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No. 497. Oct. 1, 1859 I THE LEADER. UOl
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various details of the alleged conspirac...
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FRENCH SPECULATION IN ITALY. The M onite...
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THE FORTHCOMING CONGRESS. The Opinion JY...
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VICTOR EMMANUEL AND THE ROMAGNESE. The r...
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THE CENTRAL ITALIANS. The Provisional Go...
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Majority of the Russian Heir Apparent.— ...
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JAPAN. In Japan, affairs have assumed a ...
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Tins Fkionoii in Cochin China.—From Coch...
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PROGRESS OF RUSSIA IN ASIA. Thm followin...
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* DISCOVERIES BY DR. LIVINGSTONE. The Ca...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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No. 497. Oct. 1, 1859 I The Leader. Uol
No . 497 . Oct . 1 , 1859 I THE LEADER . UOl
Various Details Of The Alleged Conspirac...
various details of the alleged conspiracy to creates kingdom of Etruria in favour of Prince Napoleon .
French Speculation In Italy. The M Onite...
FRENCH SPECULATION IN ITALY . The M oniteur of the following day gave ths world this information . —Several foreign papers assert that the solution of the affairs of Italy will be obstructed by the desire which the Emperor has to create in Italy a kingdom for a Prince of his House . These rumours need not be refuted ; in order to deprive them of every foundation it suffices without mentioning the engagements made at Villafranca , to remind the public of the acts and words of the Emperor both before and after that epoch .
The Forthcoming Congress. The Opinion Jy...
THE FORTHCOMING CONGRESS . The Opinion JYationale says the following information is given to us as positive ; we reproduce it , however , without vouching for its truth : —" Some people appear to be much astonished at hearing it said that the congress to meet at Brussels is to be presided over by the King of the Belgians . Nothing is , however , more true , and the fact is explained by the composition of the conference . England will be represented by Prince Albert , Austria by the Grand known what
Duke Maximilian . It is not yet princes will represent the other powers . The Pontifical and the Spanish governments will be represented at this congress ; the Pope in respect of the Legations , and the Queen of Spain on account of her reversionary rights in Parma . It is possible that England , Prussia , and even Austria will propose the candidature of the Count of Flanders for the throne of Tuscany . Others speak of the candidature of the Princess Clothilde , with her husband as Prince Consort . Parma and Modena will be annexed to
Piedmont . Other journals assert that it has been denied upon " the best authority " that the Count of Flanders is to be thought of as a candidate .
Victor Emmanuel And The Romagnese. The R...
VICTOR EMMANUEL AND THE ROMAGNESE . The reply of the Piednaontese sovereign to the deputation from the Romagna , on Saturday , is no less ambiguous than his speeches to the representatives of the other Italian States . After thanking them , he says , — "As a Catholic Sovereign I shall myself always retain a profound , and unalterable respect for the superior hierarch of the Church . As an Italian Prince I am reminded that Europe haying in view the state of the Romagnese people , who demanded prompt and efficient measures of reform , has accepted formal obligations towards your country . I receive your wishes , and , strong by the rights conferred upon me , I will support your cause before the Great Powers . You may rely on their sense of justice . You may rely upon the generous love of our country of the French Emparor , who will accomplish the great work of reparation ho has so powerfully begun , and who , assured of the gratitude af Italy , and seeing the moderation which has characterised your resolution during the late moments of incertitude , will recognise that in the Romagna the mere hope of a national Government suffices to put an end to civil disorders . Europe will recoguiso that it is her common duty and also to her common interest to finish the era of disorder , and thereby satisfy the legitimate desires of tho people . "
The Central Italians. The Provisional Go...
THE CENTRAL ITALIANS . The Provisional Government of the Romagna have not limited their diplomatic activity to tho offer of throwicg themselves into the arms of Sardinia . It Boems that at tho same timo they aro urging the Tuscans to make common-cause with them , the annexation scheme failing to create a united State for Central Italy , and to make the Prince of Curignan its sovereign by popular choice . Two Bolognose deputies have gone for this purpose to Flonmoo , but arc said as yet not to have boon enabled to induce tho Provisional -Government of Tuscany to cuter upon the project . Tho army of the League , which is now under tho orders of General Fanti , is not far short of 32 , 000 Rood fighting men , and before long Central Italy will bo able to hold the field with a well-organisod army of 50 , 000 Ijeforo the end of this year . At present General Fanti is tho only chief commander of tho fodorul contingents , for Garibaldi and Mezzaoapp Qtill hold tho command of the rose , tho Tuscan and Komaguol armies . There is , liowovor , reason to hopo that such an abnormal state of things will soon bo put an ond to in a few days . Fanti , however , has clearly expressed hia intention to raise the army Of the League , to a force of 60 , 000 men . Ho complains of the ead want of matdriel , and has issued orders for the casting of field and other ordnance , and for the purchase of rifles , or arms da prealnhn . As to cannon , thero aro many who humbly and piously suggest that thousands of tons of rich bronze
could be made to come down from Italian steeples , leaving brazen-mouthed monitors enough for the edification of the faithful and the annoyance of uxurious lovers of matutinal slumbers .
