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GLORIOUS PROGRESS OF CHARTISM IN LEEDS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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How are ihey to prevent it j or how are thej mixed-Dp with it at all 1 We will show them . They fcnow , in the first place , that the practice . is unlawful ; and therefore they ire bound to discountenance it , and to adopt means to put it down , if need be : for being practised on their Bfie , they will be sore to ba mixed op with it in publics estimation , and their character , and possibly the interests of the shareholders , will suffer .
In the second place , they know that this is a systemaiised bobbsbt committed by one over whom they hare both control and influence ; and it is their duty to use both control and iDflaenos to protect the men from the rapacity of their law-breaking emj > loyer . In the third plae ^ he haB to depend on iheir aid and assistance to " carry out" his nefarious scheme . He has a van , which he travels on the line from leeds to ilasbro * : and , as we understand , at the
expense of the Company . This Tan is employed to transmit the goods to all parts of the line ; each loan's being pat into a numbered bag , and delivered cut to him , instead of wages . How , the Dibectobs can say whether this tra-re ^ K Tommy-Shop shall travel on iheir line or not . Tnly can interfere here ' at all events I They can refnse " power" to carry ihe scheme oni . This they can do ; and if they do aot do it , to say nothing of the other means by -which ihey could interfere , it will be evident to all that they tank at ihe practice .
"We shall keep as eye on this matter . It is rather a novel case . It is one of the most impudent and ahameles 3 esses of Truck that we have heard of . Generally the practice has slnnk into corners and almost unheard-of places : here it is interwoven into a great public undertaking , in the full blaze of day . "Will it be toleratedj or connived at ! "We EhaH see . §( T Sues She-above -was in type , we hare learned of another case of Tbtjck , in Leeds , which we deem It necessary to expose , in the hope that' either public indignation , or actual prosecution , may force it out of existence .
About a mile out of Leeds , on the Bradford road , stands a large newly-built Machine-making establishment , belonging to a firm trading " , - we believe , under the designation of Whitixk , Brothers . " A little further on , on the opposite side of the road , is a Grocery and Provision Store ,, kept by a person named Hobsksias , brother-in-law to the Whitiams , lie having married their sister . It is understood that HobssmjLs has been "helped" into his shop by ihe "WTTTTTt-Mg j be having been in low water , and dependant on them , for a long time . 2 ? &y , U his own declarations are to be believed , it would ' appear ihat the shop actually belongs to the firm : for he
ha 3 been heard to say , that he derives no profit from it but that he has to account every week , taking his books to the Counting Houte of the " Concern" every Monday ; where , among ether things , it is ascertained whether , or not , each one in their employ has * complied with the obde 3 S given , and "traded" at the Tommy-Shop for his " prog . " An instance occurred very recently , of a man who ! did not go to the shop for geods : and he was waited on . by one of the ¦* Brothers" and given to understand that ** he teas employed in iheir concern , he MC 3 T go to the shop . "
In this case , as in almo 3 t all the case 3 of Truck , the goods supplied » t the Tommy-Shop are charged far above their market value . The evils of the Tsrcs system would be unendurable , even did the Thtjckstebs supply their things" at the real price : for still there would be the absence of freedom ; the tying ap of a man ' s hands ; the chaining him down to one counter , that a profit may be made of hia earnings , over and above the profit accruing from ihe application of Ms labour : bat when , as is almost invariably the case , and certainly so in this instance , advantage is taken of the necessities and position of a dependant workman ; dependant on the Employer for
" Leaveto ton f when advantage is taken of thi 3 , to force upon him things at foil 25 or 30 -per cent , dkasee than the market price , ihe system becomes one of DOWXRIGHX BOBBEBT J snd the parties practising it are , to all intents and purposes , HeaBTXESS THTETiS . Let us hope that " Justice" will soon overtake them 2 It shall , if vrs can be at all instrumental in me-nfling her pace . - ^~
-u FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE " HKXHs THAT CONSCIENCE SHOULD BE FREE . BRITISH " PAHfS KKD PENALTIES" ON THE
EXPKESSIOH OF THOUGHT . Ora readers will have read in last Saturday ' s Star the report of the trials of Patkbsos and Bobissob before the High Court of Justiciary at idmbnrgh , on a charge of "blasphemy . " it mil be Tecolleeted , that these prosecutions were originated in consequence of the publication of a Work by BoBIXSOX , entitled The Bible an immoral Zook , dangerous to the easily excited brain . " This book we have never seen . It may bs a piece of profound criticism and well-sustained argument ;
or it may be trash and nonsense . To U 3 , as regards the right of free discussion , it matters not which . "We proclaim that men have a right to pnblish their thoughts on all questions of morals , religion , and politics , no matter even though the embodiment of sach Ehould be the vilest trash ever penned . If falsehood and folly find an outlet from the press , let truth and reason be brought to their correction . T"he only safety against fraud is to allow of the enfettered , unlimited exercise of thought , speech > and publication .
The appearance of the bills announcing the pnblication of the above work , immediately led to as « utrageous a violation of *• thB liberty of the subject , " as we hare ever ( at any rate of late years ) heard tell of . Srirreet np by the clergy , the harpies-of the law entered Hoeeooxs shop without any " notice or 'warning ; seized bis person ; and carried off about £ 150 worth of his goods . Here , let us a ? k , wa 3 this conduct of Protestants in aceordance with the principles of " civil and religious libertj" ! We are told that , it is one of
the fundamental principles vt TrotestantiEin to read : the Bible and judge for themselves . NoWj ¦ we snppose the author of the book above-named had done so j asd arriving at certain conclusions , boldly stated them to the world . What wa 3 there in thi 3 inconsistent with the spirit of Protestantism ? The author in question had as dear a " right to arrive at his conclusions , as Joas Esox had to disl > eaeve in the infallibility x > f the Pope ; 01 Dr Chaueebs in the right of patronage ; each deriving his disbelief from the studying of ihe Scriptures . Bnt
these scotch Protestants , while they are ever ready i to defend the principles of " civil and religion ? ; liberty" for those who go no farther than themselves , j exhibit , at the same time , a spirit of persecution ioward all those -who would advance beyond their j opinions , worthy ; of ; the worst days of priestly j tyranny . j After the prosecution of Bgbiksoh , * the man ' Paikbsos" went down from London , and opened a j shop in Edinburgh j where he publicly annonneed ; the sale of the works , for the Tending of which '
Bobixsoh was under the bann of the law . The eon- ; sequence was , that Pazebbos was seized likewise . ! In the meantime Robikson had been brought up for irisij when it was found that the-indictment against I lim was wretchedly defective ; that it could not be I sustained . The consequence was that the trial was ' then abandoned , Robij'sox being bound over on ] ano ' Jier warrant to meet another trial ! On ihe 8 ; h ; *> f November the trial came off , when Patkbsos . wa .- - ? Taieneed to imprisonment for fifteen calendar : Siesihs , and Robujsos to twelve months . \
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On the trial , the witnesses who appeared sgainst Patebson consisted of policemen , Sheriff ' s officers , and "informers who formerly belonged to the police . " These wretched tools admitted that they had purchased the books because they "were instructed to do so by the Sheriff : i . e ., the Sheriff , by his tools and "secret servi < 5 e" money , encouraged the circulation of " blasphemy" I One of the witnesses against Patebson , calling himself Gborqe R . D . H .
