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* . . . * 940 THE LEADEE. [No. 490. . Au...
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MAZZINI ON THE STATE OF EUROPE. Joseph M...
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Louis Napoleon and tho Czar intend to av...
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FACTS AND SCRAPS.
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On Monday morning the Prince of Wales vi...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Italian Statesmen. Tj&Kano Battilzzi; S1...
to that municipal exclusivism which in past times paralysed and annihilated , all efforts for national progress , and which still , to some extent , retards tlie cause of Italian nationality . His comprehensive liberalism has raised up a strong party against him . When the last Mazziriian plot was discovered at Genbaj he was accused , as Minister of the Interior , of great negligence if not of connivance , and public feeling ran very strongly against him . He , however , retained throughout that period the good will of the King and the confidence of Cavour , ' and * the charges brought against him ' may be looked upon as mere calumnious reports , raised
by his political opponents for the furtherance of their own plans . His past services to his country give him a claim to favourable judgment in his present office . As a member of the Piedmontese Cabinet at a time of trying perplexity like the present , his position is a most unenviable one . The Piedmontese seem indisposed to confide in him or rely upon his ministerial capabilities to the extent which is his due ; but , in fact , it is doubtful if they would be satisfied with any one in place of Count Cavour . Under existing circumstances it is utterly impossible that Rattazzi can offer his counsel to the Iting , and guide the actions of Victor Emmanuel to the satisfaction of either himself or his sovereign . The King is at present in a state " of dependence upon Napoleon III . The conqueror of Solferino thought proper to sign the pre & ninaries of peace independently of his brave ally , and the Re galanpiomo was . fain to receive Lonlbardy as a gif t from France instead of obtaining Italy as the Italians hoped . If the . latter object were one capable of attainment , the ready . talents and good will of Rattazzi would eminently fit him to avail himself of any circumstance which misrht hereafter tend to its
realisation . The tune may , perhaps , not be far distant when it will be perceived that Italian nationality is as pressing a want for Europe as for Italy- —an object as essential to the peace _ of the world as of the Peninsula . " While awaiting with deep anxiety the issue of the political events of the next few days or weeks , we would bear the past in memory , and nourish hopes for the ultimate success of those who think and act for the good of Italy . In spite of all that has been or may be alleged against him by adverse political parties , Signor Urbano Rattazzi has a ri g ht to be placed among the men most remarkable for political uprightness , fidelity to the King , and devotion to the cause of Italian independence .
* . . . * 940 The Leadee. [No. 490. . Au...
* . . . * 940 THE LEADEE . [ No . 490 . . Aug . 13 , 1859 . t ^ MMW ^ M ^^^ wMfMT ^ ur _ iit _ ¦ . JTTBimmrwpnmT > ^ -rrr ^ ^ BaKm = j ~^ ¦ ' iin ibbp ^— CTaai ¦ . i ¦ a ongnw mini- 11 - ~— "m gyiaw ^ wMWUiiWManOres ^ . M
Mazzini On The State Of Europe. Joseph M...
MAZZINI ON THE STATE OF EUROPE . Joseph Mazzini has addressed a long letter to the daily papers , in which he states : — There is nothing worse than a policy of fear towards a Power equal to you in strength , but not really friendly . Louis Napoleon divined the source of that policy ,, and prosecuted with greater audacity his own desighs . The Crimean war was for him only the means of ensuring that a treaty of peace should be signed in Paris , and of opening the way for an understanding with Russia . No sooner had he gained his object than heflhastened " , as he has now , to conclude an
in-Morally , neutrality is the abandonment of every function , of every mission , of every duty which is to be fulfilled on earth ; it is mere passive existence , forgetfulness of all that sanctifies a people , the negation of the common right of nations , egotism raised to a principle . —it is political atheism . A people cannot limit its own free action : without falling , without denying the progress which God calls it to advance . Politically , the neutrality of a State is its nullification . It does not diminish a single danger ^ but condemns a State to confront it in isolation . History points to States that neutrality has drawn into ruin- —Venice , for example ; not one that neutrality has saved from war or invasion . " Media via , " said Titus Livius , " quce nee amicos perdit nee inimicos tollit . " By inscribing a negation upon its own flag , a nation does not avoid death , but adds dishonour to it .
