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246 ®t> * 3le*1>eV. [Saturday,
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WATER FOR LONDON. The General Board of H...
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PROTECTIONIST MEETING AT LIVERPOOL. The ...
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SMITHFIELD MARKET. The Commissioners app...
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PAUPERISM AND THE LABOUR MARKET. Our rep...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Church And The Law. In The Exchequer...
not be said he had refused to solemnize the marriage on the 14 th of August , because on the 2 nd he declined to appoint that day for performing the ceremony . The parties should have presented themselves in church in canonical hours , and demanded to be married . No man could be said to refuse to perform a duty who had been required to perform it at a time and in a place where it was impossible for him to comply with the request , lne conviction must be quashed . "
246 ®T> * 3le*1>Ev. [Saturday,
246 ® t > * 3 le * 1 > eV . [ Saturday ,
Water For London. The General Board Of H...
WATER FOR LONDON . The General Board of Health has issued its report on the second point to which its attention was directed by the lloyal Commission—the better supply of the metropolis with water for domestic and other uses . After enumerating the various qualities which good water possesses , the Commissioners condemn that of the Thames " as not only unfit for drinking , but for domestic use , on account of its impurity and excess of hardness from holding lime in solution . " No sufficiently ceconomical means is known of freeing the water from the elements which render it " hard . " With a view to obtain an ample
supply of good water for the metropolis , the most careful and extensive inquiries have been made by the Commissioners , aided by the department of the Ordnance Geological Survey , and after having examined a great number of places near the metropolis , they have come to the conclusion that Bagshot-heath is the place most fitted by nature and by circumstances as the receptacle of the greater proportion of collected water for the supply of Ijondon : —
" The portion of this district to which their attention was more particularly directed comprises an area of less th an 100 square miles , lying east and west of a line from ¦ o agshot to Farnham . The remaining district , which , lthough of the same bleak and barren character , is of ifferent geological construction , consisting of the upper nd lower green sands and gault of the green sand ormation , which constitute the uncultivated sand dis' tricts draining into the east and west tributaries of the
river Wey , is situated south of the chalk ridge , in the midst of which the town of Guildford stands . At this point the specimens collected at the surface immediately after the rainfall are of the highest degree of purity , being in large quantities not exceeding one degree of hardness ; while that portion of the rainwater , also , which filters through an upper stratum of sand in parts of the district , and appears again at lower levels , after rcassinff through a few feet of the upper stratum , is of an most oi
equal degree of purity . The improvement of these tracts has hitherto been given up in despair , and the growth of fir is recommended as the only agricultural purpose for which they are fitted . " From this district there is derivable a supply nearly double the present actual domestic consumption , of a quality varying from one-tenth to one-third the hardness of Thames water , and of a purity equalling the general average of the improved soft water supplies of the districts which have yet been brought under examination . " Among other reasons adduced by the Commissioners in favour of the proposed scheme , they say : — sands
' « That water obtained from . siliceous , such as those which cover the tract above desciibed , is proved to be of a quality only equalled in excellence by the water derived from mountain granite rocks , or slate rocks , or other surfaces of the primitive formations . " That upon the best estimates which have been obtained , this water may be brought to the metropolis , and delivered pure and filtered into each house on the system of constant supply at high pressure , and at the same time , on the plan of combined works , the waste water may be removed by a proper system of drainage , at a rate not exceeding an average of 3 d . or 4 d . per week per house , or from thirty to fifty per cent , less than the present charges for defective water supply alone .
" That the saving in soap , from the use of soft water in the operation of washing ( the expense of washing linen and other clothes being estimated at an average of Is . per head per week to be nearly £ 5 , 000 , 000 per annum of the population of the metropolis ) would be probably equivalent to the whole of the money expended at present in the water supply . " That the saving in tea from the use of soft water may be estimated at about one-third of the tea consumed in the metropolis . " That other culinary operations would be much facia tatcd by the use of soft water . " That soft water is peculiarly suitable for baths as well as for washing . ? incrustations
• That soft water would prevent those and deposits in boilers and pipes which render hard water unsuitable for manufacturing purposes . " In the conclusion of their report the Commissioners express their concurrence in the principles laid down by the Health of Towns Commi-sion , that the works for water supply and those for the drainage of the metropolis should be under the same administrative body ; that such combined works may now be executed and maintained at a lower rate of charge per house than has heretofore boon incurred under separate management ; that the urgency of the public wnnts renders it requisite that the initiation and executive of such works should not be left to individuals
giving casual attendance ut board meetings , but must be entrusted to u few responsible * und competent officers , who shall bu paid lor their services . As the way now soi'ins cleur for an extensive series of sanitary reforms in this direction , we trust that no time will be lost in carrying out the recommendations of the Board ,
Protectionist Meeting At Liverpool. The ...
