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November 1% 1853] THE LEADER. 1101
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* Professor Hunt's own remarks on the co...
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Inns and their Associations.—To tlie Her...
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3V1 RTH9, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. n,,,, l...
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CBimuwnfll Mnh'B,
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¦ MON^Y MAltK HT AND CJ1TY INTF.LTVK} UN...
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URITISll FUNDS FOll TUB PAST WEEK. (Ci.o...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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.1* 11 O T 0 O Ii A P Tt Y. |Kmc()Ni> Ak...
Scheele was the first to note the special power of the violet rays in changing the colour of certain chemicals . His first experiment dates about the ¦ year 1770 ; and the sensitive object he employed to demonstrate his theory was chloride of silver , a combination first hit on by the alchemists , ; who called it luria cornua . This very substance of " horn-silver , " despised by tHe alchemists of old as a valueless discovery , is one of the most important of the salts used in the latest process of heliography . Scheele published / in 1777 , the result of his examination into the laws of actinism , showing that the discoloration of the salts of silver was effected neither by heat nor light , but by distinct rays perceived in the highest portion of the spectrum . Dr . Priestly followed Scheele with remarks on the influence of these chemical rays on vegetation ; thus sounding the note for an important advance into an almost new field of discovery . * Senebier varied the experiments of Scheele by testing the pc * ver of the violet ray in bleaching wax . He also furnished some valuable data which Scheele had omitted from his treatise .
The division of the spectrum , as regards the separate influences of the rays , into three spectra , was generally adopted from the period of Scheele ' s discovery . But , in 1801 , Hitter demonstrated the existence of rays beyond the spectrum . \ For a space of about equal to two-thirds of the whole spectrum there are rays , above the visible blue rays , possessing chemical power ; while , again , heat-giving rays exist , though to a less extent , below the visible red . It is , nevertheless , observable tha ^ t the greatest chemical radiant power is found in the visible violet ; and also , that the chemical , luminous , and heat-giving rays overlap each other in a way that we will endeavour to make plain , taking each influence separately . The chemical power , then > residing in the invisible rays above the spectrum , increases towards the violet , where it is at its height . It then diminishes down-
November 1% 1853] The Leader. 1101
November 1 % 1853 ] THE LEADER . 1101
* Professor Hunt's Own Remarks On The Co...
* Professor Hunt ' s own remarks on the colouring matter of flowers not only possess a great collateral interest for the student of heliography , but promise valuable aid in bringing the art to perfection , inasmuch as the same train of experiments has led to a speculation on the possibility of reproducing nahiral colours on the sensitive tablet by a modification of the means now used to obtain an image . in one tint . Stepping aside for a moment from our regular course , we-rnay glance at a few-interesting , results of the latest experiments in actinism , affecting the juices of plants and flowers . Sir John HerscheL whose observations Hunt quotes at length in Chapter V . section 6 of his treatise , first gives directions for expressing- the juice of flowers , which may bo easily done in most instances , by crushing the petals in a mortar , adding alcohol , and straining the pulp in a linen cloth . A few flowers , such as the Echolzias and Calceolarias , must be excepted from these directions . They require the addition of alkalies ; and others again of acids . The colours extracted differ—in most cases very considerably from the natural hue of the flower . To take a few instances named by Herschel the
red damask rose , of that intense variety of colour commonly called by ilorists the black rose , yields a dark slate blue ; as do the clove carnation and the black hollyhock ; a fine dark-brown variety of the sparaxis gives a dull olive green ; and a beautiful rose-coloured tulip a dirty blueish green . But the most striking case of this kind is that of a common sort of poppy ( Papaver Rheum ) , the expressed juice of which imparts to paper a lich and most beautiful blue , one of the most sensitive to ray-influence of all vegetable colouring fluids , and differing from most others in its chemical peculiarities ? " The heliographs taken by Herschel on paper stained with the juice of this poppy ( a semicultivated variety was used ) , are described aa having a wonderful brilliancy and sharpness . Mr . Hunt ' s own researches convinced him that the juices taken from leaves and flowers in the spring are more sensitive than the juices expressed from the same plants in the autumn ; and that thosaplants which have been forced , or protected by artificial means , are more readily acted on than such as havo grown in the open nir . The paper read by Mr . Hunt at one of tho recent meetings of the British Association at Hull contained somo curious details of his experiments .
