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" Mr. Stevenson's valuable work on • Throat Deaf-: ness,' the various forms of whioh he was the
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EXTENSIVE AND FATAL CONFLAGRATIONS.—FIVE LIVES LOST.
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first to notice , name , and cure—will add greatly to the well-earned professional reputation the author has long sustained , as one of the most scientific and successful practitioners in the treatment of Ophthalmic and Aural Diseases . "
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of Medical Instruction ; for , unfortunately , there are hundreds who annually fall victims to the ignorant use of Mercury and other dangerous remedies , administered by ] illiterate men , who ruin the constitution by suffering disease to get into the system , which being carried , by the circulation of the bleod into all parts of ( the body , the whole frame becomes tainted with venereal . poiao ' n , aud moat anhappy con > sequences ensue , at one time affecting the skin , particularly the head and face , with eruptions and ulcers , closely resembling , and often treated as scurvy , at another period producing the most violent pains in the limbs and bones , whieh are frequently mistaken for rheumatism ; thus the whole frame becomes debilitated and decayed , and a lingering death puts a period to their dreadful sufferings ,
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Messrs . Perry and Co have removed their Estab ~ lishment Jrom Birmingham to No . 19 , Berners street , Oxford-street , London . THE THIRTEENTH EDITION . Just Published ; Price 2 s . 6 d ., in a sealed envelope , and sent Free to any part of the United Kia udom on the receiptjof a Post OfRae Order for 3 j . 6 d .
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THE BEST MEDICINE IN THE WORLD \\\ * ' READ ! AND JUDGB FOB YOURSELVES ! ! THE following statement of facts has been communicated to the Proprietors of PARR' 3
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY IEi XECESSITT , ADVANTAGES . FAULTS , AXD IKxrnciSHcrES op trade societies . TO TTTR CHABT 1 ST PUBLIC . SXBTJGG 1 I 5 G IBSOTSEBS TOB THE BIGHTS OF XaboT- 'B , —When the- ma&ter mechanic * n $ 3 mere tmpV yer of labourers , arose among onr class , the divided ini-rreEt of the two classes "became so apparent as to SOEcest the necessity of establishing a society of each titSe , to cttck encroachments on onr daily bread- ; and to take advantage o ? » rife in prices of marufactmes and provisions , to obtsin for tbe producer a fair share ef ibe increase j sad , as these Trade Establishments became larger , the ir > creasLcg encroachments rendered the preventative societies more necessary , and their ^ Qt > es the more arduous .
Among the struggles against the ¦ wealthier and Tstalti-seeking eiaes , those of ira- ' e societies have Jx-tn the most important . Often have thty attempted to it crease tbe -wages of Jabonx ; oftener bare they -Etrcggled with tha overoBachiiis employer , -whose avarice Jed him to seek riches by " -withholding the lure of Ibe Mbotrerj" in other -wtwds , cut down "wages . Often , hate they , in their ^ ndeavonra to obtain and maintain a "fair day * « -wages for a Mr day ' s -work , " J >« a 2 obliged to strike "work , "with a -view to induce the oppressor to forego bis wicked purpose ; and hnt too ctten have they , tor the -want -of some substantial property to -fall hadk upon , been obliged to return to tfceir laborious occupations "worse daves tha-n tkey came out *
These were , towever , only the more prominent aSempts of Trades Unions . They have many and equally praiseworthy functions . Their txurtence have t-fcen one costumed straggle against the numerous attempts of the employer to reduce prices In oil trades isve they often saved their lespecSve members Or particular shop * , from sn&eriiig reductions , by taking out the individual on 'whom reduction tvbs attempted , . _ ap 3 sLovmg him 'Weekly payments r-ccording to the she cf hia family ffl ] he could get employment else-Trhtre . ; Ihls ' indeed is one of their « hie £ benefits ; ¦ *>»?» Chief object -for Trhich tbey are associated . "When a member la obliged to leave a town through want of diplcyBieBtj'hBisfnmishfcd "with a travelling « ard , on Trhich hs is relieved in ail towns « hexe ihere is such a
