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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATUEDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1843.
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PORTRAIT OP W. P. ROBERTS, ESQ.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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MILITARY SETOLT AT 3 SADBID . The Paris Moriiexr , of JJondayj publishes the fol-1 lowing telegraphic despatch i—Ba -iossb , Sept . 3—Ie the night of the 29 tb to th 6 SOth , a battalion of tke Reginunt del Principe re-Tolted at Madrid . The mot demanded their discharge , which h » a been promised to them . This battalion was immediatelydisarmed . Fire scrgeana , two corporals , and ose private -were abet on the moratog of the 30 th , in presence of the garrison , -which appeared to be de-TOted to the Goveujsaeat . Tfee Queem and infanta returned to Madrid on the -evening of the - £ » th- They were received -with the ¦ warmest enth « aasm . Madrid v « a peifectly
trait-Tho Madrid GazsZe of the 28 ** ultimo contains * ^ seree « f the Minister of the Interior , prescribing ibat sfcssoon as tbe ejections foi the Gorges stall hare been termiiated , all-fee provincial deputations shaft be re-¦ newed , and -tsAts on their functions ike first of NoTeaal 3 er next Tb » --decree bad created considerable sensation at Madrid , ^ aa it was considered a violafion of Jto constitution .
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BEPORTS'COXCERKING DISTURBANCES IN ITA £ Y . TIoks , Avq . 20 th . The discovery of some revolutionary plots saeniioned according to report in my last hare snee received some farther confirmation . The polioe « re Terj zealously Engaged in pursuit of the accused , whose Mmber is said to -is very great . Tse a « st extraordinary cirenmstance is , that some men of respectability and eminence in this and the neigh bourics-sta iea axe understood to be engaged in this absurd enterprise . Several © £ the conspirators have already taken refuge in flight , and have for the present escaped legal pursuit . —Frankfort Paper . Cobie , Auc . 25 ; h .
Byyrivate accounts from Bologna , we have received information to the following effect : —A cgbsplracj , which has ramifications through Middle and Lower Italy , has at last come to the point of an oatbreak . Bat even here the just-opening political viewsiliave already degenerated into eommoa brigan--dage . ' From 500 to " 500 m e n , according to some accoants m a n y more , chiefly political fugitives , sznngglers , and P&cchini , after their attempt to take Bologna by surprise was discovered and frustrated , returned to the hills above Savigno and Bazzaoo . Th e -or iginal leaders-of the movement , among whom is the young Marchese Tan * ra , a Count Zambeeceri , and a Piedmoniese ex-officer , named Melarc , have effected their escape . Now , the persons at the head
of the insurrection are one Lambertini from Bologna , two brothers Muralori from Bazzano ( one of whom 13 a physician ) a corn-dealer from Bazzano , an d a tnan who was formerly a gendarme , from Bologna . A captain of ge n d armerie , who endeavoured to pursue the insurgents with a corps of gendarmes and volunteers , had been assassinated . The Governmenttreasury , on which designs were entertained , has been conveyed to the palace of the Cardinal , where also t he Comman d er of th e Sec o n d F o r eign Regiment , Connt Salis Zigers , has his head quarters . Before the Palace two pieces of artillery are stationed , and a company of Grenadiers mounts guard . All the
officers of the garrison are quartered in the barracks . On the 15 th and 16 th three companies , and on the 28 ih a detachment of 40 men , were sent against the insurgents . These troops are posted at Bergatto , and the Papal national troops at Bazzano . Captain Ca va nna , of the Gendarmes , has the chief command [ The AUgemexne Zeitung of the 28 th states that the above account was inserted in that paper of the 27 ih , after several thousand copies had been printed I t was , therefore , repnblished on the 28 th ; but it is observed that none of the facts are mentioned in the Milan and other Italian papers which had been received , to the 24 Sh inst J Lkghoes , AxrG . 22 ad .
By Bologna letters of the ISdi we learn , that the Swiss Carabiniers sent against the disorderly persons of this province who hare taken to the field , h a ve already had some skirmishes , but of little importance , with the rioters . However , the action which took place on the ! 5 ; h on the declivity near Savigno , had a result somewhat more serums ; for the mea sures adopted in the beginning of the month were resewed , at Bologna , whither the troops which had been p ent to Ferrara and Romsgna were recalled . The Government has published nothing , but the following is theTeport of the affair circulated in the city : —
** About forty or fifty insurgents , who had made th ei r a p pear a nce n e ar Ca s ole e hi o , advanced on the 13 : h along the heighte a 3 far as Savigno , where ' they surprised a detachment of twenty Carabiniers , commanded by Captain- Castelvetri , and also some Pontifical volunteers . Some shots being exchanged , the captain and four of his men were killed ; the rest lied , leaving their a mmun iti on , arms , and horses in the hands of the insurgents . The party then advanc ed i nto the d istric t , and it is said killed the secretary , who was at the head of the Pontifieial
toIhd teers , and also two volunteers who were bearers of despatches ,-- ' ¦ * It seems other armed part i es nave ap p ear e d about Yergato and Basano . The fact is that since Uu > leii , - ***» ¥ * b « rro dally been marched against the rebels from Bologna . Of the forces sent out , -400 are Swiss , 200 Cara b in i ers , 100 Volunteers , and 100 are Pevenue Guards , who are habituated to excursions in the mountains . The movements of the troops are very slowly made , because the great object is to surround the insurgents and make them surrender prisoners at discretion . "
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The East , —The Levant mail hw brought . Constantinople letters of the 17 th . The Porte seemed inclined to pursue an anti-Christian course r f policy The massacre of the Nestorians had eau 4 ed great sensation . Izzet Pacha had been appointed to inquire into the disturbances of Bosnia . Accounts from Erxeroum were not satisfactory . Negotiations were su s pend e d , and the Persians collating troops . The plague had made its appearance . Wi have received a private letter from pur correspondent at CoHsfcantinopi * , dated the 17 th ult ., .
at which period © onsiderabfe anxiety prevailed in that city in consequence of a demand made by the Russiaa Minister to the Porte for permission to march a corps * armie df 2 Q , 000 men to the Servian frostier , to enforce the-extire fulfilment of the conditions imposed by the Emperor on the Servians . At tikat p er i od , however ,-ike result of the great meeting ofihe Serbian proprietors which was held at Kro « javatc on -the 8 th ult . was sot known at Constantino p le , nor the -consequent departure from the Servian territory of Wusoitsoh and Petroniewitsch , which puts an end to all difficulties on the subject .