Majority Of The Russian Heir Apparent.— ...
Majority of the Russian Heir Apparent . — St . Petersburg was the scene of great festivities on the 8 th ult ., on which day the Grand Duke , now Cezarewitch Nicolas Alexandrowitch , attained his majority and took the oaths of allegiance to the Emperor and to the country . All the state apartments of the Winter Palace were thrown open , and all the high officials , dignitaries , civil and military , the clergy , & c ,, were invited to witness the
ceremony . Shortly after three o ' clock the chapel was thrown open , the corps diplomatique entering first . The Emperor led the Grand Duke up to the altar , where , in a firm voice , he took the usual oiths , kissing the cross held by the metropolitan bishop . He was then warmly embraced by the Emperor and Empress . Salvos of artillery and peals from the church steeples announce ! the event to the population . In the evening St . Petersburg was brilliantly illuminated .
Death of the Bey of Tunis . —The Bey died on the 22 nd . ult . In consequence of the energetic measures taken by Rhaznodar , tranquillity has been maintained . During the interregnum , which lasted 36 hours , the prcsumtivj heir , Sidi Sadok , was recognised as successor . He was installed as Bey on the 24 th inst ., and took the oaths to observe the constitution and laws granted to the country by his predecessor . The Conspiracy against the Sultan— " Private letters state that the conspiracy was to have broken out on the 24 th u \ i ., but on the previous Thursday
it was denounced by Sergeant Ariza . vigorous measures have been taken by the Government . Two frigates have been moored before the Seraglio , and the squadron-had arrived the day the mail lef t . Among the principal leaders of the conspiracy were two generals of division , Djaffir , of the Artillery , and Hossein , Governor of the Dardanelles , several colonels and Ulemas . Djaffir has drowned himself in the Bosphorus . No Christians were compromised in the plot . The plan of the conspiracy was cleverly organized . The Europeans and the foreign Ambassadors were to be protected by . the generals of the rebels . .
Cape of Good Hope : Recall of Sin Geo . Grey . —Great regret is expressed in the colonial papers at the recall of Governor Grey . A large number of public meetings had been held in different districts , and highly complimentery ap dresses presented to his Excellency by persons of all classes and shades of politics , the universal feeling seeming to be that his administration lias tended much towards furthering the prosperity of the colony . The horses were taken from his carb
riage at Government House , and it was drawn y the inhabitants under triump hal arches to the place of embarkation . Salutes were fired , and , when on board , his Excellency received addresses from all the public bodies . A petition has also been forwarded to the Queen , signed by 2 , 000 colonists , praying for a re-consideration of Sir George ' s recall , and asking his re-appointment as governor to the colony . The Dutch and Fingoes have also joined in tins expression of opinion .
Japan. In Japan, Affairs Have Assumed A ...
JAPAN . In Japan , affairs have assumed a very unsatisfactory position . On the 11 th July the treaty was duly ratified , but since then the Japanese Government have attempted to evade it by seeking to confine foreigners to a small island near the Yeddo , and to establish tho same short of survoillance over thorn as they formerly exercised a £ the Dutch settlement of Decima . They have further sought to establish a new coin as the only one to bo used in commercial dealings with foreigners , but at the same time
forbidding its currency among tho natives , so that all payments in , tho new coin would have to be exchanged at the Government treasury for tho itzabon and the relative values fixod by the Government produced a depreciation of 00 pur cent , on foreign coins , which , according to treaty , are to bo received at their intrinsic value as motal . Mr . Aluock , tho British Consul-Qonoral , has issuod a protest , and has stopped the trade for thy present . It is to bo hoped that tho calm , but firm attitude he has assumed , will have tho desired effect .
Tins Fkionoii In Cochin China.—From Coch...
Tins Fkionoii in Cochin China . —From Cochin China wo hear that the French troojps uro suffering very severely from illness , and it is said that Admiral Genouilly intends to evacuate Turon .
Progress Of Russia In Asia. Thm Followin...