Mackenzie , Esq ., admitted , in the course of his cross-examination by Patebson , that his motive for purchasing the books was to get him imprisoned , for he thonght he deserved three years . " In acting as yon have done , " said Patebson , " did you consider yon vrere ^ oing your duty 1 " " Yes , " said thiB puny soul , " as a citizen and as a Christian . ' Patkbson , of course , thanked him for this candid admission .
Patebson also asked this witness how he reconciled his oath-swallowing with the injunction in the New Testament , " Swear not at all V ' ' bnt was interrupted by the Court telling him they could not allow such a question to be put : They sat there to administer law ? Most consistent defenders of the " gospel ! " If to " bring the Bible into contempt " be "blasphemy , " let us ask whether the Lord-Justice Clerk , and Lords Medths and CoCKBURfl , (** the Court , " j were not guilty of that offence when they so shamefully spit upon the injunction of their ** Lord and Master ; " giving Patebson to understand that they cared not a straw for the gospel ; " they sat there enly to administer " law" 1 J
We # ave of Pa . tebson's defence , which ocenpied nearly eight hours , all that the reports in the Edinburgh papers enabled us to give . We are informed by a correspondent that it was " a highly finished piece of composition , breathing the purest spirit of humanity and philosophy ; containing many profound and valuable thoughts on the folly and wickedness of prosecuting for opinion ' s sake . " Yet the "Libera papers of Edinburgh have sneeringly remarked : — That it was characterised by a pompous display of learning and gross mispronunciation . " So much for the liberality of such papers as the Edinburgh Chronicle
the organ of the Siubqite's , and advocate of 11 religions liberty . " We have not seen the Witness the organ of the Non IntrusioniBts ; but we are informed that a more foul and brutal spirit was never exhibited by any apologist of priestcraft . See the consistency of this party , who whine about the persecution they suffer at the hands of the Scottish aristocracy 2 But all sects are the same . No matter how fiercely they may denounce persecution when they are the suffererS | ihey immediately turn persecutors of others the moment they have the power , or discover that there are any who differ from them in opinion .
We now come to that prseious * piece of composition , " the Lobd Justice Clerk's address in sentencing Patebsojj , in which the speaker stated that it was " a satisfaction to the Court indeed to find that the panel in his defence had shown not the least trace of talefli" I Whether this be a fair char - acter of Patebsox ' s defence or not , it will show that there is nothing his " Lordship" dreads more than that men of Patebsox ' s stamp should be possessed of talent . It shows that the high and mighty are ay much as ever in love with ignorance as an engine of perpetuating slavery— " loving
darkness rather than light , because their deeds are evil . " His Lordship not content with inflicting immediate punishment , threatened Patebbon that if he resnmedhis " trade" on the expiration of his imimprisonment ° either in Scotland or any other part of Great Britain , " " there teas no extent of punish , ment by imprisonment andfine ^ which it would not be the duty of the Court to award . " Now we beg to remind John Hots that he is not Lob © Justice Clkbr on thiB side of the Twrsd ; and God forbid that Ench a personification of cant and cruelty ever should be . It is going a little too far to threaten us in
England with the terrors of his puritan inquisition . Thank God , they are but * ' empty words , " or we should be tempted to raise the cry of " Repeal , " not alone with Ireland , but with Scotland . Let John Hope " keep his breath to cool his porridge , " and not pre . same to meddle with us on this side of the border-If he does he will only be langbed at for hiB pains . His " Lordship" stated that he considered it " a most proper and fit prosecution ; " and be had no doubt of the effect that would result . Nor have we * The effect will be to- more widely diffuse tho principles and opinions for which Patbbsoh is now suffering . In many a Scottish village where , in the local papers , the villagers will read the account of these prosecutions , for the first time .
will the young and enquiring ask : " What is this blasphemy V ** What are those books for which Patebson is condemned to a felon ' s fate—a felon's fare , for fifteen months ] " It has often been remarked that blasphemp-f > TOSCCui \ ons , instead of putting a stop to the demand for the interdicted works , have invariably increased that demand . Public curiosity is stimula ted ; an anxiety is felt to clutch the forbidden fruit , which is eagerly devoured . Experience proveB that the best method of giving publicity to a book is for the clergy to denounce it ; the best plan to procure for it a good sale is to prosecute its author or publisher . That this has ever been the ca . e , the writings of Thomas Paj . nb are a signal example .
We now come to the cream of the Lokd Justjce Clerk's address , when , after sentencing Patebtson to fifteen month ' s imprisonment , he proceeded : " WhateTer yon may think of -what I now say—I say to you , that in the piospect of the solemn and serious duty of pronouncing judgment en a fellow-creature , I frayed to Ihe Almighty God in whom I believe , that in his infimte compassion , Me would yet vouchsafe to you the comfort , and ihe peace , and ihe hope , and the joy of believing in that adorable Redeemer , whose mercy you have hitherto so contemptuously rejected . " There , " gentle reader , " what think you of that f Now look on this picture .
Patebsos wished to know what sort of treatment he was to have in jail ! and the Lord Justice Clerk replied that the Court had nothing to do with the prison regulations . He said : — " If yon wish to make any application on the subject , it mnst " be made to the Directors of the General Prisons in Scotland , of whom I am one ; bnt with ikM&rA to any application you may make for the relaxation of discipline in the prison , or for exemption from the only instruction which yon will be permitted to have . I can tell you thai you have f&i the least chance for gelling any relief . " " 0 for a forty-parson power To siDg thy praise , hypocrisy !'"