Thb Zurich-Gaxetle of the 31 st ult ., contains the following : —** Civil war has broken out . Dr . Barman left this morning with a mission from tbe Government . Last evening , the patriots of St . Gingulph , De Voory , and Dtf Montey , entered this place ; they are commanded by M . Toris . Refreshments were served to them in the Abbey , where they passed the night . They sang patriotic airs This morning the ; left , taking with them two pieces « f artillery . "
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Sstesjo . Farms in the county of Cork are out of lease by the death of Mr . James Healy , of Newmarket . Lord Stuart be Rothesa ? is abont to retire from his embassy at Bt . Petersburgb . His Lordship has , for some time back , been labouring under physical indisposition , and the ardaoui duties of an embassy , growing daily more important and delicate , will soon be an overmatch for his increasing Infirmities . X oss of the Queek Steam-Packet . —Intelligence reached Dublin on Monday af ternoen of the wreck of the steam-vessel the Queen , Ciptain Gardner , trading between that port and Bristol . She sailed from Bristol for Dublin on Friday morning , and it was on her course thither that she was lost . The crew , with the exception of one man , were sav ed , but the cargo was lost .
Pakliamkntakt Ketdkss—As a proof the enormous and unnecessary expense to which , the country is yearly put by members of Parliament moving for returns , it may be stated that during . the last session one return connected with one of the metropolitan prisons moved for in the House of Commons occupied three derto upwards of thirty days , and contained , amongst other particulars , upwards of 13 , 000 names . It was also so weighty that it was almost more than a man could carry , and the printing of it cost about £ 2000 . — Times . The Lobds Commissiokkrs of the Admiralty have issued orders that from henceforward the Madeira , Wesl Indian , Mexican , and Mediterranean mails , are to be embarked and landed at Southampton , instead of at Falmouth , by -whieh the steam-ships -will be allowed to proceed direct to their destinations , and the delays that have hitherto occurred will be avoided . —Standard .
Dbeadtcl Attempt to Murder on Saffkon Hill . —During the whole of Wednesday morning , in the ntighbourhood of Saffron Hill , xnutfb excitement prevailed , in consequence of a rumour prevailing that an Italian , whose Christian name is Dominie , and who is a vendor of images , had been murdered by a countryman , who gave the name of Raymond Lucade , following the same trade . It appears that the two men , tbe previons day , toek lodgings at No . 6 , Saffron-hill , occupied by a general dealer of the name of Short . In the evening they went to the King'a Head , Leatherlane , where a raffia was to take place . Some words arose there abeut the numbers thrown by each with the dice . On reaching home the dispute was renewed between the two men * which eventually ended in a
pugilistic conflict , In the course of which each grasped the other by tbe throat . Words passed to the effect that one would choke the other , when the man in custody replied , that he would not be choked , upon making use of which expression , he stabbed his opponent in tbe aide . He was not released before he received five severe wounds , one in the abdomen , one on each aide of tbe chest , and two others . He was taken soon after by three men to St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital , On Wednesday morning policeman Onalow , Q 210 . went to the bouse in Saffron-hill , and entered tbe room where the frightful act was perpetrated , the floor of which was
covered with blood . He searched for tbe prisoner , and at length discovered him on the roof of tbe bouse , when he waa conveyed to the Clerkenwell Bt&tionhonse , in the Bagnigge-wells-ro&d . The instrument with which the wounds were inflicted is supposed to have been a clasp-knife . On inquiry at the hospital it waaascertained there were scarcely any hopes ef the man ' s recovery . It is also said that there was a little jealousy existing on the part of the man in custody . The murderer and the murdered were partners in imagemoulding and vending ; and tbe instrument of slaughter was tbe sharp-pointed knife used to scrape the monld-dosingB from the figures .
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Mi . O'Cossob . has received communications from many districts in all of which a very great desire is expressed to have a po&tsaix of Mr , Roberts , the people ' s Attomey-GeneraL We cannot wonder that a strong wish should be entertained to possess a likeness of so truly amiable , talented , and true a man ; and although we know that Mr- O'Connor had determined to givt no more Portraits , yet we have the pleasure to announce that all Subscribers for Three Months , from Saturday , the 16 th of Sept , will receive
A POBHEAIT OF W . P . ROBERTS , THE PEOPLES ATTORNEYGENERAL . We request the several Agents to open lists for tbe enrolling of names , as none bnt Subscribers from the above dates will receive a plate . Tbe price ef Paper and Plate when presented will be Sixpence ; and none will be sold without tbe pap r .
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DOINGS OP THE CONFERENCE . . ; Bt the time this reaches the hands of the readers , ! in all probability the labours of this body will I have ended : and , if they end as they have begun , j they will result in the adoption and promulgation i ' of a p lan of Or g an i z a t i on , which will be safe and I effective . The best spirit is manifested ; and an I aptitude for business , and earnestness of attention to . the great object to be accomplished , most cheering i to all who witness it . It iB , in itself , a proof of the ' . public mind . There is no vapour "; no " loud r boas i ing "; no acrimony ; no division : but union ; and peace predominates . ! We most refer to the "Eeport of proceedings " f ll t vi uit
; 'C rr Jwu * V * UD JLwvjrvim . jji ^ -u ^ u ^ s ; for what has been done . The nature of those pro ] ceedings will not admit of long description . There j are no " speeches " : it is business that the Con-I ference have fairly set themselves to perform . That ; business the Delegates carefully , and systematically , ! and thoughtfully , undertake . The result will be I exhibited in the pias agreed upon ; and which plan I we will publish in full next week .