ward through the indigo , blue , and green , and is at its minimum in the * yellow , or luminous , rays . Still downward , it revives slightly in the red , or heat-giving rays , and their again diminishing , ^ becomes imperceptible a little below the spectrum . The luminous quality belongs to the-whole ' spectrum , but is chiefly found in the yellow rays . The power of heat also exists throughout the spectrum , being faintly pereeptible in the extreme violet rays , but only moderate even in the yellow , and intensi fied in the extreme red . The same year in which Bitter published his discovery , much attention was newly directed to the subject ; Desmortiers giving the result of his
experiments with Prussian blue ; Bookman remarking the different action of the chemical and heat-giving rays on phosphorus ; and Dr . Wollaston confirming the statements of Hitter , respecting invisible rays actin g on chloride of silver . The following year Sir Humphrey Davy , in conjunction with Wedgwood , succeeded in obtaining fixed images by the agency of radiant power . This was effected by the solar microscope , the image Eroduced being extremely faint . Moreover , these experimentalists could it on no plan of arresting the after influence of light on their sun-pictures . So , having made them the subject of curious and interesting papers , they gave up the practice as unavailing .
Until Niepce , all experimentalists failed in surmounting the obstacle which had brought Wedgwood and Davy to a stand-still . Berard ' s researches , in 1812 , were the most important ; but they rather tended to confirm and reconcile preceding discoveries , than to advance any especial branch of actinic science . In 1814 , Niepce , of Chalons , began to see the possibilities of the heliograph . He was not fortunate in realizing them at first . He did not lose sight of them , however ; and so be went on , alone , for ten years , keeping in view what must have often seemed to him unattainable at last .
There was a countryman of his , one Daguerre , who had turned to profitable account a rare skill in pictorial effects , combined with a knowledge of optics , which enabled him to heighten those effects into positive illusions . London , Paris , and , indeed , many European cities , contained specimens of his marvellous power . Natural changes of atmosphere , light , climate , and season were imitated hy Daguerre with a truth that could almost deceive . We may imagine the man to have grown sick at last of these transitory results , only productive of gaping wonder , and quite opposed to the ends of true art . We have heard a story of his wife watching the changes of Ms mind , and fearing that he would go mad . It is said , that after a scientific lecture , she sought an interview with the professor , and , telling him that her husband had conceived the possibility of fixing shadows upon a tablet , asked anxiously whether such was not the dream of a madman .
Daguerre and Niepce at length came together . Niepco had . then achieved some qualified success , and sent a paper , accompanied by specimens , to the Royal Society of London . Aa he kept his process a secret , however , they could not , agreeably with their laws , receiver his paper . But his heliographic specimens , on metal and "lass , were distributed among collectors , and exist to this day . Two years after Niepce sent these specimens ( some in the state of advanced etchings ) to London , he and Daguerre signed a deed of partnership , and the Daguerreotype in its perfected condition came of their joint endeavours . Q .
Inns And Their Associations.—To Tlie Her...
Inns and their Associations . —To tlie Hercules Pillars Squire Western sent his chaplain to fetch his tobacco-box . At an inn did dear old Parson Adams fall into one of the most dreadful of his dilemmas . Don Quixote and inns are inseparable : in nn iim ho was drubbed ; in an inn lie was tossed in » blanket , tcil Bias received many lessons of practical philosophy in . inns . In one did the sycophant praise him inordinatel y , and devour his fish and his omelettes ; telling him afterwards never to place confidence in any <> no who tojd him that ho was the eighth wonder of tho world . The first provincial letter of Pascal was written to a friend supposed to bo lodging at an inn . jfcauinarohais , the famous author of the Manage di i z lfl a j' ° > was arrested at an inn in Vienna by order of Maria . Theresa . To step centuries back , it was also 111 \ ienneso inn that our Richard tho Lion-hearted jvafl discovere d and captured by his perfidious enemy , Wie Duko of Austria . Tho author of Mavon lemmt ) " f i \ - ' ' ' an ( * ' n an mu ( or a * " eaBt a private Hotel ) in Bond-street died . Laurence Sterne . It was » h Wish to die ho , tended by the hands of strangers , wihu to the letter
- *"" was accompliHliod . — ¦ Utckcntfg ^ Household Word * . "
3v1 Rth9, Marriages, And Deaths. N,,,, L...