PROTECTIONIST MEETING AT LIVERPOOL . The grand Protectionist demonstration , which has for so long a period agitated the minds of the " friends of protection to the shipping , colonial , agricultural , and trading interests " throughout the country , came off on Thursday , at Liverpool . About 3000 persons were present , amongst whom were the Marquis of Granby , M . P ., Lord J . Manners , M . P ., Mr . Christopher , M . P ., Mr . St . George , M . P ., Mr . Newdegate , M . P ., Mr . Mackenzie , M . P ., Mr . G . F . Young , Professor Butt , Q . C ., the Reverend Dr . M'Neill , Mr . Chowler , and about 250 delegates from the principal protectionist and agricultural associations throughout the kingdom . --
,,,, The chair was taken at twelve o clock by the J ^ arl of Wilton . His lordship deprecated any attack upon the motives of those statesmen who had brought torward Free-Trade measures ; but would not extend the same indulgence to those by whom those statesmen had been impelled . It was for the meeting to consider " Whether a class legislation , whether a pinching economy , whether starving the public service was a better mode of governing the country than the enactment of distribution of the burdens
laws for the more equal on real property , and the fostering and encouraging of the industrial classes of the country , so as to give them greater ability to meet the necessary evils of taxation . ( Great applause . ) It would be for them also to consider whether it were not a fit and just subject for legislation to increase , and encourage , and protect the home market ; and whether that were not a better system of legislation than looking for the cheaper productions of the foreigner . ' In support of that view , he quoted the opinions of Adam Smith , who had said : —
" ' Though the returns of the foreign trade of consumption should be as quick as those of the home trade , the capital employed in it will give but one-half the encouragement to the industry or productive labour of the country . ' .... A capital , therefore , employed in the home-trade will sometimes make twelve operations , or be sent out and returned twelve times , before a capital employed in the foi eign trade of consumption has made one . If the capitals are equal , therefore , the one will give twenty-four times more encouragement and support to the industry of the country than the other . " Mr . S . Holme was there to protest against the course of recent legislation which
" Admitted the untaxed produce of other lands , and derisively called it free trade . Had we no taxes , and free trade in everything , and could other countries reciprocate with us , he should be a Freetrader to the full , and he doubted not but the indomitable skill of England would be victorious over the whole world . ( C / ieers . ) Lord John Russell had denied that the operatives of this country were in a state of unparalleled distress , but he ( Mr . Holme ) must say that during the last thirty years he had never known such deplorable misery amongst the operative classes as he had witnessed within the last two years . " He warned the Manchester gentlemen : —
" The tillers of the soil had always evinced the most unswerving loyalty , and had kept our country safe when other countries were lit up with the torch of revolution . But let them render that enormous class indifferent ; let the Crown be dependent only on the loyalty of the manufacturing districts , where there were materials ready to burst into a flame on the fresh application of the spark , and then they would see how long it would be before the monarchy would be undermined . " { Cheers . ) Dr . M'Ncill made an " eloquent appeal" on behalf of the slaves . The meeting was also addressed by Mr . G . F . Young , Mr . Neilson , Professor Butt , Q . C ., Lord John Manners , the Marquis of Granby , and others ; the proceeding altogether occupying nearly seven hours . The resolutions were ot the usual character .
Smithfield Market. The Commissioners App...
SMITHFIELD MARKET . The Commissioners appointed to make enquiries relative to the London meat-markets , have presented their report . It appears that from the time of Stowe , 1 G 98 to 1849 , the annual pales in Smithfield had increased from 70 , 000 cattle to 236 , 975 , and from 540 , 000 sheep and lambs to 1 , 417 , 000 . The attempts to enlarge the market to adapt it to this increased sale date only from 1833 , since when not quite two acres have been added , making the whole area of the
market now to amount to six acres and fifteen poles . In Newgate-market the business has increased even more rapidly : the average annual value of the meat sold there being estimated at nearly four millions sterling while so inconvenient is the access to the market , that it has only one carriage entrance , by Warwick-lane , which is so narrow that two carts cannot pass each other . Leadenhall-market is stated to be in a declining state , the business done there having diminished one-half within the last twenty years ; and Farringdon-market is described as being almost altogether untcnantcd .