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ME . BAINES'S REMEDY . "OTJRLAST AND ONLY RESOURCE-THE LAND /' Last week , we entered , at great len g th , into an examination of " Ora pbkseht position , " both at home and abroad ; more especially as to tbe relation in which we stand with other states , as a manufacturing nation , in the markets of the world . We then adduced evidence conclusive , that our day of "Monopoly" has gone J that other nations , and p ar t ic u l a rly Amer i ca , have begun to manufacture for themselves ; that they have not only cloBed their hoke markets against us , but that they have followed ns into neutral markets , and successfully
1 competed with ns ; and that they have even brought : their goods into our market , and undersold ns at ; home 2 ! These facts are pregnant with important eonse-; quences . They proclaim , in lan g ua g e im p ossib l e to ! be misunderstood , that our monopoly" of manu-] factoring 1 b ended j that we can no longer ** comj maud the markets of the world "; that to hope to J continue the employment of great masses of our
j population in the production of clothing for those ] who have determined to produce clothing for them-| selves , is senseless in the extreme ; and that it ifl certain , if we would avert ibbbteievable hois , we ) must give a new direction to national energy , so as to enable us to produce enough of the first necessaries of life for ourselves , taking care so to d istri b ute } them , that each one shall have Ms fair and legitimate i share .
j Rgbekt Hyde Greg has most conclusively shewn that America is certain to become the teat of the j " great bulk" of the coiton manufacture . This he j establishes from data indisputable . He shows , that
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with inferior machinery , she is no to even able to prodace for Bd M with a profit to the manufacturer , what we cannot produce for less than Sid . or 9 £ d % witho u t profit at all ! He shows that she has already taken from us the " great bulk" of the China market ; ancf that she must take from us all the other markets which have hitherto had to depend exclusively upon as for their supply . Nay , he shews , that , now that
we have determined to throw our machine market open to the world ; now , that we have invited every nation to become possessed of the means to successfully compete with us ; now , that we have generously given up the one sole only-remaining advantage we had ; Mr . Gbeg shows , that now that we have done this , " America will supply England with the great bulk of her cotton fabrics "; and that M the cotton MANOTACTBBE HOST FINALLY REST WITH THEM . '
Now this is no li ght question . The " cotton manufacture" is a most tremendous item in the general account of our manufactures . There is an immense amount of capital involved in it ; and hundreds of thousands of our , population are daily dependent en it for the means of existence . It is therefore of moment to us to look tbis question fully in the face ; and be prepared in time to meet the difficulty , before we are overwhelmed in the RUIN which it will bring in its train .
The Morning Chronicle has shewn that not only are the Americans becoming formidable rivals to us in manufactures , but that" all tbe great states ef the Continent of Europe are erecting for themselves , respectively , a manufacturing interest , that threatens ere long to render them completely independent of our skill and industry . " That "the states of the Northern Continent are also lessening their dependence u p on us , by extending their manufactures , and
hampering our trade with increasing prohibitions . " That " our fast waning treaty with Brazil is giving ominous warning of the precarious position in which gtauds our traffic with the South . " That" from the Guadalquiver to the Neva we are met by one unbroken line of hostile tarifik . " That " what the Milan and Berlin decrees were unable to effect , is now accomplished by the spinning jennies of Germany . " That our extensive woollen trade with Russia is
all but annihilated . " That " England , at one t ime , furnished Russia with her cottons , * but that Russia now manufactures for her own necessities . " And that " every thing bids fair to be soon the next thing to a commercial nen-intercourse . " !!! These positions of the Morning Ch r o n icle , we strengthened by other evidence , showing that during the present year America has exported to China 15 , 000 , 000 yards of cotton goods ; while we the GREAT cotton manufacturers , bare onl y exported 12 , 000 , 000 : the American excess over us being onefourth of our entire trade in that particular ! And
it is now our intention to supply other and more conclusive evidence in support of the same positions * Before we enter into particulars , we must first premise that America has not confined hjsr attention to the Cotton Manufacture . She has entered the lists of competition with us in other Manufactures She produces wool ; and she manufactures woollen goods . She produces iron ; and she manufactures cutlery . She propagates the silk-worm ; and she manufactures silk . She cultivates flax ; and she manufactures linen . She is therefore rendering herself independent ot ub in all of these branches of our Manufactures !
The consequence is , that America is regularly ceasing to take goods from us . She is supplying her own necessities in many cases ; and in otherB she is following us over the world , and driving us even out of our own home market i That this is the ease will be proved by the following return , lately laid befere Parliament , on the motion ot Mr . Thorneley , which shews an alarming decline , not confined to a few , but extending to all ] articles of export , with the single exception of tin and tinned plate ? . . The gross amount of exports to America in 1842 was lsss bt more than onk-halp of the average annual exports of the nine preceding years !!
Here is the proof . The average yearly exports from 1033 to 1041 , both years inclusive , marc jC 7 , 800 , 000 ; whil e those for 1 84 2 were not more th a n £ 3 , 528 , 807 . So that here is more than onchalj of " our Foreign Trade " to the best market we had entirely gone ! The following shews the total exports of British produce to the United States , in five successive years : — 1838 „ £ 7 , 585 760 1839 8 , 839 . 204 1840 5 283 , fl 20 1841 7 , 098 . 642 18 4 2 3 , 528 , 807
Is it possible for f act to be more clearly stated Well might the Chronic l e exclaim , " our hold upon America seems daily relaxing" I When we examine the details of the above gross return , we find that ever y branch of our commerc e with the United States has declined ; and the falling-off has been proportionately greatest in those of most importance . To show this we shall give the particulars of exports , for five years , of the chief articles of British manufacture . The exports of cotton manufactures , including cotton ya rn , were as follow : —
1838 £ 1 , 476267 1839 1 , 467 082 1840 1 , 123 . 439 1841 . „ 1 , 515 933 1842 487 ; 276 Thus the ex p orts o 1 84 2 were little more than one-fourth of the value of those of 1841 . The exports of other articles stand thus : —
HARDWARES AND CUTLERY . 1838 £ 561 , 704 1839 « .... * 849 , 640 1840 „ 334065 1841 584 400 1842 298 . 881
II OS AND STEEL , WBODGHT AND PNWROUGHT . 1838 £ 634 , 395 1839 801 , 193 1840 355 / 34 1841 626 . 532 1842 394 , 854 LINEN MAJiBFACTURSS , INCLUDING LINEN YARNS 1838 ~ £ 944 , 589 1839 . „ 1 , ^ 68 823 1840 976 , 247 1841 1 , 232 247 1842 „ ..., 463 . 645
SILK MANUFACTURES . 1838 £ 348 506 1839 410 , 093 1840 274 . 159 1841 306 , 757 1842 81 , 243
WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES , IKCUJDING WOOLLEM YARN . 1838 £ 1 , 887 . 177 1839 2 , 178645 1840 1 , 077 B 28 1841 1 , 549 926 1842 652 , 335 Is not there food for thought there ! Look at the
details . See how the ektir * is affected . Hardwares and cu . lery in 1842 litile more than orefourth the amount of 1839 . Iron and 6 teel in 1842 about one-half the amount of 1838 . Linen manufactures in 1842 about one-third the amount of 1839 . Silk manufactures in 1842 about one fifth the amount of 1839 ; and woollen manufactures about onethird 1 Is not " our hold upon America daily relaxing ' ?
