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Ctoaritet 3Em*Uffeenc*.
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THE BORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1843.
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2Tcr BeanrrsJ ant* <&om0tton&int0.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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— TO 1 HB EDITOR OF THE SOB . THKEH STiB . Dr ^ s SrR , —Haling seen in the NorOiern Star of yeBt ^ rday a puagnph announcing a lecture to be deli-Terra ; n t > e Chartist neWB-room , Windybink , Colne , &t two o ' clxk ofi Snnd » y next , May 28 th , and the Council no : being aw&rs who the person u , nor where h § comes from , have determined not to receive as lecturers say one -who has not corresponded ¦ with the association previous to the annonneement . And fnrther , Jary itctcrus wishing to vijit Coins are respectfully inforsr&a Vcat they "Bill be required to correspond trith KS , : s * bf Mib-Sec * etary to t-ie Assoclatien ; and if « tari = ? . \ ciH beTtqwred to produce their credentials : noiu ^ :-- -still be attended to . Btir < ir , by inserting the above , you will much ohus-. : he Council of the Association . Toms , in the bonds of onion , Hesbt HiG 5 £ » -, sub-Secretary , Barker ' * Yard , St . John ' s-rtreet , Colne . Coiz * .. May 21 , 1813 .
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10 Hi :- GBACE THE DTTKE OF WELLINGTONMi Lord , —Mat it Please Tors " ( Jracz , — Havir ^ wad yonr reply to a goestion pot by the Earl of Roo-tj in the Bouse of Lords , in reference to the agitav . au of a Repeal of the legislature Union , and feeling ht -. r- f-Ii satisfaction at the instant response which your Graces unfriendly remark ? drew from the loyers of lifcertj , I may be permitted , through the medium ef She Xo' - ^ f -a Star , to convey to yow Grace my humble opiniin- . f yoai Grace ' sannouncement ; and Srineonvistion ef ; is ireflieaey to suppress the voice of justice which is p = sling its thundering echoes on the guilty zousci&nc ; of a iluve-creatine Government .
1 an . jrtrfectiy aware that your Gnre is a Duke , aBd « ms * v- *^ 5 removed in the scale cf society to a grest distaTio : fr m your Grace ' s correspo . ideEi ; hut even on this y- > A :. t I do not envy toe ? title er the means by which j- a cqnired it- But as I bear the image of your CJod or ry brow , and lay claim for birth to the land which . -c seem to forget was once your home , 1 feel that I ai-. not only justified , bur that it is my duty to do the i : r . ' : e I can in ihe cause which , . next to life , a genuine Irishman -values most dearly . It is iioi the & 3 t time that Ireland suffered donga the treachery of her children , and witnessed ihe fact cf her HBgrateful son 3 selling not only themselves but her , for a " Mess of Pottage" ; nor must your Grice be angry if history hand you down to posterity ss an advocate for injustice and a voluntary eieca' . JoBTT of its edicts .
Y © it Grace mast certainly bs aware of the fact lhat Irrla . - . d never was conquered by force of aims , and thai even the Union was not fairly obtained , and consequently the Government bare no just claim to retrin icai which was as illegally acquired , as it is fra ^ crci ' rBily po = sesed . As a Christian your Grace should be aware of the command *• To give evciy one hi = own , " and the precept , * To do unto others as you wi-uld men should do unto you . " Mother Chert" u ? ns all this into jour Grace ' s ears , and your Grace : nu-t nibniit to her ** Anathema" unless yon abide by t er injunctions . Bnt what signifies the old lady ' s remonstrance--the political conscience predomiiia :- * ovrrthe religions , and the thunders of scriptural denunciation are drowned in the anticipated roar oi artillery , which , under the anspices of your Grace , threatens to sweep out « f existence the people of a t ^ rs-cuted country , and blot out her jiarse from amoni .-.-t the nations cf the eanh .
Verijy . yoar Grace mus ; have forgotten the tactics of the General in having thus prematurely exposed jonr plan of action , and by forgetting that prudence is the better part of valour . As a military man , your Grace has acted wrong in shewing your weakness to tbe enemy ; and , as a politician , I would , wiiho'j ; meaning any offvnee , say it is a very noisy but il ] - * drised exhibition of factious spirit , aad is xecre remarkable for froth than wisdom . Yo : ir Grace may have ¦ witnessed the per / brmaace of a farce , entitled ** Bomb&stes Furioso , " and if eo , perhaps remember how the hero of tbe scene hangs up his boots and vaontingly proclaimsu Whoever does those boot 3 displace Snail meet Bombastes face to face , "
And then struts off the stage with tbe little drummer \ i hi ? heels beating a march on a piece of sheepskin by way of accompaniment to hi 3 movement . This , i i ; rint , is rather a comical likeness of a General sr :-i a . Doie , Trho has been the conqueror of Kapoieon , and the instrument in" the hands of a despot to crush the rising spirit of contmeutal liberty ; bnt if your Gra . ce will only riew yoar-Bdf ir . tbe dear mirror of imperishable jastice and nusunicd train you will soon perceiTe tb . e resemblance to be perfect—Whoever will not hold hi 3 peace Shall meet old BouB-ast face to face .
Bnt , now mark , my Lord Duke ! When tie voice of pa ' s-ic opinion Ebill have concentrated the moral enerj ^ -As of tbe millions whom you would annihilate , the bombastic threats of the entire host of modern Foriofw will be hushed ; and when retreat will be necessary , there will be more drummers than one to beat up the hearts of you * dispirited companions to some sceb enlivening tune as tbe ' Jiogoe ' a march , ' ' er perhaps the more appropriate strain of There you go with yoor pye out . " This , my Lord Duke , will most positively be the end of all jour projects , and 1 will now be so plain as to tell yon wby 1 venture to propheej yoor discomfiture .
As your Grace is doubtless conversant with the history of the Irish people , I will refer you to its pages for proof whether tyranny in aay shape , either political , TefigiooE , or military ever succeeded * in its attempts to stifle the cry for justice , or could bind the spirit of liberty which soared abore misfortune , and f rew mighty even amid the din of persecution ; sod which at this moment , like a harbinger of peace , spreads her -SS ^ ia over her devoted children . Your Grace may seek in vain for an example through the black catalogue of one hundred years of bitter sufferings , nor will you find by a reference to the more modern portion of that period , nor even ¦ while your Grace has figured as a persecutor of his brethren , a proof that violent threats ox measures have been of any avail , or could either terrify into submission or compel that people to acknowledge ihe power whieh crushed them to ba aught save tyrannical and UDJasi .
