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Leader (1850-1860), 1st January 1853, Edition Country of 3, Page 9, of Bornu alone had enabled them to perse...

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      Trade, Goep, And Corn. Sei Great Has Bee...

      _iplies pf gra in and flour , and the most serious fear re entertained that unless large cargoes should con ntly arrive great suffering would be experiencec " e farm lands in the colony were only half-sown , an i crops , therefore , even under ordinary circumstances uld be insufficient , hut with the anticipation of th ding in the months of November and December o extraordinary number of persons that were expectei [ cave the United Kingdom in June and July last , i i difficult to foresee how the wants of the colon ; e to be met . Flour had already reached 401 . pe a higher price than had been known for ten years I a further advance was expected . Hopes were en _iained that considerable quantities mi ght he sen n America . House rent was as dear in proportioi _jread , and the terms for three and four-roomed cot es were from 2501 . to 400 / . a-year . The banks _hae _sed to make advances , and were buying gold oi ir own account .

      rhe emigrants taken out by the Marco Polo wer < nediately engaged at very high wages . Highlane pherds , with their wives and children , were _readib aged at 250 ? . a-year and upwards ; and single mei ] 0 l . to 101 . a-year . The young women were mostb dfbr life on landing , and the diggers charmed witl isters , even on the shady side of forty . On hei val at Melbourne she was surrounded hy boats , tin lpants of which threw small nuggets of gold among passengers . The crew of the vessel having dis yed orders , the captain had them imprisoned unti departure , when they were again shipped , and navi ; d the vessel home . hit while trade is eminently prosperous , and the i of gold apparently exhaustless , home agriculture been not so fortunate . From June to October a it deal of rain fell in these islands , hut from _Octoup to this day the "fall" has been a deluge , The observations made in the vicinity of Dublin cor . ond very nearly with those made near London , " says Liverpool Albion . "At Dublin , during 26 days in ember last , there fell 6 _£ inches of rain , which was oneth of the annual average depth that falls in the district _, ho 11 th of the month there fell I- 3 - inch , on the 12 th 0 tor of an inch , on the 13 th half an inch , and on the three quarters of an inch , making a depth of three es in four days . From tho observations iriade near ion it appears there fell in the same four days upwards l i inches . The total amount which fell at London in amber last was 6 . 20 inches , or six inches and one-fifth , li , deelucting seven days on which no rain fell , gives ly 6 _J inches in 23 days . The average amount of rain e vicinity of London in the November months * for the 26 years is 2 . 16 inches , the greatest November fall ig been in 1842 , when it was 4 . 47 inches , and tho in 1851 , when it was little more than half an inch _, iearn from the Gardener ' s Chronicle that 'so much has not fallen near London in November , nor in any month , with tho exception of July , 1834 , for at lea _. st mrs . ' Tho amount which fell in July , 1834 , was 6 . 34 as . * « * * _Tjj e copiou 8 rain ua 8 not , however , confineel this year to ono month , as was the case in 'ear 1834 , when there was so great a fall in July . t quantities fell in tho months preceding November , mounts of which wc shall hereafter show , anel tho abundant supplies of moisture havo continueel far Dee-ember . Ne > doubt , from the 1 st of November " 1 the presont time , fully eig ht , inches of rain have : 1 whieh is nearly half tho quantity wliich desceneleel (? the wholo of 1847 , whon tho total amount for tho was onl y 16 . 05 . In 1860 , tho amount for the year -H . _28 , and , hist year , 20 . 79 , tho annual average ; fall about 24 inches , so that , the depth during the last Weeks has bee : n _eieiual to ono-thirel the average eif lry years . Tho total fall of rain this year at London , _tlw e _: nd of November , was , notwithstanding the H « of tho early months , 30 . 67 inches . The ; ( blleiwing record , extracted from the seiureo before ; _nekneiw' : —January , 2 . 72 ; February , 1 . 06 ; Mareli , 0 . 25 ; ° _-C > 2 ; May , 1 . 74 ; Juno , 4 . 61 , ; July , 2 . 27 ; August , s «» l > tcmbor , 3 . ( 54 ; Oe ; tobe : r , 3 . 87 ; November , 6 . 20 7- tot al , 30 . ( 57 . The _greatest fall in the ; course of ' years _preceeling was in 1841 , when the depth was ""• bos ; tho _smallest in 1817 , whe _; n the depth was _ineliOH ; ( h 0 average being , as wo have stateei , 24 _Aelelinfr f , () j J 10 _uHt-ortuinoel fall feir tho preseait year _aos , _\ vhich is not _exce'ssivo consielering the almost , " _» t rain we have alroaely had this month , we ; have as ll fall in 1852 33 . 17 inches . Of this there ; fell in 1 months from tho beginning of June ; to the ; enel _^ anhcr 24 . 38 ine _; he ; s . If we ; aelel 2 | inche ; s for De > - r we : have nearly 27 inches , eir an ox cow '" _He-ven 1 ol three inches e _> vor the : mean annual average ; . " * bus _accordingly been an e : vil autumn for the fhe ; groiuul has be . 'Oii , in tbe main ,. rendered "' seed , unel the hopes eif an average harvest next ¦ _tot on tho see _; _el sewn in spring .