The imports from the United States into this country show a very different result The import of bark has increased between 1833 and 184 S , from 23 , 459 ewts to 27 , 648 cwts . ; that of salted beef from 899 cwtk to 7 , 024 cwU . ; that of butter from 1 cwt > to 3 , 769 cwts . ; that of cbesse from 9 cwts . to 14 . 0 S 7 . ; that of wheat from nothing to 16 . 111 quarters ; that of wheaten flour from 35 , 659 cwts . to 381 , 066 cwts ; that of bains from
72 cwts . to 2 , 133 cwts . ; that of lard from nothing to 26 , 555 cwts . j that of pork from 1 , 352 cwts . to 13 , 408 ewts . ; that of rice from 24 , 114 quarters to 40 , 450 quarters ; that of clover seed from 350 cwto . to 22 . 632 cwts . ; that of tobacco from 20 , 748 . 317 lbs . to 38 . , 012 lbs . : that of cotton wool from 237 , 506 , 758108 . 10 414 , 030 , 779 lbs . ; that of turpentine from 322 , 486 cwti bo 408 , 330 cwts . ; asd that of sheep ' s wool from 334 , 678 lbs . to S 61 . 028 lbs .
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The " balance of trade" is turning against this country in a manner which makes it doubtful whether wo shall not have to pay for the raw cotton we need from America in specie instead of goods . Then of what advantage to us will our " foreign trade" be ! Manufactures , then , d ^ e failing . Nay , the Chronicle , the organ of the Great manufacturers , admit that theyhave failed . To dream , therefore , of confining our attention to them almost exclusively , as a means of emp loyment for our p o p ulation , is madness indeed .
What is to be done ! The evil is certainly coming upon ub : how is it to be averted \ How is employment , remunerative employment , to be feund ! Are we to be bound fast , hand and foot , to the spinning wheel , to the loom and the jenny , and be compelled to run a losing race on the course of free competition , with those who are becoming independent of us , and who therefore snap their fingers at us ! Are there no other means of employment t Is there no remedy for the great evils we at present endure , and for the greater with which we are threatened ? Or are we doomed to u National Extinction from distress and ruin" !
God be praised , there is still a way oat 1 That way Mr . Baines , of the Leeds Mercury , has distinctl y ohalked out . He has anticipated this day : and he has p rescri b e d a remedy , an unfailing bemedy , for the manifold evils we are doomed to experience . In the year 1819 there were loud cries of d istre s s " The sudden transition from war to peace , " according to some " pro f oun d political economists , " brought on bankruptcy , insolvency , dearth of employment , and consequent starvation . It is true that others attributed these effects to the attempt to resume cash pa y ments with an amount of taxation fixed in a depreciated currency . But no matter what waa the cause . That we shall not here inquire into . It is only with the fact of their existence that we have at present to do . The cau ^ of their existence , and of their non-existence , we will discuss some other time .
In that year , then , great distress prevailed . This induoed Mr . Baines , along with some other kind gentlemen of Leeds , to devote their attention t o the matter , with a view of applying an effioient remedy . They were appointed a Committee by the Overseers or the Poor in Leeds , for the purpose of—1 . Inquiring into the causes of the increase of Pauperism ; ; 2 . Whether the existing evil , as to its causes , be of a complexion m-erely temporary , and may be supposed soon to right itself ; and 3 . Whether it may not be prudent , in case the causes that induce the evil be permanent , to inquire INTO THE BEST MEANS OF FINDIKG SOMH PRODUCTIVE SOUHCE OF LABOUR FOR THE UNEMPLOYED POOR .
As such Committee , they deeply investig ated the whole question . They laboured well and hardly . They sought for information from all sources ; and they ultimately reported , that " the soil , the earth , is our last , our only resource" ! That Report is now more' valuable than ever . The causes of the distress then existing have been found to be permanent in their nature . They still exist ; they are etill unremoved ; and the " distress " is greater , and more widely extended . The remedy , therefore , is more greatly needed . Here it is : embodied by Mr . Baines in the shape of a Report : — We , yonr committee , have paid all possible attention to the above charge , and now beg leave to report the result of our inquiries aa far as we have been able to proceed .
Upon tbe first inquiry , your committee presume that a taritty of canses contribute at the present moment to tbe increase of pauperism , a few of which we will enumerate '; and we would add , that we shall deem it out doty to confine our observations to such as more immediately affaot the township of Leeds . 1 . The application of machinery , with complete success , in the dressing of woollen cloths , ' has been the means of displacing a considerable number of hands from the employ by which they have long provided for themselves and families . 2 . The worsted trade : not long ago the yarns were all span by band , and are now nearly wholly spun by machinery .