PROGRESS OF RUSSIA IN ASIA . Thm following letter from St . Petersburg contains some curious speculations as to Russian progress in Asia : — "I have often spoken to you of tlio prodigious activity displayed by the Russian Government
in Central Asia . This point now becomes more than ever interesting , for , after the complete subjection * of all the tribes of the Eastern Caucasus , the Government will redouble its efforts to explore those countries , to construct the railway that is to connect the Caspian Sea with the Sea of Aral , to establish its factories in the principal towns of the ancient Transoxiana ( which the Persians and Arabs call the Garden of the Earth ) , to get possession of the routes of commuuication in the Khanats of Khiva , Bokhara , and Kokhan , and to extend its commercial intercourse even to Upper India . The Russians have already transported their merchandise on the Volga and the Caspian as fur as Balfa , and thence by the continental route , by Sari northeast to
and Boustum , they sent it either - Khiva , Bokhara , and Balkh , or east by Herat , Candahar , and Cabul ; they have already penetrated even into Upper India . But from the period of the definitive installation of the English in the peninsula the bold and enterprising spirit of the British merchants entered into competition with the activity of the Russian traders . In consequence of the creation of the network of railways which reach the Indus , and of the introduction of steam navigation on that river , Russian trade was driven to the north . The railways now allow English merchandise to penetrate beyond the frontiers of Affghanistan without considerable augmentation of its cost , and to offer a dangerous competition to Russian produce ia the markets of Bokhara and Khiva , neighbours of
Russia . The Russian Government proposes to put an end to this state of things . It is a difficult enterprise to struggle with English interests , but there is no doubt that it may be accomplished . Russia will find capital to construct the railroad from the Caspian to the Aral , will improve the navigation of the rivers Amoor and Syr-Daria , which water those vast countries , and by the . construction of fortresses on the 264 versts which separate the Caspian from the Aral , will acquire a sovereign influence over the little States of Central Asia . Then the English trade with the Indies will be infallibly undermined-
* Discoveries By Dr. Livingstone. The Ca...
* DISCOVERIES BY DR . LIVINGSTONE . The Cape Town Mail of August 20 has the fol ^ lowing copy of a letter from Dr . Livingstone to Sir George Grey , containing a sketch of some important geographical discoveries in addition to thoserecently announced by that distinguished explorer : — " River Shire , June 1 , 1859 . —My dear Sir George , —We have lately discovered a very fine lake by going up this river in the steam launch about 100 miles , and then marching some fifty morcon foot . It is called Shirwa , and Lake N ' gauii is a mere pond in comparison . It is , moreover , particularly interesting fronx the fact reported . by the natives on its shores that it is separated by a strip of hind of only five or six miles in width from Nyanja , or Lake N ' yinyesiwhich Burton has gone to explore . We could hear
nothing of his party at Shirwa , and having got no European news since you kindly sent some copies of the Times last year , we are quite in the dark as to whether he has succeeded or not . Lake Shirwa has no outlet , and its waters are bitter , but drinkable-It abounds in fishes , leeches , alligators , and hippopotami . We discovered also by examining partially a branch of the Shire , called Ruo , that one portion of Shirwa is not more than 30 miles distant from a point that may easily be reached by tins launch , which by newspaper measurement draws 13 inches , and actually 31 inches . The Lake Slijrwa is very grand . It is surrounded on all sides by lofty green mountains . Dzomba , or as people nearest it any , Zomba . ia over 6000 feet highof same shape as lablo
, , Mountain , but inhabited on the top ; others are equally high , but inaocoaslble . It is a high land region—the lake itself being about 2 , 000 feet above the sea . It is 20 or 30 miles wido , and 50 or 00 long . On going some way up a hill , we saw in the far distance two mountain tops , rising Into little islands on a watery horizon . An inhabited mountain island stands near where wo lirst oaino to it . From the size of the waves it is supposed to bo deep . — - "Or Kirk and I , with 15 Makololo , formed the land party . The country is well peopled and very muulii like Londa In the middloof the country , many streams rising out of bogs—the vegetation nearly identical also . Never savr so much cotton grown o » Shire and Shirwa
among tho Manganga of the Vulluys—all spin and weavo it . Those are tho latitudes which I have always pointed out as tho cotton and sugar landB—they aro pre-ominontly so , put such is tho disinterestedness of some people that labour ia exported to Bourbon instead of being omployed liorc . The only trad * tho people have ia that of atavoa ; and tho only symptoms of impudence wo mot woro from a party of tiojana slavo traders j but they changed their deportment insaintly on huarjng that wo were English and not Portuguese . There are no Maravi at or neap Shirwa—they are all west of the Shire , ao this lake can scarcely bo called Lake Maravi—tho Portuguese
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 1, 1859, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_01101859/page/9/
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