scoety , except London . They also award a certain sum at the death af s member cr -srife to decently inter them ; aid iii some bodies they incurs their members * tools against loss by fire , "srttsihXhej csd coats much cheaper lEte than the members could do it individually . All these advantages sccraed to members and trades nr-Serihe xM jlaaof l « al bedits ; 4 ms as the local Ittdlesirere frequently unable to maintain strikes withontappealing to other Jccel bodies for pecuniary aid , the idea" suggested itself © f consotidaiinff all the local bodies of a trade int « ore national body . Several trades attended this , in "rantms -wajs ; but thB nearest approach to a perfect system of mnisDal trade society , ItbiBkjiBtheMancheiitfcrUiijoiioI Operative Cabint : Makers ; th « plan of which was drawn cp by a meeting of delegates from "various to"wns , and amended fcy a
second delegate meeting . These have made great improTtmeEts on ordinary trade sedtties , to -wit , the esiaidiiblBgjof a . universal oji-lem cf itUti for their tramps < if one penny per in tin , ami the equalizing all the expe ^ cts accordicg to the number ol members . But this iody , through faults thatiave been removed and faults that still exist , has been much redcetsd . Asd it 3 a to bs lamested thai when than iklssset forih the simple way 3 n -which afl fanlta uay be lectfied , many lofigts sbcsld liave-withdrawn without taiicg adTantage of the rules and their " own right to setk ameDflment . Eoweier , sevsral lodges still xemsin in Union ; and others are gradually wiiij ; in , being , by dear txpe-3 usce ,. hronght to Bee tha ^ " the Union , " with aii its tsaits , corfgTB greater beccfits than any local body ean do . -
Some of the most prominent faults of these bodies are the-fines for non-atttndance on certain ledge nights and committees j fines 'tat refusing' to serve on connniUees , and otbar offices j foafui neglecting to clear the toots oil certain nights ; rises for being in arrears ; fines to go to Hie Stscretary for summoning to pay arrearsi thereby incrcsaing a psor nian'a arrears , instead-of deTiiiiag aosis "niear-s to prc-rent arrears , or S 02 Q 8 cheap and ess ? method t * get them is ; and lasUy , when , you leare-asem and "wish to xetum , fines for Te-entfcrirg . The primary iaolt of these bodies has keen , that they bare sot been sufficiently brotherly ; although in mseSng , "brother" has been continually on their lips . Although ^ hey had great and good objects in-view , ttwir plans were act snfficieutiy exteoalTfi to l&t ± ihtnr OivZTf . * .
The traaes , then , ha"re establiahsd local bodies , and jTOTedthemintffiiaeiit ; seeing that they conli not get a arfficient number of their brother operatiYes into them to make a successful stand against encroachment . Tbty hSTB tried national bodiss ; and though they hEveimproTedon the c-ld plans , they are still inefficient j aeelng they are not EufiicisiiUy adapted to the wants , "Wiiiies , and feelings of the snmereus ai > d Tarious operators is their raspecti ? e trades . Tbey all need great aTnFhfJutKmw , find to socb imendatioiia let us turn our attentica , and proceed to shew , by argument front sousd premises , "what alterations and additions are uecfcesary .
That these societies haTedone a great amountof good , in that they haie prevented so rapid a reduction of tbe prise-of labour , as tbe employ bib bousM to tffect ; &sd is . iissX they ba-re relieved a grtat many » f their fellows from the heaTy scoarge of tyranny and poTerty , is a pleasing fact ; and gots to shew the much greater amount of good that couM be dose by an extensi-re assocratioii and a larger sphere of action . Most aticbers of trade sodfities aigne i *' il -every-man iuew his own interest j if all of the tzaae would unite with us , -we should be able to-maintain the price of laconx . This obFsmtion is true , yet these who thus argue seemnoi to tare the tnclinBtiOTT or ability to investigate , and ascertain whetaar the Teal fault is sot more in the conatiln
taoii of their own society than in the izfdiTidnsls who ketp out of it Par instance : there is the * " entrance fee . " I know it for certain ihat the inability to save eren a £ re abfllinis " en 2 ailce fee" have been'the only thing that has kept some men out of a society tbey desired ~ to join . Other man may say that -sueh men "Would be bo good in any society . I hare hid good opportunity cf knowing to tbe contrary . 3 hare knows pcor members who could tot sare a shilling fr « n Hieir families ; yet the best members of societies to which they and I h& ? e belonged . Ib&y have worked hud for it s stinted tb . emsclT £ 3 of penes , and subscribed free ) y and willingly ; but shillings tbey could not tfre .