Your Grace ' s opposition to the Catholic Emancipation Bill ib still remembered , and all classes of honest men can Bee in your attempts upon the liberties of tfce Irish , the certain basis of your own and Party ' s abandonment of yonr position , and unqualified accession to the demands of an injured and too long insulted people . The opposition and violent declamatioBs of faction against the measure of emancipation , nulled away like vapour before the morning ran , and even the great General whose titles are wntten in tbe blood of liberty ' s heroes , and whose hear t ib aa callous as the iron-boltB which paved his way to a Dukedoa , was constrained to yield to the force of public opinion , and acknowledge himself defeated by the ttoral tughl of an invincible people . Yonr Grace will also remember the Irish neonls
kave leaned by sad experience , the fact that the Government hare invariably , as in the present case , Its * goaded them to breachee of the peac 2 , and then inflicted premeditated vengeance on the heads of ihe aggressor . History bears ample testimony to the troth of this assertion , nor can your Grace escape the imputation of wantonly throwing down tbe gauntlet as a stimulus for Irishmen to pick it up . But , thank God , that day is gone -by ; ihe people have on a former occasion drma your Grace from what yon considered a tenable position , and by no other means save moral force , and have little now to dread from faction , whateTer shape it may assume , provided they are roe to each othtr and ihe canso Trhich binds then . Th :- Irish havt grown BPie wise and temperate , to be afraid of your
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Grace ' s physical display , and treat with merited contempt the efforts of your Grace ' s satelitea , to prompt them to deeds which would plunge themselves and country into the horrors of % civil war , and only suit the purposes of the parties who are base enough to propagate it . How could your Grace , as an Irishman , listen to tbe vile and diabolieal announcement of the Earl of Roden—** That the people of Ulster were still sound and loyal , and ready to do in 1843 what they had so effectually done in 1798 , " when yon must know that his Lordhhip meant that they were ready " to wade knee-deep in Papist blood , " to support a cruel system of Government—to uphold a church ascendancy , and to perpetuate , as a national
grievance , "the glorious , pious , and immortal memory" of their darling William , the father of the Orange faction , whose "war-cry is , " War to the Papists , and blood to the knife , " and whose motto ia the two greatest evils of the Empire , " Church and State , and no surrender" 1 The Roden ? , the Jocelyni , the Lansdownes , the Dowashires , and even the sapient Broughams , echo back the cry of extermination , and death , or gagging is to be lavished on all who dare to raise their voice against injustice or breathe a prayer for the success of poor , unhappy , persecuted and degraded Ireland . But mark tfee warning ! The venom of their malice will recoil on their own gailty head 6 ; and those who ia power would bury their assassin daggers in the bosoms of
their prostrate victims will in the day of retribution , " call upon the mountains to cover them" from the wrath of an avenging people . Your hostile preparaiions are unnecessary ; there will not be any more such scenes as 1798 presented . We will have no wholesale murder—no " walking gallows , " or patriots suspended by the neck on Bloody Bridge , with the barbarous inscription of " Durham Mus : ard" attached to their persons as a proof of the sanguinary dispositions of a regiment bearing the unenviable name of the " Durham Militia . " We will have no more burning 3 , rapes , and brutalities , h «* confiscations o { propertj to enrich the despoiled . Ko , no , my Lord Dake , the " schoolmaster has been abroad , " and tveu the children of the humblest
peasant are hourly acquiring a knowledge of the evils of the past and the remedies for the future ; and I would say to yoar Grace , yon ought , if no other circumstance induce you , if the dictates of common sense do not teach you , or shame for being an enemy to your country ' s freedom , make a merit of necessity , as formerly , and grant , with becoming grace , that ja < t concession which will not , cannot be refused when asked for , as the Irish \ riu ask for it , and as the peeple of England and Scotland will ask for it at the same time . Your Grace must not be deceived . The people of the empire sympathise with their Irish brethren , and forgettiDg minor differences will , to crush the common enemy , aid them in tbe
hour of need , and complete the triumph of principle that right shall aehieve a victory over might , and bury for ever beneath the weight of its own corruptions the evils of misrule and class dominion . If your Giace will place the two great questions of Emancipation and Reform in juxta-position with the Union , there will be little doubt of the result of your Grace ' s it flections regai ding the Repeal agitation . Let me , therefore , while it is yet time , intreat your Grace to consider that your efforts to suppress the spirit of liberty in Ireland , and through her to rivet the chains of English slavery , are as fruitless and unavailing as for your single arm to catch the moon and harl it at their heads , and your hostile dispositions as unnecessary as 1 rela > t >' s claim to ubkbtt
is jrsi . I am , my Lord , Your Grace ' s obedient servant , And one of your persecuted but unconquerable country meo , Yeritas .
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THE LA ^ XASTER TRIALS . The Seventh and last Number of this popular work is now published , and on Monday next will be published a Number containing Holes cpon the Trial , and a review of the causes which led to the outbreak of last year . This 2 s amber will also contain a Portrait from a bUel EngraTisg of Baron Rolfb , which presents a most striking likeness of tbe ** Just Judge , " together with an errata and General Index .