3 . Flax was , not many years ago , sp un by wom e n principally , npon tbe hand-wheel ; but it is now also all , or nearly all . span by machinery ; and very lately tbe dressing of tho flax by machinery has arrived at such a state of perfection , as to preclude every hope that the displaced men can ever again find employ by the manual labour , which has formerly yielded them subsistence : 4 . The shutting up of tbe mills occupied in tbe spinning of the flax has also thrown out of work many young women and children , and some men all of whom tend to augment the common mass of pauperism .
i . The revulsion from a state of warfare to a state of peace , has thrown a considerable number of men , discharged from tbe armies , navy , and the militia , upon the parishes , aa the manufacturers are unable to afford them employment . 6 . Lastly , We have to conclude with the notice of one circumstance , and which , though not generally observed , yet it indirectly effects ua ; economy in the farming establishments , and thrashing machinery , drift off from home a number of labourers ; and they beiig accustomed to handle the mattock and spade , get that employment which might otherwise have been the portion of our own unemployed poor . Upon & due consideration of the above causes of the present increase of pauperism , we come—Secondly , To coi'aidor their nature and complexion ; and upon this bead , the committee ure of opinion . —
That a part of tbe present increase of pauperism , arising from the stagnation of trade , we have every hope , will , in time , be diminished by the inherent energies of commercial enterprise ; but yet those unemployed persons , who have been deprived of subsistence by the other causes before enumerated , seem to us to labour under difficulties more permanent in their nature , nnd such as will require the adoption of new measures to remove them . Whenever , might be the advantage of machinery in its general application to our manufactures , one of its natural
consequences , in tbe first instance , must be the decrease of labour . Under these impressions your Committee solicited a correspondence with persons of the first respectability for intellect , benevolence , and rank in eociety ; and by their communications we have in some measure regulated oar conclusions . The facts which we daily witness amply convince us that something is indispensably necessary to be done : were it not for this urgent necessity we should be ready to shrink from the difficulties presented— 'presented on which side soever we may turn fur a remedy .
As to manufactures , we CANNOT GET A GLIMPSE OP HOPE RESPECTING THEM ; for in most parta of tbe empire the common subject of complaint is—tbe want of employment for both males and females—for both young , middle-aged , and old persons ; hence the introduction of any other manufacture might shift the evil , but would not remove it . We are most particularly indebted to the Right Hon . Sir John Sinclair , Bart , for the distinguished attention that be has been pleased to pay to oar communications ; to J . C . Curwen , E ? q , M . P ., a name rich in the annals of agricultural celebrity , and widely acknowledged as the benevolent and persevering index of » xperimental improvement ; to Robert Owen , Esq ., of New
Lanark , for tbe very polite offer which he has made of paying us a personal visit ; to Mr . Wills , the Honorary Secretary of a Committee that has exiated in London for some time , and has held ita sittings at tbe King's Head , Poultry , and whose object , upon an extended scale , has been precisely similar to out own ; to Arthur Yoang , Esq ., for the valuable information conveyed to us through the medium of au inquiry into the propriety of applying wastes to the better maintenance and support of tbe poor , 1801 , 8 yo . From tbe above sources and others , particularly some bints from Sir Thomas Bernard , and others , in a work entitled Hints for Bettering ( he Condition of the Poor , wearo inductd to c « me , though with diffidence , to the under-mentioned conclusions .
The Soil—the Earth , is our last , onr only resource . Indeed were we more contiguous to the Sea , we should contemplate in its bosoni an intxhaustible source of subsistence and employ ; but inland as is our local situation , we can see no help , no employ , but ifr the sdil . We observe that a lst £ act authorise ? each parish to take and re-let twenty awes to the poor , for tbe purpose of finding them employ in their leisure hours .
Now it is evident that the word parish intends tote * - ships ; and there only wants that alteration suggesting to our County Member * to get the needful amendment made early in the next session . In the south , parishes are small . In York , they are very small ; but in Leeds , very extensive . In one parish we have nine townships ; and what would twenty acrea do for nine different , populous , individual interests ? We are convinced that this only wants explanation before the legislature ; and we earnestly recommend it .
2 . The next source of relief that we can suggest is the cultivation of Wastes . Domestic Colonization , upon a small scale , we think , should be tried . Sir John Sinclair , Bart , Robert Owen , Esq ., Arthwt Young , Esq , regard it as tbe sheet anchor , tbe only sure , easy , practicable mean of supporting the poor , and thereby reducing the poor ' s rates by enabrDggUiem to support them-Belvej .
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The waste for such an experiment should be obtained as near to Leeds as possible , and as to tbe minutra of the plans j of arrangement and management , those must necessarily devolve upon the guardians of the poor , or ' some committee inves te d wi t h authority . I The best informed characters seem to contemplate some experiments upon a large scale , that will reach the seven millions of acres of Waste Lands , and other facilities for overseers to place their unemployed poor in situations where labour may be found , and food raised for support . j
But an experiment might , we are inclined to imagine , be made in Leeds , by voluntary subscriptions . We have little doubt , j but that there are many ready and willing to do something for the poor ; and who are only waiting for a | plan to be exhibited , that promises to be successful and effective . Our present Poor Laws , though certainly intended to answer a moat benevolent and meritorious purpose , have nevertheless one i effect that cannot bat be deplored . The dependence that a poor man has upon the parish for relief , sinks him in his own estimation , and paralyses his energies—aud having nothing to hope for—nothing in prospect—he attempts nothing . This
deadening effect should be watched at every corner ; as Arthur Young , Esq ., observes—if an object exist , th a t w il l induce i nd ustr y , frugality , patience , and exertion , we may defy calculation as to the effects which will be produced ; and numerous are the individual instances that might be produced to show hew this powerful lever , the hope of reward and possession of something that can be called one's own , has set in motion a principle that figures cannot count , and which cold calculation would pronounce an impossibility . Feed the poor from week to week , and we perpetuate misery—PLACE THEM ! IN A CONDITION TO FEED THEMSELVES , UNDER U DUE STIMULUS , WE SHOULD
SOON CHANGE THE MISERABLE SCENE . At any other timo but the present we might have been deemed visionary in those speculations ; and indeed , it is sometimes with difficulty that we can believe that the urgency of the circumstances warrant our recommendations . If we be found acting under impressions unjustified by the aspect of the times , we trust the good eense of the Board will [ correct , curtail , or repress our suggestions . Bat it again recurs onto as , that uncommon times and cases demand uncommon plans and exertions ; and hence we must solicit the most earnest attention of the gentlemen constituting tbe Board to tbe subject of Domestic Colonization . Domestic Colonixation keeps our poor at home !