Hi 3 " Lordship" had ju 3 t been praying to " Almighty God'Verhis " compassion" and " MERCY " towards the prisoner at the bar . But when that prisoner applied to the " praying" Judge for " compassion ? ' the reply was : — " Yes ! I ' m the party to whom you must spply for any alleviation of snffering ; ' but don ' t you wish you may get it ! '" I'll " pray" for you , but I'll punish jon to the utmost . You may " apply" ; but " I can tell yon that you have not the least chance of getting any relief" ! O most Christian Judge !!!
His " Lordship" had a great deal to say abont hobalitt in connection with religion , in the course of his address . Now we've a question or two to pnt to his " Lordship "; not as " Lobd Justice CrsEi " , bnt plain Johh Hoys . ; We want to know whether Jo : gN Hopjs believes in that passage in the Scriptures , which tells us that " Fornicatora and Adulterers shall have their portion in the lake that burneth for ever and ever" ! W « want to know whether , when he was Dean of Faculty , and before maniage ; before he doffed the Batchelor ' s jacket for the gown of the Benedict ; whether he
was not ettra-mtimatelif-acgxiamted with bis floa * keeper ? Whetherlsnoh intimacy did not draw down upon him the censure of his family ! And wbethev he was not glad to gloss oybt the " sin" by making of the said housekeeper an honest woman ? We have heard of such things , and we should b . eglad to know whether they are true . And whether John Hopb " prayed" as fervently then , us b . e assured Patebson he had just done before sentencing him to fifteen months' imprisonmeBt 1 ~ Vj ill John Hope , the judicial defender of religion and " morality " answer these querieB X "We pau-oe for a reply 1
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. Swallow—The parties can have the Star sent direct from the office , by sending a quarter ' s payment in advance , and the address of the party to whom it is to be sent . The Covemtbtt MuitDER—A correspondent writes us that the verdict of the Leicester Jury , given in our 7 th page has caused great excitement in the city of Coventry . Bills were issued by the Guardians calling a "Public Meeting" of their body for Tuesday last , to consider -what steps should ba taken " in this most painful and melancholy affair ; " when , according to our correspondent , the following resolution was agreed to : — "That this meeting recommend that the directors of the Coventry Workhouse
do allow the medical men and other officers of the ¦ workhouse , an opportunity ol rebutting the charges contained in the verdict of the Leicester Jury , before the Quardiang ol tne city . " Cumberland Colliers . —We have no room for their address this week . The following sums have been received , deducting £ l 3 s for tho Percy Main men : — King Pit 17 s ; Hebburn £ 2 4 s 4 d ; Terpeth 10 d 6 d ; Walker £ 1 14 s ; Bedlingtoa £ l 17 a 8 & ; Spittletongue £ 1 17 a ; Willington £ 5 3 s 3 d ; Kibbles-¦ worth 18 s 6 jd ; South Hetton £ 2 Is 4 d ; Washington £ l ' , " Wallbottle £ 1 ; Woodside 18 s 10 j ; Saghill £ 7 163 lOd ; North Elswick , 15 s 9 i ; West Sunlty S > Id ; Wallsend £ 1 ; EastHolywell £ 1 Ss 2 d ; West Holywell 16 a 3 d ; Seaton Burn £ 2 Ob 9 J .
John Murdoch , Sheffield —His letter arrived only on Thursday too late for us to make any use of it this week . Nottingham Framewobk Knitters . —We could not possibly find room for their address this weekwe will give it nest . Ma . George White . —Received by the committee in Birmingham , per Mr . W . Bali , from the Chartists of Oldbury , 8 a ; per Mr . George Freemen , from the Chartists of Coventry , 53 . 6 d . Mb . John West is unavoidably compelled to
postpone his visit to South Lancashire until Mr . O'Connor ' s visit to Sheffield ; bnt he will give due notice to the men of Bury , Dukenfleld , Mossley , Oldham , and the other places he intends to visit Any of the localities wishing to correspond with Mr . West will address , 20 , Lambert-street , Sheffield . Jonathan Parks , Sutton . —We fear that he can be aade to par . Many communications we are unable even to acknowledge , at the present . Will try what next week will do .
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OPENING OF THE NSW CHARTIST HALL . The Leeds Chartists having for a long time pant being much incommoded by the want of snffioieut room in their late place of meeting , -have been on the look out for one more fitted for the increased and growing strength of the democratic party ; and at length happily succeeded in obtaining a place , which , if ought can silence the filthy lies of our local lights of Whiggery and Sham-Radicalism , will surely effect such a consummation , and convince even the Baines ' s and Smiles ' s that Chartism is neither " dead" nor sleeping ; though we confess we are somewhat doubtful aB to such a result , when we remember the old adage" A man convinced against his will Is of the same opinion still . "
Large placards , not quite 60 large ( but very near ) as a church door , posted through Leeds , announced that the "Bazaar , " a large building in Briggate , had been taken by the Chartists for the holding of their meetings , and would be opened on Sunday , Not . 19 th , by a lectnre from Mr , David Rosa in the afternoon , and one from Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., in the evenings This announcement immediately following tne Holbeck triumph , created no little sensation ; infusing new life into the hearts of all good patriots , and a corresponding amount of dismay amongst the factions of all names and colours .
On Sunday afternoon Mr . Ross delivered his lecture , which was , as usual with that gentleman , a sound and excellent discourse . The room , which is estimated to hold comfortably fifteen hundred persons , was crowded ; a large portion belonging to the fair sex . An excellent choir filled the orchestra , and tbeir performances added mnch to the harmony aud eclat of the proceedings . As noticed above , Mr . O'Connor was announced to lectnre in the evening . Half-past six was the hour notified ; but long before that time the Hall was filled in every part ; and finally when every one had got in that could possibly find standing room , no matter where crammed to , many hundreds had to turn back , wholly unable to gain even % glimpse of the interior . We have been in many crams of the
sort ; but certainly never in one equal to this . The heat was intense , streams of moisture covered the walls a& 4 ceiliog , and descended in huge drops upon the audience , who appeared as if they were fixed in a vapour bath . . We believe we are under the mark when we say that a room three times the siz ? would not have been too large to have comfortably held those who emild not get admission . Hundreds of the fair sex crowded the orchestra , intermingled with the vocalists and band , and filled the numerous rows of seats facing the platform ; and when the vocal and instrumental performers struck up their glorious strains of harmony in praise of the " good old cause /' we felt that never had we witnessed so noble a spectacle in connection with the Chartist cause before-Mr . Bbooke having again taken the
chair" Lo we answer , see we come , Quick at freedom ' s holy call " was sung in full choruB by the performers in firstrate style . Some impatience being manifested for the appearance of Mr . O'Connor , Mr . Hobaon came forward and entreated their patience for about twenty minutes , by which timu the train would have arrived . In the meantime he would address them—( appiaiise ) . Mr . Hobson then at great length entered into a luminous exposition of the value of labour , as proved by the facts " evidenced" by Mr .
