons paying threepence per week into tbe club ? ' Carried unanimously . Resolved , "Tbat we Bi&t at this house : every Sunday evening , at seven o ' cloc | , to tranBact the feusiuesB of thla Locality . " TBE London Locality met on Sunday , in the Hail j > f Science . Blackfriar ' s , Road ; Mr . Lockett In the chair . ' MrrMartin attended , for the purpose of lecturing ; but a motion having been made relative to Mr . O'Connor ' s

      letters , au excellent discussion ensued , Messrs . Brown , S . Knlghtdn , Andrews , and Carefoot ably showed the practicability of carrying it out . Mr . Martin expressed bis fear tbat it would serve as a detraction from the Charter . The resolution was unanimously carried , and the subject will be again commenced by Mr . Brown on Monday , after Mr . Fuseell has delivered bis lecture . Resolved , " That this meeting being of opinion that it is highly necessary that some decided , tangible , and beneficial course should : be immediately taken ; and , believing that the means of obtaining a comfortable sustenance for tbe people lies in the land , hails Air . O'Connor ' s two letters with great delight , and pledge ourselves , as soon as he bus laid his whole plan before us , to , collectively and individually , aid him in carrying it out , being of opinion that Us adoption will be a powerful auxiliary to the attainment of the People ' s Charter . ' Twelve subscriptions were paid down us a commencement to its furtherance .

      The Members of the Wai worth locality met at their rooms on Monday evening last . Mr . Pascell in the chair . The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed , and other local business wa 3 transacted , after which the meeting adjourned till Monday evening next , at seven o ' clock precisely . The whole of the members ot the Walworth locality are requested to meet on Monday evening next , at seven o ' clock precisely . Cleekenwell , —A pnblie meeting of the Chartists of Clerkenwell was held on Monday evening , at the Old Blue Lion , 15 , Coppice Row , Mr . M . Weeden in

      the chair . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Bails . Cohen , Waddington , and Westny , after which the follewlng resolution was agreed to : — "Tbat the whole of the members of tbiB locality be requested to meet on Monday evening next , to take into consideration the best means of arousing tbe inhabitants of this parish to a sense of their duty to themselves and their country ; and also that two persona be appointed to call upon all persons in this district known to be favourable to tbe principles of the Charter , and request their assistance in promoting the prosperity of the National Chatter Association . "

      The Chartists of Croydon h » ld their usual weekly meeting on Monday , Mr . Claxton in the chair TUe minutes of the last meeting having been read and coofirmed , tbe report in the Northern Star , headed Chartism in Essex was read , when Mr . Bluckaby , in a neat address , eulogised the bold and talented conduct of Messrs . Wheeler and Sewell , in thus bearding tyranny in its den , and planting the standard of Chartism in tho midst of the most intolerant and priest-ridden county in England . After congratulating the good men of Coggerahall , for having so efficient and talented a

      a chairman , he concluded by moving the following resolution : — " We , the Chartists of Croydon , tender to the Chartists of Coggersball an unqualified vote of thanks for their late manly and determined conduct in resisting tbe mandates of the town authorities , and embracing tbe principles of true democracy contained in the People's Charter . " Mr . Hodger responded to , aud seconded , the resolution , which was carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was given to the chairman , and the meeting adjourned to Monday evening next

      Lah 9 eth . —At a meeting of members in ( his locality it was unanimousl y agreed , " Tnat any plan to be effectual in bettering the condition of the working class must teud to establish the Charter as the law of the land . Wo therefore hail with pleasure Mr . O'Connor ' s letters respecting the means of obtaining the land as the means of obtaining the Charter , and pledge ourselves to take the same into consideration so soon as the whole plan is brought forward , and carry it out to the utmost of our power . " Ic was announced that tho Council residing in Surrey and Kent would meet here next Sunday evening , ; that the district visiting meeting would be held iiext Monday evening , at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth ; and that a lecture would be delivered here next Tuesday evening , by Mr . Mantz .

      Makylebone . —On Sunday evening last , Mr . F . O'Connor ' s letter was ; read from the iS / ar , which elicited au animated discussion . These letters are doing a deal of good to the Chartist cause . The Caxbebwell Locality met , as usual , on Monday last , to transact business , when it was proposed , in consequence of the eleotion for general Secretary taking place on Monday next , that our meeting should be adjourned until Tuesday . Totteb Hamlets—Ghaktist Hall—The committee for carrying out the above objcot , met oh Sunday last , April 23 rd , Mr . Plunkett in the chair . Cards for shareholders were ordered to be printed . A deputation was appointed to wait on tbe members for the Borough and other gentlemen , to solicit their aid in carrying out the object in view . Tbe meeting then adjourned until Sunday next , to meet iu the Working Mens' Hall , 29 j Mile End , and at half-past nine in the forenoon .

