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December 13, 1856.] _ - ___ THE LEADER. ...
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THE INSURRECTION IN SICILY. Some details...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Address Of The Emancipation Of Italy Fun...
insurrection is highly probable , if once the league of j despots to keep down the oppressed is broken . His fears are not that insurrection should fail , but lest it should succeed . To the last of these objections—that English interposition may clash with the leadership of Piedmont in the Italian war—we reply that the unavoidable revolution in Italy ' must be initiated by the people . Those who imag ine that Piedmont can set Italy free without such popular revolutionary initiative , entirely misconceive her position . The King of Piedmont , bound as he is bytreaties , involved in all the diplomatic intrigues of Europe , allied with some of the powers now oppressing ; Italy , cannot suddenly tear to pieces all treaties , and the map of Europe , and stand forth the embodiment of the revolutionary principle . He is , as a mere military power , weaker than Austria : how can he defy at once Austria , the Pope , and the King of Naples , and put himself at the head of a national crusade , before the nation herself has proved that she is ripe for it ? Would not his initiating action be universally interpreted as the sign of a usurping ambition ? Was not tins one of the causes of the failure of tbo revolution of 1848 ? Had not the Romans , the Tuscans , the Neapolitans , forced their rulers to arm and send them into Lombardy to fight the national war ? Had not the people expelled the Austrians from Lombardy and Venice ? What damped the enthusiasm of the volunteers ? What gave the Pope and the King of Naples a pretext for the withdrawal of their troops ? The volunteers who came to fight for Italy were dismissed by the King of Piedmont , who desired simply a northern Italy for himself , instead of a national Italy for the Italians . The other Italian princes did not care to see this kingdom of northern Italy so disposed of . They withdrew their troops , and the Austrians re-entered Lombardy . As it was in 1848 , so it must ever be ; and our best hope for the Italians is in knowing that they comprehend the causes of their failure in 1848-9 , and that they believe not only in their right to nationality and their power to win it , but also in the certainty that unless the } ' win it for themselves , they never can possess it . Deeming , therefore , an Italian Revolution to be a holy and inevitable necessity , we desire to do our duty in helping to make it successful , in shortening the war , and lessening the bloodshed as much as possible . We , as a committee , charge ourselves with the duty of diffusing information , b y means of lectures , public meetings , and the pre 3 S , so as , if possible , to bring a . strong public opinion to bear on the British Parliament . Meanwhile , we appeal to the British public to provide tlie funds -which , as we have shown , while they cannot initiate , may greatly contribute to the success of any-Italian movement . Subscriptions sent to the Office of the Fund , 22 , Sloane-street , Knightsbridge , London , are acknowledged from time to time in the Daily News and Leader . Post Office orders may be made payable to James Stansfeld .
December 13, 1856.] _ - ___ The Leader. ...
December 13 , 1856 . ] _ - ___ THE LEADER . 1181 ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ii MMHl ¦
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . i ' . ¦ : ¦ . :... ¦¦ ¦ * . FRANCE . ¦' " ¦ ' . " . ¦ . ¦ : " ¦ - " ¦ The Moniteur publishes the following : — " The Treaty of Paris has met , in its application , with difficulties c which have given rise to a difference of opinion between ^ the contracting C & urts , and has rendered necessary a * meeting of their respective representatives to hasten the . ' complete execution of the conditions of peace . The - majority of the Powers that signed the treaty have r already agreed , with this object in view , to the convoca- ^ tiOn of the Conference at Paris . It is , therefore , to be presumed that it will be able to meet before the end of the present month , and everything authorizes the hope - that it will succeed in promptly re-establishing a perfect ¦ * understanding on the points under dispute . " * A treaty was signed at BayOnne , on the ; 2 nd inst ., between the plenipotentiaries of the French Emperor and of the Queen of Spain , settling the frontier line between France and Spain . A report from -the Governor-General of Algeria , has been published , announcing a successful expedition against the Hamian tribes , and a skirmish with troops on the Morocco frontier . M . Schwilgud , the inventor of the marvellous astronomical clock , which all visitors to Strasbourg go to see in the cathedral , lias just died , at the age of eighty . A few particulars with respect to the reassembling of . the Paris Conference and to the Bolgrad question out of which the presumed necessity for the reassembling has arisen , are communicated by the Vienna correspondent of the Times , who says : — "On the map used by the Conference on the 8 th and 10 th of March , 1856 , there is but one Bolgrad marked , and it is on the Akermann road , about five kilometres to the north of the Lake of Yalpuck . On a German map , which was copied from a Russian original , the Bolgrad just alluded to is thus marked , ' Tabak czantynie Bolgrad . ' Of a second place of the same name , lying close to the north-east extremity of the Lake of Yalpuck—which place is so unjustly claimed by Russia—there is no trace . If M . d « Walewski was previously informed by Count OrloiF that Russia meant by Bolgrad a town which was not marked on the map , he certainly did not communicate the fact to Baron de Bourqueney , for when the Frontier Commission began its operations , that diplomatist did not know that there was a new Bolgrad . If tho information given me be correct—and it probably is so—it has been already settled what subjects are to be discussed by tbo Conference . Each Government will be represented by its resident diplomatic agent only . " An act of supreme folly was performed on Monday at Paris . After a review of some regiments of the Guard and one of artillery , which had taken place in tho Race du Carousel , a deputation from the Grenadiers of the Guard proceeded , to the Tuilorica , and presented to the Imperial Prince ( eight months old—or say eight and a half ) his livret us enfant dc troupe—tho small regimental book which is given to every private soldier ; for the Prince wns made a soldier—one of the infant-ry—a week or two after his birth . The following : rnthcr remarkable circular has been addressed by M . Billault , tho French Minister of the Interior , to the Protects : — " Monsieur lo Prrffet , —Decrees suspending Municipal Councils , and applications for their dissolution , are becoming every day more numerous . This oxaggorutod tendency is not in conformity either with the spirit « f tho law of May , 1855 , or with tho intentions of tho Government . Tho intention of tho law was to arm the superior authority against proceedings L L . , . [¦ I , ! 5 I 3 * \ t d [_ lV n y ; s it d : o 10 lc a 11 le a 1- l- es sir a . or n- iw gs