It is ahnort surprising that with such noble , generous prtcepta as we hare before us continually , and with Rch apparent desire to form Associations for the benefit ot -the "wooing classes ; Tftth such professions of ** Brothfrhood" on ou » lipa , and invitation to union ; livir ^ amongst eur order , and -witnessing their privations , and feeling occsiicnalij the pinch of poverty onr-KfclTBs ,-we should bo far forget all these thfogsas to enact zsch restrlctiosB as the fpy » n « of Association . Come , Brother Operatives , let a new light dawn upon as . Let these old things pass sway . " iet us begin the -work anew . Away with all restrictions , except these that are necessary to the maintenance of order . Depend on * t if an - " entrance fe&" ot . " ina " keeps a good "brother from your Association , you lose the amount of bis weekly snhscripQor . s ; and if the removal -of the " entrance fee" will admit more members , you will gain the amount of their -weekly or monthly subscriptions , and the services and brotherly boeds ef the men . Depend on-it , too , tbat bs woo needs a " fise "
to be held as a rod ovar him to keep him to' bit duty , "wHl nerer make a good servant ; neither wfli he- vho is forced into office to avoid a fine . Every man is not nvfci office ^ and it 5 s the height of folly to force men into offiees for woich they are unfit . No wonder your tesiofcM iBsometimBS ill done or neglected , when ya set " ptmed" men to do it In future let it be our rule to J * ck * our officers , not pres *' them . Brother Chartists and operatives , in conclusion , I * ff ^ a draw your atte ntion to the following fac ts : — WfiT * l » T So « Efi «> , with all their fa . uk * , have S nSl ^ S * " ? M ** " * **» wolkin K cIa 5 B 5 if ' aafnS ^^ iPWa , they have done so great an 5 ~? ^ ° t&X 3 »»« t eaded by larger awpcia
SL . . - ££ 3 ? T S ? ^ T 04 to ^ eir toades and memr ^^ ss ¦ HH
S 3 S = » S and independS S& ^ JSFS ? *? " ** ^ as ?* S 5 aHS ss » " ^ syarwsSS ensure -to ns a large share cf tbe hoaiwS ?^ - ?? * e felt inclined tc , * a it , of the io ^^ Si ^ And hare "we not a agbt to aU thsse ain 8 s f ^ S * e not « eek by zoebi « union aPart of the dmnt ^ i Jbts ennmeratad ? Is it not worth oar wMiB t 0 attemist Sueh a union . ?
What ^ re "want now a plan enirscins ; all thtse points . We could not bring the wcoIb iato operation imiaediateily , fcnt -ipe tssj by -little sad by little , " as tiie society increases and the fnsds admit . We should , lowevtr , have the wbL-le road maried out dear , that "we xnzy cammence tbe jeurBey knowing ttts eod thereof . In eesjous ivzgiaz , 1 rtmaii yom ueToted QS . A . CCSVS .
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TO THE KDITOH OP THE NOSTHKEJ * STAB . Sir—The once-believed fate of Z .-phaniah Williaras cannot fail to have drawn a sigh from every breast , especially where the principles with which be and his compstdots had identified themselves are known ,. What direful suffering must that be which C 3 n produce such a reckless disregard of life as was said to have been evinced is his unhappy case ! Why , in the name of heaves , should it be inflicted or endured ? Ovei and over again , these teles of misery reach our * an—time after time the sigh ot
suffering is borne across the extended ocean ; no one dartB to deny the amount of wretchedness therein conveyed ; and yet nothing is done to rescue human beinga —onr fellow creatures—our countrymen—from its horrors 1 Why was tender compassion and fellow feeling implanted in our nature , if not on occasions like these to manifest themselves ? No pestilential scourge produces this suffering , nor lack of returning seasons with their fruits . Tbe cause of the evil man may remove ; for he himself gave birth thereto , and what he creates he can destroy . *
Hear what an eye "witness says of the sufferings endured at Port Arthur and Marquarrie Harbour" The Inquisitions in Spain were nothing in atrocity and diabolical sacrifice oi human life ; to these earthly hells . The prayers and groans of the' dying creatures are drewned in the bustle of renewed tortures , and the rattling of chains attached to their unfortunate companions . Some wreak their vengeance on the instrumerits of bell , ao as to be eseatied in Hobart town , coping then to have an opportunity of disclosing the sickening enmities practised towards them . This is , however , denied than ; the clergyman frequently putting his hand to the mouth of the dying man to prevent the assembled multitude from hearing his last words ; and making the signal to the executioner many seconds before the appointed time , lest one word ahould escape from the lips of the murdered victim . "
A writer in the Colonial ilapixine , after detailing the sufferings of ei ght mn-away convicts , who , having betaken themselves to the buafl , had ; been forced to eat each other , is order to sustain lite , till only one remained , Hrchimn , " Can msrtal sufferings—mortal debasement—be presented in more abject , more heartrending colours ? A ruc-a-way convict—a ftlon murderer^—forced to support life by cannibalism—hopeless to preserve it by flight—n » y , even unable to off * r it in atonement of as uncontemplated offence . Such was the awful position of Pearse ! the man who alone out of the eight remained i The writer goes on to state that Peurse was afterwards takes by some Bush-rangers , to trhom Ms melancholy adventures being unknown , ho was merely aei > Vback to Mar quarries Harbour : from
