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AiUG 4 I860.] 2%e Saturday Analyst and L...
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¦ M. DUMAS' GARIBALDI* T HE life of a he...
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CURIOSITIES OF NATURAL HISTORY. THE RE a...
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•OaHbaM: au Autoblopiapliy. K.lltml toy ...
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SIR A. H. ELTON'S NEW KOVEL.* TH E old a...
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_ • Mrbtrt Chaunw, a man- more Mn>n;l AO...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Italy In Transition* Tv>Cum:Rntary Histo...
with the Pope it is to sustain him against his own . Here there is a mio-htv difference . Nevertheless , a doom hangs over them both . Islam sees all her frontiers falling in ; Rome her centre heaving beneath her . The question is not will they fall ? " but " when ?" The earthquake is , prepared , and only awaits the command .
Aiug 4 I860.] 2%E Saturday Analyst And L...
AiUG 4 I 860 . ] 2 % e Saturday Analyst and Leader . 705
¦ M. Dumas' Garibaldi* T He Life Of A He...
¦ M . DUMAS' GARIBALDI * T HE life of a hero so ¦ romantic as Garibaldi , told . b \ , a writer so romantic as Dumas , will naturally read like a romance . , and we have accordingly to make great deductions in pernsing the so-called autobiography by Dumas of Garibaldi . In a , pj-eliminary address , M Dumas lets us into some of the secrets of freemasonry , as used by the great Xapoleon for his purposes . The mightiest of the time were 5 members of the mystical brotherhood . It was their policy ; but in this . Louis XVIII ' on his return to France , would not share .
The Bourbon had neither forgotten nor learned anything . He declared that " he never would allow * - a member of his family to form part of any secret society whatever . " Italy now neglected freemasonry , but Carbonarism took its place . " This association seemed to have * taken up the task which masonry had abandoned , that of furthering the cause of political emancipation . " Two other sects took the ' same direction , that of " The Catholic , Apostolic , and Roman Congregation , " and that of" The Consistorial Society . " In these few words , we have the romance of contemporaneous history .
Let us proceed . Carbonarism was the only one of the associations that survived the tentative trials . In this , Lucien Bonaparte was raised to the degree of ' ¦ ' Grand Light . " The sect ultimately look the name of the " Latin Society . " It was very extensive . One document states that , in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies , it 3 mmbered eight hundred thousand souls : and that neither the efforts of the police , nor any other vigilance , could check its unceasing growth . Five years after its establishment in Italy , Carbonarism had obtained , aV ' its results , the recognition of a constitution in Spain , a constitution at Naples , and the proclamation of a constitution in Piedmont . Alt these suffered , however , from after events . .... ' ' ' . . ' . ..: . ' .-.... ' ¦ ¦' .-... : . .- . .. '
We cannot retrace a story so well known . M . Dumas ends it with these words : " Charles Albeit had now become one of the family of sovereigns in the Holy Alliance : and , lilce the Pope , like the King of Naples , like Francis IV , andlike Ferdinand VII , his hands ; too , were stained with the biood of his people . There was , at that time , living ; it Nice , his native place , a young man who , after seeing all this blood flow , resolved to take an oath to consecrataJiis life to the worship of that liberty for which so many martyrs had fallen . This voung man , then twenty-six years of age , was Joseph Garibaldi-. " - ' . And ' the autobiography opens , and * he hero is permitted to speak Ibr himself ¦¦ : ¦ . .. ¦/ # - / . . : -v , into the detail of thi alread
It is not needful fbr us to go s , having y reviewed the substance oi the work in another form . The work takes-us down to 1819 . One extract is suggestive . It is this : Before the news of the flight of Ledru Eolliii and the democratic party to England , every day which I prolonged the existence of Uonie was a day of hope . After receiving that news , resistance was nothing but useless despair : and I conceive that the Romans had done too nuieli in the face of the world to stand in need of having recourse to despair . The- coalesced powers had enclosed the Roman — RSmnflic 7 t 1 iaTi > rto ^^ ' old walls of the JSmeiian . We had nothing more to do but to break through the circle and carry * as Scipio did , the war into Carthage . Now . our Carthage is Naples ; it is there that I hope some day . lespotism and 1 shall again meet face to face . 'May that day be
near !¦ ¦ " . . . , That tlav is approachiug ; perhaps it is not even to-morrow perhaps it " is even to-day . This work is well calculated to on kindle patriotic enthusiasm for liberty and independence .