      Janfahy 1, 1853.] The Leader. 9 ^——¦— 7 ...

      _Janfahy 1 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 9 _^——¦— 7 ji i i !

      Taxes On Knowledge. « ¦ 'Riduy We:Ek, A ...

      TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE . « ¦ ' _riduy we : ek , a meeting was held at the Guildhall ' -holme , over whie : h Mr . F . Ihmnoedc _preaided , of » < 'le : e : t , _eirH eif the City of London , favourable : to T _" al e . f tho Taxes on Knowledge . The following _4 H to Lore ! John Russell was unanimousl y _ugre-ed v I _^ _ouii _, —Wo , tho undersigned , doctors of lho City _idon , _reagpootlull y claim jour _lordahi p _' o good _oilicoa

      - . - ¦ -. — . - ii- . j . _ a . _—r——»—upon a subject which appears to us to be of vital importance , and on which we have reason to believe that your lordship ' s views as an earnest friend to popular education are in harmony with our own . We allude to those taxes which are justly stigmatised as the Taxes on Knowledgeviz ., the duty on paper , the advertisement duty , and tho stamp duty on newspapers . "In connexion with this subject ,, we refer with much pleasure to some expressions to which your lordship has lately given utterance at Perth—viz ., 'The way ih which ' the power of democracy ought to be dealt with is , by listening to every complaint , by considering every grievance , and by giving a legitimate and legal organ to that power and influence which otherwise may be mischievous , irregular , and injurious . ' "To direct and enlighten the path of that progress which is inevitable , is a duty worthy of a modern statesman .

      " We appeal to your lordship in accordance with these sound and statesmanlike views , to remove obstructions which prevent legislators from ' listening to every complaint' and ' consielering every grievance , ' by stifling their expression , and which , by this repression , tend to make the progress of democracy ' mischievous , irregular , and injurious . ' " To vote money for the purposes of public education while these justly-termed Taxes on Knowledge are still levied , is surely very inconsistent . " In regard to the paper duty , the amount of the revenue derived from it being nearly a million , we can only venture to commend its removal to the earnest attention of the go vernment when the Budget shall be under consideration ; but , as we need not remind your lordship , the other obnoxious taxes to which we have referred—namely , the advertisement and stamp duties , are obviousl y not maintained for the purposes of revenue , and therefore imperatively . demand immediate abrogation . " The advertisement duty has been repeatedly shown to be destructive of more revenue than it produces , and the inconsiderable sum of 250 , 000 / ., the whole amount involved by the repeal of the compulsory stamp , is clearly not the object for which it was imposed , or is maintained . " We desire on this point to call your lordship's attention to the extreme uncertainty and vagueness in the administration of the law which necessitates the stamping of certain classes of periodical publications , and to the extreme unfairness to which this uncertainty continually gives rise . " In conclusion , therefore , we earnestly request that your lordship will take measures for the immediate repeal of the stamp and advertisement duties , for tho abolition of the system of demanding security for offences neither committed nor contemplated , and for making such financial arrangements as will enable Parliament to repeal the duty on paper at no distant period . "

      Opening The Crystal Palace On Sunday. We...

      OPENING THE CRYSTAL PALACE ON SUNDAY . We have received a ceipy of the following petition , now being numerously signed in all parts of tho metropolis , adelressed to the Commons of Great Britain anel Ireland in Parliament assembled : — The humble Petition of the undersigned Inhabitants of the . City of London * SirEWETir , —That your Petitioners have heard with strong disapproval , of the : attempts tei prevent the _intcueled new Crystal Palace at Sy denham being open to Sunday visitors . That your Petitioners believe the opening on Sunday , not only ofthe saiel inteneh'd Crystal Palace at Syelemham _, but also of the British Museum anel National Gallery , would bo highly conducive to the moral anel intellectual improvement of the people ; , moro especially eif the working classes , _wheiso necessary avocations rentier it . _impeissible that they shoulel , gemerally , visit such institutions on any of the work elays eif the wci'k . Yoeir Petitioners , the : re : forc , humbly pray , that your . Honourable ; llemse : will take : _sleeps for eipe'i . ing to Sunday visitors the saiel _inte-tule-el Crystal I _' _alae-e : at , Syeleiihani , anel also the ) British Museum ami _ISTatiemal Galh'ry . And your lVtitioncrs will over pray .