      Golden Lion , Dean Street , Soho . —Mr . O'Connor ' s plan of organisation was discussed by Messrs . Skelton , Grover . and Smith . The plan gave general satisfaction , and the discussion was [ adjourned . The landlord gave two shillings and sixpence for the benefit of the cause . Mr . Skelton will lecture next Sunday evening , at half-past eight o ' clock . BAWICK . —The working men of this place have been furnished with another proof , if proof were wanting , of the sympathy of the League manufacturers for their degraded condition . The firm of Dickson and Laings , after having kept their hands stinted to a mere pittance for a considerable time past , did , on the 15 th inst ., refuse to give out more work , unless at a reduction of 10 per cent ., and to induce the men to comply with the oSered reduction , they promised to give them full work . The men refused tho Work on these terms , and

      called a meeting of the whole trade in the Town Hall , where it was unanimously resolved to resist the reduction , and a depntation was appointed to wait upon one of the partners , and lay the whole case before him . The meeting then adjourned till Monday . On Monday , the Town-hall was found too little for the meeting , which was adjourned to the open air , when arrangements were made to support the men turned out , and to assist whoever might be inclined to tramp , and such a determination shewn , as has induced the company to abandon the proposed reduction ; but as a punishment for presuming to defend their only property—their laboura great number were turned off next morning and tbe following days , and their frames are being sent to the neighbouring towns and villages . On Monday , the 17 th inst , Mr . Dickinson delivered an address in the market-place , to one of the largest meetings that has been held here for a long time past

      SOUTH SHIELDS—A tea Iparty was held here on Easter Monday , at which Mr . Beesley was present , and delivered an excellent speech . _ Several patriotic toasts and sentiments were given and responded to , and the evening was spent in the most happy manner . DUNDEE . —Mr . R . Poddie , of Edinburgh , who endured a long imprisonment and cruel treatmentvisited Dundee on Sunday , on his way to Edinburgh , where he was requested to preach in the Christian Chartist Church . He had not much time to prepare himself , but be consented at once to their wishes , and gave a moat excellent and instructive discourse to an attentive audience .

      DALKEITH . —Tricxs of Corn Law Lectubbhs —Mr , Acland , who has been figuring for some time past in different districts in Scotland , during tha last week put oat handbills , stating that he would deliver two lectures on the Corn Laws , in Mr . Brown ' s church , Dalkeith , on the evenings of Monday , April 24 th , aud Thursday , the 27 th . This is the first time we have been troubled with any of the Plague ; and , by the time Mr . Acland has finished bis two lectures , we fancy he will wish he had not gome now < Well , the first of these lectures eame

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      off on Monday night , and at seven o ' clock , Mr . Aoland ascended the pulpit ; and aj more self-conceited speaker we never saw mount a rostrum . There was a very thin audience , the great majority being Chartists , who had goneiout of curiosity to hear the big gun . Tue lecture , full of common place nothings , and appsals to the ( religions prejudices of the people , went off very quiet and tamely . But , aa ho had stated in his bills that he would answer any questions that were put to him , he was asked several by two individuals of Dalkeith , * but shuffled by saying he would not answer them till Thursday night , it would interfere with his arrangement , &c . &o . During the time one of these persons was enforcing his question , viz ., " What is the best

      means to repeal the Corn Laws t ihe was grossly interrupted by the repealers , Aoland , by inuendoes , leading them on ; upon this , Mr . Wm . Daniells , of Lasswade , rose aud said . Really , gentlemen , I must appeal to your senso of juBtice to allow this man & hearing ; if you love fair play yourselves , I trust you will allow fair play to others . jAs to Mr . Acland , 1 must say that it would have been more to his honour to have auswered the questions in a manly and straight forward manner , instead of equivocating and shielding himself with sophistry . Further , I alto maintain tbat it would have { redounded most to the credit of Mr . Aoland and his masters , the League , if he would act in a becoming manner and keep his temper—( loud cheers ) . Mr . Dickinson , of