which , . notwithstanding all that he hsd endured , such was the horrors of his situation , he again nsd ; urged ther eto by a person of the name of Cox , and induced by the powerful apprehension of corporal punishment for tbe loss of a anirt which had been stolen from him ; the horrvrs of the hash being less than Mb diead of remaining where be was . The same dreadful hunger was again endured , to which Cox fell a victim , and Peazse was shortly afterwards arrested , sent to Hobart Town , and executed . Murder , we are informed , in the above-named publication , is of frequent occurrence &t the penal Bettleaents ; and the perpetrators have almost invariably declared that " they committed the deed , in order that they might be rid of a hopeless life . "
Countrymen , is it not enough to banish a man for ever from bis home without following him to tbe distant land to which he is exiled , there to persecute and reader life thns unbearably wretched ? Wonld a wise and good parent thus treat his offspring , howsver wayward and abandoned they bad shown themselves ? Bat do our rulers ever act like just and wise parents , either at home or abroad ? Few , were they to do this , would ever Btuid in need of banishment for their crimes 2 and how different would be their conduct towards those who were so driven ! " We have , "
they would say , " exiled yon tor jour crimes ; with your banishment the law is satisfied ; this strange hind is now before you , make tbe most which nature will afford yon here ; cultivate it ; erect your own dwellings ; be honest and industrious , and we will protect you from rapine and plunder 1 But instead of such noble bearing towards unfortunate beings sent , see oar rulers dividing tbe Land eut of which every necessary * nfl comfort of life hath to be made amongst their own prefligato tribe ; and dooming all who are banished , or forced by poverty to emigrate , to a life of slavery and unrequited hearistrlckening toil .
Bestir yourselves , then , fellow workmen ; remember that it is your own elass which thus suffer—thus endure these griev&ncas , soul-bebasing vrrongsi—and swear by all that ' s sacred , that they shall be known and felt no * Sp * Yours , « fcc , Richard Marsdkn .
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London has not hi our recollection been visited by such dis&stro&s calamities in so abort a period as those which occurred at aa early hour on Saturday morning last , when two most destructive conflagrations burst forth almost simultaneously in Tooley-street , near London-bridge , and in Fetter-lane , Fleet-street . Tbe former being attended with an enormous sacrifice of property in the total destruction oi Topping ' s . Wharf , St . Olave ' s Church , Watson ' s telegraph station , several warehouses and vessels moored alongside tbe wharf , and . the latter resulting in a most deplorable loss of human life .
The fire near . London-bridge began In Tooley-street , adjacent to Fesning ' s Wharf , and was discovered at about Sve minutes before two o ' clock . From the statement of the first person whs gave the alarm , police-co&aiable > I 205 , it appears that he was on < luty in Tooley-itreet , in that part near ihe bridge , when he noticed a glimmering light proceeding from tbe tear of the warehouses aud stores belonging to Messrs . Ward and Co ., -oil and colour merchants , situate on the north side of the street , between npper and lower Topping ' s "Wharf . Tney extended to the "water ' s edge , a distance of several feet , and abutted on the shot factory and telegraph station . Topping ' s Wharf occupied an immense area of ground , and was considered to have been one of the principal ware and store booses along that side of the river Thames . The -policeman , upon seeing the
l ight , instantly sprang his rattle , and gave tbe Alarm to Boicefof bis comrades on duty in the adjacent neighbourhood . Tbey directly proceeded to arouse the occupiers of the wharfs and warehouses , but , finding they could make no one hear , they broke open the doors , and on entering the premises of Messrs . Ward , found one of the clerks and his wife in the act of dressing themselves in their bed-room . The fire by that time was making its appearance through the windows from the back warehouse , and the police , seeing the very great danger in -which tbey were placed , instantly dragged them oat of the building into the main street . Although but a few minutes had elapsed , the fire had gained a most awful ascendancy , and the messengers who had been despatched to the various brigade stations with the intelligence , had scarcely gone a hundred yards before tire aorison was illuminated by the flftTT >« L