      Of Bornu Alone Had Enabled Them To Perse...

      of Bornu alone had enabled them to persevere in their undertaking . This enlightened man , by the advice of Dr . Overweg , is making collections of the natural products and manufactures of Bomu , which will be sent to England . " The suggestion I threw out in my previous communication , respecting the Kawara and Tchaclda as the two great hig hways to the interior of Africa from the west coast , seem " to receive a stronger bearing . by the present communications of Dr . Barth , who recommends to the _. special attention of this country that part of the coast which extends from the Kawara to the equator . I may be excused in again mfentioning that this is just the region the importance of which has long been recognised by our transatlantic brethren : it is there that the American missionaries have secureel a footing ; it is that region which no doubt is within the limits of operation of the projected expedition under Captain Lynch , wjro is already on his way to Western Africa on a preliminary tour of reconnaissance . The object of that expedition , according to President Fillmore ' s Message to the American Congress on the 6 th December , as reported in the Times , is the ' reconnaissance of the continent of Africa eastward of Liberia . ' " The two travellers , meanwhile , are determined to cross the whole of the African continent , and to reach , if possible , the Indian Ocean . 'The powerful assistance of England and Prussia , ' writes Dr . Overweg , 'inspires us with redoubled courage , and strengthens our determination to push on to the south , and to persevere in the attempt to accdmplish our great object . ' Should monetary difficulties arise to prevent this , they will previously make another voyage in a westerly direction and attempt to penetrate as far as Timbuktu . " ' For my part I am determined to devote other three years in exploring it , ' so writes Dr . Barth to the Chevalier Bunsen ; ' but what can two persons do in this vast unknown world ? ' And he suggests that other travellers should push into the heart of Africa from the west coast , either up the Tchadda or from Pablo de Loanda , situated to the south of the equator . He recommends in particular that , as arrangements have already been made at Zanzibar , on the east coast of Africa , to assist them from that direction , one or two travellers should start from Mozambique or Kilwa in the direction of Lake Nyassi . "

      EARTH AND OVERWEG'S AFRICAN EXPEDITION . Mu . FiCTEUMANN has feirwarded another hitter to tbe Times , of great interest , containing further information of the _progreass of the : African travellers . He : says : — - " "On the date of the previeius _le-tfers Dr . Overweg was at K uk _n , _expeie-ting the ; rclurii of Dr . Uarl . h Irom his journey tei Haghirnii , a _powerful kingdom situated between Lake : Tsael and the Nile , anel never beforo _visilcd Iiy any 'European . On the 20 th . if August , last , Dr . Hiirth , having Hiicccssfully explored Hint , country as far as Mas _,-na , its capital returned lei Iviiku , and rejoined his companion 111 the : be'sf health anel spirits . The m _.-ctitig was a _vei-yjeiylul one „ s the liberal supplies of l < ord I _' . _iln . _e-rslon , anel various ' _mibsielics from t _. _be-ir own ceiuntry _ele-spiile-he-. l 111 _theibeeinningof the year hael at length arrived . He-lore that time their ce . _nimnnie-ation with Europe : hael _bee-n greatly interrup ted on ae-e-eiu . it of the wars raging over an _cxle-n-Hive portion of the Southern Sahara . Inile : e _: d , e . ne _: ol the caravans venturing lo _proee-.-el from M ur / _e-ek I . o K uk .. was plundered , anel a parcel addressed to the ; expedition wus stolen by the _Tuarie-ks , nnel ceiiisoepionlly newer _reae-hcel i ( H destination . I . etwee-n . Inly , 1 _«<~> I , and June last , nei Hiiin-lii'H 1 »« 1 reuchcel the ; travellers , whei wero thereby _re-elue-cel l , i great straits . All they coulel possibly spare ; of what Ihey _peissessed , _nce-eissary to their pe-rsonal comfort , hael _he-e-n ' parted will , lo defray « be- expenses ol Iheir _conlinued _excurnieins , anel at last no me'aiis we-re ; left Lilian l « i iiiiv a ceiurier fur the : _e-onve-yime-e _; eif _fhi-n- letters lo the north . The great kinelncss and generosity ol the ; Ve : _ze-e ; r * Or City of \| Vcatminater , or Borough ol * Soulhwark , Ac .