Curiosities Of Natural History. The Re A...
CURIOSITIES OF NATURAL HISTORY . THE RE are few uiensanter writers , of a gossiping kind , than the son of the late Dean of Westminster , whose devotion to -oology won for him tin abiding name , Mr . Francis Buckland verv successfully hit the public taste m his first series of the ' Curiosities of Natural History , " and he will scarcely bo less fortunate with the second which is full of varied information , most pleasantly conveyed , and adorned with a marvellous frontispiece ^ in which an iehthyosarerus is biting through the long neck of a plesiosaurua , two airwhile omtesnautili
pterodactyls are fighting a duel in mid , amn , , ! md wonderful fishes crowd each corner of the aquatic or terrestrial . space Mr . Buekland commences with a chapter entitled a " Geological Auction , " in which ho describes the wile-of his father s private collection , and furnishes many anecdotes of the genial and humorous philosopher whose name ho bears ; one , oi which supplies a reelp * for keeping an umbrella that is unique in its way . It appears that the learned Dean sufiercd like the rest of the world from wrongful abstractions of an article which popular inorulitv scarcely deems it a thoft to steal , and to guard against a
^ petition ^^ Buoklaml"to be conspicuously engruvod-upon the handle ot . a somewhat ugly umbrella ; this dovicosucceeded , and the implement ho oddly protected reached a vonerablo though dilapidated ago in its owner ' s hands . Equally to the point whs his motnod of stopping an annoying variety of trespass , which ovory one has experienced who possesses a collection of interesting objects , and , is daring
enough to expose them without thet protection of an impervious glass case . The doctor ' s drawing-room bore witness to his pursuits , and visitors remorselessly handled delicate fossils and minerals with that vexatious monkey propensity , for which school-boys are famous , ' . and their elders seldom free . To set mantraps or spring guns , I under such circumstances , would certainly be held right in ethics , whatever it might be in law ; but the Dean adopted a milder plan , and obtained his object , by displaying the conspicuous admonition " Faws off . " ' ¦ Ladies and gentlemen are particularly requested , " & o ' ., & e . might have failed , but there was an honest energy about ' Paws off , " that merited and achieved success . Having cleared off the '" Geological Auction , '' Mr . Buckland conducts his readers through a " Gamekeeper ' s Museum ; " and in the relics of the miserable creatures , sacrificed under the name of vermin , he finds ample materials for amusing dissertation . We regret that he condemns the hedgehog as an eater of eggs , and consequent destroyer of game , for We had hoped that the reputation of our British porcupine had been maligned , and that he was guiltless of interference with the domestic economy of partridge or pheasant . Mr . Buckland ' s evidence , however , seems conclusive , although the mischief done by the hedgehog is probably exaggerated . He does eat eggs , and not satisfied with their contents , devours the shells . Another chapter ,. " A Hunt on the Sea shore , " affords an amusing introduction to marine zoology , and , on the authority of an anonymous correspondent in the Field , settles the dispute how the pholas bores his hole in the stone , by affirming that the feat is accomplished by a rasping motion of the shell . This has always been the most probable supposition , and it is satisfactory to learn that the process has actually been seen . The story of the pholas is by no means complimentary to men of science . For hundreds of years millions of these creatures did make their holes in various rocks along the shore . At least they were found in them , and the conclusion was inevitable that the hermit had dug his own cell . But how V The shell was as thin as paper , and very brittle . 1 U edges were adapted to a rasping process , but naturalists fancied them inadequate to the task performed , so they invented learned and ingenious theories , at which the pholas must have laughed , if he had heard them talk . One imaginative philosopher decided that the " silicious particles" imbedded in the anterior portion of the animal converted him into a living , and , we may add , a knowing " file . " Unfortunately for this theory ho such particles could be found . Other sayavts affirmed , that the rocks were pierced through the corrosive action of an acid . They did not know of any acid capable of making holes in chalk , clay , wood , and sand , but what did that matter ? The philosophers wanted an acid of abnormal properties- ^ they could tlunk of nothing else that would screen their ignorance , and rather than tell the truth , that they knew nothing about the matter , the acid required was declared to exist . Had this been the case the peculiar ncid must have been found , but its absence did not damage the hypothesis in the eyes of its inventors , and , to this day , natural history books repeat the idle tale . There is not much inductive philosophy in this , but it offers an illustration of the constant tendency of the human mind to invent any fictions , rather than confess that the solution Of an enigma is beyond its present reach . In other parts of Mr . Buckland ' s book will be found many stories of visits to whales thrown up on our coast , and of their gigantic lfiilBmy ~ 56 Tiplea ^^^ geniously compounded of monkeys and fish .