John Marshall of Leeds , before a committee of the House of Commons . We are compelled to omit Mrc H . ' s speech ; but in another shape our readers may depend upon having Mr . Marshall ' s evidenco laid before them . While Mr . Hobson was speaking Mr . O'Connor ' -arrived , and with some difficuliy procured a passage through bis enshnsiastic and delighted frienus to the platform . At the conclusion of Mr . Hobson ' s address , Mr . O'Connor , who appeared to be almost astennded by the magnificient sight before him , came' forward and delivered an address o about an hour ' s duration .
The length at which we have given the proceedings of the Soiree held on the following evening preventB us giving even an outline of Mi . O'Connor ' s speech , suffice it to say that it was in his usual forcible and eloquent style . The proceedings concluded by the performers giving iu full chorus , the
anthem" Spread the Charter through the Land . " Long in Leeds will the 19 ch of November be held in remembrance , as the day when this veritable Temple of Truth was opened for the gathering together of the sons and daughters of freedom .
SOIREE ON MONDAY NIGHT . The Festival in honour of the return of Mr . Councillor Hobson for the Holbeck Ward , and Mr . Councillor Jackson for the West Ward , took place on Monday evening ,. Tea was on the table at seven o'clock j andto au ' excellent and plentiful provision , set out on three Long tables , capable of seating comfortably many hundred persons , a very large and respectable < vompanyof both sexes , sat down . In the orchestr a was a table for the Chairman and the
guests . T > iegood things having been freely partaken of , the tables were speedily cleared away ; and the large r jom was soon afterwards crowded—numbers heinjr , ' admitted after tea on payment of twopence eac \ i . : Previous to the tea being partook of , councillors Hobson and Jackson , Mr . 0 'Coiwob , r Mr . Pitkethly , of Huddersfield , entered the room together , and were loudly cheered both on their entrance and on taking their seats at the table appropriated for them . In commencing the business of the evening ,, Mr . Joseph Best , of Holbeck , was called upon to preside . He felt , honoured , he Baid , by the distinction which had been conferred upon him . When he saw the array of talent by which he was surrounded , and reflected upon the anxiety that existed to hear the addresses which would be delivered , he was sure he Bhould be spared the necessity of naakiug a
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? £ »?« ' , P ewould > therefore , merely request attenin , JS # ? , . whicl 1 w » uld be Proposed , and entreat them to listen attentively to th « gentlemen S ?* v ° d rWnd to them . The first toast to which he would draw attention was one to which he was sure they would all heartily respond- * ' The people , the unfy legitimate 8 ource of all power . " Mn David Ross to respond . « $ w u - Was reoe"ed with loud apolasse . He said he felt incompetent to the task whioh had been imposed upon him , simply because the people them-« , w a ? fu 80 mucn BUPe « or importance to their rulers . At the festivals of the great , it was the fashion to applaud those who had haon rai ^ d to
™ LU i . ; ** bia *<» epeak of the foundation ? L . i , ipxi 8001 ^ based . He would ? £ » Jh \ P ^ P * as he found them in the straw-thatched cottage , where were to be found greater and more exalted virtues than were exhibited m the palaces of princes or the mansions of ^ V » , i ° cra i ^ ¥ sP of then » » a the Power that had made England great iu tho field and on the ocean ; where they had fought for what had never been to them a benefit . He would point to the splendid temples of art and science , and the seats of . . J * W » ng With Which the country abounded .
i * . ***; beenemoted by them , but of the ute and benefits to be derived from which they had been deprived . In spite of this , however , knowledge had gone abroad ; the people had been told of their rights , and were now convinced that they must have political power without which they were as a vessel Without a helm ; as slaves bound down by the mercenary mill-owners of the country , and trampled upon by a despotic oligarchy , a we i 5 e e 7 er BtrivinB t » disunite them , iu order that they might continue their bondage . He would speak of the people , as the body by whose labour all things were created ; from which all that wa ? rich and great had emanated ; by whose skill and toil all
things had arisen , and who , nevertheless , had nothing that they could call their own . Their forefathers had been much happier than they ; but he did not wish on tbat account that they should go backward . No ! " onward" was the motto ; and , by the Bpread of knowlege they would obtain the victory . 'In conclusion he hoped the time was not distant when the people of every town Would have a temple equal | to the one in which they were then assembled , and in which they might learn their rights , and knowing , be able to maintain them . Mr . Ross resumed his seat amidst loud cheers . The Chairman said the next toast was one in which they would all coincide and . rtjoice to hear . It
was" The healths of Messrs . Hobson and Jackson , the' Chartist councillors recently returned at the Municipal Elections . " The toast was drank with three cheers and one cheer more , and great applause . Mr . Councillor Hobson was received with tremendous applause , and when the cheers had subsided he addressed the meeting aB follows : —Mr . Chairman—It is usual for individuals occupying the position in which I now find myself , to say , " this is the proudest moment ; of my Itfo . " I shall not cemmenca with any such hackneyed phrase ; but I shall say that the return of the Chartist candidates at the last election was a triumph of which wo may , well be proud ; and on that account I do most sincerely