I do not speak of a war of contrary interests , I speak of a war of opposite principles ; On one side is the flag of liberty , right , truth , and good ; on the other , that of tyranny , absolute power , falsehood and evil . On ; one side they fight for freedom of thought , for the . inviolability of conscience , for the fraternal association of the peoples ; on the other , for the destroying the freedom of thought and conscience , for unjust conquests for enthroning brute force as the governing principle of the world . And you , free and strong nations , you who declare yourselves believers in-truth and justice , and repeat for eighteen centuries the Christian formula , all men are sons of God , and all brothers , you say , Between good and evil we will remain neutral , indifferent spectators I It is the speech of Cain , Any people , who adopts or teaches it ought no longer to dare to
call itself Christian—that people , practically , is a people of atheists or cowards . Cowardly and atheistical was the formula uttered by Casimir P 6 rier during the reign of Louis Philippe—chacun pour soi , chacun chez soi—neutrality is only the practical application of that formula . The doctrine of neutrality—of indifference between the two principles-, liberty and' despotism—was inaugurated by Canning , in his discourse of the 28 th April , 1823 . From that time forward England has progressed in the path which leads to isolation . She has not , at the present time , a . single ally amongst the peoples or Governments upon whom , in the hour of real danger , sho can rely with confidence . The Governments know her to be useless for their designs ; the peoples accuse her of egotism . n * n * n * 'n *
Imperialism , is the most urgent danger of Europe . Europe must combat it—conquer , or die in the attempt . The only way to destroy it ia by isolating it , and snatching from it the arms with which it is preparing to conquer Europe . ( These arms are the principles of nationality . I need not insist upon the power of the principle j it is sufficiently proved by tho facts . Agitations , diplomatic conferences , insurrections , war—all have
originated , in tho last quarter of a century , from this principle . All point , as a political axiom , to tho inevitable remodelling of tho map of Europe . In the awakening races , which constitute the Turkish empire in Europe , and the restless subjects of the Austrian empire , lies the seoret of the power of Czarismj tho thrill of ro-awakening Italy has oxoitod Louis Napoleon to tho Italian war , and has soon after hastened the peace of Villufruncu . Without a re * settlement of Europe in accordance with the natural tendencies of the peoples , there is no peace , no possibility of fraternal association .
secure peace for his ally , and which was declared to Ibe premature by English public opinion . He aggravated the hostility between England and Russia , and the secret negotiations witli the Czar began soon after . As in the Crimean war , so in the war in Italy . Louis Napoleon sought the means of a new alliance with Austria . The traditional pride of the Austrian monarchy could only toe subdued upon the field of battle , " Our war , " he said to Count Cavour , in jthe conferences at Plombieres .., " will only last seven weeks ; after a defeat Austria will offer again the conditions of 1848 , and we shall accopt them . The Powers dare not interfere . " Count Cavour , sincerely or not little matters , cave his adherence ,
to the Lombard war—are , the partition between the three members of the alliance of the Mahometan possessions in Europe and Africa , and war with England . If Austria did not accept the proposals of Villafranca , the plan was to have been executed in a modified manner between the Czar and the Emperor . Hungary , emancipated from Austria , would fall to Constantine ; the Mediterranean , converted into a French lake , to the Emperor . Russia was to be , directly or indirectly , mistress of the north , and . of the east of Europe , Imperial France of the west and of the south . At present the agreement of the three changes the idea of partition , and limits , as I said , the next step to the dismemberment of Oriental Europe , and to the war against England and Prussia .
I declare , not from conjecture more or less probable , but from certain knowledge of the fact , the existence of this plan . I declare that it was discussed at Plombieres—I declare that the bases of agreement between the Emperor and the Czar , concerning the East , were carried back by La Ronciere to Paris in his last mission , shortly before the Sardo-Lombard war . Those live in Europe who know the truth of what I say , and ought to substantiate it , but they will not ; nor is it for me to betray those who choose to be silent .
and made of the national Italian idea a steppingstone to the Austro-Kusso-French alliance But as soon as tho Italian national idea , emancipating itself from the plan , pointed towards unity and disappointed the dynastic ambition of Louis Napoleon , ho hastened on the peace , he proposed what in tho first idea he was to have accepted . Tl » e peace of Villafranca is the inauguration of a new holy alliance between the three Powers which now . represent despotism in Europe , Imperial France , J $ ussia , aucl t Austria , The aim of the alliance—they nro phrases uttered at Plombidrcg and at Stuttgart , Is to imperial ! so Europe , making thomselvos master , in otaer t < J falsity' it , of the national idea , and subfltHutihg the territorial question to the question of liberty , The means—t \ nd this will bo the next stop
Louis Napoleon And Tho Czar Intend To Av...