¦ : ^ " ¦ " ^ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ "" ¦ ¦ " ¦ " ' ¦ " ^ ¦ " ^ ^ "" ^ ¦¦¦ MM * : which might be prejudicial to order , or which might transgress the legal powers of the communal assemblies . It was with a view . to extraordinary cases of this kind that Article 13 was framed , under which Municipal Councils may not only be suspended or dissolved , but may be replaced by commissions whose powers may lasttill the next quinquennial election . But the greater part of the decrees of suspension which I receive are grounded upon the opposition of the Councils to propositions touching the communal interests brought forward by the mayors . The administration too often thinks fit to interfere in these local differences , amd improperly brings its authority to bear upon the conflicts which grow out of them . I cannot too stohgly recommend you , Sir , to leave the utmost latitude to the Municipal Councils in everything relating to the discussion within the limits of the law of purely communal interests . If these assemblies give a bad or unintelligent solution to the affairs brought before them , the population will know to whom the responsibility is to be imputed . A bad local decision is less mischievous than , a system which tends to impose universally the action of central authority in matters not involving any general interest to require its interference . Administrators allow themselves too easily to be led away by tlie desire of crushing all inconvenient resistance , instead of using their personal influence , and encouraging that public opinion which , in the long run , is never blind to its own true interests . I have often regretted to observe this tendency to see in authority nothing but its rigorous exigencies , and to forget tlxat the best way to serve the Emperor's government is to make it loved . " It is rumoured that Cardinal Morlot ' s mission to Borne has relation to the coronation of Napoleon III ., which , should peace be consolidated , will probably take place in 1857 . ¦ . . ¦ ' ¦ ' ' austrea .: . ¦ ..:. ¦ . ¦ ¦ . ¦ The oflicial Gazetta di Venezia has announced that the communities of Venice , Burano , Malamocco , Muiano , and Palestrina will not be obliged to pay 13 , 052 , 800 lire which they owed to the State . The debt dates from the years 1848 and 1849 , and the five communities were mulcted in the sum mentioned in order that the paper money which had been issued by Manin during the revolution might be converted into Treasury bills . —Time * Vienna Correspondent . . In some gossip from Venice , with reference to the reception of the Austrian Emperor and Empress in that city , we read that " the < # tc ? anilumination of the Place of St . Mark was magnificent , but the windows of the surrounding ho uses were not lighted up . Their inhabitants , however , appeared on the balconies , and joined in the general acclamation with which the Emperor and Empress were received when they -walked out in the evening . Many Venetian nobiliyete present at the Theatre Pare ; but still thirty boxes were empty " The Austrian Correspond < fnz has an article , the object of which is to refute the assertion that a Franco-Russian note has been addressed tb Turkey with reference to the occupation of the Principalities and of the Black Sea , as well as the other questions in dispute . Writing to Marshal Radetzky , under date of the 2 nd inst ., tlie Emperor says : — "I have resolved to raise entirely the sequestration placed under date of 13 th February-, 1853 , upon the property of the political emigrants of my Lombardo-Venetian kingdom . You will at once take the necessary steps that the property still under sequestration shall be restored to those who can . prove their right to the same . At the same time I authorize you , for the future , to report upon the sequestrated property of the emigrants with a view to their reinstatetnent and tbeir readmission to tho quality of Austrian citizens when they shall have forfeited the same , and to grant them the clemency they asked for , on condition of a formal promise on their part to conduct themselves for the future as loyal and faithful subjects . " PRUSSIA . The Prussian Government , after according to Mr . Morris Moore a renewed permission to remain at Berlin , suddenly changed its mind , and ordered him to leave tho country within four-and-twenty hours . ITALV" . The King of Naples ( saya a letter from that country ) , on the 27 th of October , granted a pardon to twenty-five political convicts , malting forty-on © pardoned since the 7 th of the aame montli . Of these one has since been arrested on a charge of having , three days after his liberation , tried to inveigle a certain number of soldiers into a conspiracy . Some accounts say that a greater number have been set at liberty , and that any one may obtain his pardon who will sue for it . An attempt hns been made to assassinate the King of Naples . There was a review on Monday , and , while tho troops wero defiling , a soldier of the 3 rd Battalion of Chasseurs rushed from tho ranks and struck the King on tho left side . Tho King was not wounded . The soldier was knocked down , and seized by Colonel Latour . The Oeslerrdchiache Correspondenz says that the bayonet of the soldier struck the King on tho right aide , nbovo tho waist . nusaiA . "We arc informed by tho Morskoi Sbornd ; that tlio garrison of tho port of Aatrakan , on the shore ot ttto
The Insurrection In Sicily. Some Details...