rejoice ; not certainly on account of the men who were returned , but on account of those who returned them . ( Hear , hear . ) To the worthy working men of Holbeck , and to the worthy working men of the West Ward , are our thanko in the first instance due ; and to them let the honour be gi * en . ( Cheers . ) Who , I should like to know , would have said only some three years ago , looking at all the circumstances of the case ; who would have said then , that the working men of Leeds would so soon send two men of their own into the Council Chamber ? Who would have been bold enough , three years ago , looking at the state of the Wtiig and Tory parties in the borough at the time , to have predicted that even now the working men would
have bad to meet in celebration of their triumph ( Hear , hear . ) But what had been done , was only an earnest of what they would do in future . ( Loud cheers . ) They had only got in the small point—the thin end of the wedge ; but so sure as that thin end had been got iu , so sure would the wedge be driven home . Yes ; the point is in ; and through it must go , ( Cheers . ) It is not only in the Town Council that we inust be represented , but in another council , the great council of the nation as it is called , io which we will yet send a member for this borough . ( Hear , hear , ) And hotf long will it : be before we shall meet to celebrate that triumph ?—How long shall wejhave to wait before we celebrate the return of a Chartist candidate to
Parliament ?—( hear , hear ) . Will it be three years before we have to do that t— ( oriea of " No , no . " ) Will any one venture to predict , that if , in consequence of a dissolution of Parliament , or from any other cause by which a vacancy may occur , an election should : take place ; will any one Bay that in such case we should not have to meet in this room , or in a larger place , for this would scarcely then hold us—to celebrate the triumphant return of a Chartist Member for this Borough ?—( hear , hear , and cheers ) . But 1 will again revert to the present triumph , the triumph of the working men , who have succeeded , in spiie of all the opposition which has been arrayed against them ; in spite of all those means and appliances which our enemies knew bo well how to use , and have so much at command ; in spite of all these things , they have succeeded , to the great chagrin
of the whole body of Whigs arid sham-Radicals—( loud cheers ) . The chagrin and disappointment of these parties has manifested themselves in numerous instances , both at the election and since ; and none more so than in the Counoil Chamber , at our first meeting . Previous to that meeting , at ! whioh there was much and viry important business to transact , the Whigs and sham-Radicals met in secret , in a small back room in the Commercial Buildings , and there they determined that " the Councillor for Holbeck" should find bis leveldaughter)—tbat he ehould not sit on any of the committees under the Municipal Act ; but only on those under the Improvement Act , where it was well known there was a great deal of work , and no power : and after thus agreeing ; after thus appointing the members , and constituting aJi the committees , they came and sat as demurely in the Council chamber , as if the business was then
being done!—( Hear and laughter . )—But this nice little plot was rather spoiled ; they were not permitted to have every thing -their own way . My friend , Mr . Jackson , was present at that private meeting ; and after having got an understanding of what they were about , he told them plainly that he would be no party to any such method of doing business , but would lay the whole matter before the man they had maligned . Mr . Jackson did bo—( cries oi "That was honourable , " and loud cheers ) . It was honourable . Nay more , it was a proof of great it oral courage , of one ia Mr . Jackson's position , and we ought greatly to respect him for it—( cheers ) . Mr . Jackson had acted thus ; and that was the key to my conduct in the Council
chamber—( hear , hear ) . A great deal has been said in mans ; places , and in the newspapers about my conduct on that occasion ; and therefore , as this is tne first occasion on which I havo since had the pleasure of addressing , you , I will take the opportunity of setting myself right . Much has been said in the newspapers , and especially in the Leeds Mercury , about my " feeling" ; about my " manners "; about my " modesty "; and about my "taste , " for having exercised my right as a Councillor , and asking , in a case where I had been given to understand that a . legal disqualification existed , whether euoh was the faol , or no . Ii is true that in doing so I had to refer to a bankruptcy ol some years standing ; but in Qoing so , I only did my duty : for having
ah impression that the proposed election would be null aud void from legal reasons , I had a ri ^ h ' , as one who was to elect , to satisfy my own mind before 'I exercised my power . I did so . I put the question to our legal adviser ; and with his answer I was sati > fied , and expressed myself so . But I am told , I ought not to have raked up this bankrupcy of twenty years' date ; and my doing bo is represented as a proof of my " good taste , " "manners , " and "feeling . " Sir , I am not the oniy one that has raked up old bankruptcies . 1 am old enough to remember the late William Cobbefcfr being roturned to Parliament . 1 remerobtfr that Mr . Baines put into his paper , the Leeds Mercury , that Mr . Cobbett could not take hia
seat because he was " aa uncertifidated bankrupt , " of some twenty yesrs' standing . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Baines , therefore , has been the model i ' or my * manners" ; and he , of all men in the world , should be the iast to question my "taste , " or to quarrel with my " feeling . " Had I not had good and sufficient reason for what I did in the question itself , I had the Merewy ' s example to rake up a " banKruptcy oi twentv years' standing" to insult" a polities ! opponent . " But in doing what I did , 1 did not copy the Mercury ' s example ; I did not let the election pass over , and then raise the objection to Mr . Stanbfeld .