The consternation that now took place was painful in the extreme ; the occupants of the several adjoining tenements were to be sesn rushing out of their dwellings in a state of the most pitiable alarm , whilst the crowd of persons , which had by this time become very great , Wtre running to and fro , it being expected that every moment a dreadful explosion of gunpowder would take place . Within ten minutes an engine from the brigade station in Southwark-bridge-road reached tbe spot , escorted by a strong body of the M division of police , under the command of Mr . Inspector Mason , who immediately forced the crowd back and blocked npalJ the avenues leading to tbe fire , thereby keeping a clear spice for the operations of the firemen . Other brigade engines from Watling-street , Lower
Tooleystreet , and Waterloo-road , in the mean time had come down with -wonderful celerity , and sot a moment -was lost in getting them in order for working . That belonging to the Southwark-bridge-road station obtianed a ready supply of water , but on the others arriving the anxiety lot them all to get into operation was so great that tbe draught of water from the mains alongside Fenuing ' s Wharf wss sot sufficient to supply tbe whole ; tbe consequence was , that theyweie scarcely of any avail until other plugs is the neighbourhood had been drawn , which caused considerable delay . At the time that the fixe broke ont there were several coasting vesBelB lying along-side , some loaded and ready to sail at daybreak ; and it was with some difficulty that the crews could be made
sensible of tbe imminent danger in which they and their vessels were placed . Many pf them , however , managed to haul their crait into the centre of tbe river , beyond the reach of the fire ; but four were aground , and , it being low water , consequently immovable These -were the Fleece , schooner , Mi . Croft , master , of Exeter , laden with a general cargo ; the schooner Cornwall , of Truro , Mr . Worth , master } tbe TheiBa , of Weymoutb ; and a brig trading-vessel . The crews mounted the rigging , and for a length of time prevented by great exertion the ships from taking £ re ; but ibe fluae * rapidly increasing soon forced them to quit their situation * , the heat being so oppressive that their lives were in jeopardy . An attempt was made by several of the brigade men to force a stream of water from the wharf of Messrs . Qoodchild , which adjoins Fenning ' a Wharf , on to the vessels , tbe hose of one of the land engines having been taken throngh the premises
for that purpose ; but after most strenuous exertion it was found ineffectual from the violence of the fiimes . Shortly afterwards the large floating engine , belonging to the brigade from the Southwark-bridge statien , arrived alongside the burning premises , and , being already manned by 120 hired auxiliaries , not a inom £ i ; twas lost in fringing her to anchor , and also ui . o operation . Active measures were then resorted to cy those in charge of this stupendous machine to save £ JS £ ?' - 55 = WftSS 2 L"t S 1 ^ BH ~ - ' "— .= ? 5 £ ? £ s ks % ss . * ix 3 rzrg £ &
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Messrs . Scovell , were likewise in lames , and from their confined situation it was apparent that there was no cfeance of saving them from destruction . These premises almost surrounded Messrs . Ward ' s warehouses , and communicated fey a narrow passage . The cpnfizgration now became terrific ; every now and then loud explosions were heard to proceed from the cellars under Ward ' s wazehouse , which subsequently proved to have been occasioned by the barrels of oil and turpentine bursting . Mr . Braid-wood , finding that the fire waB likely to cross Xooley-atreet from Topping ' s Wharf to the extensive warehouses of Messrs . Cox , Brothers , aud Co ., Messrs . Ruck and Co ., and Mr . Sloyd , wholesale merchants , on the opposite aide , directed the branch of ibe floating engine to be brought
into the road , aud its power directed against the abovenamed buildings , the land engines being still unproi vided with a good supply of water , an evil which is only felt at this particular part of the metropolis , and to which : alone is attributed the destruction caused by the fire which occurred at Fencing ' s Wharf in 1838 . At about half-past two o ' clock the Lord Mayor arrived on the spot , a special messenger having been sent to him at the Mansion-house , apprising him of the danger his Lordship ' s warehouses were in . He immediately held a consultation with Mr . Braid wood upon the propriety , of having the hoBe of several engines conveyed on to the ; roof of Fenning ' s Wharf , to prevent the fire extending in tfe&t direction . The wind was in a contrary quarter , aud a strong party-wall divided the