Your committee herewith hand you a report from the gentlemen deputed to * visit New Lanark—from which it should appear , that some considerable improvement might be attained by the classification of the inmates of tbe present Poor-house , and especially by affording to the children a greater portion of useful learning . Also their observations lonErm etill farther the obvious advantages to be derived , by having recourse to the cultivation of the earth , ; for permanent and productive labour . Aa to the minutiaa of the operations , and as to the extent that it may be deemed prudent to adhere to any given plan , we should not feel ourselves warranted in venturing an opinion , ; and especially in this stage of the business . Such considerations will naturally devolve upon other persons at a future period : and to such a committee the information procured by the deputation will be faundlof oonsiderakie value .
We have several documents that would warrant oar warm recommendations of spade in lieu of plough husbandry . It must be universally allowed , that the superficies of oar fields are far hem the climax of Improvement of which ^ they are capable—and indeed some examples might be produced , where the money extra-expended by manual labour , has been more , and much more than repaid , by the abundance of the crops produced . The difficulty will be found in persuading farmers to adopt this mode of cultivation . However , the appended Lanark Report will be found to contain some advices upon this head , which we should be extremely glad to see generally or partially adopted .
Lastly—We would earnestly recommend , that the subject be laid as soon us convenient before a Vestry Meeting , in order to enlist into the cause , a moderately numerous committee of gentlemen of talent , opulence , energy , and respectability . Now what does the reader think of that ? Is not Mr . Baines ' s reme dy a f eas ible one ! Does not he adduce gopd and substantial re a sons for its adoption ? Does not he truly describe the nature and operation of machinery ^ in decreasing human labour , ' and in throwing the superseded ones upon the poor rates or u p on p rivate bount y ! Wa s not he ri g ht ,
when he said that " from manufactures he could not get one glimpse of hope * ' t Manufactures have alone b e en trie d , as a remedy for the distress then so prevalent ; and the remedy has but augmented the mass of poverty it was to remove . Is not it timo that we went to "the earth , our last , our only resourc e" I We much regret that time and circumstances prevent us from handling this vast important document as we pould wish . That , however , we cannot , at the present , compass . Some day or other we will return to it ; meantime we ask for Mr . Baines ' s remedy a most careful examination .
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He states that the Northern Star has tried "to prove that farmers of four acres of land may , b y the skilful managementof their farms , realise a PROFIT of three hundred pounds a-year , after paying their bents , taxes , and WAGES . " Now , this is a complete mis-statement of what tbe Nort h ern St a r has attempted to " prove . " It is so opposite to fact , and in the teeth of so much evidence to the contrary
that the Northern Star never even dreamed of such a thin g as " three hundred pounds PROFIT , after payment of rents , t a xes , and WAGES , " that we cannot believe the mis-statement to have been accid ental , or unwitting . We are compelled to believe that the error is wilful ; and that it is resorted to to doton the " land bubble" by the " power of face " alone , seeing that it is impossible to do so b y the power of argument or fact .
The No rt hern St a r has never yet attempted to " p rove " any such outrageous statement as the Mercury attributes to it . So far from our having done this , we have constantly , repeatedly , and invariably , represented the three hundred pounds as t h e r eturn fob labour ; THE WAGES THEMSELVES ; not t h e phofit after wages were paid In the very article to which the Mercur y affects
to reply , this is set forth in three distinct places . It is expressly stated , three times over , that the only " payments" made out of the produce , ' * are for rent , tax e s , see d , and wear and tear of implements ;" and that the remain de r , c a l c ulated from data the result of actual practice , is the return fob the labour and capital expended . So away goes the one single " idea" contained in the whole of the Mercury ' s " words" !
We repeat , that we cannot consider this mis-statement to have been accidental . We have so g uarde d our s elv es on thi s p oint , from all possible misapprehension , and stated the fact that the estimated produce was not " clear profit , " but WAGES for labour and return for capital , that we : cannot imagine any man r e ad i n g the " words" we have use d ^ —and this the Mercury must have done , or he would not know to such a nicety t he e x a ct num be r of " 'ideas" contained in them ; we cannot imagine any one reading those words " could for a single moment think that the
three hundred pounds spoken of were set forth as" clear pbofit . " If there had bean the least possibility of doubt on the subject ; if our " wor d s " had been either ambiguous or mistified ; if they had been liable to have attached to them a doublem ea nin g ; if it had b ee n p o ss ible to have tortured out of them the " idea" that the three hundred p ounds ' worth of p ro d uc e , after " rent , taxes , seed and wear and tear of implements had been paid for , " was " clear profit , " " after WAGES had been
paid ; " if this had been at all possible , w e would ch e erf u ll y have given the Mercury the benefit of it , and not pressed him hardly on the point . As it is , we are bound to consider his conduct in placing the matter in tho light ho has , and in founding his whole strictures upon his false representation , as most disingenuous , and most unfair ; while we consider the necessity that he was under to adopt such a course of action as the only means of replying to our positions , as proof indisputable that those positions cannot be disturbed by / air means .
Who is it , therefore , that has been trying to practice " g ross delusion " upon tbe public ! The Northern Star , who has adduced fact for its inferences , and d ata for its calculations ; or the Leeds Mercury , who has had to invent statements , attribute them to it <* opponent , and then reason upon them , and them alone , to meet arguments founded upon fact * This question we safely leave with the Mercu ry itself . Of course we shall not follow the Mercury in detail . Having destroyed the foundation on which he had bu il t , his whole superstructure falls to the ground . It is not worth one single " word . "
Some day or other we shall have a " word "' to say about " the tenants of Mr . James G . Marshall and Messrs , Gen . " We thank the Mercury for the opportunity . It shall not be lost or missed . We w i ll have a crack' * with him on t h at subject some / day , and tell him some queer facts . In conclusion , we must desire the Mercury to meet us fairly . We must desire him to meet our facts . We must desire him to refrain from wilful misrepresentation of statement or argument . We must desire him to be ingenuous and honest . Let him meet us in this spirit , aud i n th i s m a nner
and we will tussle the matter with him . We will deal with him and his arguments fairly . We have hitherto done so . We have given him every advantage . We have invariably allowed him to state his own case . Every " word" that he has said on the question has been inserted in the Northern Star . We do not ask him to insert our " columnsof worda" in return ; but we do ask him not to attribute false statements to us , and reason upon them as though they were ours . We ask him not to tax bis powers of i n ve n tion for th i s p ur p ose ; bat to meet the argument fairly .