( Hear , hear . ) I did it before the election . I spoke aB one of the parties in whom the right of the eleotion was vested , and on behalf of those who had deputed me . ( Cheers . ) Much has been said about Mr . Hamer Stansfeld . We have had hia " honour „" his "integrity , " hia " consistency of character , " his u mercantile knowledge , " aH paraded before us . But his friends had better " sing small " oh those subjects . I happen t » know rathtr more than they imagine . I ami » - possession of a lather remarkable " correspondence j" consisting of a circular letter from Mr . Hamer Stansfeld himself , and one also from his brother Thomas ; both in relation to this very bankruptcy . I will not say more at present than this : that Mr . Hamer Stansfeld ' s brother , Thomas , gives rather a curious account of bis ( Hamer ' s ) "honour , "" integrity , " and" mercantile knowledge "; and that account I am ready to give Mr . Sta&Bf ' eld himself , if he wishes . I say again that his friends will do well to say little about this same honour" and " integrity" : tor Mr . Hamer Stansfcld will know whebb I ah ; and it
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might be inconvenient to be forced to " tell all one knows "—( laughter and cheers ) . Bnt there was another objection I then urged . I told him that he had attended two meetings of a Board , of wkich I was a member . ) He was also a member . He was an Improvement Commissioner , ex officio , by virtue of his office as a magistrate . He ought to have attended all the meetings ; he only attended two ; and then it was for the purpose of illegally voting away the people ' s money ^ tiieir , hear ) . The Whigs did not like being reminded of this ; It was to them as bitter a pill to swallowa 3 evei f ' Holb . ok" was ; and amongst all the spe z ' . \ : - which they made upon the subject , not one of them at all attempted an answer to this charge —( hear , hear ) . 1 did not hesitate to tell them
that that money ; was voted for an illegal purpose . At the time I opposed its application ; and that I was right was proved to be true ; for before the Commissioner went out of office , Ihey took care to pay back that money , because they knew that its payment { could have been compelled out of their own pockets , had any one taken their accounts into the Queen ' s Bench . Not the slightest explanation has been given of this part of Mr . Stansfeld ' s public conduct ;! and my conviction ia , that any man , be he who he may , who would lend himself to an act of this kind , is unworthy to fill any office , even that : of Mayor—( laughter and cheers ) . But there were either m&itera which came before the Counoil on that 'day upon which I must beg to be allowed to make : a few remarks . My friends wished
me to have been placed upon the Watch Committee , because there they thought I might have been of tome service , i The members of that committee have a great deal of power . They have the care of the police , ' and you know how that force requires keeping in check . They have the power to spend £ 8000 a year . They give the police their orders . They suspend , dismiss , and appoint them . To them complaints against the police are preferred . My friends thought I could be very useful there ; they thought I ( should listen to the complaints of the poor men , and be as ready to believe them , as I should the statements of the police—( hear , hear , hear ) . I ( thought myself I might have been useful on that committee ; and for these reasons many wished to see me placed there . But not so . The secret conclave determined that I should sot be on
it ; and consequently the motion that I should be appointed was not even seconded . Now mind ; all the members Who thus met in private were , not alike . Mr . Hornbv did his duty there ; ' for he moved that I should be on the committee ; Mr . Jackson also did bis j ; but when he found the determination of the major portion of the Whigs aud Shams , he loft the room , and gave me the infer motion—( hear , hear , and cheer *) . And now I will give you one of the reasons adduced for not putting me on that committee . You know Mr . Yeivdall * He is a great Economist . He has , it seems , been sent into the council to play the Economical fiddle ; and he said , " It will never do to have Hobson on that committee , j You know we have occasionally
periods of great excitement , such , for instance , as occurred in August last year ; Hobson tV a very dangerous person ; and in such periods of excitement it will not do to have men like him on the Watoh Committee , to have the ordering of the Police . " This vVas the reasoning of Mr . Yewdall , the Economist , i ( Hear , hear . ) I am too dangerous a man to be on the Watch Committee , because there may be another period of excitement . Just attend to me here . I [ will relate to you something that came under my own knowledge , whioh will show you what kind ; of men have been on the Watch Committee . You all remember the Strike of last year , when " the plugs were drawn" ; when we had soldiers parading the town in all directions ; special constables sworn in ; aud policemen armed with cutlasses on duty night and day , under the control of the magistrates ! Yiu will also remember that an Hon . Member of the House of Commons offered to
prove , if a committee were granted to him , that that Strike originated wi'h the > Anti-Corn Law League . He stated that he had in his possession abundant proofs of this ; and when he had called [ for suoh committee , a respectable tradesman of this town , a master machine-maker , wrote to the Hon . Member in London ; and in hia letter he stated { that he was ready to make " oath at the bar of the House , that an Alderman of Leeds , a member of j a late Watoh Committee , and also a member of the Anti-Corn Law League , knew of the Strike a fortnight before it took place . The writer of that letter state i he was sent for to his counting-house by the Alderman , who then told him that the Strike was contemplated : and told him also that when it took place , he was to turn out the men in his employ , as they would be exceedingly useful , because they knew where the plugs were situated , and would know how to draw them ' . Nay , he said more ;| he said , if it was necessary , the
MEN WOULD EV £ N KSOW HOW TO BLOW THE BOILERS up . When the . Hon . Member received that letter , not knowing the writer , and conceiving it possible that the letter j had been sent by some one of the League , to get him into a mess , by making use of unauthorised statements , he sent it to me to inquire into the credibility of the writer , and into the truth of his statements . When I read the letter I was amazed . I did not personally know the writer ; so I inouired of another master machine-maker , whom I do know well , if he knew anything of him ; and I received for answer , " thai there was not a more honourable or truth-telling man in the whole tofvn of Leeds "—( hearj and cheers ) . 1 then sent for the gentleman himself ; I put the letter into his hand ,
and inquired if he was the writer of it . He said he was . i then inquired if the statements it contained were true . ** True . ' aye , " said he , " every word of them ; and I have more revelations to make still "—( hear , hear ) . And jet I am objected to because I am " a dangerous man "—( laughter ) . Ju 9 t contrast my conduct with the alleged conduct of this Alderman and Watch-Committee-man . While he was procuring meu to be turned out , in order that they might draw plugs , and if necessary blow up boilers , I was persuading the working men all I - could against the Strike , as many here present could testify , if need be . Which of us was the most dangerous man of the two ?—( hear ) I have related this fact here for the first time . I had intended to
have done 80 at ; the council meeting , before the Aldermen ' a face . I 1 was prepared to have done this ; for 1 expected I should have had an opportunity ot doing it . I expected when my name was proposed as a member of the Watch Committee , in the council chamber , that Mr . Councillor Yewdall would have urged his objections to me there , as he had done in private and behind my back ; and then this would have come out- ( cheers ) . But though I had not that opportunity given to me , for he held his tongue , I hope the press will take notice of it , and that through that medium it will come under the Alderman ' s notice j As these " liberty loving" gentlemen have determined that they will not have me on the Watoh Committee , I hope every working man , who
may receive any injury or insult at the hands of the police , will take care to pen down an authentic statement of the facts , with tne number of the officers , and make me acquainted with them , I know there are brutes in that force , who desetve to be flogged out of the town . An instance has come to my knowledge , in which Child , —not very child-like in his nature , —but in which Child , Jemmy Child , I believe—( criesjof " Yes ; we know him" )—met with two little lads ] in Kirkgate ; and because one of them , quite by i accident , touched some park of . the great man's coat , he struck them both most unmercifully with the heavy suck which he generally carries with him ; and to such an extent was his violence towards them carried , that their