The Commissioners then proceed to report upon the plan of improvement proposed to them by the Markets Committee of the Corporation of London ; the principal outlines of which are : — " To retain only one acre of the existing site of Smithfield , and to form a new market , both for the sale of live stock and of meat , together with space for lairs for the cattle , by clearing an area of eleven and three-quarter acres lying west of the present market , and extending
on its boundary line from Smithfield Bars , in a north-west direction , through Greenhill ' s-rents to near Cow Crossstreet , and in aline with that street westward till it intersects the new street in continuation of Farringdon-street , along which it runs southward to Field lane , near Holborn , returning from this point eastward to the King-street entrance of the present market , of whichit takes in the western corner . In addition to this area there would be a certain space appropriated to slaughter-houses . The projected market would provide room for tying 5 * 000 cattle , and also for 36 , 000 sheep , 500 calves , and 1000 pigs . The approaches and thoroughfares would be far more spacious and commodious than those leading to the existing market , and there would be lairage for 1000 bullocks and 5000 sheep .
" Connected with this improvement is the plan of a new communication from Long-lane to Holborn . It is further proposed that the area of Smithfield-market , which according to this plan would be abandoned , consisting of five acres , should be appropriated for the erection of baths and wash-bouses and for the accommodation of the hay-market , leaving an open space opposite St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital and next the entrance from Long-lane . It is also proposed to provide model lodging-houses adjoining for the accommodation of those who would be displaced by the alteration . " The cost of this improvement is estimated at £ 527 , 000 , which the markets committee would provide mainly by additional tolls on the animals sold .
To this plan the Commissioners object : —that even the enlarged market would not be sufficiently large , nor capable of enlargement ; that the beasts would still be stalled close to the most crowded thoroughfares , and the principal slaughter-houses be permanently fixed in a similar situation . The Commissioners also would not advise so large an expenditure as that contemplated by the City Committee . The Commissioners are of opinion that the market should be altogether removed from the centre of the metropolis . They think eligible sites may be found ( though they abstain from indicating any particular site ) on the
northern suburb of the town , and they give the conditions which should be fulfilled : —that the area of the market " should afford room , for a live-stock market , for an adequate provision for lairage , for slaughter-houses accessible to the public , and for stalls in which dead meat may be conveniently sold . It should also be so situated as to be approachable by the principal lines of railway ; and the character of its neighbourhood ought to be such as to afford facilities for successive enlargements . " They recommend that the Corporation of London should defray the expense of such market , and be empowered to levy tolls and raise loans , and that the government of the market should be vested in the Corporation .
"With respect to Newgate Market , the Commissioners concur with the Markets Committee in considering it inadequate for its purpose , and approve of their proposal for abandoning its present site . They likewise suggest that , in case it should be determined to retain wholesale markets for dead meat within the City , a new market for the sale of meat be provided by the Corporation , either on a part of the site of Smithfield Market , or in some other convenient place within the limits of the City .
The Commissioners make some suggestions for altering the market-days , for regulating the driving of the cattle through the streets to the different private slaughter-houses throughout the town , and conclude by expressing their regret at the loss which the removal of the market would entail upon the retail dealers in the neighbourhood : they think , however , that the value of property will be enhanced .
Pauperism And The Labour Market. Our Rep...
PAUPERISM AND THE LABOUR MARKET . Our reports of the labour market are much the same in their general character this week as they have been for some time . Altogether they are certainly not such as to give much cause for congratulation . It is true that pauperism is on the decline in some parts of the kingdom , but to a very small extent compared with whatone wouldhave anticipated considering the cheapness of food .
In the week ending the 18 th ult ., we have the pleasure of stating , there was a reduction in the daily average number of pauper inmates of the Birmingham workhouse , as compared with the corresponding week of last year , of 401 ; of children in the asylum a diminution of 90 ; and of tramps admitted to the workhouse a reduction of 306 ; making a total reduction in the number of in-door poor of 797 ; and a similar corcnarison with respect to the out-door paupers show a diminution of 4526 ; so that there were actually 5323 fewer paupers receiving relief during the week in question than at the same period of last year . —Aria ' s Birmingham Gazette ,
June 3 . , According to a parliamentary paper just printed , there were on the 28 th of February as many as 384 , 848 persons in Ireland receiving poor-law relief- —comprising 239 682 in workhouses , and 145 , 100 out of workhouses . The Waterford Mail states that the guardians ofDungarvon union have contracted with a Liverpool house to despatch 200 females to Quebec , at £ 3 5 s . each , including all expenses . The clothing of each will cost £ 1 lus ., besides £ 1 to be given to each on landing , to take them up the country , so that it will only altogether cost £ 6 for every pauper , being considerably less than they could be supported in the poorhouse for a year . A poor man , with the appropriate name of Bones , waa
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), June 8, 1850, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08061850/page/6/
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