•Oahbam: Au Autoblopiapliy. K.Lltml Toy ...
• OaHbaM : au Autoblopiapliy . K . lltml toy Aloximclro Diuuns . Tmnalntedi . y William Robson . Itoutlecl 8 » t , Warno , Mid Mouttedgo . „ nuoklmid m ' a . t Curiosities of Nv , Uw < t { ll !»(<> rv . l ? ocoua wvrle * . ay Krft « cl » f . nuoklonfl , M . 4 . London : Bciitley .
Sir A. H. Elton's New Kovel.* Th E Old A...
SIR A . H . ELTON'S NEW KOVEL . * TH E old axiom , '" more sinned against than sinning , " might be brought to bear upon a largo . majority . of eases in which the actions of weak and misguided men have been laid open to the gravest and .. severest' reprehension . Often pur course of conduct is shaped by . circumstances , over which we have originally no power of control ; * and often , with the best intentions in the world , and while earnestly endeavouring to act uprightly and honourably by all with whoni we are thrown in contact , we are turned aside from the straight path by some unexpected calamity , with which we arc * not constitutionally strong- enough to contend , and the advent of which it would have been impossible to have guarded against , or evon remotely to have foreseen . Doubtless , the world is' uncharitable ' in many of tho conclusions which it draws from illsifted appearances ' , and the denunciations which it utters against some of its more glaring and unfortunate delinquents . , Wu aire apt to jiulgo too much from the surface , and do not dive deep enough into tho hidden stream , to enable us to arrive at tho root and core of the evil , the disastrous consequences of which we so deplore and condemn . Did we but educaito ourselves in tho hubit of searching keenly and consiHt ently to the bottom of things , we should , indeed , be Hurprised at our discovering how many of tho accusations brought against individuals , who are thereby shunned and scouted by sociotv , would turn out to bo tho grossest and most unfounded oi'calumnies ; and also , how many extenuating circumstances might be alleged , even in the instances of noino of our greatest criminals , tmffit ' ienM < Hi'ew > h-imond-tlw ^ outraged brethren . Under the present system wo inorely look at the cause througli tho result , mid much error , confusion , and mwconstriu'tion , is the necessary consequence of this superficial view of human nature . Sir Arthur Hiiihun Elton ' s novel entitled , Herbert C / iauncci / , a man more Sinned Af / ahwt than >> i / inui (/ , w mi achnirablo illustration of tho theory wo havo . just sot forth , ifie hero , Herbert VtuwHvei / , is introduced to » S J ' S tho _™ \ . .. . " „ , .- ~—»—— v ¦ ' ¦¦» - ^»^ - —>—¦—*—¦¦ ¦ ' ' - ¦ .,. - ... II . i Clr > AvtllUl ' t /•
_ • Mrbtrt Chaunw, A Man- More Mn>N;L Ao...
_ Mrbtrt Chaunw , a man- more Mn > n ; l AO a , n * man ^ " » ' "'' [ ' ^^ Halloin Klton . Hurt , nntlior of " Below tha Hurtocv . J " > i « . i . oi « ion . nm » ., i : hl « i' , uml Co ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 4, 1860, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_04081860/page/9/
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