screams called forth the expostulations of those who happened to be passing , along the street—( cries of shame , shame ) . I have another instance of the same individual's child-Hke propensities . A poor little girl was one day standing in Briggate with a few boxe 9 of Juciier matohes for sale . She had her wares in a basket suspended from her neck , and when Child saw her , he swore at her , struck the basket fiercely with his stick , by wbioh ail the lucifers were driven into the street , and the poor child , frightened out of her wits * dare not stay to gather them up , but was glad to , run off , leaving the only source of her livelihood mixed with the dirt—( renewed cries of shame ) . Were I on thn Watch Committee , I would take care of such
cases aa tins —( hear , hear ); and although I am not on the Committee , I will take care they shall not get rid of euoli eases . I hope when you , any of you , witness them , you will let me have them , and thea they sliall hearjoi them in the Council Chamber itself , and wo will see if we cannot compel the Watch Committee to take cognisance of them—( hear , hear ) . Another reason adduced at the private meeting why 1 should not be admitted ou auy of ihe' Muuiaipal Committees was , that I amluot respectable enough . And here I must relnark on the queer notions chat some folks have about " good manners . " It is all fair and right ; to insult me ; it is allowable even to insult my constituents , by telling them that they are a disgrace to the Borough ; it is even right for a
portion of men sent to tae Council like iay 8 e 5 f , —n « more there , nor no less , —to meet in private , aud sit in judgment on my character an&eonduct in my absence ;) nay even to canvass * and assail my tv respeotability " : all this ia fa $ et and right , aud proper , j But when I ask a question , to satisfy my mind on a kgal point ; viisn I pursue the course that duty points out , befotso : 1 exercise the trust reposed in me ; when I do , bhis , 1 am assailed on all hands , land a loud yell » raised about my " taste" , and ** feeling " , and * wanners' * . I am represented as haviag insulted » a honourable tradesman "; and that too by BonK , who had been ; obkotors
to me , Deeause ot my waa * ol "respectability" ! Had I acted oil their gronada ; had I been prompted by motives asj low > ae their own , I should certainly have been jusnhed in , repelling the insvlt given to me ana to my constituents in the canvass of ml > ™ speota . oility " , by taunting the " respectable men par excellenee , with their own respectability" i Q choosing from their own ranks , a man to preside as Mayor who had not paid tweuty BhiiUngb in the pound , and who had creditors astting under him as Councillors , who had not received i their tuH dividends . Hu . il 1 pos-Eesbed . the taste . " and " feeling" of some people ,
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^ r-as exhibited towards me , —I should have done this . But I did uot do so . I did that which it was . my duty to do : and which , if it were to do again , I would repeat * Let me ask , if I had not paid twentr shillings m the pound , whether " taste" or ** feeling ' would have prevented the canva 3 seTS of my " respectability" from telling me of it , even thoagh is had been of twenty years standing ? And when speaking of the conduce of Mr . Baiues , with reference to the raking up of Mr . Cobbett ' s bankruptcy , aad pUinly ' cailingJhim an * ' uncertificated bankrupt , " I ought to have told you that he would not contradict h , until Mr . Cobbett entered an action at law against him to compel him . There was "taste " and "feeling" for you ! His f * tasto" waa also exhioUed on another occasion . Mr . fiainci
" insulted" another good friend of the popr man , by taunting him with his misfortune in business : and in that case it was a pure taunt ; and as cruel as it was ungrateful . Ha so taunted Mr . Richard Oastler ; and the cheeks of Mr . Bainos ought to have burned with very shame , when he so taunted " thai gentleman : for it is to his father , Mr . Robert Oastler that Mr . Baines is mainly indebted for his success in life—( loud cheers ) . Leaving this portion of his subject , and referring again to the real triumph gained at the eleotion . Mr . Hobson concluded by proposing the healths of the 570 electors of Holbeck , and the 445 electors of the West Ward , who had by their free and unpurchased votes returned himself and Mr . Jackson to the Council , and resumed hia seat amidst thunders of applause .
Mr . Councillor oackson then rose , and was received with deafening shouts of applause . He said he felt highly flittered by the enthusiastic manner in which he had been received , and thanked them most sincerely for the compliment . He was noc accustomed to public speaking , and should be very sorry to allow his farthing rushlight to twinkle ia the presence of the bright luminaries by whom he was surrounded . He could not forbear saying , however , that he had been taunted by the Whigs that he hod neither a light , nor any pretensions to represent the large West ward , for which he had had the honour of being returned . He would remind these carpers that he did not send himself into the Council
Chamber—( hear , hear ) . He had been strongly urged to allow himself to be pnt in nomination ; and by the honesv votes of the electors he had been placed in the position which it was his pride to occupy . Since he bad been in the Council , he had seen a vote of that body introduce Mr . Baines into the chamber on two occasions . [ Mr . Hobson— "I'll try it on with a working man next time , "—laughter and cheers . ] The Whigs had told him that he was a very useful man on committees ; but when he got up to speak , he found out that they did not like him . They found fault with his election this time , because they said be was a joint of Jos ' s tail ; he was the first joint ; and they said Dr . Craven was the second —( laughter ) . They tell me ( said Mr . Jackson )
that if I had not got in this time , Mr . Hobson would have had nobody to second him . All that I can say is , that I will always seeond him in anything that he may bring forward for the benefit of the public ; but if he brings questions forward of & purely factious nature , 1 shall desert him . ( Mr . Hobsott ^ - " I hope you will . ") I did differ with Mr . Hobson , with regard to bis proposing Mr . Marshall , as Mayor ; and 1 Bhould not have done , I think , as he did , with respect to Mr . Stansfeld . I admit Mr . Hobson ' s right to ask the question for his own satisfaction , if he had a doubt that the election would be illegal ; but having been unfortunate in business myself , I should hesitate long ere I reminded others . But I can assure you that all
Mr . Hobbon ' s other measures were most businesslike ; and I have been told by others that they were of that opinion . Mr . Jackson referred at some length to the manner in which business had been transacted by the Streets' Committee ; and after stating they had been served with notice from the Aire and Calder Company , to restore a dam in Sheepscar Beck to its original state , which had cost about £ 80 in removing , he inquired if it was possible that either himself or Mr . Hobson could make worse Counoilloia than those who . had constituted that Committee , at the head of whom was Dr . Baker . In fact , the whole machinery of the Improvement 'Act , which had cost the borough between seven and eight thousand pounds .
was declared now to be not worth so many shillings : in fact the Town Clerk said it would not hold water ; aud Alderman Peasa said it would be absolutely necessary to get another act of Parliament passed to amend it . Mr . Jackson then avowed himself in favour of all tho six points of the Charter , bnt confessed that he was obliged to differ with them on their conduct respecting the antv-Corn-Law League ; but so far as the whole Charter went , he went , and be would go with them for its enactment . The wickedness of our present rulers have made the goodness of God of non-effect . In conclusion , hs again thanked the meeting for the patienc 3 with which he had been heard , and for the honour whioh
had been conferred upon him , and sat down loudly applauded . The Chairman said the next toast was * ' the Charter ; and the health of the persevering and patriotic Feargns O'Connor , Esq . " Mr . O'CofNQK immediately rose , and was received with ' deafening shouts of tumultuous applause . In one of his most eloquent speeches , delivered in his happiest manner , he completely rivetted the a tention ot * his audience for upwards of an hour , interrupted only by repeated bursts of applause . It would be impossible for U 3 to furnish even a moderate outline of of his excellent address , embodying , as it did , every point to whioh he could extend bis comprehensive mind , as connected with the movement .