3 V 1 RTH 9 , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS . n ,,,, lH IHRTHS . Lm 1 iV" ! * of Octohor , a (; ( t , HiiYHwator-hill , tho wilo of « io On 1 ! , <) f ( Jll l' ° ' r " » : » < l « i » ffW « r . ton ' a ' ° f Novombtir , tit Hodroyd , i \ w Hon . MrH . K . Momil :-ft hoi ! Hl ll '' ' ' ^ ° ™ -B ^'« 'ol , ( 3 i- () nvonor-H < iii ) in ) , Miulimio L 11 Cw-. q : H ownra "' " ) ' ai ? 1 > rilU !(! H -t f ' lt > Hyflfl-piiflr , 'H o liudy J < Viimy M ° i ) , ! u , (> n ' '' llllllymoro OohUo , llalliniwloo , tho wifo of ' jhmry fli 11 ' i ' """• I > I » m l 1 " ! ., «' , ?* Nw l ^ iny , Livorj ) ool , tho vvifo of Olarko Ah' '" H ; Moli <; itor : n wm . OiHi , ,, „ , MAlMtrAORS . 1 ' lclciiri 1 * ' 1 ' ! f Hf > l > t <™ l »< n-, ul Mynco Till , VmhI indUw , . locolyu <•>«> llov V ' i " nil ) ri < 1 K <' , l ' ii < Mit . onimt HiKKind Oromulim-H , third hoii of "l > lro ii > " aiW" r it ! ltl " ' < ' » i » l ) ridW « ( , Uloxworth lloistory , Uonc . t-V - l , mnl , \ , \ " " ° ' l"irlet . «!< I « ihI , VlnuL'htoi- of tho Into < ' Jnp ( . « iii J . ^ iHrv h , ' ^ UV-ni h' "''»> 1 » -N . I . ) , Into < : oinmimdnnt Hucond ( lonftmV S ; " !!™ ' " <;<) ntliiK < int ,, imd Kriml-dmitfUtorof Li » mt < Mmiit-( I ,, ir ' Uilun iii < 'I »» - < Ih , K . (! . M . Wot . l ,,,,. , > ' h ol ^ i >| , tMnDt « - , ill Kurrmihcii , Hcindo . W . I .. Mnrelr r « ifiil ' r - , h WO (!() 11 < 1 in Houmiiind of Urn Vintt Il (! ifii" K « Ht duuglitur of tho liita John "C- 'ona h , « , i V v < ina ) oi- , Alborfc Viiillnnt , Oaptiiiu Uomhny Army , MUtvmi > K' won of tho lutu Kov . l >/ illii » Valllaut , rocloi- of
Stoke D'An > onio , Surrey , to Giul'ni Isabella , younger ( laughter of the late Colonel Mac-eroni , of \ Ve . yl ) rid ^ e . On tho Hill , at the parish ehuivli ol' St . Miirtin ' s-in-the-FieldH , Richard Vicars Boyle , Esq ., son of Viours JJoylo , Esq ., of Lecstiu-Htreet , Dublin , to Eleonore Anne , l-oliet of the late Honor Don Jaointo < le Hal as CJuiropfa , and daughter <> f William Hack , lim \ ., of Dieppe . On the 8 th , at St . Panci-as Chnveh , AVilliain Mortimer Utick , Esq ., of Kiln Jlall , Oarsdalc Sodhur /^ h , Torlcshire , to Fanny , tliird daughter of Edward Macdou ^ all , Euq ., of ( Jaiudon » town . DEATHS . On tlio 4 th of September , Charlotto Amelia , wife of ( Japtain Charles Arthur Mourn , First N . V . M ., and daughter of the lato William Oliver KUaki-ripcai ' , Esq ., Madras Civil Service . On the 2 (> th ofO (!( , oher , of cholera , after an illness of only two days , Charlotte , the wifo ofOtho Maron D'Enile , Chmnherlain to hw Majesty the Kin ^' of Saxony , anil eldest daughter of liieutenaut-Goneral Sir John Korntiir Fitzgerald , K . C . H . and M . I' . I On tho nth , at his late residence , No . 3 , lirudonell-plaeo , New North-road , ofcoiiHumption , Mr . Henry Thomas , for nearly twenty yearn neere ( ary to tho Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelly to Animals , leaving a willow and youiif ,- family to dejplmo their loss . On tlio Hth , at St . Leoniml ' s-on-Hea , Matilda , wile of the Mareheso Hraix . 'aleoiii , of Guhhio , in the Koinan SlatcK , daughter of the lute Sir lloiyamin llohhoime , Mart ., juhI sister of tho Kitfh'l Hon . Lord Urou ^ hton , O . C . M . i ) s , 1- 1- ) 1 c , d 1 ! \ > ¦ r
Cbimuwnfll Mnh'b,
CBimuwnfll Mnh'B ,
¦ Mon^Y Maltk Ht And Cj1ty Intf.Ltvk} Un...