THE INSURRECTION IN SICILY . Some details of the revolutionary movement in Sicily are thus given in the Moniteur . •—"On Saturday evening , the 22 nd of November , the commander of the escort which usually accompanies the diligence from Palermo to Messina was having its tollbar lowered between Bellefrate and Mezzujoso , about twenty miles from Palermo , when several shots were fired at him . Thinking they proceeded from brigands , he took to flight , ordering back the diligence . The Syndic of Bellefrate , informed of the occurrence , sent immediately a detachment of militia to clear the road ; lut it was attacked by about sixty insurgents , of whom about twenty were mounted , and the militiamen were obliged to retreat before superior numbers . The Sicilian Government at once took steps to stifle in its birth this attempt at insurrection . Troops were sent against the insurgents , and the latter , surrounded in a wood , were compelled to leave sixteen prisoners in the hands of the troops . A portion of the insurgents succeeded , however , in escaping in the direction of Cefalii , on the coast , between Messina and Palermo , at forty miles distance from the latter . A detachment of eight hundred men vus embarked on board a war-steamer to follow the insurgents to their retreat . After remaining three hours before the town , the troops entered without opposition . Groat precautions were taken by the police and military at Palermo ; but insurrection spread all through the adjacent country . At Catania , placards were posted , bearimr the words , " Long live the hereditary Prince ! " Long live the Constitution of 1812 ! " These were torn down by the police . The Italia c Pojiolo , the orgnn of Mazzini , says : — , "Wehenr from Palermo that the events we have so ardently wished for have commenced . The first step has been most favourable , as six hundred armed men were enabled to assemble at n moment ' s notice , led by men of talent and energy . The movement commenced at Mozzoiuso , about two miles from Palermo . Although at so short a distance from that city , the police wero a whole day inactive . All the neighbouring districts—Villafrato , Bonnira , Vicari , Cimina—linvo risen , Fetes , concerts , and illuminations have been hold . The conduct ) of our brothers has been most sensible . There has i l 5 i i j j 3 , - i l - s " - ii I , " n if o l > n y id ; h a - is , a- as
^^^^^^^^^^ H ^ BM ^ ^ MaHP ^ MW ^ HH been no pillage , no effusion of blood , no act of violence , but brotherly love throughout . At the moment I am writing , I learn that the insurrection is spreading , and we hope for success . The rallying cry is , ' Viva V Italia /' The flag is a tricolor , without arms or municipal device . " Some soldiers at Palermo , surprised in the act of distributing a national and liberal address to the King , have been arrested . The Opinione of Dec . 2 , says : ~ r" The latest letters from Naples speak of attempts made to induce the army to pronounce for the constitution of 1848 . A proclamation has been circulated , which , it appears , has found favour even in quarters where it might have been least expected . " We read-in the Corriere Mercantile : — " The Corriere Siciliano , which we receive from Palermo , speaks of an insurrectional movement , embracing Calatafimi and other large towns in the province of Palermo . The precise number of the insurgents is not known . Arms have been distributed , telegraphs cut , functionaries ousted , the flag of 1848 displayed , and all without effusion of blood . A provisional government has be « n established , with a member of the Sicilian parliament of 1844 at its head . The seat of the provisional government is Calatafimi , a town of 10 , 000 inhabitants . " This intelligence has not been confirmed . Despatches received on Thursday state : — " Th & insurrection in Sicily has been put down . The chief of the insurgents , Baron Bentivegna , has been taken prisoner . Palermo is tranquil . Everything is quiet , notwithstanding the clandestine landing of a quantity of muskets on the coast . " Later accounts represent that the revolt is spreading through the interior , and further risings are expected every day .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 13, 1856, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_13121856/page/5/
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