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REPEAL OF THE UNION . Bt reference to our present Number , the reader may learn the position of the respective belligerents , and will , doubiless , without any suggestion of out ' s , draw his own concluiions as to the probable issue of the struggle . It is our duty , however , as journalists , no : only to register our own opinion , but to collate for our readers all those matters and facts which are likely to operate upon the minds of
the respective parties . Since we last wrote upon this subject , then , we have had an opportunity of witnessing the amount of respect with which the English Minister ' s declaration of war was received in the Irish camp . We have also the answer given by the Ministers of Peace to the Minister at War . We have furthermore the declaration and registered vow 3 of the subalterns of tb # moral army of Irishmen in an wer to ihe anticipations of the local blood-suckers . ' We are united , " gays the Lord Bishop of Ardagh
—" we are resolved , " says the pastor of Mallow — " we are determined , " respond the Irish people . Oar next and greatest consideration then is , how , and in what manner , this struggle is to proceed and terminate . Heretofore the public mind was led to believe , and we were amongst those who gave credence to the assertion , that the question of Repeal was one which may be used according to the caprice of Mr . O'Conxell himself ; and , so long as that notion prevailed , the discussion and consideration of the qu £ 3 tion was likely to be confined within very narrow limits , and , when dangerous , to be crushed without exciting any considerable amount of sympathy for the sufferers . It would seem
however—and with pleasure we perform this act of justice—that Mr . O'Conmsll , supposing that all Irish redress was centred in the restoration of a Parliament , lent a willing assistance towards the completion of those measures which , in their workings , he was aware would be deiuaive and unpopular . The end being great and glorious—being , in fact , the restoration of hia country , and the destruction of the power of that band of surpliced ruffians by whom her ruin was ensured , justify the means—an apology which Churchmen use for the success of the worst of undertakings when accomplished by the most diabolical means , and which we are justified in using when the end is glorious , and the means justifiable ,
We learn , however , from the Freeman ' s Journal , that the question is now a national question—one which may be made in Mr . O'Commkll ' s hands tbe " Aaron ' s rod , " Bwallowing up all others ; bat which can no longer be made the instrument of extracting boons for the few as a means of satisfying tbe many . We are aware that the recent declaration of Mr . O'Coksell as to the means still at the disposal of Government for the suppression of the agitation has caused much doubt and misgiving : and we shall scarcely be saspected of
too mnch confidence in Daxiel ; but , weighing the matter as a whole , we do not feel ourselves justified in coming to th ; conclusion , that the clauses of that speech to which exception has been taken , offered fair ground for impeachment of his sincerity . Mr . O'Coxnell describes the multiplicity of circumstances , each of which in its individual character , swells the nation ' s voice , and becomes a whole in the national demand . '" One section of Repealers , " says he , " may be taken from the agitation by such concessions , and another portion by the concession
of something else ; and thus , by redressing grievances , I may be thereby reduced from a giant ' s strength to a dwarfish weakness . " In nona of these concessions , however , which , if granted to the full , do we recognise one single boon foi the people . The ; would be but sops t « sections which , when satisfied , would again xetnr * to the ranks of domestic faction , and whose alliance mu 9 t be preserved at an expense too great even for a strong Government . The natural inference , therefore , which we draw from this recent declaration of Mr . O'Cohkell when couPled with the more
recent avowal of the Catholic Hierachy of Ireland , made through one of the most influential of their ; body—the avo ^ il of the Rev . Mr . Collins , to ^ e ! her ! wiih tbe at * esta : ion of the Freeman ' s Journal , is j that Mr . O'Connell r = ed ii as a mean ? of celinta ' . ing to i ^ e Irish rrina ;' ne multiplicity of ^ totio * nvder ' wuieh thesatJOJi ji-ffend , and the > in ? u «! bi : iiy t .
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the English Legislature conceding any such measures of relief as would be satisfactory to the several sections he described , and at the same time palatable to the * ' imperium in imperio , " the intolerant rampant State Church faction . His meaning , as we take it , may be rendered thus : —You see the multiplicity of our wrong 3 , can you redress them , and ensure us against their recurrence ' . ?* -or ate you willing to
place us in a situation in which we may do bo 1 or are you prepared to set the hazard upon a single cast by attacking us in our fastnesses , by forcing us into a physical resistance , and thus once more raise the bloody standard , which can only be struck by the accomplishment of our country ' s freedom , and which you have yet the opportunity to avoid by a timely concession to that natioBal demand , whieh not all the powers at your disposal can long successfully resist V
One of the greatest difficulties that the Repeal party will have to contend against in England , is tbe ignorance of the English press upon the general question . It will be difficult without the assistance of that power to convey the fact to the minds of the English middle classscs , that a great portion of their burdens are occasioned by this expensive Union . It may take some time to convince the English working classes that in consequence of this very Union , the Irish emigrants banished from . their own country , are not only competitors in the English labour market—that
they are recipients of between twenty millions and thirty millions a year—but that they constitute a large reserve for the English masters to fallback upon . " O ! " says one sapient writer , " capital will never flow into that country so long as agitation is permitted . " "O I" says another , and we confess with more plausibility , " what , repeal the only bond of strength you have , when ycur greatest curse is domestic discord ! " In answer to the first observation , we reply that the Union has so paralysed industry and abstracted capital ; that the domestio tyrants have so abandoned their trust , leaving their duties to be performed by land-sharks and lawsharks ; that penury , want of tenure , want of law , want of security—and not agitation—forbids the
capitalist to venture upon speculation . Talk of danger , indeed , when we find that the heat of the torrid , and cold of the frigid zone—that dread of raging civil war—the distance of country and the disadvantages of clime are no barriers to the English speculator . Moreover , has Ireland never been tranquil ! and have her peaceful invitations never been accepted by the English capitalist ? Has any Government , the uiobt paternal and fostering , tried these means of preserving peace and upholding dominion , the paltry exercise of which is looked upon as a palliativb and last resource , instead of being relied upon as a means for preserving power I The only capital which can be successfully expended in Ireland is the capital of Irish labour expended upon Irish resources ; but this ever has been and ever will bo rendered insecure and
abortive so long as Government patronage and Church preferment remain more lucrative than landed property let at rack-rent , and abused for the purpose of forging votes , by which Government Patronage may be upheld , and which can only be destroyed by restoring to Ireland that protection which will consist in an honest emulation to be the first in moral example , domestio culture , and national improvement .
As to the second objection , and which appeared in an article in last Sunday ' s Dhpatch , and which we are willing to admit , is the most poworful that has as yet appeared in opposition to the Irish claimswe answer thus—the domestio disunion by which Ireland is afflicted , is a consequence of that Legislative bond by which the wealthy classes of both countries , and especially the united Churches , are bound—that the object of the English Minister , and of the English oligarchy has ever been to uphold imperial unity by domestic disunion , whereas the overpowering weight of popular opinion brought immediately to bear upon the acts of a domestio Legislature , would have the instantaneous effect of paralizing the arm
of faction and of creating a strong bond of union as the only means by which this power oould be preserved and profitably used . We are aware that all the objects likely to be achieved by a Repeal of the Union are sot calculated to wed a plundering aristocracy to the measure , any more than the Reform Bill , which threatened destruction to tho Tory party , was calculated to win the affection of that body . So it ever Iris been , and so it ever will be . A great organio change or administrative improvement , be the anticipated results ever 60 beneficial , will have their supporters and their opponents—those who support expecting some advantage—thoBe who oppose expecting some disadvantage .