¦ MON ^ Y MAltK HT AND CJ 1 TY INTF . LTVK } UNOH . Friday Evonin | i ; , Noveiuher 11 , IHfi . 'J . Tun OoiiHol account has , jiihI , closed , and wan very hen . vy , for the hmt two dayn having occupied almost the enliro iitl . cnlion of the jobbers . Most of Hie Stock was earned over at about !) 5 , and Hinee then the price bus declined , clom , ntf yesterday ( Friday ) at J' -l , , il , for money , andlH } for <> th Dceeinbii ) -aecount . Exchc (| ucr Hilln i ) and 5 pin . Ah much an It-Hi win paitl per cent . l > y tho Ixmivh for oarryin ^ over to next account , but a tfreat d < 'al of HUw . U was ( lontiniicid at k ; the public have lwtfi'ly bouffhl , and crontcd a scareity in tho I innrlicl ,. 'Mm Waller IMiiiinf , ' Company has pulilished a report , of a satisfactory nature , and Ilio iihares have boon dealt in at d din . The I ' olkn ' iore Oold mid Copper Mine has improved in public opinion , and have been dciilt in nt . : $ - !<( and J \ n \\ . Tl » i following lint ol ' prices , compared with llial of last week , will show the Ihictuations m railways , anil other securities . li ' /; Coili and Mandon , 1 U , Ifi ; Eastern Counties , U ! . J , i ; i ; Hunt liiiuciiHhiri \ < M , Oft ; Edinburgh amlUlasf- ' , '"'"' , fi » , < U ; ( Jntat NortlKiin , Hli , H . 'l ; diroat ( Southern and Went ( Ireland ) , 102 , KM ; Great Western , H 1 J , tWJ ; JjuiicuHhiro and Vork-Hhiro , < U 5 , ( ir > 4 ; Iioudou and lUaflkwall , H , HJ ; London anil ItriKliton , I )( I , )> 7 ; liOiidon and North Western , I ( Ml , lO . 'IJ ; l-ondon a » d South WoHtern , TA , 7 (>; Midlmul , ( IJJ , ( 11 $ ; Oxibrtl , \ V ( 4-
coster , and Wolverlrimpton , ilu , 10 ; ValeofNeath 15 J i- York NowcasUc , and ISerwkik , ( it , ( if , ; York and North , ' -. 17 i -isi ' E 1 st Indian , : ti to 4 pm . ; ( Jreat . Indian Peninsula -J to l \ pni Grand 'frunk tJuuada , shaves and bonds , \ V \ , a . J dis . ; Liutiinbour ^ i ) , » i ; ditto Railway , ( i , ( i ' j Northern of France , X \\ , M- Pans and Lyons , 15 . } -, 10 pm . ; Paris and Strasbourg , U 7 } - tf \ ¦ South-Eastern of Fiance , i dis . to p . ir ; Western of France , 71- to Hi pm . Aqua- VyhiH , 5-, J pm . ; Aiif' -lo Col , -1- din . par ; British Australian ^ ih ^ tX . t ^ " 1 > m - NU ^ ' 1 ) 1 U " ' ^^ Anstraliiia Manic , 75 , 77 ; Chartered Bank of Asia , 11 1 dia . u 'io " J ' llill ; U > rei 1 » t : "' k <> f Australia , 4 to 1 pm . ; Oriental Bank , ' n , ' ' ' ' , ; . 1 ( lon ! 111 < I VVestminster , 35 ; Union Hank of Australia 7 a , 74 ; Union ol London , li ) J . ? ^ r ' Hft V ! . ' l Ki-i < '"ltural Land , . 