      Manchester , now rose to question the lecturer ; he would give no answers , but , } as usual , shuffled . A short discussion ensued between Messrs . Acland and Dickinson , evidently in favour of the latter , during which Dickinson challenged and dared him to discuss the question openly any night during the week ! But , no , he would not meet him , unless he ( Dickinson , mark , a perfect stranger ) could get a dozen farmers to sign a paper , stating that they appointed him the champion of bread taxing , then he would meet him , not else ! This was received with general hisses . Acland then began to congratulate the inhabitants , that none of them had questioned him , ( though it was notorious that two had done so , and he woald not answer them ); they were of course satisfied with his statements , when Mr . Daniolls again rose and said , " Not so , Mr . Acland . I wish to ask you a few questions ; and I am an inhabitant householder in this district : do you

      contend tbat the present depression of trade and low prices of labour , are caused by the operation of the Corn Laws ? Acland—Decidedly ! ] Daniells—Then what comes of the statement of yourself and the League , that you wished the repeal of those laws to enable you to compete with foreign manufacturers , that is , to reduce the wages of their workmen to the standard of tbe foreigner ! Acland , in a rage , declared he would answer no more questions , it was getting late , Ac . He thon told Dickinson to come aud hear his arguments on iThursday ni ^ ht . Dickinson—I have heard your arguments often before , —once too often , unfortunately for myself , &t Manchester . Mr . Acland—Perhaps I have got wiser since then ! Mr . Daniells—If you have not got wiser , one thing is certain , you have got a precious deal more self-important since you resided in Hull ! Thus ended the fim League exhibition in Dalkeith .

      BIBMINGHAM . —Mr . E . P . Mead oommenoed his summer campaign , on Sunday last , by preaching twice within the walls of the new Chartist Hall , which is now being ereeted in shires . Numerous audiences attended his lectures . AstoN'Strbet . —Mr . Mead lectured hereto a good audience on Sunday evening . ; An out doou public meeting was held at Dnddeston-Row , on Monday evening last , when Mr . Mead and W . S . Lindon addressed the meeting , which was very well attended . Several fresh members enrolled thoir names .

      MANCHESTER . Carpen ^ r's Hall . Two lectures were delivered in the above ; hall on Sunday last . In the afternoon , by Mr . Thomas Clark , from Stockport ; and in the evening , by Mr . James Leach , who , in a mas terly manner exposed the many fallacies and contradictory statements set forth by the great League authority , Mr . Grcig , ia his pamphlet on the question of free trade . Mr . Leach proved to the satisfaction of tha audience , the superiority of free labour on the land , to the present system ef slavery carried on by the factory system of this country . Mr . Leach then said , that in ail probability that was the last time he would have the opportunity of addressing them , at least for , some time , as he had received a letter from Mr . O'Connor , calling ' upon them to appear in London . He exhorted them to cherish the spirit of love and unity with eaoh other , aud not to waste their valuable tim ^ in little petty differences , but to unite heart and hand iu the great work of a nation ' s freedom .

      Thb Chabtist Painters held their usual weekly meeting iu their room , W .: ( . sou-street , on Wednesday evening last , when Mr . D . xon delivered a lecture , at the conclusion of winch several new members were enrolled . \ BULL . —On Monday evening last ; a public meeting waa held in tho Freemasons' Lodge , to petition Parliament to investigate the late ; conduct of the p olice , with a vkw to bring the guilty parties to justice . The Lodije was crowded : to suifooation . Mr . R . Riiider was cailetj to tho chair . Mr . Smallwood proposed tho fir-t resotu ' . iou , jwhich asserted the right of the people to meet without interruption , censured the conduct of 'he police , land staed the necessity of petitioning Parliament for redress . Mr .

      Cohill briefly seconded it . Mr . Robert Lundy proposed the adoption of the petition , and in a lengthened speech , pointed out the conduct of tho Whig magistrates when it suited their own purposes , causing obstructions in the Market-place , and burn ing the effigy of Sir Robert Peel and ' other peaceable demonstrations . Mr . West seconded the petition in a long speech , in which he severdy castigated the police . He then read tho petition , which was carried with tremendous cheriug . : Mr . Ranabden moved , that Mr . Dum- <> ui > e present , the petitiou , aud that Mr . Gisborne , Mr Ferrand , add the Members of the borough be ivqwsted to support it . Mr . Rippon seconded it , and it was carried unanimously . Mr . West then delivered an address on the remcuy for national poverty . :