Upon the Repeal of the Union , however , wo put a very different construction , because we defy any man of common sense to point oat ono single grievance which it would be likely to destroy , and which should continue—while furthermore we contend , that by that measure alone , that is by the Repeal of the Union , can the connexion between the two countries by possibility continue to exist , while under its influence all the grosser prejudices of
a domineering faction would be placed in abeyance , and give way to the exercise of calm reflection and honest conviction . However the struggle may terminate , reason and justice point oat oar course , and the course of the people . Whether the invaders tender the olive branch , and thereby save all the horrors of a civil war , or whether the natives , assailed in their peaceful camp , are compelled to return the charge , our cry 6 hall be " Union and victory—peace and courage . "
We say to the Irish , forget not the all-absorbing interests that are at stake . Remember that you are Irishmen !—that Ireland i 8 your country , given to you by your God , with hi 3 command that you "honour your father and your mother , thai your days may be long in the land which he has given yon . " We say to Englishmen , there is a oneness , an identity of interests between us , the Chartists of England , and the serfs of Ireland ; and we should be guilty of an abandonment of duty , of gross inconsistency , were we not to aid them in their struggle for freedom . Prejudice has kept thousands of our Irish brethren aloof from us ; but let us not practice a conduct tewards them which we pronounced unjust when evinced towards us .
O'Connell is now at the head of the brave Repealers ; he has unquestionably taken a bold stand , and we must not be idle because of his past history ; but we ought , and must , strive to remove every stumbling-block that may impede the onward progress of ihe chariot of Democracy . We know that many still suspect the sincerity of O'CowfELL ; and we shall not at present touch upon the ground whereon such suspicion is founded . We
are willing to think better of him , and to believe that he is in earnest ; that ho does , at all events , mean the thing now ; we put the best constructions upon every man ' s acts and explanations of which they are susceptible , and we see so reason why Mr . O'Con'nell should form an exception to the rule . But , even if there were the best grounds for distrusting Dam , we entreat all lovers of the cause to bear in mind the fact that
THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND ARE DETERMINED ; they are not joking about it ; they are seriously bent upon repeal : they have O'Connkll at their head with hia own consent ; wk ark in duty bound TO ASSIST THEM IN THE OOOD FIGHT ; AND
IRELAND AND ENGLAND COMBINED WILL MAKE DANIEL KEEP HIS POST . Keep him at the head , and he cannot retreat , save into the arms ef a people who , at all times , know how to repay a traitor . We imp ! ore , therefore , of all Chartists tosuspord their lg . j , ; cions , and give O'Connell and Inland what they arc each entitled to—the former a fair trial , and th ? - latter vbxir coraial help and co-operation .
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THE " DOGBERRIES "; COMPLETE SUFFRAGE ; AND NATIONAL EDUCATION . In our Parliamentary notices , our readers will find a report of Mr . Doncombe ' s motion for enquiry into the conduct of the gang of insolent Whig Squires and Parsons who defile the "Justice Hall " of Cheshire , and their myrmidon Burgess , of Knutsford hell-hole ; of Mr . Sharhan Crawford ' s motion for a Bill for the better representation of the people , and of Mr , Roeduck ' s motion on the subject of National Education . These are all important subjeofcs , and we had written an article on each , but find that the length at which we give the Irish
Repeal movements leaves us no space for their insertion . Our readers will peruse the speeches on the respective motions of Mr . Duncombe and Mr . Crawford with great interest : the former especially will furnish to them yet one more proof , in addition to the countless list already chronicled , of the very spirit and embodytnent of middle class sympathy , and Whig preference for democracy ; yet another proof that tho Charter muse be had—the people must have power to appoint their own magistrates , and to control as well o . s make the laws for their own governmeut—before they can find a ghost of a shadow of justice . The insolence of those Cheshire Whig Dogberries is really unique .
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J . Sheurard . —His notice ts so expressed that it is impossible for us to say whether he intends the mcetiny to be on Wednesday or Friday next . . Junii / 8 . —His " plan" is received , and xoillprobably appear . Caroline Maria Williams . — We admire our fair friend's object in the communication she has sent us , and the honest seal with which she seeks it j but we fear that the mind of the Chartist public is not disposed to appreciate it . The Demonstration Defaulters . — Mr . Rnffey Ridley writes in reply to Me > srs . Caior and Ford , insisting that they , and not the parties lo whom they may have sold tickets , are responsible for the ' val ie of the tickets . He sends also a
balancesheet , from which it seems that Mr . Ford is indebted to the amount of 11 * . Gd . lie really must have no more of this unpleasant personality . A Constam Reader and Chartist , Edinburgh , should have given us his name . Mr . John Pepper writes to &ay , that on the 30 / ft of April , while preaching in the open air , at Hiden Hill , he was subjected to gross annoyance and insult from a policema ? i , who encouraged some blackguard fellows to disturb the congregation , by talking and jabbering , sayinp that they had as much right to talk as he had . Ultimately they were obliged to give up the meeting . Another meeting was held subsequently in the yard of a good man , named Morris , who , himself standing
at the gate , kept out the police and their myrmidons , ant . so enabled the Chartists to hold their meeting peaceably . Morris was afterwards severely bullied and threatened by some puppy who called himself " Mr . Conk , the magistrate . " The Chartists of Tiverton have had printed very handsomely , in green and red letters , Mr . O'Higqins ' s collection of "legal and other opinions on CAnrlism , " fr im the Star of April 22 nd . They suggest a like course to all Chartist bodies . Bristol Chartists . — We have not room for their address . They will see that we have announced their purposed delegate meeting .
James Hirst , Hevwood . —Mr . Cleave s hats art always inserted as they reach us . Thohas Stabkky of Stokk upon-Trent , wishes us to slate his claims on the Chartist public for assistance . He was arrested in September last bail was refused fo <• him ; he was tried in October last and acquitted ; his defence cost him . £ 50 out of his own pocket ; and he is , besides this , minus 35 s . as Chartist Treasurer . Thomas Smith , Liverpool . —His letter is received . If he will oblige us with his address , he shall hear Jrom us privately . Charles Thorp , Birmingham . — We really cannot answer the question which he has propounded to us : we have no data on which to rely .