11 , 4 't ; ( Crystal Palace , , IJ-pm ; North Jtntisb Australian , } , % pn .. ; I ' eel Jiiver , i , J „?„ . & . pi ' tish Investment , 1 J , 1 J pm . ; Van Dienian ' s Land , UJ , Ifij . CORN MAKlvKT . Mark Lane , Fridiiy , November 11 , 18 / 53 . The supplies of wbeat and oa ( M an : apain liberal , but tho holders ol the former ask higher rales ; and though btiy < U ' H are unwilling to comply , the busin « K « done is at the full j > ri < ren of Monday , and in some cases a sunlit advance has been realized , jtarloy is 1 h . elicaper . No alteration in tlie value of oats . The priwrt of wheat are firmly maintained in the llaltio ports . Tho French markotB are rising , and tbii demand for Mim-k Sea wheat , in iin : reusinfi :. Out of l « i shipH which left Odossd by thu last report , only four are to the United Kingdom .
Uritisll Funds Foll Tub Past Week. (Ci.O...
URITISll FUNDS FOll TUB PAST WEEK . ( Ci . osinc . 1 'uKJira ) Nntur . \ ifoml . Tuettrt . IVndn . Tlwre . Z < V » V . Hank Stock 217 21 f » 217 ' M 7 2174 i pur (! onl ,. Roil HI , )> li ill , ' , SKI JKijj 't per Cent . Con . Aus ... '•)!> !>!"> ' ! ' ¦ " ., ! !» 1 | \) i , \ ' Consols for Account ... I Mr / »! ' , { ltf > , ' , !»| . ; J J ) . J , ; J i ' i per Cent . An » l » »<>{ IX'l I \ m ih " . < j ' ,.. ' . [[ New ( i per ( Vnt . s i I liOiiK Ann . iwio : (> fi-Kir . r > - !< s f >| c >[ India Slock ' -V' . 'l 251 i ! f . l Ditto HomiH ,, ui < MM > ... j ..... : s p : j |» n a Ditto , under j ; l (« H ) , ' ( p i d par . Kx . Mills , ClODO 2 | i Up a \ i ; . ' < p Up .,.. " Ditto , X'f > ll (> i ft |> 5 | i Up i ) p Ditto , Small ' (> p ftp 2 |> FOKKIGN FUNDS . ( liAHT Oi'ii'ioiAi . Quotation imiimnu tub Witnu nnoiMu 'I ' ll IJKHDA V KvMNINII . ) Itra / iliim f > pur CIs ., Anef . Portiitfiuw -t per Cenl . H .... -til ? Nov . l ( i DHj liiiH'iiiin n por ( , ' i'iiln ., IH 23 lilt Culia 7 per Cln . ( iYlalm / . a ICiis : iinn -I , , per Cents Oiih mill S . iliaullla . Itmid . i ) ... KIIIJ Hai-iluiiiin Mondn , 5 per Otl J );} * Kcuudor MoiiiIh t > j \ Spanish I ' iihhivo , Oiuiv . 4 ? <» nmn < ln . DoHmtimI 71 Hp ; iniHli (! oniiniM . (! i ) Oofi . ! IVldxiciin : » pi ! i ( , Vnl , H Stt ] of Oonp . not , fun a a Poruvian li pur CoiiIh . ... 7 ' 1 Voiiozuolu . 'IJ pw ( JoiiIh sy
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 12, 1853, page 21, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_12111853/page/21/
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