      NEWCASTLE . —Mr . Retjsley , of Accrington , lectured in the Cnartists Hill , Gnat Inn ; Cioth Market , on Sunday evening . Mt . ¥ M < i bewg etec \ ed to tbe cbair oponpd tbe procid'njrs by introdueiug Mr . Beesley , who rose ami * N . » wl ft \» m many able arguments , and minute statists , tbe capabilities of the Innd to furnish employment nrvl mu ^ ie remuneration for the famishing millions of Bnu > n . Mr . B went 00 to show that a mere agitation f » ' the Charter without secondary means , would never g » t if passed into law , whereas , in his opinion , if BubscnptU > ns were set agoing to procure the location of thu peoplo on tbe soil , it would show the practicality of the objects which the Chartists wanted to be at , and would i > n a means of procuring many proselytes 10 the cau « e of ? Chartisui , that

      otherwise never would haw acthcred to it , and at the same time thin the poi u ) ation iu tbe manufacturing districts , and thereby gwe juore permanent employment to such as were itf' . . Mr . B then showed how many might be cotnfortu , y placed on tbu land , if one million of individuals v >• f o become subscribers of 3 d , per week for the laud . ar > : ti 1 * j c * . of purchasing the soil for that purpose , and after bating the amount that might be requisite to bi ; . ) 'J a iv : t > ii ; e , stock a five acre farm , and furnish prp \ :.- ' . jim t jt the occupants for the first year , concluded by urt'n >« ui . oa his auditory the propriety of directing tbu > r : ur . itiou to'lhat subject , as tko beat means of obtainins ; Uie Charter .. i The Chairman said if any person had a-. ) 1 rMii'Ukd to ma fee upon tbe subject of Mr . B ' s lecture , he * ould pledge himself

      that that person wouW get a c urtt-ous beating , whether for ox against the subject . -. v > -. reupan M . r . Cumbeibeecb put some questions to tf l ^ curtr , resptctinK the location of the people v . the s . nl Air . B . having answered the questions , . Mr Shallow thun roue to show the impracticability of the {>¦ <> pl « to their present oppressed condition to procure one mean ' s of purchasing toe land and contended tbat we should endeavour to get the Chatter at any cert , first , and ths means of locating the people on the ! soil wonld soon follow , and fall protection in th « enjoyment of it Mr . Beesley having replied to Mi Swailow , Mt . Sinclair next rose and said , that the only objections that he had to directing the minds of the people to the possession of the soil was , tbat he was afraid that it would impede tha acquirement of the Charter . The speaker appeared to attach little importance to an

      agitation for the Charter , but infinite importance to an agilation for the purpose of locating ' the people on the laod . He , as one , could n » t consider it consistent in him , who has often repudiated the idea » f the Socialists forming a home coloniaition in the ' present unprotected state of society ( without first confessing thai the Socialists ' were right and the Chartists wrong ) to advocate any such agitation , or any . other { except for the whole bog , bristles and alL He believed tbat as people were advanced to comfortable circumstances in life they would perhaps forget the declarations they had made when pinched by hunger , " that they would have the Charter or die in the attempt , " j and instanced many who made th se solemn promises prior to the passing of the Reform Bill , but who , upon being enfranchised themselves , joined in the general cry that the people were not yet . prepared to wield the franchise , and consequently they had no right to it . Repeal tha

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      0 & ^ faj Y-tpn ^ &tfm * / U ^^/ i ^ - jfr- « £ c $ ^ r £ rt ~ , JZlcUJj Reform Bill , sad we won ' il soon get the Charter . Make mor « men comfortable and you wiii have an * qual number of deserters from our ranks . Mr . Beesley having replied to Mr . S ., Mr . Johnstone then rose and put several questions to Mr . Beesley , aad we understood him to contend tuat the Charter waa only a step ( although a very necessary onj ) to aa end . and if a false Btep were taken , it might prove inimical to the accomplishment of the grand object of our anticipations . Mr . B . having replied to Mr . Johnstone , it was decided , that as the night was fat spent , tbe discussion should be given up and resumed on . a future occasion . —Mr . Beesley will again lecture in the Chartist Hall , on Monday evening , to commence at six o ' clock .