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«•> A Subscriber , Asmton-under-Lyne , has in the Subscription LiBts ail tbe information that we can give him . All h&a been noticed that has come to this effiee . FOR THE NATIONAL DEFENCE FUND . £ s . d . From the Chartists , Morley G i 6 „ an old Radical . Leeds ... 0 0 6 „ S . Tudgey , Monkton Deveril 0 3 0 .. the Chartists of Mere 0 2 6 „ Thomas Girret , Kingston Deveril ... 0 0 4 „ a few Constant Readers , Middleton , near Manchester 0 5 0 „ four Chartists at Sbeernesa , Kent , ... 0 9 4 „ the Whole-Hog Chartists , West End , Leeds ... ,. 0 6 10 „ William Johnson , Leeds 0 2 0 „ a friend , Leeds 0 0 9 ,. Calico Printers , Belfleld Hall , near Kucndale , per Mr . Hill o 15 10 two friends at Bury , per Mr . Hill ... 0 2 6 _ Bolten— profit on twelve hymn books bought at Mr . Hill ' s lecture on Monday evening ... ... 6 1 6 _ Rochdale—profit on thirty-six hymn books bought at Mr . Hill ' s lecture on Tuesday evening 0 4 6
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FURTHER BALANCE SHEET OF THE VICTIM FUND COMMIITEEIN LONDON UP TO WEDNESDAY , May 24 th . EECEIPTS . £ 8 d Mr . Bateman ' s book 0 5 2 J Mr . Shaw ' s do 1 10 0 Mr . Dunnage do 0 3 4 Mr . James do 0 2 13 Mr . Charles do . of Bow 0 9 8 Mr . Skidmore do 0 2 0 Delegate meeting , City 0 5 . 0 Paddington locality ... 0 4 0 Golden Lion locality , per Mr . Cuffay ... 0 16 Mr . Marden ... 0 0 6 A Working Man , Windsor 0 6 0 Mr . Rowland , Coggeshall-atreet 0 10
£ 3 10 8 $ EXPENDITURE . Paid to Mr . Cooper fr 15 0 Paid to Mr . Richards ' 0 1 . 5 0 Paid to Mr . Harney 0 7 0 Paid to Mr . M'Cartney 0 7 0 Paid to George White 0 19 0 Overpaid in last account 0 0 6 Expencos ... ... 0 0 2 £ 3 3 8 In hand 0 7 O . £ 3 10 8 £ Friends . —Desirous of assisting this committee in giving some kind of permanent support to George White and others of our persecuted countrymen in London , are requested to meet the committee and add to its numbers on Wednesday evening next , at eight o ' clock , at Mr . Hawkins , Crown and Anchor , Farriugdon-street . By order , R . Ridley , Secretary .
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TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR JAMES GRAHAM . Sir , —As the subject of the factory question comes on for discussion in the House of Commons this week , and as facts are very valuable , and particularly on such an agitated subject , on which there are bo many different opinions , you will perhaps excuse me taking the liberty of addressing you on this very important subject , and pointing out to you that the present bill , now before the House , with its twelve hours ' clause , actually means sixteen and a half or seventeen hours per day .
And now , sir , to the proof . On Friday morning last , I arose at four o ' clock , am ., for the purpose of ascertaining what number of factory workers passed s certain inlet into the town of Bradford , at a certain place , within one and a half miles of tke town . I took up my station at five o ' clock , and the first person that passed me was a female , who was going to her work at six minutes past five o ' clock , and then they passed me in rapid succession until ten minutes to Bix o ' clock ; the whole number of factory workers who passed me during the time was three hundred and forty-six , and Otlt of that number three hundred and seventeen were females .
Now , Sir James , a great number of these people had to come , before they reached me , a distance of two miles , and some of them more , so that they would not have been in their beds , that morning , later than halfpast loot . o ' clock ; they then have to work until halfpast aevea o ' clock at night ; so that it would be impossible tot them to reach home until nine o ' clock at night , leaving seven and a half hours for sleep , recreation , education , religion , and for learning other domestic duties at home , bo as to make them useful members of society .
Now , Sir James , to make this case doubly sure , I have thia day enquired of one of the females who past me on the morning alluded to , and she informed me that she got up at , half-past four o ' clock in tha morning , and reached home again at nine o ' clock at night ; thus leaving seven and a half hours out of the twenty-four . So that , instead of the present bill before the house being a Twelve Hours' Bill , to those parties it is a sixteen and a half or seventeen hours * Bill . And , pray remember , Sir James , that out of those 346 , no less a number than 317 were females , who have that distance to travel through the stormy blasts of winter , sometimes wet to the skin , and then commence working with their clothes drying on their baeks : and this is only one inlet into the town of Bradford—there are abou" twelve altogether .
What then , Sir James , is to be done ? Are there to be no feelings of humanity shown to the female portion of society ? Are we still to ba worse in England than the black slaves , or is there to be some amelioration in the long hours of the factory working population ? Sir James , do consider before the twelve hours clause passes ; and follow the example of the noble-minded Ashley , in endeavouring to shorten the hours of the factory workers , by getting inserted in the bill a ten instead of a twelve hours clause ; and I am sure , the blessing of God will follow your humane and charitable act .
Sir , I hava been engaged this last week in canvassing thia subject among the master manufacturers of this town , and a great number have signed a petition for a Ten Heura * Bill , considering how it was ones opposed by them ; but numbers declare they will never sign a petition again on any subject whatever ; they say a deaf ear is turned to all petitions , and therefore it ia of no uae whatever . And when one individual master manufacturer was asked to sign the petition , he said , " Yes , I will ; but them d—d thieves in London ( alluding to Parliament ) will never pass it until there is a sword taken to them . "
Sir James , what a horrible state of things is this to be in , and all because attention has not been paid to the petitions of the people , and this , too , from the middle class , ( and the working classes are tbe same . ) They say let Parliament make laws as oppressive and tyrannical as they please , there will soon be an end to all law makers , for we might as well petitiou the rock of Gibraltar as the House of Commons . Now , Sit James , what is to be done ? Ia a deaf ear still to be turned to the cr \ e 3 of those that cannot help themselves ( the factory workers ) ? Are the petitions of tens of thousands that have haen presented on this important subject still to be of no avail ? If so , then I have no hope for the country . Daring the last election I laboured hard to place you and your colleagues in office ; but if this is to be the or . ler of tbe day , then farewell conservatism . '
I am an elector of tho borough of Bradford and for the West Riding of the County of York . I have wrought in the factory cause these last six or seven years , —I am not , therefore , ignorant of the workings of the factory system . I have superintended a Sunday Scheol belonging to the Church of England a number o ( years ; and , during that time , have visited many of the death-beds of my Sunday scholars , who , when I first knew them , were as blooming in health as the flowers in May ; but I can testify that the long hours of factory labour brought on consumption , and soon laid them on a bed of affliction , which ended in death . Do then , Sir James , as you have the power , intercede for the poor factory workers , by getting inserted in the Factory Bill now before the House , ten instead of twelve hours' clause ; and that God may prosper youi work is tbe hearty prayer of Yout obedient servant , Squire Auty . Manchester Road , Bradford , May 32 , 1843 .