premises , the latter gentleman , however , considered it unnecessary , as the wharf was well protected , but he ordered several of hiB men on to the roof to ciear away the burning fr agments as they fell on it It was here found that Watson ' s Telegraph Tower , which stood between Mr . Ward ' s premises and Lower Topping ' s Wharf , had taken fire , and that the devouring element was making rapid progress iu the direction of St . OiaveV Church . At the same moment the other floating engine of the Brigade establishment from Rotherhithe came up , and was got into play as near these buildings as practicable . Towards three o ' cloek the land engines succeeded in getting an ample supply of water , all the plugs in the neighbourhood having been opened , aud the turn-cock
belonging to the . water-works having turned on the principal main at tbe Brixton reservoir , aud shut off all the different service-pipes which were attached to it , excepting those which led to the scene of destruction . 2 $ y this time the concourse of persons who had been attracted by the extraordinary light in the atmosphere was immense , and the duty tbe police had to perform in keeping the pressure back was arduous in the extreme . From all the bridges , which were for bouts lined with spectators , the whole action of the fire could be distinctly traced . The numerous towers and steeplea in the metropolis and the houses and wharfi which lined the river side were perceived with even more distinctness than when standing ent in the noonday sun ; St . Paul's Cathedral and the Monument had a moat beautiful appearance , their summits appearing as if sheathed with the brightest copper . The flames at intervals rose to an immense height , and there was not a portion of the metropolis -which was sot
brightly illuminated , while tbe whole scene along the Thames , as far as the eye could Teach , assumed , from the intensity of the illumination , an appearance brilliant beyond description . In tbe lower Topping ' s Wharf there was an immense quantity of paper , the names from which , as the floors fell iD , rose to a very great height , and tbe wind being rather strong , wafted portions of the burning matter for a considerable distance round . In fact , some portion set on fire the house of Mr . Jones , tea-dealer , in the Borough , full 600 yards from Tooley-street , and considerable loss of property took place ere the firemen could stop the progress of this new calamity . Although upper Topping ' s Wharf was separated from Mr . Child ' s glass warehouse and dwelling-house by a party wall , yet the fl imes overtopped it , and descended to the other side into the glass warehouse , and set it on fire , notwithstanding the fl-emen -were on thb roof with their branch pipeu ; nor were they able to check the flames until the property bad sustained serious damage .
The telegraph tower was an object of great attention during the progress of the fire , owing to its peculiar construction and great elevation above all tbe snrreunding premises , being nearly 150 feet in height . It was formerly ustd as a shot factory , bat recently it has been purchased by Messrs . Wateon , of Cornhill , who bad used it as a telegraph station for the communication of intelligence from the Dawns and other parts of the coast . Fur nearly half an hour , though it was situate in the very centre of danger , singular to state , it withstood the ravages of the fire . At last , however , about half-past two o ' clock , dense volumes of « moke were seen issuing from all tbe windows from the basement to the Enmmit In an instant almost the whole of the building burst Into a vivid mass pf flame , which shot
above the burning wharf and premises to a considerable height the appearance of the conflagration at this , moment became of surpassing brilliancy , and we very much doubt whether a more sublime but awful Bight was ever witnessed by the oldest inhabitant of the metropolis . The ruoraing being perfectly clear , the reflection was ieen to a considerable distance , every one of the public buildings on . the banks of t ^ e Thames being litrbted np , and , viewing the conflagration from Blackfriars or Waterloo-bridge , it seemed as if the whole range of wharfs along shore at Horselydown and Rotherhithe was in fl . mas . The tower befog composed of wood , it continued burning furiously for an extraordinary length of time . The floating engine ofjtbe brigade , the operations of which excited considerable praise , attempted to play npon it , but the intense moss
of flre on the wharf rendered it impossible to subdue the flames , while it was equally impracticable for tbe land engines to force water up to its summit . About half-pist three o ' clock tbe whole of the tower fell with a tremendous crash to the ground , sending forth a moat terrific cloud of dost and burning firagtnents . This event was for some time wished for , aa the principal danger to the surrounding wharfs was removed , and more particularly as the firemen , from tbe great height of the tower , had not the least command ot it . Daring the period that it was in flimes a report was current that Beveral persons were observed in the tower , and that they had been seen to disappear amongst tbe ruins . We have made inquiries as to the truth of this statement , bnt we cannot find any foundation for it . No one slept in the bnilding .