And this he must do . He cannot now recede . He has admitt ed , by his deeming it necessary to devote a leading article to the exposure of what he calls our " mi s chievous delusion , " that the question is one of interest . He cannot , now forsake it . After this public char g e of w i lfu lly attributing to us what he must have known we never set forth , he must set himsel ri ght . He must explain how it happens that misrepresentation alone is combatted in his article ; and he must then address himself to the real question
If he do not do this , we shall be entitled to consider his Btlenoe as an acquiesence in the justice of our charge , and as a full acknowledgment that onr facts and arguments are unimpeachable . To this dilemma we fix him . No affected contempt for mere " wor d s " will now serve him . He has not hitherto evinced contempt . Now , to affect to do eo will be damning . We shall look for , an d f u ll y expect , his exp lan a tion , aud his reply to our " facts and figures . "
The Northern Star. Satueday, September 9, 1843.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATUEDAY , SEPTEMBER 9 , 1843 .
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THE "BUBBLE" EXPLODED . THE LEEDS lilERCURY CAUGHT . The Leeds Mercury is sadly tired of his Potatoes . He does not like the " large" dish of them so continually served up for him . Whether it be that he is conscious that he " dre | w the bow" " rayther " too far , in detailing the extraordinary produce , or it is the seasoning of the mess that annoys him ; certain it is that he is annoyed ; and that he tries hard to detach himself from all connection with the potato " bubble . " ; In tho Mercury of last Saturday appeared the following article : — I
" The Land Bubble . —In the Northern Star of last Saturday we find four columns of words , with abont tbe same number of ideas , to prove that farmers four acres of land may , by the skilful ] management of tbeir farms , realiie a profit of £ 300 a-year , after paying their rents , taxes , and wages 1 ! . ' and tbe public are reminded that the farmers of Ireland , who are contending for fixity of tenure , ' and the Rebeccaitea of Wales , who complain of the pressure of high rents and h'gli tolls , may obtain these profits , and thereby relieve themselves from all tbeir difficulties . We would ask tbe author of these Absurdities if there is a farmer in Ireland , or if there is j a farmer in Wales , that realizes a tenth part of this sum by four acres of land ,
used for agricultural purposes ? and if tbe answer is No , ' we would then ask , if such profits are not obtained now , bow itnappens that not one man of all the sons of Erin ever mads Ibis discovery before Mr . Feargua O'Connor 2 It is just possible that for garden produce , for which the demand is necessarily very limited , a considerable profit may be occasionally made . We have beard of a profit of , £ 200 it-year from grapes grown on less than a quarter of an acre of land , and £ 100 a-year from the growth of asparagus on still less ground ; but as to farm produce , —grass , wheat , oats , barley , and turnips , tbe principal food of man and beast . —all such profits are utterly unattainable , and to cherish such expectations is to encourage a miachievou * delusion . We
fear that not ; many of the tenants of Mr . James G . Marshall or of Messrs . Gott , with all the advantages they enjoy of moderate rents , an unlimited supply of manure , and great facilities foi disposing of their produce , will realise a clear profit yearly after the rate of £ 75 an acre on their allotments i and if they tail to make such ptofits , after making the proper allewance fer tbeir own labour , what will tbe milk farmer , or the corn farmer , or tbe farmer ] with rotation of crops , say to such a statement ? What would they say to their landlord , if be should tell thorn that Mr . F . O'Connor , * barrister and farmer , ' aided by Mr . John Linton , ' ironfounder and farmer , ' had made the discovery that every f < ur acres of thtir estate would produce a clear yearly
profit of £ 300 ; and that consequently the land to rent was worth at least £ 60 per acre , and they , tbe tenants , must pay that sum ? They would say to the landlord what Mr . Burchell said to the fine speeches of Miss Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs and her companion' fudge ! ' and that perhaps is the most suitable answer that can be given to all each rhodomantade . We do not dispute that Mr . -Linton may have produced upon hia three roods of land at Selby , by forced cultivation , a great many cabbnges , and a great many potatoes , any more than we dispute ] the experiments of the correspondent of the Leeds Mercury in March last , who wrote upon the comparative yield of various kinds of potatoes—but jfor whose accuracy we never gave any
pledge , as the Northern Star asserts : uor do we dispute that the land of England , ! Scotland , and Ireland , may be made much more productive than it is at present by improved drainage , aided in some cases by spade husbandry ; but we contend that to hold oat any expectation that a farm of four acres of land wilt in general yield a clear profit of £ 300 a year either to the owner or to the tenant , or to both , is to practise a gross delusion upon the public ; and that any person who may be imposed upon by such representations will find bis agricultural speculations a ] B delusive as would be bis political eKptctationa if he thought the country would attain either liberty ox prosperity from the establish * meat of The Imperial Charter . ' ' •'
The Mercury is bothered . This potato question has puzzled him . He chose to sneer at the Land question , because it was advocated by tho Northern St a r ; and the tables were turned so completely upoa him , by the shewing that the statements in the Star , with' respect to the benefits to be derived from the applica / joo of labourjto " our last and oj * tbb-80 UBCE—the eofl , " were 'sober and cautious , compared with his own . This has eo bothered him , that he now tries to ^ ° ? * be difficulties in which he is involved by b beer misrepresentation and falsehood .