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Manchester . —On Wednesday evoning . Mr . James Liach delivered a lecture in the Brown-street room , subj-ct , " No Monopoly and Fiee Trade . " Several persons asked questions of the lecturer which he answered to the entire satistaction of the au ienco . After jfvhioh a vote of thanks wa- > given to the lecturer , and a vrry hantfsome collection made tor the Victim Fund , when the people separated . Middllton . —Tho Chartists of this place held thtir usual wetkly meetiDg in tha Association Koom , Mill-street , on Monday evening last , Atkr iho business oi' tbe Association was i ?> u ^ U ' . i : v- Ji 3 a , several uov membeis were enrolled .
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BIRMINGHAM . —A meeting of the General Council was held at Aehton-street , on Sunday Mr Thornton in the chair . The minutes of the previous meeting having been read and confirmed , a letter was read from Mr . George White , when it was resolved that the friends of that gentleman should be called together on Wednesday evening next , to form a committee for the purpose of collecting subsoriptions , so that he may be enabled to keep himself during his incarceration . Mr . John Mason * addressed a large and enthusiastic meeting of the working men of Birmingham , at Duddeston-row , on Sunday morning last , and another in the afternoon , on the ground belonging to tbe People ' s Hall , which gave general satisfaction to the multitude assembled .
Birmingham Chartist TailObs . —A meeting of the Chartist tailors was held on Monday evening , in the large room of the Royal Oak Inn , Little Charles-street , for the purpose of hearing a lecture bv Mr , John Mason , on " the duty of Trades' Unions making common cause with the millions of their suffering fellow countrymen , to procure their amp le share of representation in the Legislature , as the only means of guaranteeing for their labour and skill an equitable remuneration . " Mr . John Burton was called to the chair , and opened the meeting by briefly stating the business of the evening . He
then called on Mr . Mason , who , in a clear and spirited address , proved to the satisfaciion of his audience the utter impossibility of the working classes receiving any permanent benefit from , or protection to Trades' Unions , until such time as the whole people have the control over the making of the laws by which they are governed , and which could not be until the People ' s Charter was the law of the land . The thanks of the meeting having been given to Mr . Mason for his able address , Messrs . Burton , Neale , Valoise , Wycombe , and Tnorp were elected as committee of management for
the Association . DUBLIN . —Irish Universal Sofjrage Association . —At the usual weekly meeting of this Association , held in the Great Rooms , North Ann street , on Sunday last , speeches of the most conciliatory character were delivered by Messrs . O'Higgins , Dyott , &c , on the subject of Repeal and a determination evinced by all present to aid and assist their countrymen in the present struggla for nationality , while as Chartists they firmly
believed that even that chango would bo inadequate to tbe wants of the producing classes , and would continue to contend for the adoption of the Charter , till that document became the law of the land Mr . Hill's last article on the Repeal was read , and loudly applauded ; and an English gentleman who was present , in handing in his subscription , declared that the unanimous feeling of his Chartist brethren was with the Irish ; they were willing to forget and forgive all , and join in the general exertion for an extension of human rights .
NOTTINGHAM . —The Chartists met at the Democratic Chapel on Sunday jmorning , Mr . John Skerrett in the chair ; the following resolutions were unanimously passed : — " That a petition be presented to the House of Commons relative to the treatment of Thomas Cooper , who is now confined in Stafford Gtol . " " That a camp meeting he held on Nottingham Forest on Whit-Sunday , wheaMr . Bairstow and several other speakers will address the meeting . " An able and soul-stirring address was delivered in the above chapel on Monday evening , by Mies Eliza Blatherwick , to a crowded audience ; after whiah a collection amounting to 6 s . 3 Jd . was made in aid of the Sunday-school heldintbQ above chapel established by Misses Abbott .
A Chartist Tea Party will take place in Mr . Bean ' s rooms , Parliament Row , Nottingham , tbe proceeds to go to the Local Victim Fund . Tickets may be had of Mr . John Mitchell , at the Democratic Chapel ; Mr . Rogers , No . 11 , Narrow Marsh ; Swan ' s CoSee House , Drury Hill ; Rollett ' s Star Coffee House , corner of Queen-street ; and of Air . Thomas Stunford , 27 , Oldham-street , at ninopence each . LONDON . —At a Public Meiting of the Chartists of Bloomsbury on Tuesday evening , at theii new room , 23 , Chapel-place , Mr . R . Clinch in the chair , after the usual business was gone into , a resolution was carried , calling upon the Finsbory Conference Committee to meet at the above room , on Thursday next , at eight o ' clock , to come to a final settlement . Mr . Watts is particularly requested to attend .
Tower Hamlets . —A public meeting was held at the Carpenters' Arms , Brick-lane , Mr . Ogden in the chair . It wa < i unanimously agreed to hold a public meeting next Sunday evening , at eight o ' clock precisely , at the above place , to take into consideration the reorganization . The members are earnestly requested to attend . At a Meeting of the Young Men ' s Locality of the National Charter Association , on Sunday evening last , Mr . Dyer in the chair , Mr . W . Spri ^ more moved , and Mr . Mallard seconded , "That a committee of five persons be appointed , with power to add to their number , for the purpose of raising funds for the support of Mr . G . White , during his stay of eight months in the Queen ' s Bench . "—Carried . It was also agreed that 2 s . 6 d . be given to the Committe from the funds of the association . Messrs . Bateman , Sprigmore , Mallard , Dyer , and Humphries , were appointed .