Louis Napoleon and tho Czar intend to avail themselves , for their own enfls , of ! tliU principle . It must be taken from- them , and the' oppressed nationalities must not , from despair of getting assistance from others , be permitted to throw themselves at the feet of Imperialism . Louis Napoleon-andthe . Czar intend to substitute the territorial question for that of liberty . Europe must guarantee liberty to the peoples . A league , headed by England , which , uniting in one , England , Prussia , Germany , Belgium , Holland , Switzerland ,. Portugal , Spain , and the other minor states of Europe , should declare itself guarantee of the independence and liberty of every State , in whatever concerns its internal affairs , and , ready to protect even by force of arms that liberty and independence against any invader whatsoever , would radically destroy the plans of Imperialism , would withdraw the peoples for ever from its seductions , would render new wars impossible from its numerical force , and would isolate the empire , condemning it to fight for its existence in France . Such a league is not only possible , but easy . All Europe is now afraid of the invading tendencies of Imperialism .
Facts And Scraps.
FACTS AND SCRAPS .
On Monday Morning The Prince Of Wales Vi...
On Monday morning the Prince of Wales visited the Botanical Gardens , and assisted at the transplanting of a larch tree from the plain to the hilly part of the gardens , the larch tree is of exactly the same age as his Royal Highness—eighteen years . Prince Alfred , attended by Major Gowell , left Buckingham Palace on Monday evening for llolyrood Palace , on a visit to the Prince of Wales .
Prince IJouis of Bavaria , brother of the . lanpress of Austria , is about to marry ( morganatically ) Mdlle . Mendel , a Jewess , the daughter of a jeweller . The lady will assume the title of Baroness de Walhersee . There will be no official reception on the occasion of the fete of the 15 th of August , the Emperor intending to set out immediately for the Pyrenees . It is expected that he will stay a fortnight at St . Sauveur , when the court goes into the country , the Empress going straight on to Biarritz .
Most of the German princes are now enjoying leisure at various places . The King of Wurteniburg is at Baden-Baden ; the Grand Duke of Baden at Mainan , on the banks of the Lake of Constance ; and the Grand Duke of Hesse is paying a . visit to the ex-King Louis of Bavaria at the Chateau of Leopoldskron . A vacancy has taken place among the Naval Knights of Windsor , by the demise of Lieutenant George Hurst , R . N ., who died on Saturday last at his residence at Southsea . Tho gallant officer was appointed in 1838 . A communication from Cherbourg states that the imperial yacht the Aigle will leave that port on the 16 th for Biarritz , to be in attendance on tho Emperor and Empress for their excursions at sea during the season .
A letter from Kissengen states that M . do Bleski , the gentleman who insulted the Prussian Minister at the table d'hote of the Kurhaus , has been condemned to twelve days' imprisonment , and to banishment from the kingdom of Bavaria at the end of that period . The death of Mx \ F . Zollingcr , well known for his scientific and ethnographical researches in tho Indian Archipelago , is recorded as having taken place at Probelingo on the 19 th of May . tho
The Late Lob » Minto . — The funeral of Earl of Minto took place iwa privato manner on Saturday . Tho remains of his lordship rest in tho vault beneath the parish church of Minto . Miss Florence Nightingale , who read a paper on tho " Management of Hospitals" at tho last meeting of the ( Social Science Association in Lrvorpool , has presented the MS . of tho paper to tno corporation of that town . It will bo carefully proserved amongst the corporate archives . after hia
The Bra says that immediately marriage , Mr . Albert Smith convoyed his happy brmo to his " mountain homo " at Chwmouni , where , » ooeath tho suggestive shadow of the mighty Mont Blanc , they will pass the honeymoon . The correspondent of a contemporary says :- ~ " Allow mo to call your attention to a remarkablo suspension of work—we certainly can't call it ft strike , which took place on Sunday . Dig 13 on , instead of striking twice at two o ' clock p . m . struole only onco , and then kept holiday till past niianlgm Whether ho wished to follow the buililors movement , and only to work for nine hours , or whothor no moans novor to give tongue on Sunday , I ' m euro L can't toll -, certain it is ho only did seven hours work yesterday , and Mr . Ifitscroy will have to givo him notice to quit it he doesn't bohavo hlmsoU better . "
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 13, 1859, page 16, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_13081859/page/16/
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