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by our conduct . What rules of morality can affect a man condemned to pass his days alone on an uninhabited island , or in solitary confinement within the walls of a prison ? In like manner , those rules of
conduct which are best calculated to promote the mutual happiness of nations , in their intercourse with each other as individuals , constitute the only maxims of the law of nations obligatory on all , because calculated for the permanent benefit of all . So , in the domestic concerns of a nation , those rules and maxims of conduct which , upon the whole , are best calculated to promote the permanent happiness of any nation , that is of the individuals who compose it , in the capacity of members of a political community , are the laws really obligatory upon that nar tion ; and the force of the nation is properly exerted to carry them into effect when enacted , against any individual who may contravene them :
always taking for granted that those laws are enacted , not for the benefit of rulers , but with a view to promote the greatest good of the greatest number of citizens composing the community . This , then , is the true origin of moral obligation , whether applied to national aggregates of individuals , or to any individual of the number . For what stronger or higher obligation can be suggested than to pursue and
practise systematically those rules of conduct which can most effectually and permanently secure our own happiness upon the whole ? What higher or different motive can we have ? It will be found , on exannV nation , that the particular rules and maxims , comprehended in this general expression of them , are the same , whether applied to the conduct of one individual or ten , —of ten , or ten thousand , or ten millions/—pp . 28—30 .
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34 Of * the Duty of Studying Political Economy :
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HERDER'S THOUGHTS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HISTORY OF MANKIND * . ART . I .
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ISntweder ist all unser Studium der Geschichte , Statistik und Philosophie nichts ; oder es giebt eine Wissenschaft der nachsten und einer fernern Zukunft , bo weit sio uns angeht .. Herder , Vom Wissen und Ahnen . Either all our study of history , statistics , and philosophy is nothing ; or we may obtain of the proximate and a remoter futurity as much knowledge as concerns us . —> Of Knowledge and Presentiment ' . 3 Le meilleur moyen d ' aller en avant , c ' est de regarder la route , qu ' on vient de fake . —De la JJ . tUra . ture Franpaise , pendant le dix-huilieme Si tele , p . 109 .
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We may be thought a little out of date in calling the attention of our readers to a work , the first part of which appeared as early as the year 1784 . But as it is not much known to the mere English reader , ( whether any translation of it has appeared in this country we cannot say , ) as the views which it exhibits possess a permanent value and interest , and have exercised « . n influence , which may be visibly traced in the tendency which historical and philosophical inquiries have recently assumed in France , we deem no further apology neces-* Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menscheit . Herder ' s SHmmttichg Wcrke , Zur Philosophie und Qwchichte , Dritter Theil . —Carbruhe , 1620 ,
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Jan. 2, 1832, page 34, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1804/page/34/
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