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WORK OF THE SESSION . We and our contemporaries have reviewed the Ministerial work of the past Session , according to our several-political peculiarities , but more with reference to the disappointment created at home , than with reference to its effect abroad . If the Tory Ministry has succeeded in dissatisfying all parties at home , it has been abundantly successful in causing the foreign enemies of Britain to rejoice and be glad . So long indeed as the acknowledged distress of the working classes was likely to be confined . within the narrow limits of our domestic
policy , so long was that distress matter of unimportance to the cunning monarch who wields the French sceptre . But the moment it was revealed that the aid of the Chelsea Pensioners might be required to keep the cry of hunger in subjection , while her Majesty and her Ministers were revelling in enjoyment during the recess , did Louis Philippe discover that the heretofore subsidizing England must henceforth , in consequence of her ruined Exchequer , rely upon the physical force of foreign nations to suppress the growing discontent aribing out of domestic misrule .
Turn-about is fair-play , says the English Minister to the King of the Barricades : we have exhausted our resources for the purpose of upholding your ti tle to the throne of France , and now , according to all the rules of good faith and " reciprocity , " we have a claim ¦ upon you to uphold our ascendancy at home . True , Mr . Pitt and the statesmen of his day were actuated by a double motive in patting down the French Revolution ; firstly , by their
duty to kings generally ; and secondly , lest the example set in France should be followed by the En g lish p eo ple ; and if the interests of France and England were so inseparably united in 1792 , as to justify tbe expenditure of so much English blood and English money not yet made , the same reasoning , with a mere chatge of circumstances , would hold good in 1843 : that is , if the rage for Republicanism in France in 1792 justified the Eng lish minister of that day in expending the country fl
Portrait Op W. P. Roberts, Esq.
PORTRAIT OP W . P . ROBERTS , ESQ .
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The Briliih Packet , a Buenos Ayrea paper , of the 1 st of July h&s arrived , according to which the Imperial troops , tnder Baron de Cazias , have ga in e d a ¦ victory in Bio Grand , and vrhoDj pat to flight the rebels witii ibeir leaders , Canovarro and Ifieto , "which , it ib said , will much inconvenience Rivera and his supporters , since they bad hoped to supply themselves with / nnds to carry on the "war by the raising 500 , 000 dollars on the mortgage of the Custom-house duties for 1844 . It is also asserted that so closely pressed is the Montevidean President for money to furnish his troops with necessary equipment and provisions , as to have effected a s&le ef tbe Government-house for 80 , 000 dollars ; but these statements of course must be received wiih all due
allowance for the exaggeration tbe conductors of tbe press of South America indulge in , especially -when rival interests are concerned and aa opponent is songbt to be crushed . This same paper alleges-a serious fracas to have occurred between Senox Regis , of the Brazilian Legation , and an Italian named Geribaldi , wherein the former , not having received the satisfaction be considered due to Ms post on application to tbe authorities , h&d vnthdra . wn bis snpport by retiring on board the Brazilian squadron ontade ihe roadstead , till be bad communicated with liis Government on tb . e subject of the insult . Garabaldi is said to be a person of bad character , and tbe refnsal of Senor Ilegisto meet him , in explanation of some aspersions respecting his career of life , appears to be the origin -of this diplomatic insult , the Montevidean Government , when called upon to
int e rf e re , treating the matter more as a private dispute than one in which they ought © facially" to exercise their power . Altogether this story deserves little notice Beyond being adduced as another * of the attempts on the part of Rosas and bis adherents to excite foreign powers against Rivera and his followers . At the date of this paper there were J 21 vessels in port , ot which , thirty-two were British , and eleven American . Exchange on England was at the rate of-3 d . per paper dollar . By this opportunity Vaiparaico accounts to the 18 ih of May have been received . Pern , ii is stated , continned dis > urbed , but Ch 2 i was tranquil . Sales of grey calicoes and shirtings had been effected , although stocks generally were very heavy . American grey cloths , twentyeight incn , bad sold at 5 | cents , per yard in bond . Freight-was £ 210 s . to £ 3 : and the exchange 45 dollars to 45 aollarB .
2 * ew Zealand papers to tne 27 th of April have also come to band . The New Zealand GaxMc and Wei-Rngton Spectator gives a long-account of tbe flonrishmg condition of Port Nicholson , bnt the article is founded on materials so frail that the prosperity boasted will not bear investigation . Wages for mechanwHi are averaged at from £ 2 to £ 3 per week , and for labourers £ 1 10 s . to £ 1 16 a . but provision ! axe enormendy deajy were these rates in reality paid . But th » , unfortuna t el y , is not the case . When the work is to be performed , there is great difficulty in obtaining it even when much reduced terms are
Thb Psrssiis Finance Minister , M . Bodelschwmg . has just published certain financial returns Aeeording tp tbem , 11 , 644 Tessd * entered Prussian ' -ports in 1842 , of which 6 3354 wereforeiga , and 3 310 Prussian . The Prussian vessels were of ^ 69 000 lasts , the foreign shippibg but ef 393 , 000 . The po ' pnlation of lhe Prussian monarchy ib declared to be l 5 , 3 "> 0 , 0 d 0 souls , it appears that Holland is aboa to yield on the great qHestion of tbe free naviga tion of the IQixLQ—Frankfort Journal . HiSOVEft , Aug . 27 . —<> ur harvest , which is partly got in , is most abundant , and all other productions promise to yield great crops , though they will be much later than uiaaL On this account the magistrates in several districts have already resolved that , to secure the crops from injury , the commencement of the shooting season ( which should be on the 1 st ol September } shall be deferred till farther notice , according to circumstances .
The Baltic Teams—Eisibobk—The nnniber ol ships that passed the Sound in July was—Prom tbe Jionb Sea , 880 ; from the Baltic , l £ 08 ; total 2088 . Tne English ships were—From ibe North- Sea ; 204 ; from the BaMcV 237 ; total , 441 . —Hamburgh pcjtfrj , Sept L S ? Ai 5 . —Paws , Sett . 3 , —The DtbaU has telegraphic news from Barcelona of the 29 th . Great disquietude prevaSed . Rioters bad pulled down the electoral lists from the doors if the provincial deputation . Ko troops had arrived and this in-• - -eased the agit » UoD ,
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& __ THE NORTHERN STAV i
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 9, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct946/page/4/
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