      KBI . SO—Mr . Dickinson , from Manchester , lectured here last week , after which a few stanch friends of the Charter held a meeting ia a school room , and after it law remarks from tbe chairman and some observations by those present , the meeting adjourned until Saturday next , at eight o ' clock p . m ., when they will meet to earol new members ^ LASSWADE . —Public Meeting to Petition for the Charter—A public meeting of tbe inhabitants of Lasswade , Bonnyrigg , Loanhead , and vicinity , was held in the spacious School-room , Bonnyrigg , on Wednesday evening , April 19 th , to take into consideration the propriety of petitioning the Queen , and both Houses of Parliament , in favour of the People's Charter ; on the motion of Mr . ' W . Hay , Mr . William Daniells

      was called to the chair . The Chairman opened the business of ths-meetvng by reading the placard by which the meeting was called together ; after a few appro * priate reraaikB on the object of the . meeting , be con * eluded by reading the petition to be submitted to the meeting Mr . Wm . Stewart moved , and Mr . Jaetion seconded the following resolution : —" That the petition now read be adopted by this meeting , and end sent to the Queen , and one to each of the Houses of Parliament ; the one to the Queen to be sent to Sir James Graham , the Home Secretary , that to the Lords to Lord Brougham , and that to the Commons to Th » a . Sliugsby Duncombe , Esq ., M . P . for Finsbury , each to bs signed by the Chairman on behalf of the meeting . " Mr . John Stewart proposed as an amendment , " That no petition be sent to the Queen . " The Chairman then

      put the amendment and resolution to the meeting , when the amendment waa lost , and the resolution consequently carried . After a short discussion it was i ^ reed to send the petition to the peers to the Earl of Radnor , if Lord . Bcougbaia be absent from tfa » House . Moved by Mr . James Jackson , seconded by Mr . Wm . Aitkrn , — " That the cordial thanks of this meeting be giv . n to Thomas Slingsby Duucombe , Baq ., M . P ., for his unwearied and talented exertions in the cause of th « oppressed people of this country ; and that a copy of this resolution be sent by the Cbairman to the above-named gentleman . " Carried by acclamation . Mr . Robert Lowrey then delivered a lecture on the rights and wrongs of the working classes . A vote of thanks waa given tothe lecturer and the Chairman , when the n >"' . ting btoke up .

      Public Lectubb in the Omsn Air . —An excellent lecture was delivered at Lasswade Bridge on Friday , 31 st instant , by Mr . Thos . Dickinson . Mr . Wm . Daniells was called to the chair , who in a short address introduced the lecturer to the meeting . Toe subject of the lecture was . " The present evilu of sfoci- ty , and their remedy . " The lecturer spoke about two hoars , during which time he unmercifully lashed tbe Corn Law League , and showed from facts and figures , the evil tendency of the free traders , and proved to a demonstration , that nothing short of the People ' s CL it-ter , would permanently remove the present distress , and give real justice to the people . The lecturer mad- a good impression . Votes of tha&t . s being given to tha lecturer and Cbairman , the meeting quietly separv . t--1 , Mr . Acland the Corn Law lecturer , has given notice of a visit to Dalkeith during the next week . Mr . Dickinson intends to meet him , as an old friend .

      Leicestershire . —Mr . Bairstow preached on tb « Reoreation-groand , Leicester , last Sunday afternoon , and Mr . Copper in the Market-place , at night . On Monday evening Mr . Cooper addressed the Shakspearians in the open air , at the bottom of Humberstone Gate ; aad Mr . Bairstow lectured at T&urmaston . The land question is attracting much attention in this district . BLACKBUHN . —At a public meeting held ia the Music Hall , in this town , on Wednesday , the 19 th , the following resolution , and address to Mr . Duncombe , were voted unanimously : — That arf tar haviug heard read , the charges made by Thomas S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., against certain magistrates for their brutal and illegal conduct , towards

      the inhabitants of this Borough , daring the iato strike , and having at the same time beard the magistrates' defence , ia a leading article of th » Blackburn Standard of the 6 th of April , we ar * of opinion , having had ocular proof , tbat Mr . Duncombe ' s charges were positive facts , that they wero cronies only . as tar as they did not set forth one tithe of the disgraceful conduct of the said magistrates , and that the article in the Standard is a gross misrepresentation offsets , and a malignent attack upon Mr . Dunewnbe , for exposing conduct bo outrageous , that we conceive it onr duty to thus publicly stamp it with opprobrium and contempt . Most Noble and Patriotio Sirj—That nofc having the honour of a personal acquaintance we have nevertheless , lor a