      Miscellaneous. The Queen Held A Court An...

      MISCELLANEOUS . The Queen held a Court and Privy Council on Tuesday , at Windsor Castle , when the old Cabinet Ministers resigned their seals of office , anel the new Ministers kissed hands on their appointments . Lord Granville was sworn-in Lord President of the Privy Council , and took his seat at the board . Lorel Cranwe > rth took the oath as Lord Chancellor of Great Britain . Sir William Molesworth , Sir John Young , and Mr . Cardwell were sworn in Privy Councillors ; anel the three Secretaries of State took their oaths of office . The Queen visited _teiwn em Wednestlay , and returneel to Windsor the same day . We have reason to believe that an event may be expecteel in the early part of a \ pril next wliich will add a new member to the Royal family . —Times . The Earl of _Aberele'cn gave his first Cabinet elinner to his colleagues on Tuesday evening , at his resiele _.-nce in Argy 11-st _re-et . Lorel John Russell , the- Duke of Newcastle , Mr . Freelerick Peel , Earl Granville-, Mr . VV . E . Gladstones Sir William . _Mole'sworth , anel flu : Mem . Henry Fitzroy transacted I business at _the-ir various _eiflice-s for the lirst , time ; on Tuesday . Sir _Ge-eirge Turner , lute Vice : _Chance'llor , _suce'ceels Leirel Craiiworth as one eif the I . orels . 1 _ustie-es in Appeals ; anel Sir William Page Woeiel lake's ( be- peist , tif Vice Chance-Heir . The Kurl and Countess eif Derby _le-ft ( own em _Tue-selay for Knowsley , Lancashire . Count _Wale-wski , . _tfte'r having bail an _inte-rview with Leirel John Russell , em Monelay , left . Lonelein for Paris . _Counfi'ss Walewski _iie-e-eimjiaiiicd him . Tho iiiarringo of Laely Oct . avia Grosvenor with Sir Michael Shaw Stewart _, was e : eh : lira ( e > d on Tuesday morning , at St . Gceirge : ' s Chure-li , 11 nnove : _r-sijuare :. Huron llrunnow , the Russian M misler , gave ; a elinner to abend , two _lumelre-el of Mr . ( _uliitfVt workmen , who have ; lately been repairing bis _re-sielcnce in Chcsham _IMue-e , on Meinelay .

      | Dr . Max Midler is _nppoinlcel _Le-e-t _ure-r of Modern Literature : at . <) xfeirel . Mr . Kulph Walelei _Emei'sein has be'e : n _ele-live-ring a course ) eif six le _> e : ture'S in Cincinnati . The : _He-v . _Krnne-is lleielgsem , Ihe Provost of Klein College ' , die ; el em _Weelne-sehiy , in ( he- 72 _nel _ye-nr of his age :. lie ; was an olel Etonian , anel a _frie-nd eif Leirel Byron , whom he lirst knew at , (' _ainbrielge-. Mr . Seguin , the ; singer , elie'el in New _Yeirk em the 13 th eif _De-e-e-niber . He ; went , to Amcrie-a in I 8 . ' ! H , wl _. _e-re he : has _nine-e ; _resiele-el . The : IS'etc _1 ' ork Tribune stale's that , be ; baa left , hits wife : nnel _chilelre-n a _hnnilseinie ; _e"ouipefene'e ; . We ; learn from the ; American papers ( hut a _ne-w _expedition will set , enil . shortly from New York , ni . eler the ; commune ! eif Lieutenant . Kane-, in search of Sir . John Kriuiklin . M . Louis Hlntie , on Siiiielay evening lasf , ele _: live : re _: el a brilliant , lecture in _vinelicnlion of Socialism , in the : Literary anel Scieintilie : I iih _( ilnt iou , . _leihn-sl reel ,, I . _itzreiy-sepiare . Wo hope next week lei he able to present some : abstract of tbe ) discourse . A nugget of 340 ounces , purchased by fbo government of the _e-eilony eif _Vie-leiria as a present for the Queen , is Hinted lei have _be-e-ti brought by lho / Marco I ' olo , wiiich has just , _arrive-el freim _Me-lbeiurnes Thei Illinois steamer entered Now York Harbour on tho I llh _« , f Dceamibeir , bringing 2 , 600 , 000 dollun ) of gold dust from California .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 1, 1853, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_01011853/page/9/