The South London Locality met at the Rotunda , as usual , on Monday last . Considerable business was transacted , and it having been intimated that Mr . O'Connor was not a member of the General Council , Mr . Knighton , after eulogizing the patriotic and noble conduct of cur tried friend , moved" That Feargus O'Connor , Esq . be nominated as councillor , " which was seconded by Mr . Morton , and unanimously carried ; after whfch , 'Mr . J . B . Smith delivered a talented and effective lecture on onr present position . Dr . Lobski , Mr . Skelton , and Mr . Knighton subsequently addressed the meeting , which did not terminate till nearly 12 o ' clock . It was announced that Mr . Stallwood would lecture on Monday next ; Dr . Lowski , on Monday week ; and Mr . Knighton on the following Monday . Three new members were enrolled .
Rei-bal of the Union . —Mr . O'Connor lectured on this subject , on Wednesday evening , at the City of London Political and Scientific Institution , to a crowded audience . We have received a very long report of his lecture , which we could not , under any circumstances , make room for in our present number ; it shall appear in our next . » SHEFFIELD . —Mr . Harney delivered an address in the Fig-tree Lane room , on Sunday last . Repeal . —The English masses are up and doing . Tho government had dared to threaten Ireland vnta new ooercive restraints , and while Ireland hurls defiance in tho teeth of her mortal for , the bngiisn people cry " forward " to the rescue . National antipathies aad bigotted prejudices , the disgrace ot our fathers ia days gone by , are buried and forgotten in the shout of fraternity raised ia answer to the ^ miserable threats of Peel and Wellington . On
Monday evening last , the discussion on the wrongs of Ireland" was resumed . The Fig-tree Lane room was crowded almost to suffocation . A large aam&flr of the sons of the Emerald Isle were present , previous to tho chair being taken , Mr . Boyston reao the leading articles from the Northern Star aniTtne Nation of Saturday last ; the sentiments ot Dotn were loudly applauded . At eight o ' clock , Mr . Clayton was called to the chair , and opened tne business in a neat speech , picturing the wrongs oi the Irish people , and the duty of Englishmen aiaing them in their righteous struggle tor seagovernment . Mr . Edwin Gill then moved , seconded by Mr . George Evinson » the following resolution . — " That this meeting views with sorrow ana mdigna'ion the oppression to which the people oi Ireland have been subjected for the past seven centuries—an oppression which , ia the nameot me Dresent generation of Englishmen , this meeting
repudiates ajd condemns ; and , considering « t ° ?" tun bounden duty of every lover of liberty to am the destruction of despotism , no matter in what country , or under what form it may exist , hereby expresses its sympathy with tho long-suffering sous ot Mih , and solemnly protests against any coercive interference , on the part of the Government , with tne just , necessary , and constitutional agitation for a Repeal of the Legislative Union . " Mr . Harney sugge 3 red that , before putting the resolution , it was should do
desirable that eoine of their Irish friends heard . Mr . M'Gowan , an ardent and enthusiastic Repealer , addressed the meeting in eloquent an « pathetic term ? . He described the wron * 9 oi nis countrymen , and invoked the aid of all good patriots to assist them . H « was heartily and deservedly cheered . Savaral others of our Repeal friend followed , after which , Mr . Julian Harney spoke ai great length in support of the resolution . 4 resolution was then put and carried by acclamation . Three soul-stirring cheers for Repeal and three tor
the Charter closed the proceedings . Stock p ort . —Mr . E . P . Mead , of Birminghiffl , lectured to the Juvenile Chartists on Tuesday evening , subject , Self-improvement . The meeting was a crowded one ; the old commodore drew their attention to the illustrions men who had risen from the humble walks of life , and urged them to P «» by their bright example , and inflexible perseverance He related many pleasing and highly mstroctive anecdotes of Cobbett , Wm . Penn , Dr . F ranklin , Sir Isaac Newton , Sir Cloudesley Shovel , Captain Cook , Nelson , Dr . Carey , Bloomfield , Clare . Burns , Furgus ? on , Allen Ramsey , HaTdy , Home Toose , Thelwall , and others , and woundup with a touching appeal to the passions and feelings of hia youtntoi auditors , which told well . The meeting was a very good onea ^ well as very spirited .
Todmordf-N . —Mr . John We « t delivered an . inter-( . ting and instructive lectuie to a wry numerous aii « iaitc .: t : > e audience , on Wednesday mgt > t , ^^ 17 h , in thi Odd Fellows Hull , and & * - &o * e ™ ' uisrsf . 'n . He also aidre-sed an <; u : o ? door meeting on bur Jay last , at Siudley Fib , which , u "" S ii . to c < iJ .-: d \ idtion the rain th « . t coittu . ued to ia » ) .,-j-7 - , > - i-ew ' . ioleoftlwduy , aim ilio ftreal distance iLeri ' . Oj » &j very numerously aite > . o >< l .
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^ —^ 5 T > THE EDITOR OF TBE 30 B . TH . ES 3 STAR . Sit —Have the goodnesB just to allow na to state , thrci .- ^ - ^ e medinm of the Star , for tfie satisfaction of the C-itiiv-B Green Chartists , that the sum of Si . Si ., in Bx&- o ^; -rate payments , was received by us towards tbe l > d -- -j Fund , and which ram will not fail duly to sppti- -wbrn the list of snbscripviOEB is putuisbed . This , is ' . * ttl appear in a fortnight , at the farthest , from tL = vreseai dale . Richard Marsdz > , Sub-Secretary . Tri- '^ n , May 22 nd , 1 S 43 .
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^ " : ¦ THE EDIIOB OF THE XOKTHKRS STAR . Si .. — Oa . Monday I was dragged before tbe OnndJe Ben ^^ cf -rbat are called maeistrates , to answer a ehau- ' - : " sedition . George Walter , ar non-elector of OoE . it . compiained , gave information , and swore on Tuesoaj . . he 25 lh of April , that on S \ mday the 23 d April , s .: the parish of Clapthorn , 1 made use ci inflttm « ,-. -y Lu ^ uage , aud &bou § sI ether expressions , said , ¦ tbe Qaeen was a poor tllly girl , and not fit to goverr . " 1 sii . u yoc Ih&t I did not use the language here attril ' - - ' l-- > me . Walter said en oath , on Monday , that 1 ic ' A the people that the Government \ ras not TepTfetrnir-i , £ Bi another fdio" » B"werc that 1 said that the G- TvrsEiexit stood no chazce t-xespt once in seven years , r ^ tJess & fool ef a King or Queen happened to die . £ ' -.. ¦ £ >•? other fool was about to swear to something , but I •• : > r _ iittrd h"n through eoapJaining that this was not e fair trial , he ( Mr . Knight ) having been in the room "txl' . ir the last witness , a tailor , had been giving bis e-rirtce .