Immediately on St Olave's Church being observed to be in danger , seven enginea were brought to play on to that part of lower Topping ' s wharf which adjoined the tower of the church , while the branches of others were taken through tbe church to tbe burial-ground by the water ' s Bide . From Tooley-Btreet there appeared to be a substantial party -wall between the sacred edifice and th 6 wharf , which was nfterwards found to be but a mere screen of lath and plaster , with a layer of bricks outside , Upon this giving way , -which happened about four o ' clock , the whole of the church tower was exposed to' the full violence of tbe conflagration . The firemen , who were cheered on by tbe Lord Mayor aud several of the most influential inhabitants of the borough , exerted themselves most strenuously to prevent its
receiving any damage . Tbe fire , however , still raged on with terrific fury , and in the course of five minutes it had gained '¦ the tower , and forced the brigademen from their stations on the roof . This , as may be readily supposed , increased the consternation in the neighbourhood to a most painful extent , and lond cries wero heard from different parts of the multitude , "For God ' s sake , save the Church , sare the Church . ' ' Alas ! it -was beyond human power to do so , for within a quarter of an bonr tbe roof and the ceiling , which waa considered , with the exception of that of fit . Stephen ' s , Wall brook , to be one of tbe most beautiful works of art to be found in the metropolis , was in ru > ns . The root was similarly constructed to St Stephen's , being arched , elaborately adorned with costly mouldings , and supported by twelve fluted columns with Corinthian capitals . The firemen still exerted themselves vigoionsly ; tbey continued in tbe aisle ,
scattering water in all directions , more particularlj up to the roof as the flames kept bursting forth . The churchwardens , Mr . Lacgley and Mr . Carver , as well as the parish officers , seeing that the destruction of the sacred building was inevitable , comineuced saving the deeds , registers , ic , as well as tbe communion plate from out of the vestry-room , -which , we are happy to state , they accomplished without the least injury being done to them . The steeple before them waa enveloped in flames , aud in the subsequent quarter of an hour the beautiful peal ot bells fell from the belfrey , the greater part of them having been melted by the intense body of fire which surrounded them whilst they were banging . Within the hour the destruction of St . Olave ' s Church was complete , nothing remained but tha outer walls and steeple , the interior being completely gutted , The loss occasioned by the destruction of the church is stated tobe at least £ 12 000 .
In tbe meanwhile the whole of the walls of Topping ' s wharf and Mr . Ward s premises fronting Tooleystreet full down , and completely blocked up the carriage way . The warehouses ob the opposite side of the street were exposed to increased danger , and it was only by the resb of the engines playing on them that they were saved . The confhjjrarion was sot finally arrested nntil near seven o ' clock ; the engines still remained throwing torrenta of water on tbe ruins throughout tbe whole of Saturday and yesterday , and even np to a late hour last evening flames were seen to rise from the immense mass of rub ' oi 8 h . The total loss is reported to exceed £ 70 , 000 , of which only a portion is insured .
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After the lapse of a few moments they discovered Mr . Newberry getting oat of the second-floor window . He bitterly jried oat to the constables below to render him some assistance , in order to save his life ; scarcely , however , had they considered the most available means to do so , before he suddenly precipitated himself into the street , and foil with much force on his back in the road . The police instantly picked the unfortunate man up , when it was found that he had received such severe injuries that be was evidently dying . A litter was procured , and he was conveyed on it to Si Bartholomew ' s Hospital ; but on bis arrival he had ceased to exist . Within a few minutes after several females made their appearance at the upper part of the house . By this time a large number of persons had assembled , and
who Btate that the piercing cries of the females for help were frightful in the extreme ; bnt explosions constantly taking place , from the fire-works shooting from the burning building in all directions , and other combustibles blazing forth , kept the police from rendering any assistance . A few momenta afterwards the poor creatures had disappeared , and were not afterwards seen , the whole of them perishing in : the flimes . A short time before the engines could be got to : the spot a large quantity of gunpowder exploded , and blew the back part of the premises on to the houses in Bartletfs passage , occasioning the greatest destruction of property , and throwing the inhabitants into a state of the wildest confusion . Immediately on the intelligence of this sad calamity being communicated to Mr . Braidwood , superintendent
of the London Fire Brigade , who was directing his force at [ the large fire at London-bridge , he instantly dispatehed as many engines as he could spare te this fresh scene of misery and woe . ; On their arrival the firemen saw that , to save any portion of Mr . Newberry' premises would be a matter of almost complete impossibility , as they were nearly enveloped in oae body of flre . The flames were progressing rapidly , and the whole of the brigademen brought their sole exertions to bear npon the surrounding dwellings , to save them from destruction . Tbe populace worked the engines most laboriously , and at seven o ' clock , the firemen pronounced the pleasing intelligence to tbe inhabitants , that the devouring element had been conquered , and that all thoughts ff danger might , be appeased . Still , however , a great mass of fire remained in Mr . Newberry ' s premises , which are totally destroyed .
It is with the deepest regret that we announce the following list of the persons who have fallen victims to this terrible calamity : —Mr . Newberry , Mr . Rose , Mrs . Rose , Miss M ' Crindell , Miss Elizt M'Crindell . This party were to have embarked for Ramsgate in the morning , and had made preparations accordingly . Mr . Rose was for many yeara a clerk in the Law Institution , Chancery-lane ; he had from a previous perilous accident suffered amputation . He was well known and universally respected . , MIbb Eliza M'CrindeU left her lodgings at Mr . Lewis's , bookbinder , in Gough-Equare , and slept In Fetter-lane , in order to be in time to see her sister off to Ramsgate , and thus fell a victim to the common calamity . The jury , on the inquest on the bodies of the unfortunate individuals who perished by the dreadful fire in Fetter-lane , returned a verdict of " Accidental death , " but joined With it a strong censure on the parties having the cuBtody of the flre escapes .