The CHAiEMANjgavethe next toast , The Northern Star and the democratic press . " Mr . Julian Harney , in rising to respond , was received with great cheering , and made an excellent speech , which was throughout well received , and gave much satisfaction . At its conclusion , Mr . Hobson proposed the following resolution : — " That as the Anti-Corn Law League profess a perfect readiness to discuss the question of a repeal of the Corn Laws , and to maintain that their repeal would be of immediate beuefit to all classes of society , but particularly to the working classes ; and as Mr . Feargus O'Connor has now had a
challenge to Messrs . Cobden and Bright , the agents of the Anti-Corn Law League , to discuss this very question , for many months unaccepted ; and as it is of the last importance that all means should be afforded to ' the people to form correct opinions , more especially upon a question of such confessed import : for these considerations and these reaaMis this meeting , composed as it is of a , great number of the inhabitants of Leeds , REQUIRE of Messrs . Cobden and Bright , that they meet in fair , free , and OPEN discussion , Mr . Feargua O'Connor , in Leeds , in the Cloth Hall Yard , and that this resolution be transmitted to those two gentlemen , by the Chairman , on behalf ofjthe meeting . "
This was seconded , and carried unanimously , amidst applause , The Chairman then gave the ! concludiDg toast" The speedy return of Frost , Williams , Jones , and all patriots . " To which Mr . Pitkethley , of Huddersfield , briefly responded ; and it being now half-past eleven o ' clock Mr . O'Connor went to work to enrol names , and sat for some time longer at this work . Many cards were taken , and it was turned midnight beforo- the work was conoluded .
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Salisbury Electioh . —Ca Wednesday , the nomination for a MembeJb , fc . voom of Mr . Wyndbam , deceased , took place ia . tlr \ 3 old City . Mr . Bouverie was nominated on the part of the League , who have determined to . ear .-y the election , if it . be possible ; and Mr . GuajPjell was the Tory candidate The show of haiids r . ? as in favour of Mr- Bouverie . On Thursday , t&e 'polling took plaoe . The Sun , in a Third Edition , £ ires ihe numbers up to tea o'clock , when they stood- — Bouverie 186 Campbell 161 He adds thf . fc Mr . Campbell was gaining ; and that bribery had been resorted to daring the night-
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THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND . With shame and with sorrow do we call attention tO the BURNING RECORD of ENGLAND ' S UTTEB DEGRADATION , contained in another page , under the above head . There the reader , if he be an Englishman , will have enough I He will need no more to tell him the condition that his once highly-favoured country has been brought to , by high taxation , Infernal Paper Money , " Results of Machinery /' and " Free Trade . " The details are horribly sickening We are as degraded and cowed in spirit , as we are degraded in condition , or we should not permit , for one single hour , suoh things to be , '
11 And overcome ua like a summer ' s cloud Without our special wonder" 1 Time was , when a tithe of what we record to-day would have been sufficient to nerve the arm and bare the breast of every Englishman , to rescuo his country from the hands of the despoiler of her honour and her fair fame : and had their degenerate offspring but one atom of spunk in the whole mass , they would rather sink the whole Island beneath the ocean , than suffer the hideous enormities that now surround us to exist .
Glorious Progress Of Chartism In Leeds.
GLORIOUS PROGRESS OF CHARTISM IN LEEDS .
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OASTLER'S LIBERTY FUND . The meeting we announced in our Second EditioD of last week , as arranged to be holden in Huddersfield , took place on Wednesday night , whea there was a goodly muster , and most enthusiastic proceedings . There were present , John Fieldea , Esq ., M . P . ; Busfeild Ferrand , Esq ., M . P . ; John . Walter , Esq ., Berkshire ; W- Walker , E = q ., of Bfcadfard ; William Pollard , Esq ., Bradford ; J . Safiolefield , E ? q ,, Rastrick r Mr . T . S . Brooke , Dewsbury j Mr * W . Cooke , Huddersfield ; and a host of oilers . The speaking was moss cheering ; particular ly thespeech of hie . Ferrand . At the close of ( tae v leeting the followiug subscriptions were annocao&d . : —
J . Fielden , Esq ., £ . s . d . £ s i M . P . ... ... 50 0 0 Mr . Bry 88 U . « . l 0 0 J , Walter , Esq . 10 0 0 Simuel ( jteadfc&B . — Pollard , Esq . 5 0 0 ning .,.. „ .. i o 0 W . Halke ... 1 0 0 J . HataegjiaHk . l ft o Geo . Mitchell ... 0 10 Jonatna * Se ?_ io " - Mr . © aUiffe ... 10 0 field , lfc < j , ttI 21 0 9 W-BosHsldFer- J . R . T&tnara !" . io 10 0 » aud , Esq . M . P . 5 0 0 J . inKiaa .. 10 0 W . Walker , Esq . 20 0 0 Awesfcnfftnan 1 . S . Brooke , Tark „ . _ ' i 0 o Eeq 5 0 0 Mfc . Sasf , en ... 5 0 0 The good work haB indeai Veil begun 1 God speed it I May we eoon f * s » & e " Old King" at " liberty , " This meeting i& , bi& the beginning . We trust a similar oae will ' * & . h / iden in every town . Leeds is preparing .
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SUNDERTjAND . —Mr . Thomas Dickinson lectured on the Town Moor , on Sunday : morning last , on the Rights of Man , to a very attentive audience ; and , in the even i ng in the Chartist Room , on the Wrongs of Woman ,
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[ NORTHERN STAR , | 5
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 25, 1843, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct980/page/5/
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