Tbe --called Magistrates who should be counsel foi such as cr ^ elf , an undefended prisoner , decided that I -Bra * _ d ^ l sureties in £ 60 , myself in £ 30 , and two other z-ereons in £ 15 each , to keep the peace . Mr . B . Ki : i . s > . jnr much esteemed friend , trho -was 7 " years - -f . : e en Tuesday , came forward trith Mr . M . "WyEi ' jj ! . Fi-ontaneenaiy , J ^ d ihvs I was liberated thjecib ? i ? fciridnewi of these gentlemen , en that day , the 3 " 1 -= - _ 2 nt , aftfci lying one night in Oundie Bride-¦ well , ~ O r = prisoners are only allowed Slbs . of white i > res . u ^ ri cold irater Tritkont meaiure per day . I am , Sir , yours respectfully , Wii-liam Cooper . WelcoE-in-lhe-Woods , 20 th May , 1 S 4 S .
The Borthern Star. Saturday, May 27, 1843.
THE BORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , MAY 27 , 1843 .
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THE STAFFORD VICTIMS . We give the following letters just as we received them . We dare not trust ourselves to write a word of comment—not a word!—We only Bay , readread I " Stafford Gaol , Wednesday , " May I 7 tb , 1813 . " Dear Hill , —They are murdering me ! Skilly , potatoes—rotten ones , tool—and blue bread , we are to live on 1 I am sure I was nearly mad yesterday , and could not forbear shouting ' murder . ' " No books—no writing ! My p > or wife , I fear , ia dead , for they will not tell me a syllable ! For God ' s sake , alarm—alarm !
"This is a stolen letter . They will not let me petition ! " Your's affectionately , " Thomas Cooper . " " Dear Hill , —Thia letter was conveyed to me by sleight of band , ' with another one . The other letter developes more particulars of his ' being nearly mad . ' From what I hear aud see in the other letter , I fear that should he remain two years in Ibis monstrous bell , surrounded by tyrants such as the present turnkeys are , that ba will be mad , stark mad , or dead , « r « the time is expired !
"Saturday , Sunday , Monday , and Tuesday , he submitted to tbe gaol diet , at least , he ate just as much i as kept life in him On Wednesday morning , [ the pride of his soul arose , ' and be determined to have food , or perish in tbe attempt 1 " He first spoke to the officers . They refused to ask the governor . He then rushed past them , and made his way to tho governor ' s office , and demanded an interview . The governor took no notice of him , when he seized a bludgeon , and played on the door until he broke it . The Governor then came cut , and , in a frightful manner , told bim that he should have coffee , Ac . ; but before anything was brought him , he
was taken to chapel—being then as mad as ever any one was in this world . The moment he Baw the parson- he darted across the chapel , caught bold of bim , and demanded of bim , as a minister of Christ , that be should see him righted ; and otherwise behaved himself so that the parson was nearly frightened to death ! Cooper was at last carried out of the chapel raging stark mad ! and was subsequently placed in the 'black hole ! ' from which they wero soon forced to release him , as bis cries and tbunges were so awful . Immediately two doctors
visited bim , and they were very kind to bim , and recommended that be have milk , butter , a quarter of a pound of animal food daily , fee . ; white the Governor went to Sir James Graham to know what was to be dona . This ' struggle' has nearly cost him bis life ! He is now so ill that he cannot sit without an arm chair ; ami complains of violent pains in his bead and back . I 8 uppasb they mean to drive him mad and murder bim ' . I could write a great deal more , but I am unnerved at the thoughts of it . You may publish the whole of this , if you like , as coming from me . "
Wo suppress the name of our Stafford Correspondent for a very obvious reason . Read , read I Stir , stir ; Mr . Duncombe is waiting for petitions .
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Lord Ashley . —This benevolent and philanthropic nobleman has been kind enough to transmit the sum of one pound ( through Mr . Mark Crabtree ) to Richard PilliDg , of Ashtcn-under-Lyne . The gift Was entirely voluntary on the part of his Lord-6 hip , no solicitation having been made to him whatever . The letter bearing the post office order states that Lord Ashley was exceedingl y well pleased with the speech which was delivered by Mr . Pilling at Lancaster . Mbruk . r—As a man named Mahony , from the neighbourhood of Listry , was retu / ning from tho rcDi-al meeting at Kiilor ^ lin , ou Sunday uight last , ho was waylaid and miadued . It is said that he ) - ' . in = eif had been seven or e \«; H } t ars ago implicated m ihe diath of another person ; audit is supposed lhaf the fiK-nia of that p < isu : > v . raked their vtn-^ eauei on bin when lhey . f und i . iai alcuo and iu ; ' eir power . Tbe Luur-cn ; ri luvo not as yctfbeen Qiscmred . —A ' err . y Pott .
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SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED BY MR . CLEAVE . GENERAL DEFENCE AND VICTIM FUND . £ 8 . d . Previously acknowledged 491 15 11 ^ A few Flax Dressers , Belfast ; 0 6 10 Ludworth , Derby 0 18 2 Mr . J . Russel 0 1 « A Friend ... 0 1 0 Mr . Hennins 0 10 Mr . Caughlan ' s book , Stratford 0 5 9 Mr . Henna and Friends , Somers Town ... 0 8 6 Mra . Dugly ... 0 10 Mrs . Thwaites ; 0 10
Mrs . Pratt ... 0 1 0 Mr . Larkins and Friends 02 3 Mr . J . Hetherington 0 0 6 Daw Green , Dewsbury 0 5 0 Carlisle 10 0 Backup 0 10 0 Mountain , Yorkshire 0 9 0 Retford ... 0 8 0 Kirkfortharfews 0 5 0 Cheapside , near Burnley 0 5 0 Wellintfboro' 0 10 0 Mansfield , Woodhouse , 4 th subscription 110 Shoulder of Mutton , Barkergate , Nottingham ... ... 15 0 Burnley ... 2 0 0 £ 502 11 11 FOB M'DOUAL . £ S . d . Harmonic Meeting , Feathers , Warrenstreet , St . Pancras 10 6 Member * of Democratic Association , Sheffield ... 1 17 6 Female Members of Ditto ... ... o 7 6 £ 3 5 0
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THE NORTHERN STAR .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 27, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct970/page/4/
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