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rTz ^ e two following communications appeared in a portion of eur impression last week ; and had then to be itipoved to make way for articles of news . We give them here again , that ail the readers may see them , though EC-ma cf them will have the same mailer twice * ex . This , however , we axe sure tiiey will excuse uixder tie circumstances" )
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ANOTHER DREADFUL FIRE . EXPLOSION OF A CHEMIST ' S WOBKS IN FETTER-LANEFIVE LIVES LOST . At abont four o ' clock on Saturday morning , -whilst the great fire was raging at Topping ' s W&M - another fire , attended , we regret to say , with a melancholy loss of human life , took phce on the premises of Mr . Newburry . Fetter-lane , operative chemist and flre * ork manufacturer . They were situated on the east si < if of the steeet , at the ct . ri . er of Bartlett ' o-passagt ; . and consisted of a substantial brick building three stories h gh , and front shop . The first alarm given to the police in the neighbourhcod was by the rtport of a very loud explosion , and ut-i .-n- city police constable Waters , 150 , sceojupanitia - >¦ gtveral of his brother ifli --. rs ov- t : ucy . ruomn « np tb " . lu . e thty f . uud : he eI Of * if-tt- ' -i-. d « 11 iu Contents tfinj . ''' trlj tl > .. * i . u hitu ti o sin » t . aid flames barfctinf firth with extreme fury .
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Fire in Higu-street , Borough . —Whilst the flre was raging with the utmost fury in Tooley-street , Borough , and the blazing embers were literally falling in showers upon the High-street , a considerable piece of ignited timber was seen to fall into the chimney of the house of Mr . Robert Jones , grocer and tea-dealer , 208 , High-street An alarm was instantly raised by a passer by , but the family could not be roused before the shop was discovered to be on fire . An engine was sent for from the Southwark-hHdge-road station , which very quickly arrived . The doors having been broken open ,
it was discovered that the flre which was spreading rapidly , had caught several bags of foreign fruit which were stowed in front of a closed fire-place at the rear of thtfshop ; and that the woodwork of the chimneypiece was on a blaza aa well as upwards of fifty sugar loaves , which were lodged upon a shelf . The water which was very copious , the mains having been turned op in consequence of the former conflagration , was poured upon the flames , and happily they were soon extinguished , but not before considerable damage was done to the stock and the windows of the shop . We hear Mr . Jones is Insured .
Destructive fiuk : ¦ in CAMnRrDGE-sQUARE . — Shortly after one o ' clock on Monday morning , a h ' re of an alarming nature broke out on the premises , No . 14 , Cambridge-square , Hyde-park . In a short time the West of England , and several engines belonging to the London Fire Brigade , arrived on the spot , and though the flames speedily communicated to the adjoining house ( the corner of Cambridge-street and Norfolkcrescent ) , the firemen being aided by an excellent sapply of water , succeeded in gaining a mastery over the devouring element by four o ' clock , bat it was not until past five o ' clock that all fears for the surrounding buildings were at an end . The house was uatenanted , but we understand it was filled with planking and floori"g , being dried for building- purposes , How the flre originated is unknown .
The Late Calamitous Explosion in Fettfr * lane . —Ic is stated by a neighkour of the ill-fated Mr . Newberry , that he was constantly cautioned against making pyrotechnic experiments , and that he hail been fined more than once for having on his premises a larger quantity of gunpowder than what the law permits to be kept in a private house . About six . months since , a fire broke out , it is supposed from these experiments , in the back part of the house , which excited considerable alarm . On that occasion he closed hia doors , and would not admit within them either the police or the firemen . In consequence of the watch that wa 9 lately kept upon the experimental works , both by the authorities and his neighbours , he always deferred them to night time .
" Mr. Stevenson's Valuable Work On • Throat Deaf-: Ness,' The Various Forms Of Whioh He Was The
" Mr . Stevenson ' s valuable work on Throat Deaf-: ness , ' the various forms of whioh he was the
Extensive And Fatal Conflagrations.—Five Lives Lost.
EXTENSIVE AND FATAL CONFLAGRATIONS . —FIVE LIVES LOST .
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2 THE NORTHERN 8 T U' I _
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 26, 1843, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct944/page/2/
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