      length of time , paid much attention to yowr conduct , as a member of the falsely so-called House of Commons , and have narrowly scanned your conduct as a public man , we conceive it to be incumbent ; upon us , as men determined to be free , 10 come forward at this eventful crisis , and tender j -a our gratuitous ,. heartfelt , and unfeigned thanks , for your disinterested exertions in behalf of the toilworn slaves of our much injured and so ; oiy oppressed country . When a nation growing under the weight of its grievances , are anxious for aa exposition of its wrongs , you Sir , were the aj « a uairersally looked upon as the fitting instrumeui . k . r tho expression of a people ' s will . When J ud ^ e Abinger thought proper to deviate from the straight line of judicial duty , you , Sir , came forward in your place as a member of the British Senate , and respectfully and indignantly called the noble and learned delinouent to account for his abominable

      treatment df poor undefended Englishmen . And , last of all , in a speech which , of itself , will reflect immortal honour upon its author , yoa came boldly forth as the champion of the oppressed , and arraigned at tho bar of the country the magistrates of Blackburn and the manufacturing districts generally , for having violated the laws they were appointed to administer with benignity aad equality , for tampering with and setting at nought the miserable remnant of liberty which class-elected despots have left the people . Goon , then , beloved Sir , in the great and glorious oause of freedom , and that you may live to Bee your efforts crowusd with success , when peace , plenty , and coatentmcut reign in the land we love , is the sincere prayer of the inhabitants of Blackburn . Signed by ord . r of , and on behalf of the meeting , George Meikle , chairman .

      BaADP » RD . ^ -qn Sunday the Chartists of Uule Hortou met in their room Park Place , when Mr . O'Connor ' s plan of organization was discussed . It was adjourned to Sunday next , at ten o ' clook in the forenoon . On Sundat the members of the Council met in th « ir room , JtJutterworth ' s Buildings . The amu ^ amani committee paid in Is . 2 d . The discussion on the plan of Mr . O'Connor for getting on the land , w » s at journed to Sunday next , at two o ' clock in the af'ernoon . M 11 . Robkrt Ross lectured in the large room , Butter worth ' s Buildings , on Sunday evening , on tha urgent call made on the people to unite for the purpose of obtaining the land , as the only means of obtaining the People ' s Charter .

      The Chartists meeting in Butterworth ' s Buildings , have unanimously resolved to recommend to the council the establishing of a shop for the sale of Chartist publication , and respectfully recommend the plan to their brother Chartists in Bradford . They will racet every Sunday morning , at tea o ' clock , iu the Council Room susffield . —Wiliiam Tell . —Mr . Edwin Gi !! ) ecsur , < d in the Fig-Tree-lane Room , on Sunday evening , his subject being the life and exploits of that manorial hero of liberty , William Tell , which he treated iu a masterly manner . Mr . G . intends to continue his biographical sketches of the patriots who figure in history ' s page , and thus make his hear « -r 8 fuiiy 0011 versant with the deeds of the heroes and martyr .-, who have struggled and died to eatabi ih the rights of man .

      The Allotment . Ststem . —Mr . Orange , agent for the ' Artidaa- * and Labourers' Friend Society , " lectured in ihe Town-ha \ l , on Monday evening , to a crowded audience , on ^ he advantages of allotments of land to the labouring classes ; being elsewhere engaged in the Chartist cause we bad not an opportunity of hearing , the lecture , but we are informed it gave great satisfaction . Our Sheffield friends will see that the subject is to be discussed attheihg-Tree-lane Room , on Monday evening next . We hope that both the friends and opponents of the proposed scheme , will attend , so that the question may be fully discussed , and truth thereby elioited .

      Representation op Sheffield . — -That our senior member , Parker , is to resign is now fixed and certain , and that his "junior par tner , ' * the oracle of the Weekly Chronicle , is to follow his example , is nearly equally certarn . Parker and Ward are to go out , but who are to come in ! The Whigs aud . SturgiteB are wonderfully agreed on this subject—Bright of Rochdale is The pet of the former , and Colonel Thompson the chosen of the latter . No account is taken of tha Chartists , who have bo often thrashed both parties ; the Chartists there must look to themselves . For good reasons we say no more now , bat beg of our democratic friends to keep their lamps trimmed , aud be prepared for the contest in which they must and will take a part .

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      Monetmanu . —Oa Thursday last , at Brenfcwood petty sessions , a lady , named Mrs . Margaret Maynard , was committed for trial , charged with stealing a piece of lace . At the tirao she was apprehended , she had in her possession £ 80 u 0 in Bank of England notes and India Bonds-

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      . AND LEEDS GE 1 E 1 AL ADYEBTISEIt ,

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      VOL- VI . NO . 285 . SATURDAY , APRIL 29 , 1843 . *" " ^ TSSS jyS ^ S ?* "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct931/page/1/